35:
542:, of 1919. Terrorist attacks on black communities and white oppression in over three dozen cities and counties. In most cases, white mobs attacked African American neighborhoods. In some cases, black community groups resisted the attacks, especially in Chicago and Washington DC. Most deaths occurred in rural areas during events like the
523:
white and black mobs armed themselves and roamed the town when an argument broke when the white and black schools choose the same colors. Respected black preacher J.A. Martin noticed that in
Milledgeville's black community "the males carried their guns with as much calmness as if they were going to
515:
claimed the buildings were burnt down because of a "minor racial clash at Dennis
Station" when a black man was refused a bottle of soda water. The community raised $ 1,100 ($ 19,300 in 2024) reward for any information about the people responsible for the fires.
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shoot a rabbit in a hunt, or getting ready to shoot the Kaiser's soldiers." There was a lot of tension in the black community as white soldiers were lauded upon their return while Black soldiers, who also fought in WWI, were ignored.
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From the night of
Tuesday, May 27, 1919 until Wednesday, May 28,1919, morning arsonists burned down at least six black churches and multiple black community buildings in and around
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which killed 38 and 39 people respectively, and with both having many more non-fatal injuries and extensive property damage reaching up into the millions of dollars.
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in
Arkansas, where an estimated 100 to 240 black people and 5 white people were killed. Also in 1919 were the
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This uprising was one of several incidents of civil unrest that began in the so-called
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26:
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African-American history between emancipation and the civil rights movement
736:
607:
605:
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497:
was an attack on the black community by white mobs in May of 1919.
3497:
764:. Wheeling, West Virginia: Intelligencer Pub. Co. pp. 1–24.
653:
Red Summer: The Summer of 1919 and the
Awakening of Black America
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71:
67:
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Association of
Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
39:
US News coverage of the Putnam County, Georgia, arson attack
611:
592:
590:
588:
3683:
National Museum of
African American History and Culture
574:
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
3940:
Racially motivated violence against
African Americans
1462:
Racially motivated violence against
African Americans
3877:
3696:
3655:
3574:
3528:
3436:
3390:
2657:
1926:
1531:
52:
44:
635:
3950:Riots and civil disorder in Georgia (U.S. state)
3127:Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (TN)
1521:List of lynching victims in the United States
1492:
1452:Riots and civil disorder in the United States
799:
623:
83:
8:
19:
3557:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
815:Racial Incidents during the 1919 Red Summer
3525:
3387:
3373:Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore
3103:Elijah Frost, Abijah Gibson, Tom McCracken
2909:
1528:
1515:
1499:
1485:
1477:
1432:
1379:
1344:
1297:
1223:
1062:
1006:
923:
882:
847:
822:
806:
792:
784:
90:
76:
68:
18:
3945:History of racism in Georgia (U.S. state)
3930:White American riots in the United States
3849:"The United States of Lyncherdom" (Twain)
3309:Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes
2087:William "Froggie" James and Henry Salzner
1457:White American riots in the United States
596:
569:Mass racial violence in the United States
1255:Texarkana, Texas riot of 1919 (August 6)
756:"Georgia White Burn Five Negro Churches"
386:Texarkana, Texas riot of 1919 (August 6)
3678:National Memorial for Peace and Justice
584:
3315:Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels
3221:Lynching rampage in Brooks County, GA
7:
3890:Lynching deaths in the United States
3020:Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman
3551:Justice for Victims of Lynching Act
3327:O'Day Short, wife, and two children
3109:T.J. House, James West, John Dorsey
495:Putnam County, Georgia arson attack
20:Putnam County, Georgia arson attack
14:
3451:American Crusade Against Lynching
3097:Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer
3663:America's Black Holocaust Museum
3446:American anti-lynching activists
3418:Nadir of American race relations
3008:Steve Long and two half-brothers
2944:Great Hanging at Gainesville, TX
33:
3935:1919 riots in the United States
3869:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
3503:National Conference on Lynching
3061:Juan, Antonio, and Marcelo Moya
2938:Marais des Cygnes, KS, massacre
2279:Mary Turner and her unborn baby
944:National Conference on Lynching
715:"For Action on Race Riot Peril"
612:The Wheeling Intelligencer 1919
2985:Gallatin County, KY, race riot
682:"The Ku Klux Are Riding Again"
1:
3885:Lynching in the United States
3186:Springfield race riot of 1908
1604:Steve Long, Ace and Con Moyer
1508:Lynching in the United States
3920:1919 in Georgia (U.S. state)
3779:Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson
3710:And you are lynching Negroes
3562:Emmett Till Antilynching Act
3297:Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith
3203:Harris County, GA, lynchings
3145:Wilmington, NC, insurrection
2991:New Orleans massacre of 1866
1026:Memphis, Tennessee (June 13)
897:Morgan County, West Virginia
564:Washington race riot of 1919
195:Memphis, Tennessee (June 13)
3688:Southern Poverty Law Center
3333:Moore's Ford, GA, lynchings
2961:? Lachenais and four others
2399:James Harvey and Joe Jordan
1716:Samuel "Mingo Jack" Johnson
651:McWhirter, Cameron (2011).
3971:
3169:1906 Atlanta race massacre
3139:Phoenix, SC, election riot
3115:New Orleans 1891 lynchings
3067:Benjamin and Mollie French
1209:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1119:Garfield Park riot of 1919
1089:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
956:Charleston, South Carolina
761:The Wheeling Intelligencer
752:The Wheeling Intelligencer
531:
512:The Wheeling Intelligencer
3476:William O'Connell Bradley
3386:
3215:East St. Louis, IL, riots
2967:Fort Pillow, TN, massacre
2950:New York City draft riots
2919:
2908:
1527:
1514:
1442:
1431:
1389:
1378:
1354:
1343:
1307:
1296:
1233:
1222:
1095:Coatesville, Pennsylvania
1072:
1061:
1016:
1005:
933:
922:
892:
881:
857:
846:
832:
821:
552:Washington D.C. race riot
107:
32:
24:
3740:Deaths in police custody
3227:Jenkins County, GA, riot
3038:Chinese massacre of 1871
2956:Detroit race riot (1863)
2591:Lynching of Raymond Gunn
2383:Dick Rowland (attempted)
1332:(September 30–October 1)
1250:Hattiesburg, Mississippi
1191:Newberry, South Carolina
440:(September 30–October 1)
381:Hattiesburg, Mississippi
338:Newberry, South Carolina
3721:Battle of Liberty Place
3716:Attack on John Shillady
3704:James Allen (collector)
3537:Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill
3321:Beaumont, TX, Race Riot
3245:Omaha race riot of 1919
3233:Longview, TX, race riot
3209:Newberry, FL, lynchings
3151:Julia and Frazier Baker
3133:Porter and Spencer (MS)
3085:Thibodeax, LA, massacre
3043:Meridian, MS, race riot
3026:Opelousas, LA, massacre
1999:Paul Reed and Will Cato
1684:Big Nose George Parrott
1312:Clarksdale, Mississippi
1259:New York City, New York
1143:New York City, New York
992:Monticello, Mississippi
986:New London, Connecticut
903:Jenkins County, Georgia
636:The New York Times 1919
420:Clarksdale, Mississippi
184:Monticello, Mississippi
3855:United States v. Shipp
3607:Rebecca Latimer Felton
3438:Anti-lynching movement
3355:Freedom Summer Murders
3285:Rosewood, FL, massacre
3250:Knoxville riot of 1919
2119:Laura and L. D. Nelson
1155:New Orleans, Louisiana
657:Henry Holt and Company
521:Milledgeville, Georgia
308:New Orleans, Louisiana
57:Putnam County, Georgia
3826:Summer in Mississippi
3773:Mississippi Cold Case
3727:The Birth of a Nation
3668:Civil Rights Memorial
3597:Sidney Johnston Catts
3575:Defenders of lynching
3261:Duluth, MN, lynchings
3239:Elaine, AR, race riot
3197:Laura and L.D. Nelson
3163:Watkinsville lynching
3121:Ruggles Brothers (CA)
3079:Hamburg, SC, massacre
3055:Election riot of 1874
3002:Camilla, GA, massacre
2924:Death of Joseph Smith
1548:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
1197:Bloomington, Illinois
680:(September 1, 1919).
344:Bloomington, Illinois
3544:Costigan-Wagner Bill
3481:Ella Barksdale Brown
3279:Perry, FL, race riot
3191:Slocum, TX, massacre
3091:Mart and Tom Horrell
3049:Colfax, LA, massacre
3032:Bear River City riot
2882:James Craig Anderson
2682:Robert "Bobbie" Hall
2287:Hazel "Hayes" Turner
1412:Wilmington, Delaware
1277:Knoxville, Tennessee
1179:Hobson City, Alabama
1030:Bibb County, Alabama
938:Pickens, Mississippi
690:. Toronto, Ontario.
519:A few miles away in
326:Hobson City, Alabama
236:Dublin, Georgia riot
199:Bibb County, Alabama
136:Pickens, Mississippi
3786:The Ox-Bow Incident
3766:Mississippi Burning
3617:John Trotwood Moore
3273:Tulsa race massacre
3267:Ocoee, FL, massacre
2762:Mack Charles Parker
2690:Willie James Howard
1359:Baltimore, Maryland
1324:Montgomery, Alabama
1283:Bogalusa, Louisiana
1161:Darby, Pennsylvania
1131:Louise, Mississippi
1113:Baltimore, Maryland
1101:Tuscaloosa, Alabama
1036:Annapolis, Maryland
968:El Dorado, Arkansas
713:(October 5, 1919).
672:- Total pages: 368
540:American Red Summer
432:Montgomery, Alabama
414:Bogalusa, Louisiana
284:Louise, Mississippi
254:Tuscaloosa, Alabama
160:El Dorado, Arkansas
21:
3800:Reconstruction era
3612:John Temple Graves
3456:Jessie Daniel Ames
3403:Indiana White Caps
3073:Ellenton, SC, riot
2996:Reno Brothers Gang
2746:Judge Edward Aaron
1943:Ballie Crutchfield
1406:Magnolia, Arkansas
1203:Syracuse, New York
1125:Port Arthur, Texas
1042:Macon, Mississippi
962:Sylvester, Georgia
909:Sylvester, Georgia
868:Memphis, Tennessee
720:The New York Times
711:The New York Times
468:Magnolia, Arkansas
402:Laurens County, GA
334:(July 27–August 3)
211:Macon, Mississippi
154:Sylvester, Georgia
130:Sylvester, Georgia
3902:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3843:They Won't Forget
3760:Lynching postcard
3673:The Legacy Museum
3642:James K. Vardaman
3582:Theodore G. Bilbo
3570:
3569:
3461:Martin C. Ansorge
3382:
3381:
3367:Michael Schwerner
3174:Kemper County, MS
3014:Pulaski, TN, riot
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2607:Shedrick Thompson
2487:Bernice Raspberry
2207:Name unknown (MS)
2111:Name unknown (TX)
1732:Joseph Vermillion
1700:John Wesley Heath
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1427:
1426:
1374:
1373:
1339:
1338:
1320:(September 28–29)
1292:
1291:
1271:Ocmulgee, Georgia
1244:Lincoln, Arkansas
1218:
1217:
1185:Chicago, Illinois
1149:Norfolk, Virginia
1057:
1056:
1001:
1000:
980:Putnam County, GA
918:
917:
877:
876:
842:
841:
835:Blakeley, Georgia
673:
626:, pp. 58–59.
548:Chicago Race Riot
490:
489:
428:(September 28–29)
375:Lincoln, Arkansas
363:August – November
272:Garfield Park, IN
172:Putnam County, GA
118:Morgan County, WV
66:
65:
16:Racial hate crime
3962:
3697:Related articles
3647:Thomas E. Watson
3637:Benjamin Tillman
3602:Thomas Dixon Jr.
3526:
3388:
3291:Jim and Mark Fox
2979:Memphis massacre
2914:Multiple victims
2910:
2893:
2885:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2810:Wharlest Jackson
2805:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2706:John Cecil Jones
2701:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2599:Matthew Williams
2594:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2498:
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2450:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2359:Berry Washington
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2223:Anthony Crawford
2218:
2215:Jesse Washington
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2135:Zachariah Walker
2130:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2095:Grant Richardson
2090:
2082:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2039:Earnest Williams
2034:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1892:John Henry James
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1844:Stephen Williams
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1796:Ephraim Grizzard
1791:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1756:Brown Washington
1751:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1660:Arthur St. Clair
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1620:John W. Stephens
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1540:Francis McIntosh
1529:
1516:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1478:
1433:
1380:
1365:Corbin, Kentucky
1345:
1330:Elaine, Arkansas
1298:
1238:Whatley, Alabama
1224:
1137:Washington, D.C.
1063:
1007:
924:
883:
848:
823:
808:
801:
794:
785:
780:
778:
776:
754:(May 31, 1919).
747:
745:
743:
723:. New York, NY.
706:
704:
702:
687:Maclean Magazine
671:
670:
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
609:
600:
594:
544:Elaine Race Riot
102:
92:
85:
78:
69:
37:
22:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3955:May 1919 events
3905:
3904:
3903:
3894:
3873:
3810:Scottsboro Boys
3692:
3651:
3566:
3524:
3432:
3378:
3343:Harriette Moore
3303:Tate County, MS
2915:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2850:Arthur McDuffie
2848:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2653:
2647:Elbert Williams
2645:
2639:Austin Callaway
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2543:Thomas Williams
2541:
2533:
2527:Thomas Bradshaw
2525:
2519:Albert Williams
2517:
2509:
2503:Joseph Upchurch
2501:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2429:
2421:
2413:
2405:
2397:
2389:
2381:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2277:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2159:George Saunders
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2007:Bunk Richardson
2005:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1922:
1916:Benjamin Thomas
1914:
1906:
1898:
1890:
1882:
1876:Joseph H. McCoy
1874:
1868:William Andrews
1866:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1836:Richard Puryear
1834:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1692:Charles Thurber
1690:
1682:
1676:Joseph Standing
1674:
1666:
1658:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1596:Clubfoot George
1594:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1523:
1510:
1505:
1475:
1466:
1438:
1423:
1385:
1370:
1350:
1335:
1318:Omaha, Nebraska
1303:
1288:
1229:
1214:
1187:(July 27–Aug 3)
1107:Longview, Texas
1083:Dublin, Georgia
1077:Bisbee, Arizona
1068:
1053:
1012:
997:
929:
914:
888:
873:
853:
838:
828:
817:
812:
774:
772:
750:
741:
739:
709:
700:
698:
676:
667:
650:
647:
642:
634:
630:
622:
618:
610:
603:
595:
586:
582:
560:
536:
530:
503:
501:Racial violence
491:
486:
485:
290:Washington D.C.
278:Port Arthur, TX
248:Coatesville, PA
103:
98:
96:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3968:
3966:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3907:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3858:
3851:
3846:
3839:
3829:
3822:
3820:Stone Mountain
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3789:
3782:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3757:
3750:
3742:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3632:Goodloe Sutton
3629:
3624:
3622:John T. Morgan
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3592:Julian S. Carr
3589:
3587:Cole L. Blease
3584:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3532:
3530:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3471:Flossie Bailey
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3363:Andrew Goodman
3352:
3346:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3157:Pana, IL, riot
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2874:James Byrd Jr.
2870:
2862:
2858:Michael Donald
2854:
2846:
2838:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2754:Willie Edwards
2750:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2674:Johannes Kunze
2670:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2615:George Armwood
2611:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2535:Winston Pounds
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2347:
2343:John Hartfield
2339:
2335:Wesley Everest
2331:
2323:
2319:Wallace Baynes
2315:
2311:Olli Kinkkonen
2307:
2303:Jim McIlherron
2299:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2183:Charles Fisher
2179:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1991:Marie Thompson
1987:
1979:
1971:
1967:J. D. Mayfield
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1804:Samuel J. Bush
1800:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1740:George Meadows
1736:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1628:Alexander Boyd
1624:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1556:Josefa Segovia
1552:
1544:
1535:
1533:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1402:(November 2–3)
1397:
1394:Macon, Georgia
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1326:(September 29)
1321:
1315:
1314:(September 10)
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1279:(August 30–31)
1274:
1273:(August 27–29)
1268:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1048:New London, CT
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
995:
989:
983:
977:
974:Milan, Georgia
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
934:
931:
930:
927:
920:
919:
916:
915:
913:
912:
906:
900:
893:
890:
889:
886:
879:
878:
875:
874:
872:
871:
865:
858:
855:
854:
851:
844:
843:
840:
839:
833:
830:
829:
826:
819:
818:
813:
811:
810:
803:
796:
788:
782:
781:
748:
707:
674:
665:
646:
643:
641:
640:
628:
624:Maclean's 1919
616:
601:
597:McWhirter 2011
583:
581:
578:
577:
576:
571:
566:
559:
556:
532:Main article:
529:
526:
502:
499:
488:
487:
484:
483:
477:
474:Wilmington, DE
471:
465:
464:(November 2–3)
459:
456:Macon, Georgia
453:
447:
441:
435:
434:(September 29)
429:
423:
422:(September 10)
417:
411:
410:(August 30–31)
405:
404:(August 27–29)
399:
393:
387:
384:
378:
372:
365:
364:
360:
359:
353:
347:
341:
335:
329:
323:
317:
311:
305:
299:
293:
287:
281:
275:
269:
263:
257:
251:
245:
239:
233:
226:
225:
221:
220:
217:New London, CT
214:
208:
202:
196:
193:
187:
181:
178:New London, CT
175:
169:
166:Milan, Georgia
163:
157:
151:
148:Charleston, SC
145:
139:
133:
127:
121:
114:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:
97:
95:
94:
87:
80:
72:
64:
63:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3967:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3815:Silent Parade
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3754:Hang 'Em High
3751:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3514:Strange Fruit
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3486:Father Divine
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:Jim Crow laws
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3180:Walker family
3178:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2911:
2907:
2891:
2890:Ahmaud Arbery
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2866:Yusef Hawkins
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2842:Betty Gardner
2839:
2835:
2834:Marian Pyszko
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2818:Carol Jenkins
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2802:Vernon Dahmer
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2730:George W. Lee
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2583:James Cameron
2580:
2576:
2575:George Hughes
2572:
2568:
2567:J. C. Collins
2564:
2560:
2559:Leonard Woods
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2495:Owen Flemming
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2447:Fred N. Selak
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2295:George Taylor
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2271:Robert Prager
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2255:Charles Jones
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:"Mose" Creole
2068:
2064:
2063:Matthew Chase
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2031:William Burns
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:Fred Rochelle
1932:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:F. W. Stewart
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1884:John Anderson
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1820:Alfred Blount
1817:
1813:
1812:John Peterson
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
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1669:
1668:Michael Green
1665:
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1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:Henry Plummer
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1564:Pancho Daniel
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
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1420:(November 22)
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1414:(November 13)
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1408:(November 11)
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1381:
1377:
1366:
1363:
1361:(October 1–2)
1360:
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1192:
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1177:
1174:
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1168:
1167:Gilmer, Texas
1165:
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869:
866:
863:
862:Pace, Florida
860:
859:
856:
849:
845:
836:
831:
824:
820:
816:
809:
804:
802:
797:
795:
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757:
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749:
738:
734:
730:
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712:
708:
697:
693:
689:
688:
683:
679:
675:
668:
666:9781429972932
662:
658:
654:
649:
648:
644:
637:
632:
629:
625:
620:
617:
614:, p. 14.
613:
608:
606:
602:
599:, p. 53.
598:
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579:
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541:
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514:
513:
508:
500:
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496:
482:(November 22)
481:
478:
476:(November 13)
475:
472:
470:(November 11)
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
446:(October 1–2)
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
390:New York City
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
366:
362:
361:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
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336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
296:New York City
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
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119:
116:
115:
111:
110:
106:
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93:
88:
86:
81:
79:
74:
73:
70:
62:
61:United States
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
36:
31:
28:
23:
3861:
3853:
3841:
3832:Sundown town
3824:
3792:
3784:
3771:
3764:
3752:
3745:
3734:The Clansman
3732:
3725:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3520:Ida B. Wells
3508:Paul Robeson
3413:Ku Klux Klan
3359:James Chaney
3349:Anniston, AL
2973:Plummer Gang
2928:Joseph Smith
2826:Henry Marrow
2786:Frank Morris
2714:Willie Earle
2623:Cordie Cheek
2551:Henry Choate
2471:Dan Anderson
2431:Raymond Byrd
2415:Samuel Smith
2367:Willie Baird
2247:Frank Little
2239:Paulo Boleta
2167:Robert Perry
2143:Mary Jackson
2103:King Johnson
2055:James Hodges
1975:George White
1959:Walker Davis
1860:Jacob Henson
1788:Robert Lewis
1748:Ellen Watson
1636:Jim Williams
1612:Wyatt Outlaw
1418:Bogalusa, LA
1396:(November 2)
1367:(October 31)
1173:Newberry, SC
1139:(July 19–24)
1109:(July 10–12)
979:
950:Philadelphia
837:(February 8)
773:. Retrieved
759:
740:. Retrieved
718:
699:. Retrieved
685:
652:
645:Bibliography
631:
619:
537:
518:
511:
504:
494:
492:
480:Bogalusa, LA
458:(November 2)
452:(October 31)
356:Syracuse, NY
350:Philadelphia
320:Newberry, SC
292:(July 19–24)
262:(July 10–12)
260:Longview, TX
242:Philadelphia
171:
142:Philadelphia
112:April – June
48:May 27, 1919
25:Part of the
3864:(1999 film)
3748:(1936 film)
3627:James Rolph
3529:Legislation
3492:Flag Salute
2932:Hyrum Smith
2778:Lemuel Penn
2770:Louis Allen
2738:Emmett Till
2722:Lamar Smith
2698:Recy Taylor
2631:Claude Neal
2479:Will Sherod
2463:John Carter
2439:James Clark
2391:Henry Lowry
2263:Ell Persons
2151:Rob Edwards
2127:Will Porter
1983:David Wyatt
1951:George Ward
1828:Henry Smith
1724:Amos Miller
1708:Eliza Woods
1644:David Jones
1588:Bill Sketoe
1572:Joshua Boyd
1532:Before 1900
1285:(August 31)
1267:(August 22)
1261:(August 21)
982:(May 27–28)
416:(August 31)
398:(August 22)
392:(August 21)
369:Whatley, AL
302:Norfolk, VA
174:(May 27–28)
124:Jenkins, GA
3915:Red Summer
3909:Categories
3878:Categories
3805:Red Summer
3498:N.A.A.C.P.
3423:Red Shirts
3255:Red Summer
2794:James Reeb
2666:Felix Hall
2658:After 1940
2407:Joe Pullen
2375:Roy Belton
2327:Will Brown
2231:Jeff Brown
2191:John Evans
2175:? Anderson
2079:"Pie" Hill
2047:Jim Miller
2023:Slab Pitts
2015:Ed Johnson
1852:Amos Hicks
1772:Dick Lundy
1764:Jim Taylor
1447:Red Summer
1437:Categories
1265:Austin, TX
1252:(August 4)
1246:(August 3)
1240:(August 1)
911:(April 14)
905:(April 13)
899:(April 10)
870:(March 14)
864:(March 12)
580:References
534:Red Summer
450:Corbin, KY
438:Elaine, AR
396:Austin, TX
383:(August 4)
377:(August 3)
371:(August 1)
230:Bisbee, AZ
132:(April 14)
126:(April 13)
120:(April 10)
100:Red Summer
27:Red Summer
3795:(musical)
2511:Joe Smith
2455:Tom Payne
2423:L. Q. Ivy
2351:Jay Lynch
2199:Leo Frank
1927:1900–1940
1400:Ocoee, FL
1302:September
1211:(July 31)
1205:(July 31)
1199:(July 31)
1193:(July 28)
1181:(July 26)
1175:(July 24)
1169:(July 24)
1163:(July 23)
1157:(July 23)
1151:(July 21)
1145:(July 20)
1133:(July 15)
1127:(July 15)
1121:(July 14)
1115:(July 11)
1050:(June 29)
1044:(June 27)
1038:(June 27)
1032:(June 18)
1021:Macon, MS
946:(May 5–6)
729:1553-8095
696:0024-9262
678:Maclean's
528:Aftermath
462:Ocoee, FL
444:Baltimore
408:Knoxville
358:(July 31)
352:(July 31)
346:(July 31)
340:(July 28)
328:(July 26)
322:(July 24)
316:(July 23)
314:Darby, PA
310:(July 23)
304:(July 21)
298:(July 20)
286:(July 15)
280:(July 15)
274:(July 14)
268:(July 11)
266:Baltimore
219:(June 29)
213:(June 27)
207:(June 27)
205:Annapolis
201:(June 18)
190:Macon, MS
3862:Vendetta
3398:Lynching
3369:) (1964)
2934:) (1844)
1908:Sam Hose
1384:November
1103:(July 9)
1097:(July 8)
1091:(July 7)
1085:(July 6)
1079:(July 3)
1023:(June 7)
994:(May 31)
988:(May 30)
976:(May 26)
970:(May 21)
964:(May 10)
958:(May 10)
827:February
775:July 19,
770:13502337
701:July 19,
558:See also
507:Eatonton
256:(July 9)
250:(July 8)
244:(July 7)
238:(July 6)
232:(July 3)
192:(June 7)
186:(May 31)
180:(May 30)
168:(May 26)
162:(May 21)
156:(May 10)
150:(May 10)
53:Location
3391:General
1780:Joe Coe
1652:Jo Reed
1349:October
952:(May 9)
940:(May 5)
742:July 5,
737:1645522
332:Chicago
144:(May 9)
138:(May 5)
3793:Parade
3781:(1965)
3656:Memory
3375:(1964)
3351:(1961)
3345:(1952)
3335:(1946)
3329:(1945)
3323:(1943)
3317:(1937)
3311:(1933)
3305:(1932)
3299:(1930)
3293:(1927)
3287:(1923)
3281:(1922)
3275:(1921)
3269:(1920)
3263:(1920)
3257:(1919)
3241:(1919)
3235:(1919)
3229:(1919)
3223:(1918)
3217:(1917)
3211:(1916)
3205:(1912)
3199:(1911)
3193:(1910)
3182:(1908)
3176:(1906)
3165:(1905)
3159:(1899)
3153:(1898)
3147:(1898)
3141:(1898)
3135:(1897)
3129:(1892)
3123:(1892)
3117:(1891)
3111:(1880)
3105:(1879)
3099:(1879)
3093:(1878)
3087:(1878)
3081:(1876)
3075:(1876)
3069:(1876)
3063:(1874)
3051:(1873)
3045:(1871)
3034:(1868)
3028:(1868)
3022:(1868)
3016:(1868)
3010:(1868)
3004:(1868)
2998:(1868)
2987:(1866)
2981:(1866)
2975:(1864)
2969:(1864)
2963:(1863)
2952:(1863)
2946:(1862)
2940:(1858)
2892:(2020)
2884:(2011)
2876:(1998)
2868:(1989)
2860:(1981)
2852:(1979)
2844:(1978)
2836:(1975)
2828:(1970)
2820:(1968)
2812:(1967)
2804:(1966)
2796:(1965)
2788:(1964)
2780:(1964)
2772:(1964)
2764:(1959)
2756:(1957)
2748:(1957)
2740:(1955)
2732:(1955)
2724:(1955)
2716:(1947)
2708:(1946)
2700:(1944)
2692:(1944)
2684:(1943)
2676:(1943)
2668:(1941)
2649:(1940)
2641:(1940)
2633:(1934)
2625:(1933)
2617:(1933)
2609:(1932)
2601:(1931)
2593:(1931)
2585:(1930)
2577:(1930)
2569:(1928)
2561:(1927)
2553:(1927)
2545:(1927)
2537:(1927)
2529:(1927)
2521:(1927)
2513:(1927)
2505:(1927)
2497:(1927)
2489:(1927)
2481:(1927)
2473:(1927)
2465:(1927)
2457:(1927)
2449:(1926)
2441:(1926)
2433:(1926)
2425:(1925)
2417:(1924)
2409:(1923)
2401:(1922)
2393:(1921)
2385:(1921)
2377:(1920)
2369:(1920)
2361:(1919)
2353:(1919)
2345:(1919)
2337:(1919)
2329:(1919)
2321:(1919)
2313:(1918)
2305:(1918)
2297:(1918)
2289:(1918)
2281:(1918)
2273:(1918)
2265:(1917)
2257:(1917)
2249:(1917)
2241:(1916)
2233:(1916)
2225:(1916)
2217:(1916)
2209:(1915)
2201:(1915)
2193:(1914)
2185:(1914)
2177:(1913)
2169:(1913)
2161:(1912)
2153:(1912)
2145:(1912)
2137:(1911)
2129:(1911)
2121:(1911)
2113:(1911)
2105:(1911)
2097:(1910)
2089:(1909)
2081:(1909)
2073:(1909)
2065:(1909)
2057:(1909)
2049:(1909)
2041:(1907)
2033:(1907)
2025:(1906)
2017:(1906)
2009:(1906)
2001:(1904)
1993:(1904)
1985:(1903)
1977:(1903)
1969:(1903)
1961:(1903)
1953:(1901)
1945:(1901)
1937:(1901)
1918:(1899)
1910:(1899)
1902:(1898)
1894:(1898)
1886:(1898)
1878:(1897)
1870:(1897)
1862:(1896)
1854:(1894)
1846:(1894)
1838:(1894)
1830:(1893)
1822:(1893)
1814:(1893)
1806:(1893)
1798:(1892)
1790:(1892)
1782:(1891)
1774:(1891)
1766:(1891)
1758:(1890)
1750:(1889)
1742:(1889)
1734:(1889)
1726:(1888)
1718:(1886)
1710:(1886)
1702:(1884)
1694:(1882)
1686:(1881)
1678:(1879)
1670:(1878)
1662:(1877)
1654:(1875)
1646:(1872)
1638:(1871)
1630:(1870)
1622:(1870)
1614:(1870)
1606:(1868)
1598:(1864)
1590:(1864)
1582:(1864)
1574:(1863)
1566:(1858)
1558:(1851)
1550:(1837)
1542:(1836)
1228:August
768:
735:
727:
694:
663:
3339:Harry
887:April
852:March
426:Omaha
3836:list
3746:Fury
3428:Jews
3341:and
3057:(AL)
1067:July
1011:June
777:2019
766:OCLC
744:2019
733:OCLC
725:ISSN
703:2019
692:ISSN
661:ISBN
550:and
493:The
224:July
45:Date
928:May
3911::
3365:,
3361:,
2930:,
758:.
731:.
717:.
684:.
659:.
655:.
604:^
587:^
509:.
59:,
3838:)
3834:(
3712:"
3708:"
3516:"
3512:"
3494:"
3490:"
3357:(
2926:(
1500:e
1493:t
1486:v
807:e
800:t
793:v
779:.
746:.
705:.
669:.
638:.
91:e
84:t
77:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
