Knowledge (XXG)

Purusha Sukta

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existence at the time of its composition. He states "The Vedic Hymns had been composed before the Varna scheme was implemented. The Vedic society was not organized on the basis of varnas. The Purusha Sukta might have been a later interpolation to secure Vedic sanction for that scheme". Stephanie Jamison and Joel Brereton, a professor of Sanskrit and Religious studies, state, "there is no evidence in the Rigveda for an elaborate, much-subdivided and overarching caste system", and "the varna system seems to be embryonic in the Rigveda and, both then and later, a social ideal rather than a social reality".
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transcending it by ten fingers length – or transcending in all 10 dimensions. All manifestations, in past, present and future, is held to be the Purusha alone. It is also proclaimed that he transcends his creation. The immanence of the Purusha in manifestation and yet his transcendence of it is similar to the viewpoint held by
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or exchange of the Purusha. All forms of existence are held to be grounded in this primordial yajna. In the seventeenth verse, the concept of Yajna itself is held to have arisen out of this original sacrifice. In the final verses, yajna is extolled as the primordial energy ground for all existence.
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The verses about social estates in the Purusha Sukta are considered to belong to the latest layer of the Rigveda by scholars such as V. Nagarajan, Jamison and Brereton. V. Nagarajan believes that it was an "interpolation" to give "divine sanction" to an unequal division in society that was in
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descend from his mouth and from his vital breath, air is born. The firmament comes from his navel, the heavens from his head, the earth from his feet and quarters of space from his ears. Through this creation, underlying unity of human, cosmic and divine realities is espoused, for all are seen
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The Purusha is defined in verses 2 to 5 of the Sukta. He is described as a being who pervades everything conscious and unconscious universally. He is poetically depicted as a being with thousand heads, eyes and legs, enveloping not just the earth, but the entire universe from all sides and
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The concept of the Purusha is from the Samkhya Philosophy. It seems to be an interpolation into the Rigveda since it is out of character with the other hymns dedicated to nature gods.
3452:, the "Cosmic Being". It is considered to have been a relatively late addition to the scripture — probably, to accord theological sanction to an increasingly unequal 88: 2265: 851: 3691:. Translated by Stephanie W., Jamison; Brereton, Joel P. (Three Volume Set ed.). Oxford University Press. 2014. pp. 5, 57–58, 1537–1540. 3462:
in explicit, alluding to a hierarchical division of the society. The hymn is also found in the three other Vedas but in slightly different forms.
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The Purusha Sukta gives a description of the spiritual unity of the universe. It presents the nature of Purusha, or the cosmic being, as both
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The Sukta gives an expression to immanence of radical unity in diversity and is therefore, seen as the foundation of the
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After the verse, the Sukta states that the moon takes birth from the Purusha's mind and the sun from his eyes.
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in the manifested world and yet transcendent to it. From this being, the Sukta holds, the original creative
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Deo, Shankarrao (Member of India's Constituent Assembly and co-author of the Constitution of India),
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http://nouvellemythologiecomparee.hautetfort.com/archive/2013/02/03/patrice-lajoye-purusha.html
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Patrice Lajoye, "Puruṣa", Nouvelle Mythologie Comparée / New Comparative Mythologie, 1, 2013:
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Rig-Veda-samhita rendered into the devanagari script, the Sacred Hymns of the Brahmans
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The Indian Way: An Introduction to the Philosophies & Religions of India
3717:"The Realm of the Kuru: Origins and Development of the First State in India" 3576: 3568: 3487: 3471: 3138: 3070: 3007: 2925: 2328: 2288: 2219: 2065: 2030: 1980: 1950: 1885: 1805: 1704: 1674: 1654: 1338: 1282: 1247: 1232: 1151: 1146: 1128: 454: 368: 299: 238: 4006:, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 66, no. 2 (1946), 145-161. 935: 469: 4000: 3434: 3401: 4363: 3834:. University of California Press; 1 edition (September 10, 2006). P. 34. 3516: 3210: 2766: 2592: 2549: 2516: 2367: 2362: 2335: 2273: 2045: 2025: 1955: 1905: 1780: 1669: 1585: 1556: 1551: 1420: 1410: 1307: 1287: 1211: 1206: 1171: 841: 821: 781: 747: 727: 707: 593: 204: 162: 157: 31: 3832:
River of Love in an Age of Pollution: The Yamuna River of Northern India
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The Purusha Sukta holds that the world is created by and out of a
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Insights and Interventions: Essays in Honour of Uma Chakravarti
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A Short History of Religious and Philosophic Thought in India
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Caste-based Discrimination in International Human Rights Law
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The Purusha Sukta is repeated with some variations in the
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The Rigveda : The Earliest Religious Poetry of India
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Purusha Sookta commentary by Dr. Bannanje Govindacharya.
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The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India
3543:arising out of same original reality, the Purusha. 3851:S. Radhakrishnan, Indian Philosophy, Vol.  1. 3405:The first two verses of the Purusha sukta, with 4073: 3382: 8: 3605:texts, the Sukta has been elaborated in the 3904:. Oxford University Press. pp. 57–58. 3456:— and is the only hymn to mention the four 4080: 4066: 4058: 3389: 3375: 18: 3954:, Delhi: Primus Books, pp. 143–168, 3752: 3750: 3589:(19.6). Sections of it also occur in the 3900:Jamison, Stephanie; et al. (2014). 3861:Visvanathan, Cosmology and Critique 2011 3400: 3677: 2266:Sources and classification of scripture 30: 888:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation) 883:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption) 7: 3710: 3708: 3683: 3681: 3409:'s commentary. Page of Max Müller's 4020:Swami Amritananda's translation of 3932:(2nd ed.), Pearson Education, 3721:Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 3613:(Mokshadharma Parva 351 and 352). 16:Rigvedic hymn dedicated to Purusha 14: 3609:(2.5.35 to 2.6.1–29) and in the 3356: 38: 4053:Ramanuja school interpretation. 4024:, Ramakrishna Mission, Chennai. 4015:Ten stories from the Upanishads 3974:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 3790:Aiyar, B.V. Kamesvara (1898). 3715:Witzel, Michael (2023-06-28). 126:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies 1: 4044:Translation by Ralph Griffith 4022:Sri Rudram and Purushasuktam, 3187:Other society-related topics: 878:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy) 4048:Internet Sacred Text Archive 3298:Hinduism and other religions 2095:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati 4001: 3946:Visvanathan, Meera (2011), 3819:Koller, The Indian Way 2006 3807:Koller, The Indian Way 2006 3435: 3043:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram 3015:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 743:Arishadvargas (six enemies) 687:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs) 682:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body) 4453: 4011:Upanishadateel daha goshti 3733:10.11588/ejvs.2023.1.22065 2919:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 1599:Gurus, sants, philosophers 1535:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 723:Uparati (self-settledness) 3879:. Routledge. p. 26. 3642:List of suktas and stutis 3637:Historical Vedic religion 3575:school of philosophy and 3425: 2085:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati 738:Samadhana (concentration) 602:Three paths to liberation 109:Tribal religions in India 94:Historical Vedic religion 89:Indus Valley Civilisation 3950:, in Roy, Kumkum (ed.), 3928:Koller, John M. (2006), 3531:(categories) are born. 914:, sacrifice, and charity 4002:aty atiṣṭhad daśāṅgulám 3796:. G.A. Natesan, Madras. 3413:(reprint, London 1974). 3092:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 2305:Timeline of Hindu texts 2210:Siddharameshwar Maharaj 1238:Pumsavana Simantonayana 893:Śabda (word, testimony) 131:Epic-Puranic chronology 99:Dravidian folk religion 3968:Rosen, Steven (2006), 3727:(1): 47, 97, 123–126. 3414: 3057:Eighteen Greater Texts 2686:Brahma Vaivarta Purana 2115:Krishnananda Saraswati 1354:Vijayadashami-Dussehra 868:Pratyakṣa (perception) 728:Titiksha (forbearance) 3760:by Swami Krishnananda 3756:The Purusha sukta in 3667:Caste system in India 3659:— a Buddhist critique 3591:Panchavimsha Brahmana 3523:, the meters (of the 3511:Verses 5–15 hold the 3404: 3173:Varna-related topics: 3064:Eighteen Lesser Texts 2637:Devi Bhagavata Purana 1528:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 1514:Achintya Bheda Abheda 1446:Philosophical schools 748:Ahamkara (attachment) 708:Vairagya (dispassion) 636:Mokṣa-related topics: 3995:Coomaraswamy, Ananda 3873:David Keane (2016). 3305:Hinduism and Jainism 2235:Vethathiri Maharishi 2140:Nisargadatta Maharaj 703:Viveka (discernment) 78:(500/200 BCE–300 CE) 3830:Haberman, David L. 3778:Divine Life Society 3599:Taittiriya Aranyaka 3448:, dedicated to the 3363:Hinduism portal 3242:Hinduism by country 3078:Iraiyanar Akapporul 3022:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 2105:Dayananda Saraswati 2090:Bhaktivinoda Thakur 1996:Sripada Srivallabha 1936:Raghunatha Siromani 1901:Narasimha Saraswati 1801:Santadas Kathiababa 873:Anumāṇa (inference) 3971:Essential Hinduism 3770:Swami Krishnananda 3595:Vajasaneyi Samhita 3415: 3257:Caribbean Shaktism 2976:Kanakadhara Stotra 2225:U. G. Krishnamurti 2205:Satyadhyana Tirtha 1796:Gangesha Upadhyaya 1454:Six Astika schools 698:Ānanda (happiness) 677:Anātman (non-self) 4399: 4398: 3999:Rigveda 10.90.1: 3961:978-93-80607-22-1 3911:978-0-19-937018-4 3821:, pp. 45–47. 3793:The Purusha Sukta 3758:Daily Invocations 3478:(identified with 3399: 3398: 3250:Balinese Hinduism 2749:Markandeya Purana 1986:Satyanatha Tirtha 1941:Raghuttama Tirtha 1931:Raghavendra Swami 1771:Ramdas Kathiababa 852:Sources of dharma 718:Dama (temperance) 713:Sama (equanimity) 79: 4444: 4082: 4075: 4068: 4059: 4004: 3984: 3964: 3942: 3916: 3915: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3849: 3843: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3787: 3781: 3767: 3761: 3754: 3745: 3744: 3712: 3703: 3702: 3685: 3663:Varna (Hinduism) 3651:Hymn of Creation 3607:Bhagavata Purana 3438: 3427: 3391: 3384: 3377: 3361: 3360: 3359: 3321:and Christianity 3291:Pilgrimage sites 3221:Reform movements 3099:Vinayagar Agaval 3050:Five Great Epics 2999:Tamil literature 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1831:Jayanta Bhatta 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1602: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1583: 1582: 1581: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1531: 1524: 1517: 1510: 1503: 1496: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1452: 1449: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1361:Raksha Bandhan 1358: 1357: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1320: 1319: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1243:Simantonnayana 1240: 1235: 1230: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1192:Carnatic music 1189: 1184: 1179: 1177:Bhagavata Mela 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1133: 1132: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1121:Kundalini yoga 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 917: 916: 910: 907: 904: 903: 900: 899: 896: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 864: 863: 858: 855: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 758: 757: 754: 751: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 684: 679: 674: 668: 667: 664: 661: 660: 655: 650: 645: 639: 638: 632: 631: 626: 623: 622: 617: 612: 606: 605: 600: 597: 596: 591: 586: 581: 575: 574: 571:Stages of life 569: 566: 565: 560: 555: 550: 544: 543: 538: 535: 534: 532:God and gender 529: 524: 518: 517: 514: 511: 510: 505: 500: 499: 498: 493: 482: 481: 476: 473: 472: 467: 465:Gross elements 462: 457: 452: 446: 445: 442: 439: 438: 433: 427: 426: 423: 420: 415: 414: 411: 410: 407: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 340: 339: 333: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 276: 275: 266: 265: 255: 252: 251: 246: 241: 235: 234: 229: 226: 225: 220: 215: 209: 208: 203: 200: 195: 194: 191: 190: 187: 186: 179: 176: 175: 170: 165: 160: 154: 153: 150: 147: 142: 141: 138: 137: 134: 133: 128: 123: 121:Itihasa-Purana 112: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 67: 64: 63: 60: 59: 58: 57: 52: 44: 43: 35: 34: 28: 27: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4449: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4083: 4078: 4076: 4071: 4069: 4064: 4063: 4060: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4023: 4019: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4005: 4003: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3983: 3977: 3973: 3972: 3966: 3963: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3944: 3941: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3913: 3907: 3903: 3896: 3893: 3888: 3886:9781317169512 3882: 3878: 3877: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3857: 3854: 3848: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3812: 3809:, p. 44. 3808: 3803: 3800: 3795: 3794: 3786: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3763: 3759: 3753: 3751: 3747: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3698:9780199370184 3694: 3690: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3657:Agganna Sutta 3655: 3652: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3623: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3484:Hiranyagarbha 3481: 3477: 3473: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3460: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3437: 3431: 3423: 3419: 3418:Purusha Sukta 3412: 3408: 3403: 3392: 3387: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3369: 3364: 3354: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3332: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3303: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3264:Hindu culture 3262: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3235: 3230: 3229: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3216:Organisations 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3195: 3192: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3073: 3072: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3052: 3051: 3047: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3010: 3009: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2942: 2941: 2940:Yoga Vasistha 2937: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2907: 2906: 2905:Natya Shastra 2902: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2844: 2843: 2842:Brahma Sutras 2839: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2788:Sthapatyaveda 2785: 2783: 2782: 2781:Gandharvaveda 2778: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2746: 2744: 2743: 2742:Varaha Purana 2739: 2737: 2736: 2735:Skanda Purana 2732: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2716: 2715: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2674: 2673: 2672:Brahma Purana 2669: 2667: 2666: 2665:Garuda Purana 2662: 2660: 2659: 2658:Matsya Purana 2655: 2653: 2652: 2651:Vāmana Purana 2648: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2625: 2624: 2623:Vishnu Purana 2620: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2569: 2568: 2567:Bhagavad Gita 2564: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2503: 2502: 2498: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2330: 2326: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2262: 2259: 2254: 2253: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2150:Radhakrishnan 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2130:Narayana Guru 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2110:Jaggi Vasudev 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2100:Chinmayananda 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2071: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1961:Ramprasad Sen 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1811:Gorakshanatha 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1751:Allama Prabhu 1749: 1747: 1746:Akka Mahadevi 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1736:Abhinavagupta 1734: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1685:Prashastapada 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1595: 1594: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1545:Other schools 1543: 1542: 1537: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1523: 1522: 1521:Shuddhadvaita 1518: 1516: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1442: 1441: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1202:Kalaripayattu 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1137:Bharatanatyam 1135: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1031: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1016:Nritta-Nritya 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 918: 913: 909: 908: 902: 901: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 865: 861: 857: 856: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 759: 753: 752: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 669: 663: 662: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 640: 637: 634: 633: 629: 625: 624: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 607: 603: 599: 598: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 576: 572: 568: 567: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 545: 541: 537: 536: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 519: 513: 512: 509: 506: 504: 501: 497: 494: 492: 489: 488: 487: 484: 483: 479: 475: 474: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 447: 441: 440: 437: 434: 432: 429: 428: 422: 421: 418: 413: 412: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 341: 338: 335: 334: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 277: 274: 272: 268: 267: 263: 259: 254: 253: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 236: 232: 228: 227: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 210: 206: 202: 201: 198: 193: 192: 184: 183: 178: 177: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 155: 149: 148: 145: 140: 139: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 118: 117: 116: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 76: 73: 72: 70: 62: 61: 56: 53: 51: 48: 47: 46: 45: 41: 37: 36: 33: 29: 25: 21: 20: 4296:Sapta Sindhu 4021: 4014: 4010: 3998: 3970: 3951: 3929: 3901: 3895: 3875: 3868: 3856: 3847: 3826: 3814: 3802: 3792: 3785: 3773: 3765: 3724: 3720: 3688: 3620: 3617:Authenticity 3587:Atharva Veda 3584: 3581: 3566: 3553: 3545: 3533: 3510: 3501:panentheists 3497: 3469: 3457: 3436:Puruṣasuktam 3433: 3426:पुरुषसूक्तम् 3417: 3416: 3410: 3407:Sayanacharya 3323: / 3319: / 3315: / 3311: / 3309:and Buddhism 3307: / 3271:Architecture 3234:Other topics 3172: 3155: 3127:Four varnas: 3126: 3097: 3090: 3083: 3076: 3069: 3062: 3055: 3048: 3041: 3034: 3027: 3020: 3013: 3006: 2988: 2981: 2974: 2952: 2945: 2938: 2931: 2924: 2917: 2912:Panchatantra 2910: 2903: 2896: 2889: 2882: 2875: 2868: 2863:Nyāya Sūtras 2861: 2854: 2847: 2840: 2833: 2826: 2821:Artha Śastra 2819: 2812: 2786: 2779: 2772: 2765: 2747: 2740: 2733: 2728:Kūrma Purana 2726: 2721:Linga Purana 2719: 2714:Shiva Purana 2712: 2705: 2700:Padma Purana 2698: 2691: 2684: 2677: 2670: 2663: 2656: 2649: 2642: 2635: 2628: 2621: 2598: 2591: 2576:s (Hinduism) 2573: 2565: 2506: 2499: 2492: 2486:Atharvaveda: 2485: 2476: 2469: 2462: 2453: 2446: 2439: 2432: 2425: 2418: 2411: 2402: 2395: 2388: 2350: 2341: 2334: 2327: 2320: 2200:Shraddhanand 2175:Ravi Shankar 2155:R. D. Ranade 2016:Śyāma Śastri 2011:Swaminarayan 1971:Rupa Goswami 1881:Morya Gosavi 1841:Jiva Goswami 1741:Adi Shankara 1567:Pratyabhijña 1533: 1526: 1519: 1512: 1505: 1498: 1491: 1298:Samavartanam 1278:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ 1263:Annaprashana 1187:Dandiya Raas 1162:Mohiniyattam 1055:Nididhyāsana 860:Epistemology 792:Brahmacharya 672:Ātman (self) 635: 579:Brahmacharya 508:Saccidānanda 460:Panchikarana 336: 269: 260: / 256:Other major 180: 114: 113: 68: 4427:Vedic hymns 4412:Hindu texts 4391:Dirghatamas 4359:Vishvamitra 4331:Drishadvati 3611:Mahabharata 3480:Vishvakarma 3454:Kuru polity 3317:and Judaism 3313:and Sikhism 3281:Iconography 3206:Nationalism 3199:Persecution 2983:Shiva Stuti 2877:Yoga Sutras 2707:Agni Purana 2609:Other texts 2600:Mahabharata 2343:Atharvaveda 2240:Vivekananda 2165:Rama Tirtha 2160:Ramakrishna 2135:Nigamananda 2125:Mahesh Yogi 2001:Sripadaraja 1991:Siddheshwar 1886:Mukundarāja 1866:Madhusūdana 1856:Kanaka Dasa 1776:Chakradhara 1720:Yajnavalkya 1710:Vishvamitra 1579:Pancharatra 1477:Vaisheshika 1433:Ratha Yatra 1381:Janmashtami 1376:Rama Navami 1293:Ritushuddhi 1268:Chudakarana 1258:Nishkramana 1228:Garbhadhana 1197:Pandav Lila 1106:Bhakti yoga 991:Prāyaścitta 762:Niti śastra 610:Bhakti yoga 589:Vānaprastha 404:Vishvakarma 337:Post-Vedic: 173:Vaishnavism 115:Traditional 4406:Categories 4379:Bharadvaja 4354:Gritsamada 4349:Saptarishi 4195:Visvedevas 3939:0131455788 3840:0520247906 3579:theology. 3573:Bhedabheda 3157:Varna-less 3029:Tiruppukal 2990:Vayu Stuti 2954:Panchadasi 2947:Swara yoga 2835:Kama Sutra 2774:Dhanurveda 2434:Taittiriya 2412:Yajurveda: 2404:Kaushitaki 2381:Upanishads 2373:Upanishads 2297:Scriptures 2145:Prabhupada 2061:Vidyaranya 1946:Ram Charan 1921:Prabhākara 1836:Jayatīrtha 1786:Dadu Dayal 1781:Chāngadeva 1640:Bharadwaja 1630:Ashtavakra 1396:Kumbh Mela 1344:Durga Puja 1273:Karnavedha 1253:Nāmakaraṇa 1182:Yakshagana 1111:Karma yoga 1101:Jnana yoga 1096:Hatha yoga 1033:Meditation 1006:Tirthadana 787:Aparigraha 643:Paramātman 628:Liberation 620:Karma yoga 615:Jnana yoga 344:Dattatreya 144:Traditions 69:Historical 4384:Vasishtha 4326:Yavyavati 4306:Sarasvati 4301:Nadistuti 3741:1084-7561 3632:Śrī Sūkta 3577:Bhagavata 3571:thought, 3569:Vaishnava 3488:Prajapati 3331:Criticism 3325:and Islam 3286:Mythology 3139:Kshatriya 3071:Athichudi 3008:Tirumurai 2926:Tirumurai 2535:Vyākaraṇa 2471:Chandogya 2463:Samaveda: 2351:Divisions 2329:Yajurveda 2289:Ātmatuṣṭi 2245:Yogananda 2220:Trailanga 2215:Sivananda 2080:Aurobindo 2066:Vyasaraja 2031:Tyagaraja 1981:Sankardev 1951:Ramananda 1846:Jñāneśvar 1821:Harivansh 1806:Gaudapada 1766:Chaitanya 1705:Vashistha 1675:Patanjali 1655:Jamadagni 1574:Vaishnava 1562:Pashupata 1339:Navaratri 1316:Festivals 1283:Upanayana 1248:Jatakarma 1233:Pumsavana 1152:Kuchipudi 1147:Kathakali 1116:Rāja yoga 1050:Samādhāna 931:Prarthana 905:Practices 832:Svādhyāya 436:Mythology 431:Cosmology 424:Worldview 369:Kartikeya 300:Prajapati 239:Saraswati 4364:Vamadeva 4097:Mandalas 3626:See also 3601:. Among 3597:and the 3517:Rig Veda 3513:creation 3507:Creation 3472:immanent 3466:Contents 3422:Sanskrit 3344:Glossary 3276:Calendar 3211:Hindutva 3134:Brahmana 2805:samhitas 2797:Shastras 2767:Ayurveda 2758:Upavedas 2593:Ramayana 2584:Itihasas 2550:Jyotisha 2517:Vedangas 2501:Mandukya 2397:Aitareya 2389:Rigveda: 2368:Aranyaka 2363:Brahmana 2336:Samaveda 2051:Valluvar 2046:Vallabha 2026:Tulsidas 1956:Ramanuja 1906:Nayanars 1891:Namadeva 1728:Medieval 1670:Kashyapa 1586:Charvaka 1557:Kapalika 1421:Puthandu 1411:Vaisakhi 1308:Antyesti 1288:Keshanta 1212:Adimurai 1207:Silambam 1172:Sattriya 1157:Manipuri 842:Mitahara 822:Santosha 782:Achourya 594:Sannyasa 584:Gṛhastha 443:Ontology 417:Concepts 205:Trimurti 168:Smartism 163:Shaktism 158:Shaivism 32:Hinduism 24:a series 22:Part of 4417:Rigveda 4374:Angiras 4278:Danavas 4240:Aryaman 4210:Tvashtr 4205:Ashvins 4160:Deities 4089:Rigveda 3922:Sources 3780:, p. 19 3603:Puranic 3563:Context 3525:mantras 3515:of the 3494:Purusha 3450:Purusha 3446:Rigveda 3444:in the 3440:) is a 3349:Outline 3144:Vaishya 3112:Society 2963:Stotras 2614:Puranas 2540:Nirukta 2530:Chandas 2525:Shiksha 2508:Prashna 2494:Mundaka 2358:Samhita 2322:Rigveda 2185:Samarth 2021:Tukaram 1966:Ravidas 1700:Valmiki 1650:Jaimini 1620:Angiras 1615:Agastya 1607:Ancient 1493:Advaita 1487:Vedanta 1482:Mīmāṃsā 1462:Samkhya 1349:Ramlila 1091:Sādhanā 981:Tarpana 966:Kīrtana 961:Bhajana 912:Worship 837:Shaucha 812:Akrodha 658:Saṃsāra 522:Ishvara 491:Nirguna 486:Brahman 450:Tattvas 374:Krishna 359:Hanuman 354:Ganesha 290:Chandra 285:Ashvins 249:Parvati 244:Lakshmi 231:Tridevi 197:Deities 104:Śramaṇa 84:History 65:Origins 55:History 4341:Rishis 4316:Sarayu 4311:Sindhu 4288:Rivers 4258:Vritra 4250:Asuras 4235:Varuna 4220:Pushan 4215:Ribhus 4200:Maruts 3978:  3958:  3936:  3908:  3883:  3838:  3739:  3695:  3529:varnas 3459:varnas 3149:Shudra 2967:stutis 2803:, and 2801:sutras 2455:Maitri 2180:Ramdas 2073:Modern 2006:Surdas 1871:Madhva 1791:Eknath 1761:Basava 1756:Alvars 1690:Raikva 1680:Pāṇini 1665:Kapila 1660:Kanada 1645:Gotama 1552:Shaiva 1500:Dvaita 1401:Pongal 1324:Diwali 1303:Vivaha 1167:Odissi 1142:Kathak 1081:Yogini 1045:Dhyana 996:Tirtha 951:Bhakti 941:Temple 936:Śrauta 817:Arjava 777:Ahimsa 772:Niyama 755:Ethics 563:Moksha 548:Dharma 496:Saguna 394:Shakti 379:Kubera 325:Varuna 305:Pushan 218:Vishnu 213:Brahma 50:Hindus 4268:Dasas 4263:Susna 4230:Mitra 4225:Rudra 4188:Ushas 4178:Indra 4168:Devas 3673:Notes 3556:Yajna 3550:Yajna 3536:Indra 3521:Vedas 3166:Dalit 3119:Varna 3036:Kural 2574:Agama 2545:Kalpa 2441:Katha 2313:Vedas 2284:Ācāra 2279:Smṛti 2274:Śruti 2258:Texts 1851:Kabir 1715:Vyasa 1625:Aruni 1472:Nyaya 1426:Vishu 1406:Ugadi 1086:Asana 1071:Sadhu 1040:Tapas 1011:Matha 1001:Yatra 986:Vrata 971:Yajna 946:Murti 827:Tapas 802:Damah 797:Satya 767:Yamas 653:Karma 553:Artha 470:Guṇas 384:Radha 349:Durga 320:Ushas 315:Surya 310:Rudra 295:Indra 271:Vedic 262:Devis 258:Devas 223:Shiva 4369:Atri 4321:Rasā 4273:Danu 4183:Soma 4173:Agni 3976:ISBN 3956:ISBN 3934:ISBN 3906:ISBN 3881:ISBN 3836:ISBN 3737:ISSN 3693:ISBN 3665:and 3540:Agni 3538:and 3476:will 3442:hymn 3430:IAST 3180:Jāti 2965:and 2478:Kena 2427:Isha 1635:Atri 1467:Yoga 1416:Bihu 1386:Onam 1329:Holi 1129:Arts 1076:Yogi 1063:Yoga 1026:Sevā 1021:Dāna 976:Homa 956:Japa 926:Ārtī 921:Puja 847:Dāna 807:Dayā 665:Mind 648:Maya 558:Kama 399:Sita 389:Rama 364:Kali 330:Vayu 280:Agni 182:List 4046:at 4013:OR 3729:doi 3486:or 515:God 4408:: 4150:10 3997:, 3776:. 3772:. 3749:^ 3735:. 3725:28 3723:. 3719:. 3707:^ 3680:^ 3593:, 3482:, 3432:: 3428:, 3424:: 2799:, 503:Om 26:on 4145:9 4140:8 4135:7 4130:6 4125:5 4120:4 4115:3 4110:2 4105:1 4081:e 4074:t 4067:v 3914:. 3889:. 3842:. 3743:. 3731:: 3701:. 3653:) 3649:( 3420:( 3390:e 3383:t 3376:v 3159:: 273::

Index

a series
Hinduism

Hindus
History
Hindu synthesis
History
Indus Valley Civilisation
Historical Vedic religion
Dravidian folk religion
Śramaṇa
Tribal religions in India
Itihasa-Purana
Epic-Puranic royal genealogies
Epic-Puranic chronology
Traditions
Shaivism
Shaktism
Smartism
Vaishnavism
List
Deities
Trimurti
Brahma
Vishnu
Shiva
Tridevi
Saraswati
Lakshmi
Parvati

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