75:
306:. Its fur is tan or buff with predominant grey or brownish red coloring. Its tail is heavily haired and ranges from 135 to 275 mm (5.3 to 10.8 in), and functions in balance when leaping. The pygmy tarsier has nails on all five digits of each hand and on two digits of each foot. The claw-like nails aid in its grasping strength and are also used as an aid in its need for vertical support for feeding and movement. Pygmy tarsiers exhibit low
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264:. The pygmy tarsier was believed to have become extinct in the early 20th century. Then, in 2000, Indonesian scientists accidentally killed one while trapping rats. The first pygmy tarsiers seen alive since the 1920s were found by a research team led by Dr. Sharon Gursky and Ph.D. student Nanda Grow from
330:
to the mossy cloud forests of central
Sulawesi, Indonesia and found at altitudes of 1,800–2,200 m (5,900–7,200 ft). The canopy of the mountain forests are low in height and undergrowth is much denser than the lowland forests. The plant diversity is low and covered in thick mosses, resulting
360:, and develop quickly, similar to other juveniles in the genus. The offspring begin capturing their own prey around 42 days of age, and travel in groups after only 23 days. Young females remain with parents until adulthood, while young males leave the natal group as juveniles.
351:
The pygmy tarsier is found in stable bonded pairs, remaining together for up to 15 months. This stable pair bond is usually monogamous. The species has two breeding seasons, one at the beginning of the rainy season and the other at the end, separated by about 6 months.
317:
due to the diurnal evolutionary history of primates. To make up for this, tarsiers have evolved their large eyes to maximize available light. Tarsiers eyes cannot move in their sockets, but their necks have the ability to turn their heads almost 360 degrees.
529:
343:, feeding primarily on arthropods. Due to their arboreal lifestyle, their diet consists of airborne insects found in the forest canopy such as moths, grasshoppers, and katydids.
394:. The ultrasonic range of their communication is well beyond what may be detected by the human ear and is a distinct advantage to keeping their communication species-specific.
296:
The pygmy tarsier has a head-body length of 95 to 105 mm (3.7 to 4.1 in), and weighs less than 57 g (2.0 oz), which makes it smaller and lighter than other
313:
The most noticeable feature of the pygmy tarsier are its large eyes, which are about 16 mm (0.63 in) in diameter. Unlike other nocturnal species, tarsiers lack a
261:
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805:"Altitude and Forest Edges Influence the Density and Distribution of Pygmy Tarsiers ( Tarsius pumilus ): Effects of Altitude and Forest Edges in Tarsius pumilus"
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in decreased habitat productivity. Pygmy
Tarsiers handle this challenging habitat by living at the edge of forests where prey is more abundant.
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Some species of tarsier have recently been found to communicate at ultrasonic frequencies of around 70 kHz on the islands of
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is not a nest builder. Unlike other tarsier species, it does not use scent glands to mark territorial boundaries. Also tactile
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590:"The identity of Tarsius pumilus, a pygmy species endemic to the montane mossy forests of central Sulawesi"
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284:. As the first live pygmy tarsiers seen in 80-plus years, these captures dispelled the belief among some
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lasts 178 days on average, and births occur in May and from
November to December. Infants are quite
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832:
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871:"Preliminary Data on the Behavior, Ecology, and Morphology of Pygmy Tarsiers (Tarsius pumilus)"
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in August 2008. The two males and single female (a fourth escaped) were captured using
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Grow, Nanda B. (2014), Grow, Nanda B.; Gursky-Doyen, Sharon; Krzton, Alicia (eds.),
375:. It spends most of the daylight hours sleeping on vertical branches in the canopy.
1240:
620:"Altitudinal Distribution and Ranging Patterns of Pygmy Tarsiers (Tarsius pumilus)"
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and interaction is important with the pygmy tarsier, as in other tarsier species.
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Pernetta, J. C.; Whitten, A. J.; Mustafa, M.; Henderson, G. S. (March 1988).
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species. Likewise, its ears are also smaller than those of the rest of genus
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424:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 128.
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Wright, Patricia C.; Simons, Elwyn L.; Gursky, Sharon L. (2003).
421:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1253:
1186:
925:
451:
449:
803:
Grow, Nanda; Gursky, Sharon; Duma, Yulius (May 2013).
310:, so both sexes are similar in size and appearance.
1195:
1046:
1022:
998:
626:, New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 43–59,
504:"Tiny, long-lost primate rediscovered in Indonesia"
917:Photos of living 'gremlin' discovered in Indonesia
613:
611:
869:Grow, Nanda; Gursky-Doyen, Sharon (2010-12-01).
481:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21490A17977980.en
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8:
556:
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944:
930:
922:
208:
48:
29:
20:
852:"Tiny primate is ultrasonic communicator"
479:
588:Musser, Guy G.; Dagosto, Marian (1987).
530:"Tiny primate rediscovered in Indonesia"
403:
1455:Taxa named by Gerrit Smith Miller Jr.
798:
796:
7:
875:International Journal of Primatology
658:
656:
583:
581:
579:
467:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
256:, in an area with lower vegetative
713:Tarsiers past, present, and future
14:
1420:IUCN Red List endangered species
456:Shekelle, M.; Salim, A. (2020).
73:
809:American Journal of Primatology
563:"Real-life furbys rediscovered"
663:Rozenbaum, Ilya (2008-04-01).
288:that the species was extinct.
1:
280:, and were radio collared to
716:. Rutgers University Press.
1450:Taxa named by Ned Hollister
1094:Gursky's spectral tarsier (
632:10.1007/978-1-4614-8175-1_3
528:Locke, S. F. (2008-11-19).
502:Dunham, Will (2008-11-18).
1471:
1430:Endemic fauna of Indonesia
850:Dartmouth College (2012).
681:10.1001/archopht.126.4.542
1445:Mammals described in 1921
1169:
960:
952:Extant species of family
887:10.1007/s10764-010-9456-9
747:"The Ecology of Sulawesi"
669:Archives of Ophthalmology
665:"Small Primate, Big Eyes"
594:American Museum Novitates
506:. Reuters. Archived from
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70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
561:Boyle, A. (2008-11-18).
418:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
274:Lore Lindu National Park
266:Texas A&M University
239:lesser spectral tarsier
751:The Journal of Ecology
624:High Altitude Primates
1440:Primates of Indonesia
1379:Paleobiology Database
1130:Siau Island tarsier (
1034:Horsfield's tarsier (
474:: e.T21490A17977980.
363:The pygmy tarsier is
326:The pygmy tarsier is
282:track their movements
233:), also known as the
1010:Philippine tarsier (
510:on December 20, 2008
347:Behavior and ecology
217:Pygmy tarsier range
1435:Mammals of Sulawesi
1157:Niemitz's tarsier (
1139:Wallace's tarsier (
1096:T. spectrumgurskyae
763:1988JEcol..76..297P
534:Scientific American
339:Pygmy tarsiers are
40:Conservation status
1148:Makassar tarsier (
1058:Spectral tarsier (
270:Mount Rore Katimbo
16:Species of primate
1407:
1406:
1189:Taxon identifiers
1180:
1179:
1112:Sangihe tarsier (
1103:Jatna's tarsier (
1076:Lariang tarsier (
821:10.1002/ajp.22123
641:978-1-4614-8174-4
308:sexual dimorphism
260:than the lowland
258:species diversity
248:found in central
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1085:Peleng tarsier (
1067:Dian's tarsier (
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881:(6): 1174–1191.
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1121:Pygmy tarsier (
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863:Further reading
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854:. ScienceDaily.
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413:
412:Groves, C. P.
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180:Binomial name
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1036:Ce. bancanus
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1012:Ca. syrichta
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645:, retrieved
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567:. Retrieved
542:. Retrieved
538:the original
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512:. Retrieved
508:the original
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485:. Retrieved
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1275:iNaturalist
1221:Wikispecies
1159:T. niemitzi
1141:T. wallacei
1069:T. dentatus
487:19 November
369:crepuscular
292:Description
1414:Categories
1132:T. tumpara
1123:T. pumilus
1078:T. lariang
1060:T. tarsier
990:Haplorhini
988:Suborder:
757:(1): 297.
675:(4): 542.
647:2022-12-04
569:2008-11-19
565:. NBC News
544:2008-11-19
514:2008-11-19
398:References
377:T. pumilus
137:Haplorhini
133:Suborder:
55:Endangered
1150:T. fuscus
964:Kingdom:
954:Tarsiidae
895:1573-8604
779:0022-0477
732:493932517
689:0003-9950
602:2246/5204
365:nocturnal
358:precocial
354:Gestation
254:Indonesia
243:nocturnal
200:Hollister
165:Species:
147:Tarsiidae
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1425:Tarsiers
1392:Species+
1345:12100173
1293:10719608
1206:Wikidata
1173:Category
984:Primates
978:Mammalia
972:Chordata
970:Phylum:
966:Animalia
903:23939646
837:10828934
829:23325720
697:18413526
440:62265494
414:(2005).
373:arboreal
250:Sulawesi
143:Family:
127:Primates
117:Mammalia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1358:2925011
1332:1000922
1267:2436488
1212:Q244208
1049:Tarsius
1001:Carlito
982:Order:
976:Class:
787:2260477
759:Bibcode
328:endemic
322:Habitat
303:Tarsius
298:tarsier
246:primate
241:, is a
237:or the
158:Tarsius
153:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1384:238721
1306:572906
1254:127513
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695:
687:
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202:, 1921
198:&
196:Miller
1397:10668
1371:88001
1319:21490
1288:IRMNG
1280:43689
1241:54XZD
899:S2CID
833:S2CID
783:JSTOR
392:Leyte
388:Bohol
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