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Very early versions of PRIMOS (revision 6) were originally called DOS (PRIMOS 2) and later DOSVM (PRIMOS 3), but starting with PRIMOS 4, on the P400 system, PRIMOS was the name that stuck. There were many major releases of PRIMOS. The last official revision (24.0.0.R52) was released July 3, 1997. By
304:
in the UK, modified the PRIMOS running on its five 9955 systems so that undergraduates could no longer use the MESSAGE command, that wrapped the PRIMOS SMSG$ () call, to send messages to other undergraduates, because online "chatting" using that command was becoming rife, tying up terminals from the
574:
Prime's PRIMENET software was designed to enable "transparent access to any system in the network without burdening the user with extra commands." With PRIMENET, a user on System A could access files on System B as if they were on System A, or even log into another system using the RLOGIN (Remote
259:
Honeywell, at that time, was uninterested in minicomputers, so they left and founded Prime, "taking" the code with them. They developed hardware optimized to run FORTRAN, including machine instructions that directly implemented FORTRAN's distinctive
328:
included a distinctive construct known as the
Segment Directory. Unlike more traditional directories, the files anchored in a segment directory were located using an integer index, effectively reducing searches of the directory to a simple
543:, duplicating all write operations to a primary disk onto a secondary disk. This redundancy allowed the system to seamlessly continue operations using the mirror partition in the event of a failure of the primary partition. Unlike
547:, which typically requires specific hardware support for disk mirroring, the MIRROR_ON command implemented this functionality at the software level, offering a flexible and cost-effective solution for data redundancy.
320:
and PL/P declined considerably around this time. Programs were guaranteed to run on all current Prime processors (subject to sufficient resources being available), as well as all subsequent Prime processors.
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and the decline of the minicomputer industry, Prime was forced out of the market in the early 1990s, and by the end of 2010 the trademarks for both PRIME and PRIMOS no longer existed.
535:
features to ensure system reliability and data integrity. One notable feature was the MIRROR_ON command, which facilitated the creation of a pair of logically equivalent, identical
607:, called Primix, became available with Primos Release 19.4.2 that was modified to include Unix functions. It co-existed with PRIMOS, allowing users to switch back and forth.
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that were maintained in real-time. This command was instrumental in enhancing the system's resilience to hardware failures. When activated, the MIRROR_ON command initiated
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The source code to PRIMOS was available to customers and, thanks to FORTRAN and PL/P, customers could reasonably modify PRIMOS as needed. For example, around 1990, the
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ASR, the bit was customarily set to 1, and this became Prime's standard. This is vital to realize when transferring data from PRIMOS to almost any other system.
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limited pool available. Messaging using that command was akin to SMS text messaging today, except a maximum of 80 characters could be sent per message.
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256:. This connection with Honeywell extended to the point that the original Prime computers were compatible with Honeywell Series 16 minicomputers.
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333:. Segment Directories were used in their Keyed-Index/Direct Access (KI/DA) file access system and in later versions of the system loader.
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type, etc. FORTRAN was, however, the language most known to engineers, and engineers were a big market for Prime in their early years.
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but with the 8th bit inverted. The original 7-bit standard for ASCII left the 8th bit unspecified, but on the commonly available
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systems. It rapidly gained popularity and by the mid-1980s was a serious contender as a mainline minicomputer operating system.
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The unusual choice of FORTRAN for the OS programming language had to do with the people who founded Prime. They had worked for
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297:, languages were used in the Kernel. Furthermore, some new PRIMOS utilities were written in SP/L, which was similar to PL/P.
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COMO – Command output – similar to a batch log file, but also usable interactively
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http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/prime/doc/DOC9304-6LA_Operators_Guide_To_System_Commands_Rev23.3_May92.pdf
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this time, a company called
Peritus (which employed a number of ex-Prime engineers) was maintaining PRIMOS.
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that immediately began to run in the background when initiated by the PHANTOM command. "Conventional"
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Indexed data could be stored in a MIDAS file: Multi-Indexed Data Access System and be accessed via
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were initiated via the JOB command, including the ability to schedule them for a particular time.
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988:. Vol. 4, no. 43. IDG Network World Inc. pp. 1, 33–35 – via Google Books.
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project. FORTRAN was the language they had used both at NASA and, for many of them, at
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used PRIMOS CPL as a basis for the platform-independent scripting languages AML (for
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68:
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about the Prime 50-series emulator he created, running PRIMOS 19.2 (7 April 2007)
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From
Revision 19, major portions of PRIMOS were written in the languages SPL and
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A Prime 9950 computer system with CRT console showing PRIMOS on the screen, in
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DBASIC – Interpreted BASIC with double-precision arithmetic
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731:"history - Why was Fortran never used to develop an Operating System?"
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Prime's command shell language, introduced with PRIMOS 18.2 in 1981
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278:. Late models of the hardware were eventually modified to support
167:
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https://sysovl.info/pages/blobs/prime/brochures/jim/PrimeCPL.pdf
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Prime had also offered a customizable real-time OS called RTOS.
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This article is about the operating system. For other uses, see
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Primes's main offerings, each covering a specific need, were:
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RPG – Compiles an RPG II program (non-virtual)
253:
372:'s demise, a list of languages supported by Primos included:
781:
It was public domain, having been written with NASA funding.
583:
Released similar timing to PRIMENET, it enabled high-speed
345:
or FORTRAN. Among the third-party tools was a package named
467:
VRPG – Compiles an RPG II program (virtual)
1048:
942:. IDG Enterprise. 31 August 1981 – via Google Books.
699:"Primos Internal Structure O.S. Notes - Computing History"
225:
library functions available). At first, this language was
499:
This was a step beyond what already was available via:
912:"INTRODUCTION TO THE PRIMOS OPERATING SYSTEM, Part IV"
898:"INTRODUCTION TO THE PRIMOS OPERATING SYSTEM, Part II"
820:"INTRODUCTION TO THE PRIMOS OPERATING SYSTEM, Part V"
790:
free at the beginning, but subsequently Prime charged
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COMI – Command input (.COMI filetype)
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834:"CPL - Primos command language (Computer Language)"
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82:
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48:
36:
982:"Planning for open systems takes Prime Importance"
531:The PRIMOS operating system incorporated advanced
324:In the versions of PRIMOS ca. 1977 and later, the
1001:"Prime adds Unix environment for 50 series users"
316:, the usage of the Prime Macro Assembler _(PMA),
454:Also available, but relatively uncommon, were:
1385:
1064:
766:"Oral History of John William (Bill) Poduska"
717:"Prime MAN2602 Primos Interactive User Guide"
693:
691:
464:SPL – Compiles an SPL program
8:
808:. Vol. XV, no. 35. 31 August 1981.
799:from Computer Techniques, Inc. OLYPHANT, Pa.
31:
1612:
1520:
1392:
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1370:
1071:
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30:
480:, CPL (Command Procedure Language). This
1007:. Vol. XIX, no. 20. p. 7.
421:Non-shared (non-virtual) COBOL compiler
229:IV, which was an odd choice from a pure
213:One feature of PRIMOS was that it, like
633:
405:Compiles FORTRAN 77 or FORTRAN IV code
352:The PRIMOS character set was basically
267:Since Prime's hardware did not perform
1298:General Comprehensive Operating System
953:Allison Smith, ed. (22 October 2013).
672:
670:
959:. Butterworth & Co. p. 228.
802:"Prime Users Offered Queo-IV Package"
515:"Phantoms" were a form of unattended
448:Assembles Prime Macro Assembler code
7:
1313:Multiple Console Time Sharing System
661:"The Ultimate Fate of Prime, PRIMOS"
603:In 1985, Prime's port of AT&T's
735:Software Engineering Stack Exchange
476:Late versions of PRIMOS included a
285:Later, at version 16, a version of
271:, there was no impetus to create a
980:Fahey, Michael (26 October 1987).
595:2780/3790 emulation was included.
14:
1496:Object-oriented operating system
1356:
1355:
1122:
1035:from comp.sys.prime Usenet group
956:CAD International Directory 1986
751:operating system was written in
374:
1912:Discontinued operating systems
1506:Supercomputer operating system
1344:Compatible Time-Sharing System
658:abandoned, expired,"cancelled"
389:Virtual memory BASIC compiler
282:, and programs compiled in C.
187:developed during the 1970s by
88:24.0.0.R52 / July 3, 1997
1:
1907:Proprietary operating systems
1275:Multics Relational Data Store
999:Desmond, John (20 May 1985).
880:".:: Phrack Magazine ::"
622:Timeline of operating systems
429:Compiles PL/1, subset G code
1481:Just enough operating system
1466:Distributed operating system
1027:Usenet post of Jim Wilcoxson
719:. Prime Computer. June 1976.
1594:User space and kernel space
703:www.computinghistory.org.uk
217:, was largely written in a
1938:
1501:Real-time operating system
18:
1697:Multilevel feedback queue
1692:Fixed-priority preemptive
1476:Hobbyist operating system
1471:Embedded operating system
1353:
1120:
649:US Trademark No. 73122880
640:US Trademark No. 73123025
617:List of operating systems
413:Compiles FORTRAN IV code
146:Text-based user interface
1740:General protection fault
1491:Network operating system
1445:User features comparison
1486:Mobile operating system
438:University of Sheffield
1589:Loadable kernel module
262:3-way branch operation
177:
90:; 27 years ago
21:Primo (disambiguation)
1657:Process control block
1623:Computer multitasking
1461:Disk operating system
926:"7.2-Prime Computers"
585:local area networking
381:Prime BASIC compiler
302:University of Salford
171:
1828:Virtual tape library
1420:Forensic engineering
1199:Michael A. Padlipsky
678:"Comp.Sys.Prime FAQ"
517:background processes
482:interpreted language
1837:Supporting concepts
1823:Virtual file system
1239:Victor A. Vyssotsky
1144:Fernando J. Corbató
219:high level language
198:With the advent of
161:commercial software
33:
1760:Segmentation fault
1608:Process management
1033:Prime Computer FAQ
747:mentions that the
478:scripting language
183:is a discontinued
178:
1894:
1893:
1750:Memory protection
1721:Memory management
1715:
1714:
1707:Shortest job next
1602:
1601:
1401:Operating systems
1367:
1366:
1219:Michael Schroeder
1174:Bernard Greenberg
1022:Sourcecode Rev 19
452:
451:
358:Teletype Model 33
223:assembly language
166:
165:
59:Assembly language
1929:
1849:Computer network
1613:
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1394:
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1380:
1371:
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1214:Glenda Schroeder
1189:Peter G. Neumann
1169:Robert M. Graham
1154:Peter J. Denning
1126:
1104:General Electric
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575:Login) command.
511:PHANTOMS vs JOBS
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231:computer science
185:operating system
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28:Operating system
16:Operative System
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533:fault tolerance
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527:Fault Tolerance
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397:COBOL compiler
368:By the time of
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269:byte addressing
233:standpoint: no
221:(with callable
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174:Kean University
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1917:Multics-like
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1255:Space Travel
1229:Ken Thompson
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193:minicomputer
180:
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104:Available in
78:Discontinued
69:Multics-like
25:
1798:Device file
1788:Boot loader
1702:Round-robin
1627:Cooperative
1563:Rump kernel
1553:Multikernel
1543:Microkernel
1440:Usage share
1339:Project MAC
1323:Stratus VOS
1194:Joe Ossanna
1159:Jack Dennis
1114:Groupe Bull
494:PC-ARC/INFO
492:) and SML (
337:Data access
158:Proprietary
1901:Categories
1728:protection
1684:algorithms
1682:Scheduling
1631:Preemptive
1577:Components
1548:Monolithic
1415:Comparison
884:phrack.org
628:References
551:Networking
537:partitions
521:batch jobs
364:User tools
326:filesystem
318:FORTRAN IV
132:Monolithic
95:1997-07-03
50:Written in
1818:Partition
1735:Bus error
1662:Real-time
1642:Interrupt
1568:Unikernel
1533:Exokernel
1293:Domain/OS
1109:Honeywell
1099:Bell Labs
1087:Developer
472:Scripting
289:, called
246:Honeywell
209:Internals
115:Platforms
65:OS family
38:Developer
1864:Live USB
1726:resource
1616:Concepts
1454:Variants
1435:Timeline
1361:Category
1248:Software
1044:Software
611:See also
570:PRIMENET
559:PRIMENET
314:Modula-2
295:Modula-2
276:compiler
235:pointers
191:for its
1859:Live CD
1813:Journal
1777:access,
1775:Storage
1652:Process
1558:vkernel
1425:History
1408:General
1332:Related
1308:ICL VME
1286:systems
1265:Macsyma
1260:Maclisp
1080:Multics
579:RINGNET
562:RINGNET
490:ArcInfo
440:Pascal
227:FORTRAN
153:License
139:Default
109:English
93: (
55:FORTRAN
1667:Thread
1538:Hybrid
1516:Kernel
1318:PRIMOS
1303:GEORGE
1132:People
963:
599:Primix
545:RAID 1
434:PASCAL
418:NCOBOL
386:BASICV
280:I-mode
239:string
181:PRIMOS
126:Kernel
32:PRIMOS
1869:Shell
1808:Inode
769:(PDF)
753:ALGOL
394:COBOL
378:BASIC
354:ASCII
343:COBOL
248:on a
1430:List
961:ISBN
841:2018
486:ESRI
426:PL1G
347:Queo
291:PL/P
287:PL/I
250:NASA
215:UNIX
128:type
1886:PXE
1874:CLI
1854:HAL
1844:API
1647:IPC
1094:MIT
591:RJE
565:RJE
496:).
445:PMA
410:FTN
402:F77
254:MIT
200:PCs
1903::
1629:,
1003:.
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690:^
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57:,
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273:C
97:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
