192:
699:“PJM's capacity market, called the Reliability Pricing Model, ensures long-term grid reliability.” Market participants are paid for their promise to be able to generate electricity (or reduce demand) three years in the future. FERC approved a December 2022 PJM proposal to adjust its capacity market operations. However, in a 2/21/23 press release FERC noted “continuing disputes and frequent complaints about how PJM operates its capacity markets from an array of stakeholders” and FERC stated it will “examine the PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. capacity market and how best to guarantee it achieves the objective of ensuring resource adequacy at just and reasonable rates.” In response to this stated FERC intent, and in the belief “near-term changes to the Reliability Pricing Model (RPM) are necessary to ensure that PJM can maintain resource adequacy into the future”, the PJM board “decided to implement the Critical Issue Fast Path (CIFP) accelerated stakeholder process mechanism to further pursue stakeholder consensus that would inform a PJM Board decision on a potential FERC filing targeted for October 1, 2023.”
200:
703:
load to increase to 160,971 MW in 2033 and reach 167,567 MW in 2038. As of June 2022, PJM’s stated capacity was 198,152 MW, which is substantially greater than any peak load ever experienced, or any peak load forecast. One analysis concluded that PJM has been purchasing capacity significantly in excess of load plus target reserve margins, which resulted in “consumers paying for more capacity than needed, retaining older capacity that is no longer needed and should be retired, and acquiring new power plants that are not yet needed.” In its “State of the Market Report for PJM” for 2022, The PJM Independent Market
Monitor found that noncompetitive outcomes in the capacity market “led to customers being overcharged by a combined $ 1.454 billion” in the two year period analyzed.
378:) directed utility owners of interstate transmission lines to provide FERC with proposed terms (including fee schedules, or "tariffs") under which new market participants would be granted open, non-discriminatory access to move (or "wheel") power through the existing transmission grid. FERC also ordered electric utilities to functionally separate transmission operations from their power plant and power marketing businesses. This unbundling of functions was aimed at eliminating conflicts of interest that might exist when the same company owned both the transmission system and the generating plants.
659:. Transition to renewables may also be slowed by features of the PJM pricing models. In an August 2021 letter, the PJM PIEOUG (Public Interest and Environmental Organizations User Group) expressed concern that the capacity market resulted in “unintentional subsidies for fossil fueled resources or barriers to low carbon supply.” Further, PJM has significantly increased interconnection charges. Since 2019 PJM has charged almost triple (increase from well under $ 100/Kw to well over $ 200/Kw) what it charged to interconnect before 2019.
502:, interconnection requests for new and planned retirements of existing generating plants, and possible solutions to mitigate congestion on the transmission system. If the upgrade involves the construction of a new transmission line, local siting decisions involving the route of the new line are determined by the owner of the line and the state government.
184:
451:(ComEd) joined PJM as a separate balancing authority operating under the RTO. PJM was able to manage the two territories in a single market by a mechanism known as "the pathway", a set of firm contracts that transferred energy from ComEd through third party control areas to the eastern PJM markets and beyond. In October 2004,
367:
From 1996 to 1999, the FERC made a series of decisions which resulted in the restructuring of the U.S. electric utility industry. The FERC's intention in doing so was to open the wholesale power market to new players, with the hope that spurring competition would save consumers $ 4 to $ 5 billion per
666:
FERC approved the new GI process 11/29/22. The PJM press release announcing FERC approval states “The proposal was widely supported by PJM stakeholders, who had worked with PJM to develop the new rules since the April 2021 inception of the
Interconnection Process Reform Task Force.” However,
388:) was designed to further level the playing field. It required the creation of an electronic system to ensure that all participants in the wholesale power market - new players and traditional electric utilities - had access to the same information about available transmission capacity and prices.
391:
FERC also endorsed the concept of appointing independent system operators (ISOs) to coordinate, control, and monitor the operation of electrical power systems, often within a single US state - a function that was traditionally the responsibility of vertically integrated electric utility companies.
702:
The amount of capacity OPM purchases (and passes costs along to customers) is the amount it needs to serve expected peak load plus a margin to cover possible delivery interruptions such as generator or transmission outages. The peak load in 2022 was 147,820 MW on July 20. PJM forecasts peak
642:
PJM seriously lags the rest of the country in adding renewable energy. According to the Energy
Information Administration (EIA), in 2021 nationwide 12% of US electric energy was produced by wind and solar. Even a year later in 2022, PJM produced only 4.7% by wind and solar, as seen in the
662:
PJM is aware of the large backlog and slow pace in processing generation interconnection (GI) requests, and requested significant changes to its interconnection process, described by PJM as: “... a comprehensive reform of the PJM interconnection process designed to more efficiently and timely
654:
As of 2022 due to the volume of applications from renewable energy projects PJM has experienced difficulty in evaluating and integrating proposed new projects into its system. This may result in delays in utilization of significant projects that are being built or are planned, delaying the
1226:
667:
one major stakeholder, the
Organization of PJM States, in its comments on the PJM proposal, indicated its recommendation for FERC approval was despite the process being “too slow”, and based on the expectation that much more was to be done to speed up interconnections.
1243:
America's 2030 target picks up the pace of emissions reductions in the United States, compared to historical levels, while supporting
President Biden's existing goals to create a carbon pollution-free power sector by 2035 and net zero emissions economy by no later than
663:
process New
Service Requests by transitioning from a serial “first-come, first-served” queue approach to a “first-ready, first-served” Cycle approach utilized by other regional transmission organizations (“RTOs”) and stand-alone transmission providers. ”
191:
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27:
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called the
Pennsylvania-New Jersey Interconnection. The purpose of the power pool was to dispatch electric generating plants on a lowest cost basis, thereby reducing the electric costs for all members of the pool.
513:
PJM presents hourly a pie chart of its energy sources on the main page of its website. It also provides access to an historical hour by hour database of generation by fuel type, summarized here for 2022.
1586:
403:, issued in 1999, FERC specified the minimum capabilities that an RTO should possess in order for the competitive generation market to function as intended. PJM was designated an RTO by FERC in 2001.
1579:
376:
Promoting
Wholesale Competition Through Open Access Non-discriminatory Transmission Services by Public Utilities; Recovery of Stranded Costs by Public Utilities and Transmitting Utilities
1256:
683:
The energy market sets prices, paid to generators and paid by consumers, for the many GWhrs of electrical energy delivered on the PJM grid. The price is determined by using
510:
As the largest RTO in North
America, PJM has a significant role to play in reducing grid emissions. PJM has "facilitating decarbonization" as one of its three strategic pillars.
199:
1227:"FACT SHEET: President Biden Sets 2030 Greenhouse Gas Pollution Reduction Target Aimed at Creating Good-Paying Union Jobs and Securing U.S. Leadership on Clean Energy Technologies"
431:, the transmission systems within the PJM operations area largely remained operational and were not affected by the power failure. When the grid separated, a small portion of the
643:
table above, although the PJM Independent Market
Monitor reported wind and solar accounted for 6.8% of PJM energy in 2022 which still lags the rest of the country significantly.
371:
656:
1602:
1063:
393:
215:
37:
646:
The low level of renewable generation on PJM is not improving significantly. In 2022, PJM was the only RTO which connected more fossil generation than renewables.
498:
for planning transmission system upgrades. Under PJM's Regional Transmission Expansion Planning (RTEP) process, PJM considers forecasts of load growth and additions of
1002:
935:
293:
until the development of the European Integrated Energy Market in the 2000s. More than 1,000 companies are members of PJM, which serves 65 million people and has 185
396:(RTOs). FERC's intention was that all U.S. companies owning interstate electric transmission lines would place those facilities under the control of an RTO. In its
1324:
415:(AP) was the first external control area to join the PJM RTO as a market participant; "PJM Classic" and AP operated as a single control area, filling the roles of
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328:
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312:
879:
474:
was added to PJM in June 2011, expanding the footprint across northern Ohio to the Michigan border. Areas of Ohio and Kentucky near
986:
919:
308:
Interconnection (PJM) in 1956. The organization continues to integrate additional utility transmission systems into its operations.
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1282:
483:
1325:
https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2022/10/31/all-13-states-in-pjm-grid-region-call-for-pjm-to-make-faster-progress-on-interconnection/
1159:
432:
770:
486:(OVEC) integrated into PJM. At this time, PJM now borders 22 balancing authorities representing eleven market interfaces.
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1472:
297:
of generating capacity. With 1,436 electric power generators and 85,103 miles of transmission lines, PJM delivered 783
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1202:"Overwhelmed by Solar Projects, the Nation's Largest Grid Operator Seeks a Two-Year Pause on Approvals"
1016:
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348:
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332:
1403:"Commission to Examine PJM Capacity Market Operations | Federal Energy Regulatory Commission"
381:
1085:
996:
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290:
675:
Prices are set in PJM by its operation of two markets: an energy market and a capacity market .
397:
1283:
https://elibrary.ferc.gov/eLibrary/filelist?accession_number=20220614-5102&optimized=false
982:
915:
392:
PJM became an ISO in 1997. The concept of an independent system operator evolved into that of
1044:
1143:"Wind, solar, and batteries increasingly account for more new U.S. Power capacity additions"
886:
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542:
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809:"Illinois governor wants clean energy legislation, could push state out of PJM power grid"
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459:(DPL) joined PJM, which allowed PJM to collapse back into a single control area.
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https://insidelines.pjm.com/ferc-approves-interconnection-process-reform-plan/
606:
475:
340:
251:
104:
267:
120:
1045:"U.S. Energy Law: Electricity (About Regional Transmission Organizations)"
183:
1526:"Over-Procurement of Generating Capacity in PJM: Causes and Consequences"
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271:
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84:
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88:
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President Biden's goal of 100 percent carbon-free electricity by 2035
419:, interchange authority, market operator and transmission operator.
26:
198:
190:
1728:
Electric power transmission system operators in the United States
691:
PJM publishes a map of energy price levels throughout its area.
259:
112:
1575:
315:(FERC) regulates PJM and approves its open access transmission
470:
joined PJM, extending the southern border to North Carolina.
463:
203:
During 2013–2017 the PJM Interconnection increased the use of
1347:"International Experiences of Nodal Pricing Implementation"
368:
year and encourage technical innovation in the industry.
195:
PJM coal and natural gas electricity generation, 2013–2017
1257:"Stakeholders letter. Phase II Capacity Market Reforms"
1108:
482:
joined the PJM footprint in January 2012. In 2018, the
170:
1293:
PJM News Release 11/30/2022 PJM 11/30/22 new release:
1064:"PJM completes Ohio Valley Electric Corp. integration"
1556:
854:
International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 48
525:
522:
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1323:10/31/2022 PV magazine article by William Driscoll
1306:
435:of New Jersey zone electrically separated from the
165:
157:
139:
74:
61:
43:
33:
16:
Major electric grid coordinator in northeastern USA
1603:Regional transmission organization (North America)
739:"Meaningful Momentum: PJM 2022 Financial Report".
207:plants while reducing the use of coal-fired plants
1098:Energy Transition in PJM: Frameworks for Analysis
289:, was the world's largest competitive wholesale
218:(RTO) in the United States. It is part of the
1587:
8:
1001:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
934:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
19:
977:Tomain, Joseph and Cudahy, Richard (2004).
910:Tomain, Joseph and Cudahy, Richard (2004).
1613:
1594:
1580:
1572:
1086:"PJM Regional Transmission Expansion Plan"
874:
872:
439:due to over-frequency relay operations.
304:Started in 1927, the pool was renamed the
25:
18:
1154:
1152:
735:
733:
490:Transmission system planning and upgrades
355:joined in 1956, the pool was renamed the
187:ISOs and RTOs of North America as of 2024
1686:Midcontinent Independent System Operator
1049:George Washington University Law Library
516:
443:Deregulation and expansion, 2004-present
386:Open Access Same-Time Information System
182:
1670:Independent Electricity System Operator
1370:"PJM - Locational Marginal Pricing Map"
1186:
1184:
1132:Data Miner 2 - Generation by Fuel Type
712:
329:Public Service Electric and Gas Company
994:
927:
337:Pennsylvania Power & Light Company
319:for the wholesale electricity market.
1634:Electric Reliability Council of Texas
401:(Regional Transmission Organizations)
7:
1160:"State of the Market Report for PJM"
1062:Anderson, Jared (December 3, 2018).
1024:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
313:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
1200:James Bruggers (February 2, 2022).
914:. Thomson-West Group. p. 277.
394:regional transmission organizations
349:Baltimore Gas and Electric Company
216:regional transmission organization
38:Regional transmission organization
14:
1524:James F. Wilson (February 2020).
433:Public Service Electric & Gas
484:Ohio Valley Electric Corporation
466:(DLCO) joined PJM. In May 2005,
407:Deregulation and expansion, 2002
357:Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland
306:Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland
1311:Organization of PJM States, Inc
518:PJM generation by source (MWh)
423:The Northeast Blackout of 2003
1:
1233:. White House. April 22, 2021
771:"PJM Annual Financial Report"
363:FERC Orders 888, 889 and 2000
333:Philadelphia Electric Company
885:. 2007-12-03. Archived from
760:. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
727:. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
689:locational marginal pricing.
636:% from non-emitting sources
526:Non-carbon-emitting sources
224:electric transmission system
1708:(dissolved October 1, 2013)
1557:PJM Interconnection website
1392:PJM - Capacity Market (RPM)
1345:Neuhoff; Boyd (July 2011).
1190:State of the Markets report
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622:total non-emitting sources
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49:; 97 years ago
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1567:PJM Interregional Data Map
429:Northeast Blackout of 2003
359:Interconnection, or PJM.
287:Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
205:natural gas combined cycle
67:Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
1355:Climate Policy Initiative
301:of electricity in 2021.
24:
1679:United States and Canada
981:. Thomson - West Group.
979:Energy Law in a Nutshell
964:Tomain and Cudahy op cit
950:Tomain and Cudahy op cit
912:Energy Law in a Nutshell
788:"PJM 2021 Annual Report"
741:PJM Interconnections LLC
630:% from emitting sources
523:Carbon-emitting sources
494:PJM uses a fifteen-year
457:Dayton Power & Light
353:General Public Utilities
226:serving all or parts of
1499:"Capacity by fuel type"
1167:monitoringanalytics.com
1066:. S&P Global Platts
857:. St. James Press. 2003
758:PJM Interconnection LLC
725:PJM Interconnection LLC
616:total emitting sources
468:Dominion Virginia Power
453:American Electric Power
437:Eastern Interconnection
220:Eastern Interconnection
212:PJM Interconnection LLC
20:PJM Interconnection LLC
1281:FERC document library
285:PJM, headquartered in
208:
196:
188:
202:
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1649:Southwest Power Pool
892:on November 21, 2008
743:. December 31, 2022.
280:District of Columbia
133:District of Columbia
1644:PJM Interconnection
1447:"Summer Operations"
1427:. February 24, 2023
1335:PJM - Energy Market
1206:Inside Climate News
952:. pp. 276–277.
835:"PJM - PJM History"
519:
449:Commonwealth Edison
417:balancing authority
21:
1473:"2023 load report"
1421:"PJM Board Letter"
1088:. PJM. 2008-02-27.
815:. January 30, 2020
517:
464:Duquesne Light Co.
291:electricity market
222:grid operating an
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189:
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1263:. August 10, 2021
650:Renewable backlog
640:
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576:Other Renewables
462:In January 2005,
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1017:"Order No. 2000"
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695:Capacity Market
681:
673:
655:achievement of
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570:Multiple Fuels
508:
500:demand response
492:
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413:Allegheny Power
411:In April 2002,
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966:. p. 277.
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880:"PJM Timeline"
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754:Executive Team
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398:Order No. 2000
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299:terawatt-hours
256:North Carolina
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145:Manu Asthana (
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109:North Carolina
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1617:United States
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685:nodal pricing
679:Energy Market
678:
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372:Order No. 888
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276:West Virginia
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1166:
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1112:
1109:"PJM - Home"
1103:
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1080:
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1057:
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1023:
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887:the original
861:20 September
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812:
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782:
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721:Visiting PJM
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682:
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661:
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645:
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613:506,871,966
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531:167,111,041
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400:
390:
385:
380:
375:
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366:
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327:In 1927 the
326:
310:
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264:Pennsylvania
211:
210:
117:Pennsylvania
62:Headquarters
1562:PJM LMP Map
1374:www.pjm.com
1237:February 5,
1211:February 5,
1113:www.pjm.com
1070:December 6,
839:www.pjm.com
793:31 December
603:32,161,464
539:15,964,309
480:Duke Energy
478:covered by
472:FirstEnergy
427:During the
214:(PJM) is a
76:Area served
1379:2022-02-26
896:2008-08-17
707:References
597:1,376,685
587:7,153,851
581:2,796,223
573:5,383,905
567:4,055,748
476:Cincinnati
455:(AEP) and
341:power pool
278:, and the
252:New Jersey
141:Key people
131:, and the
105:New Jersey
997:cite book
930:cite book
339:formed a
295:gigawatts
268:Tennessee
147:President
121:Tennessee
1722:Category
1538:31 March
1509:31 March
1483:31 March
1457:31 March
1431:31 March
1407:ferc.gov
1267:31 March
1173:31 March
1118:31 March
272:Virginia
248:Michigan
244:Maryland
240:Kentucky
232:Illinois
228:Delaware
125:Virginia
101:Michigan
97:Maryland
93:Kentucky
85:Illinois
81:Delaware
34:Industry
1610:Current
1503:pjm.com
1477:pjm.com
1451:pjm.com
1425:pjm.com
1261:pjm.com
813:Reuters
671:Pricing
561:Nuclear
323:History
236:Indiana
166:Website
158:Members
89:Indiana
52: (
44:Founded
1699:Former
1658:Canada
1505:. 2022
1479:. 2022
1453:. 2022
1307:"Home"
1169:. 2022
1029:7 June
985:
918:
819:9 June
633:39.6%
627:60.4%
600:Other
347:After
335:, and
317:tariff
135:, U.S.
69:, U.S.
1629:NYISO
1624:CAISO
1529:(PDF)
1350:(PDF)
1163:(PDF)
1020:(PDF)
890:(PDF)
883:(PDF)
774:(pdf)
591:Solar
543:Hydro
161:1,111
1706:NBSO
1665:AESO
1540:2023
1511:2023
1485:2023
1459:2023
1433:2023
1269:2023
1244:2050
1239:2022
1213:2022
1175:2023
1120:2023
1072:2018
1031:2021
1003:link
983:ISBN
936:link
916:ISBN
863:2015
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795:2022
607:Wind
584:Oil
535:Coal
351:and
311:The
260:Ohio
175:.com
173:.pjm
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171:www
151:CEO
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