767:
838:
applicable, agent's fees, required by multiple responses to national offices may well justify the use of the
Chapter II procedure." The demand for an international preliminary examination also gives the applicant an opportunity to amend the claims, description and drawings. Otherwise, the applicant can only modify the claims once within two months from the time of the ISR has been transmitted. There are many advantages, such as cost and effort savings ("as well as possibly shortened pendency/faster grants"), in receiving a favourable IPRP Chapter II, i.e. a favourable report following an international preliminary examination. For instance, national offices "with a smaller examining staff and those without examiners tend to rely more heavily on the results in the IPRP Chapter II".
366:
874:
such as scientific and mathematical theories, methods of doing business and computer programs to the extent that the
Authority is not equipped to carry out a search or international preliminary examination concerning such programs. However, this does not affect the issue of whether the invention is patentable under the laws of the contracting states, as "othing in and the Regulations is intended to be construed as prescribing anything that would limit the freedom of each contracting state to prescribe such substantive conditions of patentability as it desires."
311:
834:"). The filing of a demand for international preliminary examination, which must be done within a time limit, is subject to the payment of a "handling fee" for the benefit of the International Bureau and a "preliminary examination fee" for the benefit of the IPEA. The cost of filing a demand varies depending on the IPEA used by the applicant. The IPEA(s) that the applicant can choose however depends on the receiving Office with which the applicant filed the PCT application (the same applies to ISAs).
798:, Russian, and Spanish. The publication normally takes place promptly after 18 months from the filing date or, if a priority is claimed, from the earliest priority date. There are two exceptions to this rule, however. First, a PCT application may be published earlier if the applicant requests early publication. Secondly, if 18 months after the priority date, the PCT application designates only the United States, then the application is not automatically published.
895:
3181:
903:
applications were filed, making 2013 the first year during which more than 200,000 PCT applications were filed in one year. The 3 millionth PCT application was published on 2 February 2017. It was predicted that by the end of 2020, the total number of PCT applications filed since the system became operational in 1978 would reach 4 million.
378:
regional phase which follows the international phase in which rights are continued by filing necessary documents with the patent offices of separate contracting states of the PCT. A PCT application, as such, is not an actual request that a patent be granted, and it is not converted into one unless and until it enters the "national phase".
374:
search and, optionally, the international preliminary examination "give applicants a better basis for deciding whether and in which countries to further pursue their applications", thus allowing "for better management of patent portfolios and the avoidance of unnecessary expenses"; and (c) it allows the deferral of national processing.
758:
new prior art being cited in the subsequent national phases. A supplementary international search is said to allow applicants to obtain an additional search report "taking into account the growing linguistic diversity of the prior art being found". In 2009 and 2010, the demand for supplementary international searches was relatively low.
295:
must be followed up with the step of entering into national or regional phases to proceed towards grant of one or more patents. The PCT procedure essentially leads to a standard national or regional patent application, which may be granted or rejected according to applicable law, in each jurisdiction in which a patent is desired.
3115:
419:
be a national or resident of a contracting state to the PCT needs, however, "only to be complied with at the time of filing the international application. Later changes in the applicant's country of residence (or nationality) ... have no consequence on the validity of the international application itself."
757:
In addition to the compulsory international search, at least one optional supplementary international search may also be carried out by participating
International Searching Authorities, upon request by the applicant and payment of corresponding fees. The purpose is to reduce the likelihood of seeing
373:
The main advantages of the PCT procedure, also referred to as the international procedure, are that (a) it allows the filing of a single patent application, replacing the need for filing a multiplicity of separate applications, with a procedure taking place in a predictable way; (b) the international
2411:
Commencement of
International Preliminary Examination: ... The International Preliminary Examining Authority normally starts the international preliminary examination when: ... (b) the time limit within which the applicant was permitted to file the demand ... has expired, or earlier if the applicant
864:
An alternative to the filing of a demand for international preliminary examination is to file informal comments in response to the written opinion established by the ISA. These informal comments are not published. The informal comments should be submitted to the
International Bureau (IB), and not to
418:
of a contracting state to the PCT; otherwise, no PCT filing date is accorded. If a PCT filing date is erroneously accorded, the
Receiving Office may, within four months from the filing date, declare that the application should be considered withdrawn. The requirement that at least one applicant must
322:
from 25 May to 19 June 1970. The Patent
Cooperation Treaty was signed on the last day of the conference on 19 June 1970. The Treaty entered into force on 24 January 1978, initially with 18 contracting states. The first international applications were filed on 1 June 1978. The Treaty was subsequently
294:
A PCT application does not itself result in the grant of a patent, since there is no such thing as an "international patent", and the grant of patent is a prerogative of each national or regional authority. In other words, a PCT application, which establishes a filing date in all contracting states,
906:
Applications in 2018 were filed by users from 127 countries. The United States of
America continued to be the largest source of applications, followed by China, Japan, Germany, and the Republic of Korea. Applications from China have grown at the fastest rate, rising to 21.1% of all applications in
377:
A PCT application (also called "international patent application") has two phases. The first phase is the international phase in which patent protection is pending under a single patent application filed with the patent office of a contracting state of the PCT. The second phase is the national and
927:
with 2,080 applications. Countries located in Asia were the source of 50.5% of all PCT applications in 2018. Applicants in Europe (24.5%) and North
America (23.1%) were the other major sources of filings. The combined share for Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and Oceania amounted to
873:
The PCT does not make any specific provision concerning the types of invention which may be the subject of an international application. Rules 39 and 67 permit
International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authorities not to carry out search and examination on certain types of subject matter,
3072:
882:
Finally, at 30 months from the filing date of the PCT application or from the earliest priority date of the application if a priority is claimed, the international phase ends and the PCT application enters in national and regional phase. However, any national law may fix time limits which expire
402:
since it neither results in an international patent nor in a PCT patent, neither of which exists. The PCT application needs to be filed in one language only, although a translation of the application may be required for the international search and the international publication, depending on the
1292:
Silverman, R. (2005). Patent Filing Strategies for Pharmaceutical Products: Simple Cost-Benefit Analysis Based on Filing Costs and Pharmaceutical Sales. AIPLA QJ, 33, 153; Quote: "The PCT is designed to serve those who seek broad protection early while wishing to defer most of the global patent
753:
The international search report can help the applicant decide whether it would be worthwhile seeking national protection, and if so, in how many countries, as fees and other expenses, including translation costs, must be paid to enter the national phase in each country. Yet another advantage of
422:
In most member states, the applicant or at least one of the applicants of the application is required to be a national or resident of the state of the receiving office where the application is filed. Applicants from any contracting state may file a PCT application at the International Bureau in
3037:
902:
The millionth PCT application was filed at the end of 2004, whereas the two millionth application was filed in 2011. The first ever decline in the number of filed PCT applications in over 30 years occurred in 2009, with a 4.5 percent drop compared to 2008. In 2013, about 205,000 international
837:
If the written opinion established by the International Searching Authority (ISA) is positive, "there is little value to be obtained from filing a demand". However, " cases where the written opinion of the ISA contains negative findings, the savings in the applicant's/agent's time and, where
426:
Upon filing of the PCT application, all contracting states are automatically designated. Subject to reservations made by any contracting state, a PCT application fulfilling the requirements of the treaty and accorded a PCT filing date has the effect of a regular national application in each
883:
later than 30 months. For instance, it is possible to enter the European regional phase at 31 months from the earliest priority date. National and regional phases can also be started earlier on the express request of the applicant, even before publication of the international application.
750:(Chapter I of the Patent Cooperation Treaty, or IPRP Chapter I), within 30 months of the filing date or a priority date, if any. If the ISR is not in English, it is translated into English for publication. A designated Office may require a translation of the IPRP Chapter I into English.
1051:
The 30-month time limit to enter the national phase is not applicable to all countries. A small number of countries still request the entering of the national phase under Chapter I (i.e., if the preliminary examination is not demanded or not demanded in time) at 20 months. Consult this
754:
filing a PCT application under the PCT is that many national patent authorities will rely on the international search report (although the PCT does not obligate them to do so) instead of performing a prior art search themselves, and the applicant may thus be able to save search fees.
3125:
801:
From the publication of the PCT application until 28 months after the priority date, any third party may file observations regarding the novelty and inventive step of the invention. The observations may be submitted anonymously, and no fee is due for filing such observations.
323:
amended in 1979, and modified in 1984 and 2001. As of December 2022, PCT membership consisted of 157 contracting states. It was expected that by the end of 2020 the total number of PCT applications filed since the system became operational in 1978 would reach 4 million.
3158:
3135:
969:
805:
An international application may also be withdrawn to prevent its publication. To do so, the International Bureau (IB) "must receive the notice of withdrawal of the application before the corresponding technical preparations for publication are completed".
2405:
PCT International Search and Preliminary Examination Guidelines (Guidelines for the Processing by International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authorities of International Applications Under the Patent Cooperation Treaty) as in force from March 25,
822:(IPEA) and its objective is "to formulate a preliminary and non-binding opinion on the questions whether the claimed invention appears to be novel, to involve an inventive step (to be non-obvious), and to be industrially applicable". This results in an
291:, performed by an International Preliminary Examining Authority (IPEA). Finally, the relevant national or regional authorities administer matters related to the examination of application (if provided by national law) and issuance of patent.
3120:
3997:
3186:
4057:
865:
the ISA or the IPEA. They are kept in the file of the PCT application and, in the case where no demand is filed, forwarded to the designated offices, which are free to require a translation of the informal comments.
3130:
4012:
2567:
Elected Office: The national office of or acting for a State elected by the applicant under Chapter II, in which the applicant intends to use the results of the international preliminary examination.
766:
2514:"Factors to be considered when deciding whether or not to file a demand for international preliminary examination – Part 2" (Views of David Reed), Practical Advice, PCT Newsletter No. 05/2010
886:
If the entry into national or regional phase is not performed within the prescribed time limit, the PCT application generally ceases to have the effect of a national or regional application.
3212:
3057:
338:
3832:
3312:
3307:
491:
3662:
3507:
4087:
3191:
735:
The ISA must establish the ISR and its accompanying written within "three months from the receipt of the search copy by the International Searching Authority, or nine months from the
2431:"Factors to be considered when deciding whether or not to file a demand for international preliminary examination" (Views of David Reed), Practical Advice, PCT Newsletter No. 04/2010
4022:
3742:
3342:
3292:
3052:
3762:
720:. The ISA(s) that the applicant can choose depends on the receiving Office with which the applicant filed the international application. In 2013, the most selected ISAs were the
2998:
341:
can become a member of the PCT. A majority of the world's countries are parties to the PCT, including all of the major industrialized countries (with a few exceptions, notably
4032:
3042:
2321:"Administrative Instructions under the Patent Cooperation Treaty, Part 8: Instructions Relating to Observations by Third Parties, Section 801: Third Party Observation System"
232:
206:
742:
The ISR is published together with the PCT application (or as soon as possible afterwards). The written opinion is initially confidential, but unless it is superseded by an
3176:
3332:
2722:
1996:
2402:
The international preliminary examination may start before the publication of the PCT application if the applicant has expressly requested an earlier start. See WIPO,
332:
4092:
4042:
3952:
3597:
673:
365:
4052:
3357:
3087:
4037:
3907:
2057:"The PCT Applicant's Guide: CHAPTER 7: THE INTERNATIONAL SEARCH PROCEDURE: PROCESSING OF THE INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION BY THE INTERNATIONAL SEARCHING AUTHORITY"
3992:
3982:
3972:
3957:
3232:
4077:
4047:
4002:
3977:
3297:
1473:"Practical Advice – Situation where the sole applicant, who is not a national of a PCT Contracting State, is no longer resident in a PCT Contracting State"
3987:
3962:
3777:
3752:
3027:
1283:
Erstling, J., & Boutillon, I. (2005). The Patent Cooperation Treaty: At the center of the international patent system. Wm. Mitchell L. Rev., 32, 1583
1029:
The written opinion is established by the International Searching Authority (ISA) for international applications filed on or after 1 January 2004 only.
4017:
4007:
3077:
640:
610:
2924:
PCT Procedures and Passage Into the European Phase: A Practical Guide for Patent Professionals and Candidates for the European Qualifying Examination
4082:
4067:
4062:
3877:
3247:
3007:
1576:
1558:
935:
100:
3947:
3912:
3502:
3392:
3097:
225:
2703:
3917:
3457:
3427:
939:
4072:
3747:
3722:
2932:
2911:
2805:
2735:
2009:
1826:"State Intellectual Property Service of Ukraine (SIPSU) to Begin Operating as an International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authority"
471:
1933:"Eurasian Patent Office (EAPO) to Begin Operating as an International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authority, PCT Newsletter 05/2022"
3727:
3687:
3617:
599:
1968:"Practical advice: Filing a demand with an International Authority which is not the Authority which carried out the international search"
1932:
4027:
3387:
3227:
2984:
1725:
1600:"National Institute of Industrial Property (Chile) to Begin Operating as an International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authority"
1599:
1472:
1002:
can be excluded from this all inclusive designation, if priority is claimed from an earlier national filing in the state concerned. See
729:
621:
577:
522:
1785:"Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (Turkpatent) to Begin Operating as an International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authority"
3967:
3602:
3492:
3217:
1582:
National Institute of Industrial Property (Brazil) to Begin Functioning as International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authority
218:
3942:
3892:
3817:
3797:
3787:
3462:
3317:
1197:
2592:
Designated Office: A national office of or acting for a State designated in an international application under Chapter I of the PCT
841:
When an international preliminary examination is demanded, the contracting states for which the examination is demanded are called
708:
A search or "international search" is then made by an authorized international searching authority (ISA) to find the most relevant
2290:
3847:
3757:
3692:
3562:
3557:
3422:
3367:
3352:
3922:
3857:
3792:
3782:
3767:
3677:
3667:
3642:
3622:
3612:
3572:
3547:
3452:
3362:
3267:
3182:
Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks
2991:
3827:
3802:
3697:
3607:
3522:
3482:
3257:
2741:
2015:
533:
427:
designated state as of the PCT filing date, which date is considered to be the actual filing date in each designated State.
3937:
3867:
3862:
3837:
3812:
3807:
3737:
3632:
3497:
3407:
3402:
3347:
3322:
3302:
3272:
963:
3927:
3902:
3882:
3772:
3707:
3682:
3672:
3652:
3592:
3587:
3527:
3512:
3477:
3437:
3432:
3412:
3397:
3372:
3282:
3277:
3262:
3252:
3242:
3237:
3222:
3082:
3067:
1223:
Done at Washington on June 19, 1970, amended on September 28, 1979, modified on February 3, 1984, and on October 3, 2001
951:
908:
684:
1519:"Practical Advice: The need to take into account national security provisions when filing an international application"
1456:
Practical Advice: PCT application considered withdrawn by receiving Office after having been accorded a PCT filing date
3932:
3897:
3887:
3842:
3732:
3712:
3657:
3647:
3627:
3582:
3567:
3532:
3487:
3472:
3442:
3382:
3327:
3287:
3116:
Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure
2709:
716:
subject matter. The search results in an international search report (ISR), together with a written opinion regarding
3852:
3822:
3702:
3552:
3542:
3537:
3517:
3467:
3447:
3417:
818:
may optionally be requested ("demanded"). The international preliminary examination is conducted by an authorized
3872:
3717:
3637:
3577:
3377:
3337:
2180:, PCT/MIA/18/10, 24 February 2011 (Document prepared by WIPO's International Bureau). Consulted on 15 April 2011.
662:
1853:"Visegrad Patent Institute to Begin Operating as an International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authority"
279:
A single filing of a PCT application is made with a Receiving Office (RO) in one language. It then results in a
310:
3068:
Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their Phonograms
651:
1648:
Egyptian Patent Office to Begin Operating as an International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authority
721:
697:
Note 1: All International Searching Authorities are also International Preliminary Examining Authorities.
511:
1709:
Israel Patent Office to Begin Operating as an International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authority
1693:
Indian Patent Office to Begin Operating as an International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authority
3092:
3073:
Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations
283:
performed by an International Searching Authority (ISA), accompanied by a written opinion regarding the
3038:
Brussels Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite
2608:
861:
of a contracting state correspondingly means electing it when demanding (requesting) the examination.
3047:
1664:
555:
544:
434:
International Searching Authorities (ISA) and International Preliminary Examining Authorities (IPEA)
2238:"Practical Advice: Considerations for requesting early publication of an international application"
1915:
1518:
1009:"PCT Reservations, Declarations, Notifications and Incompatibilities (status on 18 September 2015)"
912:
795:
725:
566:
3126:
Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration
2949:
2686:
2646:
2513:
2430:
2362:
2345:
2217:
2161:
1808:
1757:
1708:
1692:
1647:
1631:
1580:
1455:
3192:
Vienna Agreement Establishing an International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks
2797:
2794:
China in Global Governance of Intellectual Property: Implications for Global Distributive Justice
2403:
1967:
1852:
1825:
1784:
1339:
261:
2177:
1665:"PCT Applicant's Guide – International Phase – Annex C, Receiving Offices, Indian Patent Office"
1008:
2278:
1242:
828:
international preliminary report on patentability (Chapter II of the Patent Cooperation Treaty)
3062:
2928:
2907:
2846:
2801:
2731:
2325:
Administrative Instructions under the Patent Cooperation Treaty, as in force from July 1, 2012
2237:
2005:
1940:
1893:
1193:
1188:
957:
894:
2766:
2298:
2113:
1876:
1735:
1607:
1480:
1371:
1124:
3159:
WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge
3136:
Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks
3032:
113:
1159:
791:
787:
411:
287:
of the invention, which is the subject of the application. It is optionally followed by a
118:
56:
268:
in each of its contracting states. A patent application filed under the PCT is called an
3043:
Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods
2690:
2650:
2349:
2225:
2165:
2155:
1919:
1880:
1833:
1812:
1765:
1730:
1712:
1696:
1651:
1635:
1586:
1459:
970:
Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge
736:
713:
319:
189:
2662:
2647:
Entering the national phase early where the PCT application has not yet been published
2642:
2638:
2626:
2541:
2525:
2470:
2466:
2442:
2390:
2274:
2262:
2201:
2139:
2127:
2101:
2077:
2039:
1546:
1513:
1447:
1388:
1266:
1112:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1039:
369:
A timeline diagram which provides an overview of the Patent Cooperation Treaty System.
3206:
3177:
Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs
2537:
1431:
1141:
1053:
717:
284:
1726:"Intellectual Property Office of Singapore to Begin Operating as ISA, SISA and IPEA"
2494:
2482:
2454:
2189:
2089:
2043:
1501:
1451:
1435:
1407:
1392:
451:
2579:
2554:
1419:
1003:
931:
In 2019, China surpassed the United States to become the largest user of the PCT.
403:
language of filing and the competent or chosen International Searching Authority.
318:
The Washington Diplomatic Conference on the Patent Cooperation Treaty was held in
2922:
2901:
2218:"Practical Advice – Requesting early publication of an international application"
2320:
999:
783:
298:
The contracting states, the states which are parties to the PCT, constitute the
182:
2162:
Practical Advice: The benefits of requesting supplementary international search
1038:
Namely, an International Searching Authority which is competent to do so under
75:
ratification by eight States, four of which have significant patenting activity
17:
2056:
1333:
1303:
254:
2976:
2821:
3088:
Washington Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits
1189:
The First Twenty-five Years of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) 1970–1995
709:
588:
350:
342:
280:
265:
1575:
It began functioning as an ISA and IPEA with effect from 7 August 2009, in
3121:
Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs
1210:
746:(see optional examination, below), it is made available in the form of an
589:
Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) (Russian Federation)
3011:
2956:
2724:
Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review – The International Patent System
1998:
Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review – The International Patent System
920:
415:
357:). As of 26 December 2022, there were 157 contracting states to the PCT.
354:
2705:
First-Ever Drop In Filings Under Patent Cooperation Treaty Seen In 2009
3187:
Strasbourg Agreement Concerning the International Patent Classification
346:
2675:
1056:
for national phase entry deadlines for specific countries or regions.
779:
407:
257:
1562:
1360:
938:
provides statistics on the PCT System in the PCT Yearly Review, the
774:
The PCT application is published by the International Bureau at the
3131:
Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks
2279:
PCT Reservations, Declarations, Notifications and Incompatibilities
3033:
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works
916:
893:
765:
364:
2871:
2970:
2960:
775:
260:, concluded in 1970. It provides a unified procedure for filing
3998:
Treaties extended to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
2980:
2966:
2730:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 2014. p. 29.
2004:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 2014. p. 68.
924:
4058:
Treaties extended to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1894:"EAPO Appointed as an International Authority under the PCT"
1627:
1625:
1243:"Report of the Director General to the 2019 WIPO Assemblies"
2604:
2602:
2600:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
1962:
1960:
1958:
907:
2018. The top individual filer of applications in 2018 was
3058:
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
2363:"Best Practice for Withdrawing International Applications"
339:
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
2212:
2210:
1564:
The PCT Applicant's Guide (Last updated 25 November 2021)
1335:
Learn the PCT: Episode 1 – Introduction to the PCT System
2157:
Amendments to the PCT Regulations as from 1 January 2009
1154:
1152:
1150:
2115:
Oxonica Energy Ltd v Neuftec Ltd (2008) EWHC 2127 (Pat)
1373:
Oxonica Energy Ltd v Neuftec Ltd (2008) EWHC 2127 (Pat)
1126:
Oxonica Energy Ltd v Neuftec Ltd (2008) EWHC 2127 (Pat)
724:(EPO) (with 37.7% of all ISRs issued), followed by the
3053:
Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol
386:
The first step of the procedure consists in filing an
314:
Patent Cooperation Treaty members, as of December 2022
4013:
Treaties extended to the United States Virgin Islands
492:
China's National Intellectual Property Administration
3167:
3149:
3106:
3018:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
690:
will begin operating as ISA and IPEA on 1 July 2022
107:
95:
87:
79:
71:
63:
52:
37:
2160:, undated. Consulted on 17 October 2009. See also
1384:
1382:
482:National Institute of Industrial Property of Chile
3213:World Intellectual Property Organization treaties
2712:, 8 February 2010. Consulted on 18 February 2010.
2346:Practical Advice, Making third party observations
1304:"Chapter 4: Usefulness of the PCT for applicants"
748:International Preliminary Report on Patentability
423:Geneva, subject to national security provisions.
165:
3833:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan
1279:
1277:
1275:
786:, in one of the ten "languages of publication":
333:List of parties to the Patent Cooperation Treaty
3308:Treaties of the military dictatorship in Brazil
820:International Preliminary Examination Authority
674:Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines
155:
4088:Treaties extended to Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2903:The Cross-referenced Patent Cooperation Treaty
2352:, July–August 2012, No. 07-08/2012, pp. 17–19.
1403:
1401:
911:, which filed 5,405 applications, followed by
826:(IPER). Since 2004, the IPER bears the title "
790:, Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese,
631:State Intellectual Property Service of Ukraine
4023:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
3743:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania
3313:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
2992:
1327:
1325:
226:
8:
3763:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1734:(7–08/2015). WIPO. July 2015. Archived from
824:International Preliminary Examination Report
744:International Preliminary Examination Report
32:
3663:Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic
3508:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
2297:(Mailing list). 4 July 2012. Archived from
898:Total number of patent applications in 2017
4033:Treaties extended to the Panama Canal Zone
3343:Treaties of the People's Republic of China
3293:Treaties of the People's Republic of Benin
3028:Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances
2999:
2985:
2977:
2767:"Three Million PCT Applications Published"
1186:World Intellectual Property Organization,
233:
219:
127:
31:
3078:Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks
1182:
1180:
641:United States Patent and Trademark Office
611:Intellectual Property Office of Singapore
462:National Institute of Industrial Property
390:with a competent patent office, called a
160:
3333:Treaties of the Central African Republic
2921:Peter Watchorn; Andrea Veronese (2015).
2851:World Intellectual Property Organization
2826:World Intellectual Property Organization
2412:has expressly requested an earlier start
2168:, No. 01/2012 (January 2012), pp. 10–11.
1937:World Intellectual Property Organization
1577:World Intellectual Property Organization
1559:World Intellectual Property Organization
1293:procurement expense until a later time."
1164:World Intellectual Property Organization
1160:"The PCT now has 157 Contracting States"
1006:PCT notifications of incompatibility in
936:World Intellectual Property Organization
309:
101:World Intellectual Property Organization
3098:WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
2796:. Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies series.
2622:
2620:
1069:
982:
869:Substantive conditions of patentability
739:, whichever time limit expires later."
198:
173:
142:
130:
4093:Treaties extended to Wallis and Futuna
4043:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong
3953:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
3598:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
2150:
2148:
1137:
1135:
940:World Intellectual Property Indicators
600:Swedish Patent and Registration Office
534:Finnish Patent and Registration Office
300:International Patent Cooperation Union
4053:Treaties extended to French Polynesia
3358:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
1479:. WIPO. February 2016. Archived from
1342:from the original on 12 December 2021
816:international preliminary examination
472:Canadian Intellectual Property Office
161:International preliminary examination
7:
4038:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
3908:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates
1338:. WIPO. 13:13 to 14:20 minutes in.
1332:Matthias Reischle (19 August 2013).
394:(RO). This application is called an
3993:Treaties extended to Navassa Island
3983:Treaties extended to Johnston Atoll
3973:Treaties extended to Howland Island
3958:Treaties extended to American Samoa
3233:Treaties entered into force in 1978
2967:Patent Cooperation Treaty resources
2687:Two Millionth PCT Application Filed
1939:. WIPO. 25 May 2022. Archived from
942:and the IP Statistics Data Center.
730:Korean Intellectual Property Office
622:Turkish Patent and Trademark Office
578:Korean Intellectual Property Office
523:Spanish Patent and Trademark Office
4078:Treaties extended to New Caledonia
4048:Treaties extended to French Guiana
4003:Treaties extended to Palmyra Atoll
3978:Treaties extended to Jarvis Island
3298:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
2822:"Intellectual Property Statistics"
2178:Supplementary International Search
989:Applicable as from 1 January 2004.
388:international (patent) application
25:
3988:Treaties extended to Midway Atoll
3963:Treaties extended to Baker Island
3778:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
3753:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
2847:"Publications: PCT Yearly Review"
1606:. WIPO. June 2014. Archived from
1528:. WIPO. June 2014. pp. 11–12
1211:"Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)"
406:At least one applicant (either a
4018:Treaties extended to Wake Island
4008:Treaties extended to Puerto Rico
2872:"WIPO IP Statistics Data Center"
2693:, April 2011, No. 04/2011, p. 1.
4068:Treaties extended to Martinique
4063:Treaties extended to Guadeloupe
3878:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
3248:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
2959:database — official website of
2233:(10). WIPO: 8–11. October 2016.
27:International patent law treaty
3948:Treaties extended to Greenland
3913:Treaties of the United Kingdom
3503:Treaties extended to Hong Kong
3393:Treaties of the Czech Republic
1896:. Eurasian Patent Organisation
770:PCT Building of WIPO in Geneva
1:
3918:Treaties of the United States
3458:Treaties of Georgia (country)
3428:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea
2614:. Consulted on 25 April 2010.
2372:(2/2021): 8–11. February 2021
964:Substantive Patent Law Treaty
923:with 2,404 applications, and
849:), otherwise they are called
337:Any contracting state to the
207:Computer programs and the PCT
4083:Treaties extended to Réunion
4073:Treaties extended to Mayotte
3748:Treaties of the Soviet Union
3723:Treaties of Papua New Guinea
3083:Trademark Law Treaty of 1994
2676:PCT One Million and Counting
1773:(10). WIPO: 1. October 2016.
952:Eurasian Patent Organization
909:Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.
878:National and regional phases
685:Eurasian Patent Organization
166:National and regional phases
3728:Treaties of the Philippines
3688:Treaties of the Netherlands
3618:Treaties of North Macedonia
2710:Intellectual Property Watch
2295:PCT Newsletter mailing list
1841:(1). WIPO: 1. January 2016.
1758:"Assembly of the PCT Union"
1526:PCT Newsletter, No. 06/2014
928:1.7% of total PCT filings.
150:
4109:
4028:Treaties extended to Aruba
3388:Treaties of Czechoslovakia
3228:Treaties concluded in 1970
3150:Treaties against biopiracy
1604:PCT Newsletter No. 06/2014
1477:PCT NEWSLETTER No. 02/2016
704:Search and written opinion
330:
3968:Treaties extended to Guam
3603:Treaties of Liechtenstein
3493:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau
3218:Patent Cooperation Treaty
3141:Patent Cooperation Treaty
2950:Patent Cooperation Treaty
2612:10/2004: Practical Advice
2538:Article 2(xiii) and (xiv)
1916:Assembly of the PCT Union
1877:Assembly of the PCT Union
1809:Assembly of the PCT Union
1798:(2). WIPO. February 2017.
1632:Assembly of the PCT Union
1308:The PCT Applicant's Guide
919:with 2,499 applications,
915:with 2,812 applications,
830:" (commonly abbreviated "
663:Visegrad Patent Institute
396:international application
270:international application
247:Patent Cooperation Treaty
33:Patent Cooperation Treaty
3943:1970 in Washington, D.C.
3893:Treaties of Turkmenistan
3818:Treaties of South Africa
3798:Treaties of Sierra Leone
3788:Treaties of Saudi Arabia
3463:Treaties of West Germany
3318:Treaties of Burkina Faso
2906:. Helze Bv, Publischer.
998:Germany, Japan, and the
712:documents regarding the
452:Australian Patent Office
414:) must be a national or
99:Director-General of the
3848:Treaties of Switzerland
3758:Treaties of Saint Lucia
3693:Treaties of New Zealand
3563:Treaties of South Korea
3558:Treaties of North Korea
3423:Treaties of El Salvador
3368:Treaties of Ivory Coast
3353:Treaties of the Comoros
2792:Cheng, Wenting (2023).
2653:No. 10/2011, page 15ff.
2291:"PCT Newsletter Update"
2244:(10/2022). October 2022
1462:, June 2009, pp. 10–11.
1361:"PCT Applicant's Guide"
652:Nordic Patent Institute
289:preliminary examination
3923:Treaties of Uzbekistan
3858:Treaties of Tajikistan
3793:Treaties of Seychelles
3783:Treaties of Yugoslavia
3768:Treaties of San Marino
3678:Treaties of Mozambique
3668:Treaties of Montenegro
3643:Treaties of Mauritania
3623:Treaties of Madagascar
3613:Treaties of Luxembourg
3573:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
3548:Treaties of Kazakhstan
3453:Treaties of the Gambia
3363:Treaties of Costa Rica
3268:Treaties of Azerbaijan
2771:PCT Newsletter 02/2017
899:
771:
728:(JPO) (20.7%) and the
722:European Patent Office
512:European Patent Office
502:Egyptian Patent Office
442:Austrian Patent Office
370:
315:
253:) is an international
41:19 June 1970
3828:Treaties of Sri Lanka
3803:Treaties of Singapore
3698:Treaties of Nicaragua
3608:Treaties of Lithuania
3523:Treaties of Indonesia
3483:Treaties of Guatemala
3258:Treaties of Australia
3093:WIPO Copyright Treaty
3019:Intellectual Property
2948:The full text of the
2773:. WIPO. February 2017
1815:, October 2013, p. 1.
1699:, October 2013, p. 2.
1638:, October 2014, p. 1.
897:
769:
368:
331:Further information:
313:
3938:Treaties of Zimbabwe
3868:Treaties of Thailand
3863:Treaties of Tanzania
3838:Treaties of Eswatini
3813:Treaties of Slovenia
3808:Treaties of Slovakia
3738:Treaties of Portugal
3633:Treaties of Malaysia
3498:Treaties of Honduras
3408:Treaties of Dominica
3403:Treaties of Djibouti
3348:Treaties of Colombia
3323:Treaties of Cameroon
3303:Treaties of Botswana
3273:Treaties of Barbados
3152:and misappropriation
3048:Marrakesh VIP Treaty
2900:Cees Mulder (2012).
2649:, Practical Advice,
1977:(6/2013). WIPO: 9–11
1738:on 15 September 2015
810:Optional examination
556:Israel Patent Office
545:Indian Patent Office
156:International search
3928:Treaties of Vietnam
3903:Treaties of Ukraine
3883:Treaties of Tunisia
3773:Treaties of Senegal
3708:Treaties of Nigeria
3683:Treaties of Namibia
3673:Treaties of Morocco
3653:Treaties of Moldova
3593:Treaties of Liberia
3588:Treaties of Lesotho
3528:Treaties of Ireland
3513:Treaties of Iceland
3478:Treaties of Grenada
3438:Treaties of Finland
3433:Treaties of Estonia
3413:Treaties of Ecuador
3398:Treaties of Denmark
3373:Treaties of Croatia
3283:Treaties of Belgium
3278:Treaties of Belarus
3263:Treaties of Austria
3253:Treaties of Armenia
3243:Treaties of Algeria
3238:Treaties of Albania
3223:Patent law treaties
3021:protection treaties
2301:on 12 December 2012
1715:, April 2012, p. 3.
1654:, March 2013, p. 4.
1483:on 29 February 2016
913:Mitsubishi Electric
726:Japan Patent Office
567:Japan Patent Office
262:patent applications
151:Filing applications
34:
3933:Treaties of Zambia
3898:Treaties of Uganda
3888:Treaties of Turkey
3843:Treaties of Sweden
3733:Treaties of Poland
3713:Treaties of Norway
3658:Treaties of Monaco
3648:Treaties of Mexico
3628:Treaties of Malawi
3583:Treaties of Latvia
3568:Treaties of Kuwait
3533:Treaties of Israel
3488:Treaties of Guinea
3473:Treaties of Greece
3443:Treaties of France
3383:Treaties of Cyprus
3328:Treaties of Canada
3288:Treaties of Belize
2798:Palgrave Macmillan
2663:Article 24(1)(iii)
2140:Rule 45bis.2 and 3
900:
851:designated Offices
772:
371:
316:
132:Patent Cooperation
3853:Treaties of Syria
3823:Treaties of Spain
3703:Treaties of Niger
3553:Treaties of Kenya
3543:Treaties of Japan
3538:Treaties of Italy
3518:Treaties of India
3468:Treaties of Ghana
3448:Treaties of Gabon
3418:Treaties of Egypt
3200:
3199:
3107:Global protection
3063:Patent Law Treaty
2934:978-3-945296-37-0
2913:978-90-809574-8-0
2807:978-3-031-24369-1
2737:978-92-805-2499-4
2011:978-92-805-2499-4
1858:. WIPO. p. 4
1000:Republic of Korea
958:Patent Law Treaty
701:
700:
243:
242:
126:
125:
16:(Redirected from
4100:
3873:Treaties of Togo
3718:Treaties of Oman
3638:Treaties of Mali
3578:Treaties of Laos
3378:Treaties of Cuba
3338:Treaties of Chad
3001:
2994:
2987:
2978:
2954:
2938:
2917:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2740:. Archived from
2729:
2719:
2713:
2700:
2694:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2551:
2545:
2542:Article 31(4)(a)
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2415:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2367:
2359:
2353:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2287:
2281:
2272:
2266:
2263:Article 21(2)(b)
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2234:
2222:
2214:
2205:
2202:Article 21(2)(a)
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2152:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2053:
2047:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2020:
2014:. Archived from
2003:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1972:
1964:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1943:on 21 April 2022
1929:
1923:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1890:
1884:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1830:
1822:
1816:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1789:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1762:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1722:
1716:
1706:
1700:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1674:. 1 October 2013
1669:
1661:
1655:
1645:
1639:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1596:
1590:
1573:
1567:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1523:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1469:
1463:
1445:
1439:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1396:
1389:Article 15(5)(c)
1386:
1377:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1239:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1207:
1201:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1156:
1145:
1139:
1130:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1057:
1049:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
996:
990:
987:
732:(KIPO) (14.8%).
430:
429:
392:Receiving Office
235:
228:
221:
143:Procedural steps
137:
128:
48:
46:
35:
21:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4097:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3169:
3163:
3151:
3145:
3109:system treaties
3108:
3102:
3020:
3014:
3005:
2952:
2945:
2935:
2920:
2914:
2899:
2896:
2894:Further reading
2891:
2890:
2880:
2878:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2747:on 14 July 2014
2744:
2738:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2701:
2697:
2685:
2681:
2674:WIPO web site,
2673:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2618:
2607:
2598:
2585:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2536:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2512:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2481:
2477:
2465:
2461:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2429:
2418:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2273:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2236:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2154:WIPO web site,
2153:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2128:Rule 45bis.1(a)
2126:
2122:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2078:Rule 44bis.1(b)
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2021:on 14 July 2014
2018:
2012:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1922:, October 2021.
1913:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1883:, October 2017.
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1807:
1803:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1707:
1703:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1646:
1642:
1630:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1610:on 23 July 2014
1598:
1597:
1593:
1574:
1570:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1446:
1442:
1430:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1406:
1399:
1387:
1380:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1229:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1185:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1140:
1133:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1050:
1046:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1007:
997:
993:
988:
984:
979:
948:
892:
880:
871:
843:elected Offices
832:IPRP Chapter II
812:
764:
706:
400:PCT application
384:
363:
335:
329:
308:
274:PCT application
239:
135:
133:
67:24 January 1978
59:, United States
44:
42:
28:
23:
22:
18:PCT application
15:
12:
11:
5:
4106:
4104:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
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2742:the original
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2102:Rule 44bis.3
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2016:the original
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1736:the original
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1589:, 07-08/2009
1581:
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1530:. Retrieved
1525:
1509:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:the original
1476:
1467:
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1427:
1420:Rule 4.14bis
1415:
1408:Rule 12.4(a)
1393:Rule 12.3(a)
1372:
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1334:
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1262:
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1163:
1142:Article 1(1)
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2777:17 February
2516:, page 8ff.
2433:, page 8ff.
2376:25 February
1900:29 November
1487:21 February
1346:13 February
1200:, page 141.
1169:26 December
1004:Rule 4.9(b)
784:Switzerland
778:, based in
762:Publication
264:to protect
183:PCT Gazette
80:Signatories
3207:Categories
2526:Article 19
2471:Rule 54bis
2248:25 October
2118:, item 46.
1376:, item 19.
1252:24 October
1129:, item 45.
1113:Article 32
1101:Article 67
1089:Article 68
1077:Article 63
1064:References
890:Statistics
847:Chapter II
796:Portuguese
320:Washington
266:inventions
255:patent law
96:Depositary
57:Washington
45:1970-06-19
2973:web site.
2235:See also
2190:Rule 48.3
2090:Rule 45.1
2044:Rule 42.1
1678:8 October
1436:Rule 18.3
1432:Article 9
855:Chapter I
710:prior art
361:Procedure
351:Venezuela
343:Argentina
108:Languages
72:Condition
64:Effective
3170:treaties
3012:Treaties
2957:WIPO Lex
2881:27 April
2856:27 April
2831:27 April
2469:PCT and
2042:PCT and
1450:PCT and
1391:PCT and
1340:Archived
1192:, 1995,
946:See also
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859:election
416:resident
408:physical
355:Pakistan
53:Location
2969:on the
2955:in the
2751:13 July
2641:PCT or
2586:20 June
2561:20 June
2495:Rule 58
2483:Rule 57
2331:29 July
2305:29 July
2063:20 June
2025:13 July
1981:14 June
1862:11 June
1742:31 July
1614:28 June
1502:Rule 19
1452:Rule 30
1314:20 June
1217:19 June
1015:10 June
972:(GRATK)
857:). The
853:(under
845:(under
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114:English
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1947:29 May
1532:16 May
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1196:
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954:(EAPO)
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788:Arabic
780:Geneva
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526:(ES).
515:(EP).
504:(EG).
495:(CN).
475:(CA).
464:(BR).
455:(AU).
444:(AT).
382:Filing
281:search
258:treaty
119:French
103:(WIPO)
38:Signed
2745:(PDF)
2728:(PDF)
2645:PCT;
2540:PCT;
2366:(PDF)
2277:PCT,
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2019:(PDF)
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1761:(PDF)
1668:(PDF)
1522:(PDF)
1516:PCT;
1454:PCT;
1434:PCT,
1246:(PDF)
1054:chart
977:Notes
960:(PLT)
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614:(SG)
484:(CL)
272:, or
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3008:WIPO
2971:WIPO
2961:WIPO
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2908:ISBN
2883:2022
2858:2022
2833:2022
2802:ISBN
2779:2017
2753:2014
2732:ISBN
2588:2020
2563:2020
2406:2004
2378:2021
2333:2012
2307:2012
2250:2022
2231:2016
2065:2020
2027:2014
2006:ISBN
1983:2013
1949:2022
1902:2021
1864:2016
1839:2016
1796:2017
1771:2016
1744:2015
1680:2013
1672:WIPO
1616:2014
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1534:2022
1489:2016
1348:2014
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