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PS/2 port

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bit) on the Data line serially as it toggles the Clock line once for each bit. The host controls the direction of communication using the Clock line; when the host pulls it low, communication from the attached device is inhibited. The host can interrupt the device by pulling Clock low while the device is transmitting; the device can detect this by Clock staying low when the device releases it to go high as the device-generated clock signal toggles. When the host pulls Clock low, the device must immediately stop transmitting and release Clock and Data to both float high. (So far, all of this is the same as the unidirectional communication protocol of the IBM PC keyboard port, though the serial frame formats differ.) The host can use this state of the interface simply to inhibit the device from transmitting when the host is not ready to receive. (For the IBM PC keyboard port, this was the only normal use of signalling from the computer to the keyboard. The keyboard could not be commanded to retransmit a keyboard scan code after it had been sent, since there was no reverse data channel to carry commands to the keyboard, so the only way to avoid losing scan codes when the computer was too busy to receive them was to inhibit the keyboard from sending them until the computer was ready. This mode of operation is still an option on the IBM AT and PS/2 keyboard port.)
559:, and keyboards designed for one can be connected to the other with a simple wiring adapter. Such wiring adapters and adapter cables were once commonly available for sale. Note that IBM PC and PC XT keyboards use a different unidirectional protocol with the same DIN connector as AT keyboards, so though a PC or XT keyboard can be connected to PS/2 port using a wiring adapter intended for an AT keyboard, the earlier keyboard will not work with the PS/2 port. (At least, it cannot work with normal PS/2 keyboard driver software, including the system BIOS keyboard driver.) 486:
to transmit in the other direction. However, while device-to-host transmission reads bits on falling Clock edges, transmission in the other direction reads bits on rising edges. After the data byte, the host releases the Data line, and the device will pull the Data line low for one clock period to indicate successful reception. A keyboard normally interprets the received byte as a command or a parameter for a preceding command. The device will not attempt to transmit to the host until both Clock and Data have been high for a minimum period of time.
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on the motherboard. This makes design and manufacturing extremely simple and cheap. However, a rare side effect of this design is that a malfunctioning device can cause the controller to become confused, resulting in both devices acting erratically. (A well designed and programmed controller will not
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To send a byte of data back to the device, the host pulls Clock low, waits briefly, pulls Data low and releases the Clock line again. The device then generates a Clock signal while the host outputs a frame of bits on the Data line, one bit per Clock pulse, similar to what the attached device would do
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PS/2 connectors are not designed to be plugged in and out very often, which can lead to bent or broken pins. Additionally, PS/2 connectors only insert in one direction and must be rotated correctly before attempting connection. (If a user attempts to insert the connector in the wrong orientation and
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If they are hot swapped, the devices must be similar enough that the driver running on the host system recognizes and can be used with the new device. Otherwise, the new device will not function properly. While this is seldom an issue with standard keyboard devices, the host system rarely recognizes
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Transmission from the device to the host is favored because from the normal idle state, the device does not have to seize the channel before it can transmit—the device just begins transmitting immediately. In contrast, the host must seize the channel by pulling first the Clock line and then the Data
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The interface has two main signal lines, Data and Clock. These are single-ended signals driven by open-collector drivers at each end. Normally, the transmission is from the device to the host. To transmit a byte, the device simply outputs a serial frame of data (including 8 bits of data and a parity
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connector used by Apple, a given system's keyboard and mouse port may not be interchangeable since the two devices use different sets of commands and the device drivers generally are hard-coded to communicate with each device at the address of the port that is conventionally assigned to that device.
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wiring adapter to allow connection to a PS/2 port. Such passive adapters are not standardized and may therefore be specific to the device they came with. Connecting them to a PS/2 port would require a protocol converter, actively translating between the protocols. Such adapters only support certain
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Also, USB mice do not cause the USB controller to interrupt the system when they have no status change to report according to the USB HID specification's default profile for mice. Both PS/2 and USB allow the sample rate to be overridden, with PS/2 supporting a sampling rate of up to 200 Hz and
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design. The PS/2 keyboard port is electrically and logically identical to the IBM AT keyboard port, differing only in the type of electrical connector used. The PS/2 platform introduced a second port with the same design as the keyboard port for use to connect a mouse; thus the PS/2-style keyboard
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computers and care should be taken to avoid damaged or bent pins when connecting devices. This issue is slightly alleviated in modern times with the advent of the PS/2-to-USB adapter: users can just leave a PS/2 connector plugged into the PS/2-to-USB adapter at all times and not risk damaging the
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USB mice send data more quickly than PS/2 mice because standard USB mice are polled at a default rate of 125 Hz while standard PS/2 mice send interrupts at a default rate of 100 Hz when they have data to send to the computer. However, PS/2 mice and keyboards are favored by many gamers
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requires that it explicitly handle key rollover, with the full HID keyboard class supporting n-key rollover. However, the USB boot keyboard class (designed to allow the BIOS to easily provide a keyboard in the absence of OS USB HID support) only allows 6-key rollover. Some keyboard peripherals
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channel. The channel is slightly asymmetrical: it favors transmission from the input device to the computer, which is the majority case. The bidirectional IBM AT and PS/2 keyboard interface is a development of the unidirectional IBM PC keyboard interface, using the same signal lines but adding
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and some contemporary motherboards have a single port that supports either a keyboard or a mouse. Sometimes the port also allows one of the devices to be connected to the two normally unused pins in the connector to allow both to be connected at once through a special splitter cable. This
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Older PS/2-only peripherals can be connected to a USB port via an active converter, which generally provides a pair of PS/2 ports (which may be designated as one keyboard and one mouse, even though both ports may support both protocols) at the cost of one USB port on the host computer.
566:(which was generally used for mice on PCs without PS/2 ports), but nonetheless many mice were made that could operate on both with a simple passive wiring adapter, where the mice would detect the presence of the adapter based on its wiring and then switch protocols accordingly. 795:
used the color orange for the keyboard connector for a short period, but soon switched to purple.) Today this code is still used on most PCs. The pinouts of the connectors are the same, but most computers will not recognize devices connected to the wrong port.
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Many keyboards and mice were specifically designed to support both the USB and the PS/2 interfaces and protocols, selecting the appropriate connection type at power-on. Such devices are generally equipped with a USB connector and ship with a
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However, as of 2023, although PS/2 ports are rarely included in off the shelf computer systems, they continue to be included on some computer motherboards and are favored by some users for various reasons including the following:
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PS/2 ports are designed to connect the digital I/O lines of the microcontroller in the external device directly to the digital lines of the microcontroller on the motherboard. They are not designed to be
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PS/2 ports may be favored for security reasons in a corporate environment as they allow USB ports to be totally disabled, preventing the connection of any USB removable disks and malicious USB devices.
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standard introduced a color code: the keyboard port, and the plugs on compliant keyboards, were purple; mouse ports and plugs were green. (Some vendors initially used a different color code;
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Most but not all connectors include an arrow or flat section which is usually aligned to the right or top of the jack before being plugged in. The exact direction may vary on older or non-
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because they essentially have zero latency through the port. There is no "polling" needed by the OS. The device notifies the OS when it's time to receive a packet of data from it.
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behave in this way.) The resulting problems can be difficult to troubleshoot (e.g., a bad mouse can cause problems that appear to be the fault of the keyboard and vice versa).
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There is actually no technical reason that either port could not work with either type of device, if appropriate software was written to support that arrangement.
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Compare the logic diagrams in the IBM Personal Computer Technical Reference manual with those in the IBM Personal Computer AT Technical Reference manual.
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line low and waiting for the device to have time to release the channel and prepare to receive; only then can the host begin to transmit data.
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and mouse interfaces are electrically similar and employ the same communication protocol. However, unlike the otherwise similar
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support only the latter class, and some OSes may fail to switch to using the full HID keyboard class with a device after boot.
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on certain motherboards due to driver issues or lack of support. The PS/2 interface has near-universal compatibility with BIOS.
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the new device attached to the PS/2 mouse port. In practice most keyboards can be hot swapped but this should be avoided.
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PS/2 mouse and keyboard connectors have also been used in non-IBM PC-compatible computer systems, such as the DEC
2005: 1617: 30:"PS/2 keyboard" and "PS/2 mouse" redirect here. For the keyboards normally supplied with IBM PS/2 computers, see 381:
Keyboard and mouse ports may be combined into a single port which can be used to connect both by splitter cable.
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then tries to rotate it to the correct orientation without first pulling it out, then bent pins could result.)
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Original PS/2 connectors were black or had the same color as the connecting cable (mainly white). Later, the
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USB supporting a polling rate up to 1 kHz as long as the mouse runs at full-speed USB speeds or higher.
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ports now normally preferred for connecting keyboards and mice. This dates back at least as far as the
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capability to send data back to the keyboard from the computer; this explains the asymmetry.
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The PS/2 keyboard interface is electrically the same as the 5-pin DIN connector on earlier
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classes of USB devices such as keyboards and mice, but are not model- or vendor-specific.
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Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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IBM Personal Computer Technical Reference, IBM Personal Computer AT Technical Reference
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6-pin mini-DIN connector for connecting keyboards and mice to a PC compatible computer
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The color-coded PS/2 connection ports (purple for keyboard and green for mouse)
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In contrast to this, the PS/2 mouse interface is substantially different from
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Serial data at 10.0–16.7 kHz with 1 start bit, 8 data bits (
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PC System Design Guide § Color-coding scheme for connectors and ports
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In a standard implementation both PS/2 ports are usually controlled by a
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PS/2 dualport, corresponding splitter (Y-cable) and pinout (female).
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pins this way. A USB-to-PS/2 adapter does not have this problem.
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To free USB ports for other uses like removable USB devices.
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keyboard with non-standard colored PS/2 connector (orange)
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Technical information on Interfacing with the AT keyboard
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Hardware Interface Technical Reference -Common Technical-
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PS/2 keyboard and mouse mini-DIN 6 connector pinouts
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Its name comes from the 390:Sometimes, mouse Data for splitter cable. 1121:"PS/2 Keyboard (IBM Thinkpad) Y adapter" 1055: 374: 2011:Computer-related introductions in 1987 1378:, Computer engineering, archived from 1254:"Device Class Definition for HID 1.11" 976:Bus powered PS/2 female-to-USB adapter 7: 1970:List of pioneers in computer science 832:adding citations to reliable sources 1315:Adam Chapweske (5 September 2003). 1195:Anthony, Sebastian (31 July 2014). 1142:Lenerz, Gerhard (7 November 2006). 923:about i8042 issues as described in 596:and the Power Computing PowerBase. 1317:"The PS/2 Mouse/Keyboard Protocol" 25: 1278:"N-key Rollover via PS/2 and USB" 910: 808: 520: 511: 502: 135:USB human interface device class 49: 819:needs additional citations for 683:Conversion between PS/2 and USB 299:Female connector from the front 1996:Deutsches Institut für Normung 1400:, Beyond logic, archived from 1078:. 1 April 2003. Archived from 817:This section: Hardware issues 1: 1960:History of computing hardware 642:mode, which is the exception. 552:notebooks among many others. 1828:Network interface controller 670:USB key rollover limitations 2016:Computer hardware standards 1625:Refreshable braille display 1567:Refreshable braille display 1280:. Geek hack. Archived from 1174:"Power Computing PowerBase" 541:configuration is common on 344:+5 V DC at 275 mA 96:; 37 years ago 2032: 1150:. SGIstuff. Archived from 1076:"The PS/2 Mouse Interface" 706: 676:USB HID keyboard interface 600:Legacy port status and USB 29: 1375:PS/2 In-depth information 759: 726: 604:PS/2 is now considered a 371: 298: 287: 275: 267: 256: 244: 231: 217: 209: 198: 183: 175: 167: 159: 151: 129: 111: 93: 83: 63: 48: 210:Dedicated pin and shield 168:4 wires plus shield 1734:Central processing unit 623:specification of 2000. 467:Each port implements a 1144:"Common Input Devices" 999:single microcontroller 977: 921:is missing information 721: 463:Communication protocol 293: 142:General specifications 1082:on 16 September 2008. 975: 716: 432:IBM Personal System/2 292: 1357:. IBM. October 1990. 1284:on 25 December 2010. 828:improve this article 418:used for connecting 1991:Computer connectors 1382:on 1 September 2006 1323:on 16 November 2016 1012:BIOS interrupt call 45: 2001:Computer keyboards 1266:on 11 August 2014. 978: 722: 436:personal computers 416:mini-DIN connector 294: 127:Superseded by 76:Production history 1978: 1977: 1948: 1947: 1878:Analog audio jack 1599: 1598: 1404:on 30 August 2018 1203:. Ziff Davis, LLC 948: 947: 904: 903: 896: 878: 785: 784: 494:Port availability 456:Apple Desktop Bus 408: 407: 121:Mini-DIN-9 InPort 16:(Redirected from 2023: 2006:Pointing devices 1853: 1504:Optical trackpad 1469:Pointing devices 1465: 1441: 1434: 1427: 1418: 1412: 1411: 1409: 1390: 1389: 1387: 1368: 1358: 1350: 1333: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1319:. Archived from 1312: 1306: 1305: 1299: 1292: 1286: 1285: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1265: 1259:. 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Low end Mac 1175: 1169: 1166: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1138: 1135: 1123:. RU: Pinouts 1122: 1116: 1113: 1107: 1104: 1098: 1095: 1089: 1086: 1081: 1077: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1059: 1056: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1017:DIN connector 1015: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1005: 1003: 1000: 992: 990: 987: 982: 974: 967: 965: 961: 959: 958:hot swappable 950: 942: 939:December 2020 932: 926: 922: 919:This section 917: 913: 908: 907: 898: 895: 887: 876: 873: 869: 866: 862: 859: 855: 852: 848: 845: –  844: 840: 839:Find sources: 833: 829: 823: 822: 815: 811: 806: 805: 799: 797: 794: 790: 781: 777: 774: 771: 768: 767: 763: 757: 753: 749: 746: 743: 740: 739: 735: 732: 730: 725: 719: 715: 710: 702: 700: 696: 693: 692: 682: 680: 677: 669: 667: 663: 656: 651: 647: 644: 641: 637: 633: 630: 629: 628: 624: 622: 619: 615: 611: 607: 599: 597: 595: 591: 588:, and newer ( 587: 583: 580:machines and 579: 576: 572: 567: 565: 560: 558: 553: 551: 548: 544: 539: 523: 514: 505: 493: 491: 487: 483: 479: 476: 473: 470: 469:bidirectional 462: 460: 457: 452: 448: 447:DIN connector 444: 441: 437: 433: 429: 428:PC compatible 425: 421: 417: 413: 396: 393: 387: 384: 378: 375: 370: 367:Not connected 366: 364: 360: 357: 354: 351: 347: 343: 341: 338: 334: 330: 327: 323: 320:Not connected 319: 317: 313: 309: 306: 302: 297: 291: 286: 281: 278: 271: 263: 260: 252: 248: 240: 235: 227: 213: 205: 202: 194: 189: 186: 179: 171: 163: 155: 149: 148:Hot pluggable 145: 140: 136: 132: 125: 122: 118: 114: 113:DIN connector 107: 89: 86: 79: 74: 70: 66: 59: 52: 47: 41: 37: 36:PlayStation 2 33: 19: 18:PS/2 keyboard 1924: 1816:Power MOSFET 1799:Power supply 1768:Data storage 1704:Flash memory 1682:Optical disc 1664:data storage 1406:, retrieved 1402:the original 1396: 1386:11 September 1384:, retrieved 1380:the original 1374: 1367:, Burton sys 1363: 1353: 1325:. Retrieved 1321:the original 1310: 1301: 1290: 1282:the original 1272: 1261:the original 1248: 1234: 1205:. Retrieved 1200: 1190: 1178:. Retrieved 1168: 1156:. Retrieved 1152:the original 1147: 1137: 1125:. Retrieved 1115: 1106: 1097: 1088: 1080:the original 1058: 996: 983: 979: 962: 954: 936: 920: 890: 881: 871: 864: 857: 850: 838: 826:Please help 821:verification 818: 786: 697: 689: 686: 673: 664: 660: 636:key rollover 625: 603: 571:AlphaStation 568: 561: 557:AT keyboards 554: 535: 488: 484: 480: 466: 449:used in the 411: 409: 395: 386: 377: 265:Max. devices 229:Max. current 215:Max. voltage 40: 1915:Serial port 1906:(IEEE 1394) 1883:DisplayPort 1873:Thunderbolt 1746:Motherboard 1709:Memory card 1677:Floppy disk 1519:Touchscreen 1327:26 November 1201:ExtremeTech 1031:Connections 951:Hotplugging 843:"PS/2 port" 606:legacy port 472:synchronous 414:is a 6-pin 242:Data signal 232:275 mA 1985:Categories 1662:Removable 1647:Sound card 1577:Sound chip 1572:Sound card 1562:Microphone 1452:components 1302:TechTarget 1207:26 October 1051:References 968:Durability 884:March 2011 854:newspapers 703:Color code 434:series of 257:7–12  223:0.5 V 191:Electrical 185:Mini-DIN-6 109:Superseded 1925:PS/2 port 1920:Game port 1833:Fax modem 1672:Disk pack 1524:Trackball 1487:Light pen 1026:Bus mouse 931:talk page 618:Microsoft 451:IBM PC/AT 420:keyboards 412:PS/2 port 199:5 V 181:Connector 44:PS/2 port 1904:FireWire 1897:Obsolete 1863:Ethernet 1642:Speakers 1540:Keyboard 1514:Touchpad 1449:computer 1408:25 March 1158:14 March 1148:Hardware 1006:See also 793:Logitech 780:keyboard 775:/ 2715C 762:mini-DIN 747:/ 3395C 733:Function 727:Color / 586:Indigo 2 582:SGI Indy 550:Thinkpad 273:Protocol 157:External 91:Designed 81:Designer 65:Keyboard 1953:Related 1856:Current 1697:Blu-ray 1635:Plotter 1630:Printer 1613:Monitor 1589:Softcam 1497:Optical 1180:4 April 1127:14 June 925:Glasgow 868:scholar 769:  764:female 741:  729:Pantone 691:passive 621:PC 2001 608:, with 575:RS/6000 538:laptops 254:Bitrate 99: ( 1811:MOSFET 1751:Memory 1618:Screen 1584:Webcam 1447:Basic 870:  863:  856:  849:  841:  773:Purple 760:6-pin 718:Compaq 590:Octane 564:RS-232 547:Lenovo 536:Older 475:serial 443:RS-232 331:Ground 283:Pinout 277:Serial 268:1 or 2 259:kbit/s 196:Signal 1930:eSATA 1848:Ports 1533:Other 1492:Mouse 1349:(PDF) 1264:(PDF) 1257:(PDF) 875:JSTOR 861:books 789:PC 97 778:PS/2 752:mouse 750:PS/2 745:Green 614:Intel 426:to a 362:Pin 6 356:Clock 349:Pin 5 336:Pin 4 325:Pin 3 315:Pin 2 307:+DATA 304:Pin 1 207:Earth 165:Cable 1888:HDMI 1804:SMPS 1792:SSHD 1786:NVMe 1782:SATA 1761:BIOS 1410:2012 1388:2006 1329:2016 1209:2015 1182:2011 1160:2007 1129:2011 1035:mice 847:news 674:The 650:BIOS 578:CHRP 440:DE-9 424:mice 422:and 410:The 352:+CLK 310:Data 237:Data 173:Pins 119:and 101:1987 94:1987 67:and 61:Type 1940:VGA 1935:DVI 1868:USB 1821:VRM 1778:SSD 1773:HDD 1756:RAM 1692:DVD 1555:GPU 1045:USB 1033:on 1019:on 986:ATX 830:by 610:USB 543:IBM 340:Vcc 328:GND 247:LSB 219:5.0 160:Yes 131:USB 85:IBM 1987:: 1784:/ 1687:CD 1351:. 1300:. 1217:^ 1199:. 1146:. 1067:^ 754:/ 584:, 201:DC 152:No 115:, 1788:) 1780:( 1440:e 1433:t 1426:v 1413:. 1391:. 1369:. 1331:. 1304:. 1242:. 1228:. 1211:. 1184:. 1162:. 1131:. 941:) 937:( 933:. 927:. 897:) 891:( 886:) 882:( 872:· 865:· 858:· 851:· 824:. 616:/ 545:/ 221:± 176:6 137:) 133:( 103:) 38:. 20:)

Index

PS/2 keyboard
Model M keyboard
PlayStation 2

Keyboard
computer mouse
IBM
DIN connector
DE-9 connector
Mini-DIN-9 InPort
USB
USB human interface device class
Hot pluggable
Mini-DIN-6
DC
LSB
kbit/s
Serial

Vcc
Clock
mini-DIN connector
keyboards
mice
PC compatible
IBM Personal System/2
personal computers
DE-9
RS-232
DIN connector

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