892:
908:
670:
443:
697:, as well as other snakes. Pygmy rattlesnakes also include giant desert centipedes in their diet, which they hunt by active pursuit, grabbing and flipping the centipedes around while simultaneously injecting venom to prevent injury by the victim. They also ambush lizards such as skinks by using their tails as lures, as is common in many other species of vipers. Caudal luring becomes less effective for adults, as the prey size and type changes. Their feeding strategy becomes sit-and-wait, with individuals remaining in a coiled position for days at a time. Pygmy rattlesnakes may change their foraging behaviors, such as prestrike, strike, and poststrike, to be most suitable for the prey item they are going after.
220:
44:
547:
631:. Species are listed as such due to their wide distribution, presumed large population, or because the population is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. The population trend is stable; it was assessed in 2007. This species is not protected by South Carolina or Georgia state law, but pygmy rattlesnakes are protected in North Carolina and Tennessee. Snake fungal disease (SFD) is caused by the fungus
88:
635: and its documentation in pygmy rattlesnakes has risen sharply in the past decade being a major cause of death. Snakes with the disease are usually subject to poor body condition and experience a decrease in reproductive success. Though prevalent among the species, pygmy rattlesnakes have been seen to overcome snake fungal disease in the field. Even affected females have been found to still give birth to viable young.
876:
63:
522:
spotted rattler, spotted rattlesnake, southern rattlesnake. Older common names might include bastard rattlesnake, nipple snake, Carolina ground rattlesnake, brick red rattlesnake, Carolina pygmy rattlesnake, Catesby's small snake, dwarf rattlesnake, eastern pygmy rattlesnake, grey rattlesnake, and ground rattler (
521:
include pygmy rattlesnake, ground rattlesnake, hog-nosed rattlesnake, little rattlesnake, miliar(y) rattlesnake, North
American smaller rattlesnake, oak-leaf rattler, pygmy ground rattlesnake, small rattlesnake, southeastern ground rattlesnake, southern ground rattlesnake, southern pygmy rattlesnake,
646:
is usually seen in the summer sunning itself or crossing the road late in the day. The tiny rattle makes a buzzing sound that can only be heard from a few feet away. The unusually small rattles of the pygmy rattlesnake is suggestive of the early stages of rattle evolution. Some individuals are very
508:
usually number 23. The dorsal pattern consists of a series of oval or subcircular spots with somewhat regular edges. The spots on the flanks are mostly round and not much higher than they are wide. Belly pigmentation towards the rear is more limited to indistinct blotches found on pairs of adjacent
891:
907:
661:). These snakes typically don't move far from their "home burrows" and studies have shown that males may move farther than females. Pygmy Rattlesnakes are generally solitary but become social only during the breeding season.
647:
aggressive and strike furiously, while others seem lethargic and do not even attempt to rattle. Some research has shown that a larger portion of these rattlesnakes are usually reluctant to bite. It does not dig its own
457:
is a small species but bulky when it comes to width, with adults usually growing to 40–60 cm (16–24 in) in total length (including tail). The maximum reported total length is 78.8 cm (31.0 in)
1283:
1268:
Lind, C. M., McCoy, C. M., & Farrell, T. M. (2018). Tracking
Outcomes of Snake Fungal Disease in Free-ranging Pygmy Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 54(2), 352–356.
2212:
1600:"Prey Species Influences Foraging Behaviors: Rattlesnake ( Sistrurus miliarius ) Predation on Little Brown Skinks ( Scincella lateralis ) and Giant Centipedes ( Scolopendra viridis )"
2118:
501:. It is currently theorized that the lack of sexual dimorphism in the species is due to the fact that both males and females experience selective pressures to be of a larger size.
1522:
1816:
Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio
Duodecima, Reformata
2022:
2074:
2192:
669:
509:
scales. Juveniles' color patterns are similar to the adults, although they may be paler or more vividly marked, and the tips of their tails are yellow.
442:
1718:
1282:
Lind, Craig M.; Clark, Amber; Smiley-Walters, Sarah A.; Taylor, Daniel R.; Isidoro-Ayza, Marcos; Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Farrell, Terence M. (2019-10-02).
1996:
2164:
2035:
1785:. (With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company. Frontispeice map + viii + 163 pp. + Plates A-C, 1-32. (
2207:
1586:
Interactions
Between Pigmy Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus Miliarius) and a Suite of Prey Species: A Study of Prey Behavior and Variable Venom Toxicity
1041:. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a Division of Cornell University Press. (7th printing, 1985). 1,105 pp. (in two volumes).
1841:
1801:
1228:
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2222:
1532:
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875:
736:, which is used to prevent clotting during a heart attack. The venom is somewhat different in that it contains substantial amounts of
1893:
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1417:
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1186:
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1011:
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2040:
538:
is derived from Latin and means millet or millet-like, perhaps referring to the blotched patterns described in the species.
1767:. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (
1476:
1825:
830:
1284:"Interactive Effects of Food Supplementation and Snake Fungal Disease on Pregnant Pygmy Rattlesnakes and Their Offspring"
1069:
1774:
1729:
1397:
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1527:
821:
586:
427:
87:
1739:
2079:
1778:
1141:"Sexual size monomorphism of a Pygmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius) population in southwestern Missouri, USA"
625:
1961:
1404:. (First Edition published in 1958). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company Boston. xviii + 429 pp. + Plates 1-48.
1760:
1713:
1685:
578:
498:
479:
459:
351:
1873:
1923:
1851:
582:
1765:
Catalogue of the Snakes in the
British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the ... Viperidæ
1692:. (First published in 1956, 1972). Berkeley: University of California Press. 1,476 pp. (in two volumes).
1114:
304:
192:
999:
1983:
1855:
995:
786:
1834:
Peterson Field Guide to
Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition
219:
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991:
657:
470:
measuring 80.3 cm (31.6 in), but it had been in captivity for over 12 years. The largest
257:
52:
43:
2066:
1366:
486:(1978) suggested that in some populations, males may be larger than females, but a later study by
2197:
1567:
965:
227:
82:
1783:
What Snake Is That? A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky
Mountains
1140:
546:
2027:
382:
pygmy rattlesnake, eastern pygmy rattlesnake, ground rattlesnake, leaf rattler, death rattler,
2100:
1970:
1889:
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1303:
1182:
1160:
1122:
1042:
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1007:
494:
487:
463:
291:
2128:
1402:
A Field Guide to
Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition
2113:
2105:
1611:
1559:
1451:
1334:
1295:
1152:
1088:
May, Peter G.; Farrell, Terence M. (2012). ". "Growth patterns of dusky pygmy rattlesnakes (
960:
416:
274:
2053:
1546:
Royal, Ethan J. (4 June 2021). "The
Effects of Prey Species Presence on Pygmy Rattlesnake (
2087:
1733:
1722:
1434:
Glaudas, Xavier; Farrell, Terence M.; May, Peter G. (February 2005). Reeder, T. W. (ed.).
475:
364:
1836:. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, xiv + 494 pp., 47 plates, 207 figures.
1323:"Repeatability of Female Reproductive Traits in Pigmy Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius)"
1903:
1362:
817:
562:
405:
1690:
Rattlesnakes: Their
Habitats, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind, Second Edition
616:. Due to a need for cover pygmy rattlesnakes may prefer more densely vegetated areas.
2186:
2048:
1811:
1571:
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951:
942:
807:
628:
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338:
209:
72:
67:
1908:
Reptiles and Amphibians: A Guide to Familiar American Species: A Golden Nature Guide
1435:
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1975:
1747:
776:
733:
1209:
1506:
17:
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2009:
1955:
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Movement and Life History Aspects of the Pygmy Rattlesnake in Southwest Missouri
794:
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325:
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851:
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729:
609:
570:
431:
412:
1946:
1726:
1623:
1598:
Farrell, Terence M.; Smiley-Walters, Sarah A.; McColl, Diane E. (June 2018).
1463:
1346:
1307:
1246:"Species Profile: Pigmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius) | SREL Herpetology"
1245:
1164:
1794:
A Guide to the Rattlesnakes and other Venomous Serpents of the United States
859:
847:
737:
721:
714:
601:
419:
409:
169:
99:
1647:. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 870 pp. 1,500 plates.
1599:
1121:. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 870 pp. 1,500 plates.
2092:
1004:
Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1
2149:
1940:
1563:
1371:
The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians
1211:
The Spatial Ecology and Microhabitat Selection of the Pygmy Rattlesnake (
855:
605:
574:
423:
139:
119:
1455:
1075:
2001:
1322:
1181:. New York: United States Government / Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp.
790:
566:
401:
129:
1789:, pp. 143–145 + Plate 29, figures 84A, 84B; Plate 30, figure 85).
1338:
1270:
2014:
1321:
Farrell, Terence M.; May, Peter G.; Pilgrim, Melissa A. (June 2009).
690:
652:
648:
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is found in the Southeastern United States from southern and eastern
109:
1917:
1615:
1299:
1862:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp., 34 plates, 103 figures. (
710:
613:
159:
149:
478:(1940) was a specimen measuring 63.8 cm (25.1 in) from
694:
686:
1988:
1921:
1636:
Norris R (2004). "Venom Poisoning in North American Reptiles".
1006:. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League.
1492:. Fairfax, Virginia: George Mason University Press. 282 pp.
751:
1910:. Revised Edition. New York: Simon and Schuster. 160 pp. (
1878:
Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification
732:. The venom was the basis for the development of the drug
1523:"Watch What Happens when a Rattlesnake Meets a Centipede"
816:
Extreme southern South Carolina, northwards into eastern
1436:"Defensive Behavior of Free-Ranging Pygmy Rattlesnakes (
824:
and west through central Georgia and central Alabama
1860:
Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada
1373:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp. LCCCN 79-2217.
624:
This species is classified as least concern on the
2139:
1930:
1039:Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada
1198:Palmer, William M. "Sistrurus miliarius." (1978).
785:Extreme southern South Carolina through southern
2213:Endemic fauna of the Southeastern United States
1645:The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere
1119:The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere
1500:
1498:
8:
1358:
1356:
1229:2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)
966:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64347A12772862.en
585:(1953) proposed that this be restricted to "
1385:, pp. 697-698 + Plates 625, 641, 642, 645).
1109:
1107:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1918:
1588:. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017.
1488:Ernst, Carl H.; Barbour, Roger W. (1989).
218:
61:
42:
31:
1796:. Tempe, Arizona: Tricolor Books.129 pp.
1139:Maag, Dylan; Greene, Brian (2023-01-06).
964:
842:Mississippi (except for southeast of the
713:, it is unlikely to be able to deliver a
450:), Wayne County, Missouri (13 April 2018)
1822:, new species, p. 372). (in Latin).
1792:Hubbs, Brian; O'Connor, Brendan (2012).
1681:
1679:
1511:(MSc thesis). Missouri State University.
1393:
1391:
1218:(MSc thesis). Missouri State University.
854:, and north into southeastern Oklahoma,
789:, all of Florida, west through southern
677:), Wayne County, Missouri (16 July 2016)
668:
545:
441:
987:
985:
983:
928:
917:), Wayne Co., Missouri (28 August 2015)
871:
240:
936:
934:
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858:, southern Missouri, and southwestern
1748:Stetson University Biology Department
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
651:, but rather uses those dug by small
7:
1727:University of Texas - Herps of Texas
1424:, pp. 232-233 + Plate 35 + Map 177).
728:and tissue toxic, but devoid of any
2193:IUCN Red List least concern species
1271:https://doi.org/10.7589/2017-05-109
952:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
901:), Hendry Co., Florida (3 May 2013)
612:, and is also found near lakes and
1880:. New York: Golden Press. 239 pp.
1818:. Stockholm: L. Salvius. 532 pp. (
25:
383:
1740:The Pigmy Rattlesnake Homepage (
906:
890:
874:
86:
1866:, pp. 289–290 + Plate 31).
1848:, pp. 443–444 + Plate 46).
1490:Snakes of Eastern North America
1477:Animal Diversity-U. of Michigan
763:
760:
757:
754:
497:of any kind in a population in
1643:Campbell JA, Lamar WW (2004).
1531:. 25 July 2018. Archived from
629:Red List of Threatened Species
466:(1997) reported a specimen of
1:
2208:Reptiles of the United States
1664:Ernst, 1992; Van Mierop, 1976
1505:Holder, Thomas (1988-05-01).
1235:. Accessed 15 September 2007.
1179:Poisonous Snakes of the World
1076:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
448:Sistrurus miliarius streckeri
359:Sistrurus miliarius miliarius
1750:. Accessed 30 November 2006.
1736:. Accessed 30 November 2006.
1090:Sistrurus miliarius barbouri
881:Carolina pygmy rattlesnake (
2218:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1584:Smiley-Walters, Sarah Ann.
1528:National Geographic Society
1479:(Downloaded Feb. 18, 2010.)
913:Western pygmy rattlesnake (
813:Carolina pygmy rattlesnake
685:includes small mammals and
673:Western pygmy rattlesnake (
565:, south through peninsular
446:Western pygmy rattlesnake (
2239:
2223:Reptiles described in 1766
1215:) in Southwestern Missouri
1208:Maag, Dylan (2017-12-01).
839:Western pygmy rattlesnake
709:is unable to produce much
587:Charleston, South Carolina
434:are currently recognized.
428:Southeastern United States
1157:10.1163/15685381-bja10122
1094:Herpetological Monographs
1092:) from central Florida".
897:Dusky pygmy rattlesnake (
633:Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola
550:Dusky pygmy rattlesnake (
233:
226:
217:
198:
191:
83:Scientific classification
81:
59:
50:
41:
34:
1078:. Accessed 2 April 2024.
941:Hammerson, G.A. (2007).
782:Dusky pygmy rattlesnake
504:At midbody, the rows of
2203:Snakes of North America
1552:Southeastern Naturalist
1550:) Foraging Behaviors".
724:venom that is strongly
499:Volusia County, Florida
480:St. Petersburg, Florida
462:, 1972). Snellings and
299:Crotalophorus miliarius
1604:Journal of Herpetology
1327:Journal of Herpetology
1288:Journal of Herpetology
678:
555:
451:
396:, commonly called the
1914:, pp. 110, 156).
959:: e.T64347A12772862.
672:
655:or gopher tortoises (
608:, mixed forests, and
581:given is "Carolina".
549:
445:
1900:, pp. 202–203).
1771:, pp. 569–570).
1564:10.1656/058.020.0211
720:This snake produces
600:reportedly inhabits
493:(1996) did not find
415:(pit vipers) of the
1962:Sistrurus miliarius
1932:Sistrurus miliarius
1912:Sistrurus miliarius
1906:, Smith HM (1956).
1898:Sistrurus miliarius
1864:Sistrurus miliarius
1846:Sistrurus miliarius
1806:Sistrurus miliarius
1787:Sistrurus miliarius
1769:Sistrurus miliarius
1742:Sistrurus miliarius
1715:Sistrurus miliarius
1548:Sistrurus miliarius
1456:10.1643/CH-03-253R1
1438:Sistrurus miliarius
1422:Sistrurus miliarius
1383:Sistrurus miliarius
1213:Sistrurus miliarius
1071:Sistrurus miliarius
1051:Sistrurus miliarius
945:Sistrurus miliarius
658:Gopherus polyphemus
620:Conservation status
598:Sistrurus miliarius
534:The specific name,
393:Sistrurus miliarius
346:Sistrurus miliarius
258:Palisot de Beauvois
202:Sistrurus miliarius
53:Conservation status
36:Sistrurus miliarius
2141:Crotalus miliarius
1820:Crotalus miliarius
1808:, pp. 78–85).
1732:2012-07-17 at the
1721:2016-03-04 at the
1177:U.S. Navy (1991).
844:Pearl River Valley
717:to a human adult.
679:
556:
452:
252:Crotalus miliarius
27:Species of reptile
2180:
2179:
2101:Open Tree of Life
1924:Taxon identifiers
1842:978-0-544-12997-9
1802:978-0-9754641-3-7
1535:on July 26, 2018.
1339:10.1670/08-191r.1
1145:Amphibia-Reptilia
1053:, pp. 1052-1061).
865:
864:
793:and southeastern
764:Geographic range
517:Common names for
495:sexual dimorphism
422:. The species is
398:pygmy rattlesnake
375:
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184:S. miliarius
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18:Pygmy rattlesnake
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1896:(hardcover). (
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1708:External links
1706:
1703:
1702:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1629:
1616:10.1670/16-094
1610:(2): 156–161.
1590:
1577:
1558:(2): 338–344.
1538:
1514:
1494:
1481:
1469:
1450:(1): 196–200.
1426:
1420:(paperback). (
1387:
1352:
1333:(2): 332–335.
1313:
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1170:
1151:(1): 103–105.
1131:
1103:
1080:
1055:
1016:
979:
927:
926:
924:
921:
920:
919:
912:
905:
903:
899:S. m. barbouri
896:
889:
887:
880:
873:
869:
866:
863:
862:
840:
837:
834:
826:
825:
818:North Carolina
814:
811:
804:
798:
797:
783:
780:
774:
771:S. m. barbouri
766:
765:
762:
759:
756:
749:
746:
702:
699:
666:
663:
640:
637:
621:
618:
594:
591:
563:North Carolina
552:S. m. barbouri
543:
540:
531:
528:
514:
511:
472:S. m. barbouri
468:S. m. barbouri
439:
436:
406:venomous snake
389:
388:
373:
372:
370:
369:
356:
343:
330:
309:
296:
279:
262:
249:
247:Linnaeus, 1766
236:
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2235:
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2209:
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2171:
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2157:
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2130:
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2098:
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2059:
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2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1894:0-307-47009-1
1891:
1888:(paperback),
1887:
1886:0-307-13666-3
1883:
1879:
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1707:
1699:
1698:0-520-21056-5
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1653:0-8014-4141-2
1650:
1646:
1642:
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1633:
1630:
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1621:
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1613:
1609:
1605:
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1594:
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1587:
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1573:
1569:
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1561:
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1518:
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1510:
1509:
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1478:
1473:
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1465:
1461:
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1449:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:0-395-19977-8
1415:
1412:(hardcover),
1411:
1410:0-395-19979-4
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:0-394-50824-6
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1348:
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1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1265:
1262:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1233:IUCN Red List
1230:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1187:0-486-26629-X
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:0-8014-4141-2
1124:
1120:
1116:
1113:Campbell JA,
1110:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:0-8014-0463-0
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:1-893777-00-6
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
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988:
986:
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967:
962:
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948:
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828:
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803:
800:
799:
796:
792:
788:
784:
781:
778:
775:
773:
772:
768:
767:
758:Taxon author
753:
747:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
700:
698:
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688:
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671:
664:
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627:
619:
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592:
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588:
584:
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579:type locality
576:
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553:
548:
541:
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512:
510:
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477:
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469:
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429:
425:
421:
418:
414:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:
387:
385:
381:
380:Common names:
377:
376:
366:
360:
357:
353:
347:
344:
340:
334:
331:
327:
321:
317:
316:Crotalophorus
313:
310:
306:
300:
297:
293:
287:
283:
280:
276:
270:
266:
263:
259:
253:
250:
244:
241:
232:
229:
225:
221:
216:
211:
205:
203:
197:
194:
193:Binomial name
190:
186:
185:
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176:
173:
172:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
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144:
141:
138:
135:
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131:
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121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
89:
84:
80:
74:
69:
68:Least Concern
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2140:
1931:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1877:
1874:Brodie ED Jr
1863:
1859:
1845:
1833:
1828:, Conant R,
1819:
1815:
1805:
1793:
1786:
1782:
1768:
1764:
1761:Boulenger GA
1741:
1714:
1689:
1669:
1660:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1533:the original
1526:
1517:
1507:
1489:
1484:
1472:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1401:
1382:
1370:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1264:
1253:. Retrieved
1249:
1240:
1224:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1194:
1178:
1173:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1118:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1070:
1050:
1038:
1003:
992:McDiarmid RW
970:. Retrieved
956:
950:
944:
914:
898:
882:
836:Gloyd, 1935
829:
801:
769:
761:Common name
740:and related
734:eptifibatide
719:
707:S. miliarius
706:
704:
683:S. miliarius
682:
681:The diet of
680:
674:
656:
644:S. miliarius
643:
642:
632:
623:
597:
596:
569:and west to
559:S. miliarius
558:
557:
551:
535:
533:
519:S. miliarius
518:
516:
513:Common names
503:
490:
474:reported by
471:
467:
455:S. miliarius
454:
453:
447:
397:
392:
391:
390:
379:
378:
358:
345:
332:
319:
315:
311:
298:
285:
281:
268:
264:
251:
242:
201:
199:
183:
182:
170:
35:
29:
2062:NatureServe
2010:iNaturalist
1956:Wikispecies
1673:Welsh, 1967
996:Campbell JA
822:Hyde County
795:Mississippi
755:Subspecies
744:compounds.
730:neurotoxins
726:hemorrhagic
610:floodplains
438:Description
2187:Categories
2156:Q109507068
1852:Schmidt KP
1830:Collins JT
1812:Linnaeus C
1686:Klauber LM
1294:(4): 282.
1255:2022-04-28
923:References
852:East Texas
820:as far as
748:Subspecies
742:tryptamine
715:fatal bite
571:East Texas
536:miliarius,
432:subspecies
413:Crotalinae
146:Suborder:
2198:Sistrurus
2119:miliarius
1779:Bridges W
1624:0022-1511
1572:236290982
1464:0045-8511
1363:Behler JL
1347:0022-1511
1308:0022-1511
1165:0173-5373
1035:Wright AA
1031:Wright AH
860:Tennessee
848:Louisiana
738:serotonin
722:cytotoxic
606:sandhills
602:flatwoods
530:Etymology
526:, 1887).
420:Viperidae
410:subfamily
352:Boulenger
333:miliarius
320:miliarius
292:Fitzinger
269:miliarius
243:miliarius
178:Species:
171:Sistrurus
160:Viperidae
150:Serpentes
106:Kingdom:
100:Eukaryota
2150:Wikidata
2067:2.106160
2028:10364476
1941:Wikidata
1876:(1982).
1870:Smith HM
1858:(1941).
1856:Davis DD
1832:(2016).
1826:Powell R
1814:(1766).
1781:(1939).
1775:Conant R
1763:(1896).
1730:Archived
1719:Archived
1688:(1997).
1400:(1975).
1398:Conant R
1369:(1979).
1117:(2004).
1115:Lamar WW
1100:: 58–79.
1037:(1957).
1002:(1999).
856:Arkansas
810:, 1766)
808:Linnaeus
639:Behavior
575:Oklahoma
430:. Three
305:Holbrook
286:miliaria
228:Synonyms
210:Linnaeus
156:Family:
140:Squamata
130:Reptilia
120:Chordata
116:Phylum:
110:Animalia
96:Domain:
73:IUCN 3.1
2129:8057663
2002:2444222
1947:Q244192
1367:King FW
1231:at the
1074:at the
1000:Touré T
972:2 April
868:Gallery
791:Alabama
787:Georgia
779:, 1935
691:lizards
665:Feeding
653:rodents
649:burrows
614:marshes
593:Habitat
583:Schmidt
567:Florida
464:Collins
460:Klauber
426:to the
424:endemic
408:in the
402:species
400:, is a
212:, 1766)
166:Genus:
136:Order:
126:Class:
71: (
2170:209506
2126:uBio:
2106:755875
2093:103245
2041:174302
1989:790628
1904:Zim HS
1892:
1884:
1840:
1800:
1696:
1651:
1622:
1570:
1462:
1444:Copeia
1416:
1408:
1377:
1345:
1306:
1185:
1163:
1125:
1045:
1010:
705:Since
577:. The
524:Garman
491:et al.
488:Bishop
417:family
367:, 1935
354:, 1896
341:, 1884
339:Garman
328:, 1863
307:, 1842
294:, 1826
277:, 1825
260:, 1799
2054:64347
2023:IRMNG
2015:30983
1976:4XRS4
1568:S2CID
850:into
777:Gloyd
711:venom
701:Venom
695:frogs
687:birds
484:Shine
476:Gloyd
365:Gloyd
2165:ITIS
2080:8758
2075:NCBI
2049:IUCN
2036:ITIS
1997:GBIF
1890:ISBN
1882:ISBN
1838:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1620:ISSN
1460:ISSN
1448:2005
1414:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1343:ISSN
1304:ISSN
1183:ISBN
1161:ISSN
1123:ISBN
1098:26.1
1043:ISBN
1008:ISBN
974:2024
957:2007
626:IUCN
573:and
384:more
275:Gray
237:List
1984:EoL
1971:CoL
1844:. (
1804:. (
1746:at
1725:at
1612:doi
1560:doi
1452:doi
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1986::
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1958::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
