318:(SVL) and is a flat-bodied, squat lizard with short (but not sharp) spikes crowning the head. It has a "snub-nosed" side profile compared to the sleeker snouts of many lizards, and relatively short legs. The trunk is fringed by one row of pointed scales, while the belly scales are smooth. Their colour is greyish-beige, yellowish, or reddish-brown, depending on seasonality and region. Additionally, there are two rows of larger, dark spots on the back. When ready to mate, or threatened or reacting defensively, this species' colours become more intense (commonly known as "fired-up") and, like all horned lizards, the pygmy short-horned lizard has the ability to squirt blood from its eyes in an effort confuse or scare predators.
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from Canada). When placed together, the two are easily distinguished at maturity, as the pygmy short-horned lizard is considerably smaller. The greater short-horned lizard is a highly variable species, as well, with different geographic populations exhibiting differences in colouration and
297:
evidence was revealed, the greater short-horned lizard was considered to be the same species as the pygmy short-horned lizard, but the two are now considered distinct, with the pygmy species occupying the northwest portion of the U.S. and, formerly, the extreme south of
349:(89% of their diet), while it has been documented that mature lizards consume fewer ants (around 72% or the diet). Yearlings, perhaps in an "experimental" phase, consume the lowest proportion of ants (60%), supplementing their diets with various
435:
Within its family, given that its habitat often freezes during winter, the pygmy short-horned lizard is known as a unique species that tolerates lower temperatures better than others, thus it can inhabit
385:. They may also browse on plant matter. Overall, throughout their lives, pygmy short-horned lizards always consume ants, though total quantities of a particular prey species will vary seasonally.
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293:, as both species have much of the same physiology, such as a squat body and small, "horn"-like, pointed scales located along the head, back and side body. Until recent
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239:. Like other horned lizards, it is often called a "horned toad" or "horny toad," but it is not a
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California
Natural History Guides. Oakland, California: University of California Press. 191 pp.
314:
The pygmy short-horned lizard measures roughly 1.25–2.5 in (3.2–6.4 cm) from snout-to-
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329:, Canada, according to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC).
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637:(April 2008). "Ecology and ontogenetic variation of diet in the pigmy short-horned lizard (
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varies from region to region, by seasonal availability, and by an individual's age or sex;
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677:"Cold-Blooded and Cold-Tolerant: Finding Reptiles In the North Cascades Ecosystem"
574:. The Peterson Field Guide Series. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
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patterning, in addition to overall size; some authorities describe up to five
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The pygmy short-horned lizard is often mistaken for its close relative, the
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A Field Guide to
Western Reptiles and Amphibians: Third Edition
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10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[327:EAOVOD]2.0.CO;2
704:, brought from the Columbia River by Mr. Douglass ".
325:
of pygmy short-horned lizard is a species at risk in
758:
512:Introduction to Horned Lizards of North America.
706:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London
546:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
440:not generally accessible to related species.
8:
605:"Phrynosoma douglassi (Short-horned lizard)"
503:
501:
499:
473:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64075A12741891.en
231:. The species is native to the northwestern
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345:and hatchlings feed almost exclusively on
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700:(1828). "Description of a new Species of
570:", pp. 303–304 + Plate 34 + Map 101. in
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7:
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1003:IUCN Red List least concern species
1023:Fauna of the Western United States
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544:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
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467:Red List of Threatened Species
1:
1018:Reptiles of the United States
538:; Grayson, Michael. (2011). "
643:American Midland Naturalist
287:greater short-horned lizard
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1028:Reptiles described in 1828
420:, and potentially larger,
235:and adjacent southwestern
24:Pygmy short-horned lizard
740:Pygmy short-horned lizard
603:Cossel Jr., John (1997).
493:www.reptile-database.org.
394:long-nosed leopard lizard
208:pygmy short-horned lizard
185:
178:
70:Scientific classification
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37:
28:
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1013:Lizards of North America
681:North Cascades Institute
711:: 105–107 + Plate X. ("
609:Idaho State University
715:", new species). (in
639:Phrynosoma douglasii)
804:Phrynosoma_douglasii
790:Phrynosoma douglasii
760:Phrynosoma douglasii
568:Phrynosoma douglasii
491:The Reptile Database
486:Phrynosoma douglasii
461:Phrynosoma douglasii
333:Behavior and ecology
213:Phrynosoma douglasii
189:Phrynosoma douglasii
540:Phrynosoma douglasi
508:Sherbrooke, Wade C.
40:Conservation status
564:Stebbins, Robert C
990:
989:
952:Open Tree of Life
752:Taxon identifiers
580:978-0-395-98272-3
552:978-1-4214-0135-5
295:mitochondrial DNA
267:, is in honor of
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171:P. douglasii
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16:Species of lizard
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607:. www.ISU.edu (
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261:specific name
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233:United States
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222:horned lizard
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613:. Retrieved
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392:include the
390:P. douglassi
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383:caterpillars
339:P. douglasii
338:
337:The diet of
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321:The eastern
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913:NatureServe
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784:Wikispecies
566:. (2003). "
532:Beolens, Bo
424:-consuming
357:and grubs,
1008:Phrynosoma
997:Categories
444:References
430:kingsnakes
428:, such as
381:and their
375:earthworms
323:subspecies
309:subspecies
304:extirpated
158:Phrynosoma
133:Suborder:
970:douglasii
542:", p. 75
459:(2007). "
351:arachnids
265:douglasii
255:Etymology
249:amphibian
247:, not an
220:of small
165:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
918:2.102494
824:BioLib:
769:Wikidata
663:54206550
510:(2003).
483:Species
422:squamate
363:mollusks
343:neonates
272:botanist
269:Scottish
143:Family:
127:Squamata
117:Reptilia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
866:2451089
775:Q898028
717:English
683:. 2019.
463:". The
418:bobcats
406:coyotes
359:isopods
355:beetles
327:Alberta
245:reptile
224:in the
218:species
216:) is a
199:, 1828)
153:Genus:
137:Iguania
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
980:212141
977:uBio:
957:968165
944:939223
892:564567
853:PRYNDO
827:185020
817:762927
661:
615:14 May
578:
550:
518:
438:biomes
426:snakes
373:) and
367:snails
237:Canada
226:family
931:43611
905:64075
879:36316
840:4GWSQ
721:Latin
702:Agama
659:S2CID
410:foxes
371:slugs
302:(now
926:NCBI
900:IUCN
887:ITIS
861:GBIF
848:EPPO
719:and
617:2024
576:ISBN
548:ISBN
516:ISBN
465:IUCN
347:ants
316:vent
311:.
259:The
241:toad
206:The
197:Bell
835:CoL
812:BHL
799:ADW
651:doi
647:159
641:".
489:at
469:doi
432:.
999::
967::
965:RD
954::
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915::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
