1316:
1678:
8120:
40:
1816:, CA meaning "Core Alone", model premiered on 23 April 2007. The CA model does not include the six strap-on boosters used by the PSLV standard variant but two SITVC tanks with Roll Control Thruster modules are still attached to the side of the first stage with addition of two cylindrical aerodynamic stabilizers. The fourth stage of the CA variant has 400 kg (880 lb) less propellant when compared to its standard version. It currently has capability to launch 1,100 kg (2,400 lb) to 622 km (386 mi)
1403:
1861:
1469:
2868:
2239:
1137:
2864:
2253:
8028:
2225:
2339:
5468:
1963:
As of 1 January 2024 the PSLV has made 60 launches, with 57 successfully reaching their planned orbits, two outright failures and one partial failure, yielding a success rate of 95% (or 97% including the partial failure). All launches have occurred from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, known
1786:
ISRO has envisaged a number of variants of PSLV to cater to different mission requirements. There are currently two operational versions of the PSLV — the core-alone (PSLV-CA) without strap-on motors, and the (PSLV-XL) version, with six extended length (XL) strap-on motors carrying 12 tonnes of HTPB
1156:
began in 1978. Among 35 proposed configurations, four were picked; by
November 1980, a vehicle configuration with two strap-ons on a core booster (S80) with 80 tonne solid propellant loading each, a liquid stage with 30 tonne propellant load (L30), and an upper stage called the Perigee-Apogee System
1244:
problem led to the collision of the second and third stages at separation, and the payload failed to reach orbit. After this initial setback, the PSLV successfully completed its second mission in 1994. The fourth launch of PSLV suffered a partial failure in 1997, leaving its payload in a lower than
3081:
About a year later, an important change was made, with the solid fourth stage being substituted by a liquid stage. This change was considered necessary since the accuracy with which the IRS satellites had to be put into orbit — within 15 km in terms of orbital height and within 0.1° of the desired
1831:
is the upgraded version of Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle in its standard configuration boosted by more powerful, stretched strap-on boosters with 12 tonne propellant load. Weighing 320 t (310 long tons; 350 short tons) at lift-off, the vehicle uses larger strap-on motors (PSOM-XL or S12) to
1181:
first stage, liquid fueled second stage (L33), and two solid upper stages (S7 and S2.) This configuration needed further improvement to meet the orbital injection accuracy requirements of IRS satellites, and hence, the solid terminal stage (S2) was replaced with a pressure fed liquid fueled stage
1591:
on PSLV-C14 and mRESINS on PSLV-C21. But now, PS4 is being augmented to serve as a long duration orbital platform after completion of primary mission. PS4 Orbital
Platform (PS4-OP) will have its own power supply, telemetry package, data storage and attitude control for hosted payloads.
1693:
Payload fairing of PSLV, also referred as its "Heatshield" consists of a conical upper section with spherical nose-cap, a cylindrical middle section and a lower boat-tail section. Weighing 1,182 kilograms (2,606 lb), it has 3.2 meter diameter and 8.3 meter height. It has
1176:
rocket engine firmed up, a new lighter configuration with the inclusion of a liquid powered stage was selected. Funding was approved in July 1982 for the finalized design, employing a single large S125 solid core as first stage with six 9 tonne strap-ons (S9) derived from the
1383:. Four boosters are ground-lit and the remaining two ignite 25 seconds after launch. The solid boosters carry 9 t (8.9 long tons; 9.9 short tons) or 12 t (12 long tons; 13 short tons) (for PSLV-XL configuration) propellant and produce 510 kN (110,000 lb
1569:. A total of 19 weld joints were eliminated through this process while engine's 14 components were reduced to one piece. It saved 60% of the production time and drastically decreased the amount of raw materials used per engine, from 565 kg to 13.7 kg of metal powder.
3413:
3847:
1799:
had four stages using solid and liquid propulsion systems alternately and six strap-on motors (PSOM or S9) with 9 tonne propellant loading. It had capability to launch 1,678 kg (3,699 lb) to 622 km (386 mi) into sun-synchronous orbit.
4547:
4499:
4768:
4090:
1182:(L1.8 or LUS) powered by twin engines derived from roll control engines of the first stage. Apart from increasing precision, liquid upper stage also absorbed any deviation in performance of solid third stage. The final configuration of
1886:
PSLV-3S was conceived as a three-staged version of PSLV with its six strap-on boosters and second liquid stage removed. The total lift-off mass of PSLV-3S was expected to be 175 tonnes with capacity to place 500 kg in 550 km
1706:
device based jettisoning system consisting of horizontal and lateral separation mechanisms. To protect the spacecraft from damage due to excessive acoustic loads during launch, the heatshield interior is lined with acoustic blankets.
4210:"In-situ observations of rocket burn induced modulations of the top side ionosphere using the IDEA payload on-board the unique orbiting experimental platform (PS4) of the Indian Polar Orbiting Satellite Launch Vehicle mission - ISRO"
1298:
led conglomerate for the production of five PSLV-XL launch vehicles after they won competitive bidding. Under this contract, they have to deliver their first PSLV-XL within 24 months and the remaining four vehicles every six months.
4525:
1609:
was the first campaign where PS4 functioned as independent orbital platform for short duration as there was no on-board power generation capacity. It carried KalamSAT-V2 as a fixed payload, a 1U cubesat by Space Kidz India based on
1116:
on 15 February 2017, successfully deploying 104 satellites in Sun-synchronous orbit, tripling the previous record held by Russia for the highest number of satellites sent to space on a single launch, until 24 January 2021, when
4187:
3289:
1938:
The third stage, which is a solid rocket booster, and burns 80 seconds and then coasts for the remainder of time and around T+8/10 minutes, it separates and the 4th stage ignites to give the rocket a final push into the
5196:
4272:
3405:
1448:
On inter-stage (1/2U) of PS2 there are two pairs of ullage rockets to maintain positive acceleration during PS1/PS2 staging and also two pairs of retro-rockets to help push away spent stage during PS2/PS3 staging.
3851:
1445:(±4°) in two planes to provide pitch and yaw control by two actuators, while roll control is provided by a Hot gas Reaction Control Motor (HRCM) that ejects hot gases diverted from gas generator of Vikas engine.
3311:
1107:
services for small satellites, owing to its numerous multi-satellite deployment campaigns with auxiliary payloads, usually ride-sharing along with an Indian primary payload. As of June 2022, PSLV has launched
1851:
on 24 January 2019 was the first flight to use PSLV-DL variant of Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle. It is capable of launching 1,257 kg (2,771 lb) to 600 km (370 mi) Sun-synchronous orbit.
1668:
project currently being processed by ISRO.It is planned to use a GSLV, modified by replacing it's
Cryogenic Upper Stage(CUS) with the PS-4 as the RLV would not required the excess thrust created by the CUS.
7982:
This
Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future
1523:
and carries 1,600 kg (3,500 lb) to 2,500 kg (5,500 lb) of propellant depending on the mission requirements. PS4 has three variants L1.6, L2.0 and L2.5 based on propellant tank capacity.
4850:
1652:, and it hosted six payloads. POEM was the first PSLV fourth stage based orbital platform to be actively stabilised using Helium based cold gas thrusters after the primary mission and stage passivization.
4418:
1527:
On PSLV-C29/TeLEOS-1 mission, the fourth stage demonstrated re-ignition capability for the first time which was used in many subsequent flights to deploy payloads in multiple orbits on a single campaign.
3665:
4217:
3383:
4554:
4492:
3470:
4097:
1787:
based propellant each. These configurations provide wide variations in payload capabilities up to 3,800 kg (8,400 lb) in LEO and 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) in sun-synchronous orbit.
1252:(LEO) satellites. It has undergone several improvements with each subsequent version, especially those involving thrust, efficiency as well as weight. In November 2013, it was used to launch the
4610:
1456:
tank at its bottom. Water spray is used to cool hot gases from Vikas' gas generator to about 600 °C before entering turbopump. Propellant and water tanks of second stage are pressurized by
3533:
1942:
This 4th stage burn is highly variable and depends on the mass and number of payloads and usually is around 500 seconds long. The 4th stage may shut off around T+16/18 minutes followed by the
8858:
4762:
4058:
3972:"Indian Presentation to the 47th Session of Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Agenda 8 'Space Debris Activities in India'"
4517:
3558:
2436:
4646:
1519:) thrust and is gimbaled (±3°) to provide pitch, yaw and roll control during powered flight. Coast phase attitude control is provided by six 50N RCS thrusters. The stage is pressurized by
2811:
1539:
by venting pressurant and propellant vapour after achieving main mission objectives. Such passivation prevents any unintentional fragmentation or explosion due to stored internal energy.
1394:
First stage separation is aided by four pairs of retro-rockets installed on inter-stage (1/2L). During staging, these eight rockets help push away the spent stage away from second stage.
8109:
4179:
3285:
5020:
3835:
The fourth stage has three variants designated as L1.6, L2.0 and L2.5 based on the propellant loading capacity of 1.6t, 2t and 2.5t respectively required for a particular mission.
3503:
3352:
1832:
achieve higher payload capability. On 29 December 2005, ISRO successfully tested the improved version of strap-on booster for the PSLV. The first use of PSLV-XL was the launch of
5192:
5059:
4338:
8016:
4264:
3995:
3439:
4246:
4299:
3318:
1922:
At T+1:10, the first 4 ground-lit PSOMs have depleted its propellant and now separates and falls down to the ocean. The remaining 2 PSOMs and the PS1 continue to burn.
1128:
Payloads can be integrated in tandem configuration employing a Dual Launch
Adapter. Smaller payloads are also placed on equipment deck and customized payload adapters.
8069:
6116:
4875:
4863:
Today, the PSLV is available in three configurations — the generic vehicle with six strap-ons, which is the earlier edition of PSLV (which will be discontinued soon)
4679:
4025:
2842:
4632:
3812:
2739:
2558:
4745:
8695:
8094:
4846:
4898:
Currently, two versions of PSLV are operational, namely PSLV-XL (with six extended version of Strap-on motors) and the PSLV Core-alone (without Strap-on motors).
4414:
4392:"Congratulations to ISRO and SpaceKidzIndia on getting their CubeSat into orbit! The students modified their IOS CubeSat kit, complete w/ their own experiments!"
1878:
on 1 April 2019 was the first flight of PSLV-QL. It has the capacity to launch 1,523 kg (3,358 lb) to 600 km (370 mi) Sun-synchronous orbit.
3658:
4209:
4712:
2591:
8721:
3375:
1109:
8848:
8421:
8154:
7985:
Symbol indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)
3152:
8627:
3462:
2781:
4602:
4579:
1245:
planned orbit. In
November 2014, the PSLV had launched 34 times with no further failures. (Although launch 41: August 2017 PSLV-C39 was unsuccessful.)
3525:
1625:
around PS4 propellant tank. The three payloads hosted on PS4-OP were the
Advanced Retarding Potential Analyzer for Ionospheric Studies (ARIS 101F) by
1479:
The third stage uses 7.6 t (7.5 long tons; 8.4 short tons) of HTPB solid propellant and produces a maximum thrust of 250 kN (56,000 lb
1061:, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV in 1993, only commercially available from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into
8894:
8079:
8009:
2281:
4065:
8879:
8469:
7143:
6231:
4146:
3565:
2443:
2266:
4993:
2803:
2632:
8521:
5270:
1661:
1315:
1275:
72 billion or US$ 860 million in 2023) for 30 operational flights of the PSLV scheduled to take place between 2019 and 2024.
4129:
8685:
2892:"Here's the #103ISC Official Newsletter 2nd edition brought by Journalism students and researchers. 2/2 @PIB_Indiapic.twitter.com/mLq9CZnY5T"
1391:) thrust respectively. Two strap-on boosters are equipped with SITVC for additional attitude control. The PSLV-CA uses no strap-on boosters.
5167:
3902:
8889:
8406:
6141:
6109:
2297:
2292:
5306:
1278:
ISRO is working towards handing over the production and operation of PSLV to private industry through a joint venture. On 16 August 2019,
7994:
5016:
4824:
4798:
3263:
2987:
8884:
8207:
8002:
5085:
3716:
Ramakrishnan, S.; Somanath, S.; Balakrishnan, S. S. (1 January 2002). "Multi-Orbit
Mission by PSLV-C3 and Future Launch Opportunities".
3495:
3336:
8547:
8395:
8191:
8139:
8074:
8059:
6863:
5043:
4922:
4322:
3642:
3074:
3049:
3021:
1046:
3747:
2661:
8400:
8181:
5135:
2689:
1677:
1331:
926:
758:
669:
556:
3694:
2899:
8716:
8665:
8149:
5248:
5222:
4882:
4444:
4003:
3978:
1206:
3611:
2404:
1352:
control during first stage flight is provided by the Secondary Injection Thrust Vector Control (SITVC) System, which injects an
8361:
8159:
7969:
6102:
3435:
3207:
3181:
1630:
1422:
1050:
4239:
1925:
At T+1:35, the remaining 2 PSOMs complete its 70 seconds burn and separate, leaving the rocket in a Core- Alone configuration.
8731:
8726:
8526:
8486:
6682:
6513:
6136:
6065:
6029:
6009:
5399:
5107:
4973:
4295:
2716:
2276:
1578:
1364:
exhaust divergent from a ring of 24 injection ports to produce asymmetric thrust. The solution is stored in two cylindrical
4470:
3798:
3312:"Press Release - NSIL signs Contract with HAL (lead member of HAL-L&T consortium) for production of 05 nos of PSLV-XL"
2834:
2527:
1291:
3819:
1551:
8655:
8089:
4738:
3813:"Signatures, Newsletter of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing – Ahmedabad Chapter. Volume: 24, No.2, April- June 2012"
3776:
3237:
2501:
1437:) as oxidiser in two tanks separated by a common bulkhead. It generates a maximum thrust of 800 kN (180,000 lb
1062:
273:
252:
4360:
1499:(RCS) during thrust phase as well as during combined-coasting phase under which burnt-out PS3 remains attached to PS4.
8637:
8503:
1603:
campaigns, as a demonstration PS4 was kept operational and monitored for over ten orbits after delivering spacecraft.
1241:
1168:, and the PSLV project objectives were upgraded to have the vehicle deliver a 1000 kg payload into a 900 km
4943:
2324:
5372:
4705:
3116:
8680:
8622:
7959:
7234:
6635:
6598:
6305:
5363:
5336:
2598:
2377:
2286:
1226:
1194:
1190:
1153:
1042:
342:
56:
45:
2562:
1558:
in March and April 2024. This substitution should increase payload capacity of PSLV by 15 kilograms (33 lb).
8843:
8711:
8690:
8675:
7964:
7954:
6766:
6588:
6273:
1919:
At around T+23/26, the remaining 2 unlit boosters are air-lit bringing the rocket at its maximum thrust capacity.
1161:
1935:
The second stage burns for around 130 seconds and around T+4 minutes, the second stages shuts off and separates.
1836:
by PSLV-C11. The payload capability for this variant is 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) to Sun-synchronous orbit.
8660:
8542:
7626:
6402:
3145:
2475:
1536:
1512:
1178:
1039:
1007:
8119:
1621:
campaign, the fourth stage had its own power generation capability as it was augmented with an array of fixed
1402:
6251:
2765:
8670:
8345:
8322:
4571:
1566:
1555:
1496:
1345:
1240:
The PSLV was first launched on 20 September 1993. The first and second stages performed as expected, but an
1222:
1202:
39:
8498:
8372:
8084:
8032:
7845:
7500:
7427:
7217:
7190:
7185:
6868:
6831:
6157:
1287:
1279:
1173:
1077:
4989:
8853:
8747:
8584:
8474:
8462:
8378:
8212:
8186:
8099:
7889:
7756:
7522:
7375:
6967:
6885:
6080:
1958:
1929:
1817:
1414:
1357:
1327:
1169:
1149:
1104:
1058:
352:
214:
4153:
4147:"Announcement of Opportunity (AO) for Orbital platform: an avenue for in-orbit scientific experiments"
8367:
8242:
8134:
8104:
7801:
7661:
7131:
5666:
4395:
3926:"Design and operational practices for the passivation of spacecraft and launchers at the end of life"
3886:
3721:
3603:
2636:
1699:
1682:
1611:
1283:
1253:
1165:
1081:
838:
476:
5281:
4122:
2317:"SURPLUS MISSILE MOTORS: Sale Price Drives Potential Effects on DOD and Commercial Launch Providers"
8793:
8043:
7532:
7343:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6484:
6479:
6206:
3592:"Development & qualification of Titanium Alloy High-Pressure Gas Bottles for PSLV second Stage"
1508:
1376:
Control Thruster (RCT) modules with small bi-propellant (MMH/MON) liquid engine are also attached.
1003:
8825:
8814:
8428:
8176:
8064:
7333:
7276:
6962:
6719:
6667:
5392:
5160:
3953:
3874:
2258:
1638:
1426:
1214:
1198:
7552:
3930:
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
1912:
Within T+1, 4 out of the 6 boosters ignite on ground, each producing 703 kN of thrust. 7658
1334:-bound (HTPB) propellant and develops a maximum thrust of about 4,800 kN (1,100,000 lb
1295:
7592:
7557:
7547:
4791:
3996:"ISRO Develops Lightweight Carbon-Carbon Nozzle for Rocket Engines, Enhancing Payload Capacity"
3848:"ISRO Successfully Tests Multiple Burn Fuel Engine During Launch of Six Singaporean Satellites"
1210:
8768:
8302:
8232:
7867:
7442:
6783:
6662:
5737:
5729:
5641:
5633:
5625:
5617:
5609:
5601:
5593:
5574:
5566:
5558:
5542:
5051:
4918:
4816:
4654:
4626:
4330:
4033:
3945:
3792:
3638:
3344:
3259:
3070:
3045:
3017:
2983:
2773:
2521:
1860:
1468:
5534:
5081:
1491:
fibre case and a submerged nozzle equipped with a flex-bearing-seal gimbaled nozzle with ±2°
7840:
7422:
7417:
7353:
7089:
7084:
7074:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6741:
6687:
6593:
6573:
6474:
6439:
6211:
6194:
6189:
4518:"Bengaluru's Digantara, Hyderabad startup Dhruva become first to get IN-SPACe authorisation"
3937:
3894:
1492:
1380:
1353:
982:
905:
817:
727:
648:
535:
3925:
3040:
Rao, P.V. Manoranjan, ed. (2015). "2.6 PSLV: The workhorse of ISRO by N. Narayanamoorthy".
2672:
8227:
7949:
7860:
7641:
7370:
7338:
7104:
7099:
7094:
6613:
6518:
6268:
5367:
4977:
4647:"RLV re-entry mission to use GSLV with PSLV last stage; landing gear to change & more"
3739:
3406:"HAL-L&T to build five PSLV rockets, bags Rs 860 crore deal from NSIL for the project"
2244:
1888:
1547:
1249:
1085:
176:
5142:
2693:
4391:
3890:
3725:
3607:
3463:"Hal-l&t Wins Over 824-cr Contract For Making 5 Pslvs | India News - Times of India"
8783:
8439:
7818:
7636:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7380:
7079:
7067:
6545:
6459:
6125:
5806:
4180:"2 days after Space Station news, Isro calls for "docking experiments" on PSLV stage-4"
3971:
3690:
2891:
1702:
with a 3 mm thick steel nose-cap. The two halves of fairing are separated using a
1349:
1339:
1234:
5244:
5218:
4440:
8873:
8355:
8337:
8332:
8314:
8309:
8297:
7877:
7872:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7631:
7348:
7323:
7269:
7264:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7126:
7121:
6950:
6650:
6645:
6533:
6429:
6390:
6385:
6375:
6365:
6355:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6221:
5985:
5507:
5385:
4739:"Dynamic studies of a typical payload fairing for different boat tail configurations"
3957:
3591:
2922:
2411:
2343:
1833:
1543:
1145:
1073:
471:
319:
315:
3898:
3740:"Latest Volume14-Issue21 News, Photos, Latest News Headlines about Volume14-Issue21"
3376:"Adani, L&T among those in race for PSLV contract | India News - Times of India"
3177:
1201:. The liquid propulsion for the second and fourth stages of the PSLV as well as the
8788:
7761:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7473:
7412:
7318:
7259:
7239:
6895:
6890:
6756:
6640:
6464:
6380:
6370:
6360:
6350:
6216:
3203:
2230:
1916:
kN of total thrust is produced by the combined propulsion of the PSOMs and the PS1.
1703:
1546:
nozzle used on twin engines of fourth stage is expected to be replaced by lighter,
1532:
1407:
1373:
1361:
1262:
798:
708:
102:
84:
5118:
1874:
variant has four ground-lit strap-on boosters, each with 12 tonnes of propellant.
1148:
to develop a vehicle capable of delivering a 600 kg payload to a 550 km
1136:
5377:
4603:"Har Ghar Tiranga happened in Antriksh. ISRO did hoist the Indian flag in Space!"
1307:
The PSLV has four stages, using solid and liquid propulsion systems alternately.
8773:
7732:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7456:
7313:
7229:
7180:
6957:
6945:
6935:
6930:
6628:
6623:
6608:
6412:
6298:
6293:
6246:
6241:
5846:
4466:
2437:"Galileo Galilei (GG) Launcher Identification And Compatibility Analysis Report"
1230:
4265:"In a first, ISRO will make dead rocket stage "alive" in space for experiments"
1248:
PSLV continues to support Indian and foreign satellite launches especially for
8278:
7914:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7727:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7562:
7542:
7138:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
6940:
6751:
6677:
6603:
6583:
6523:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6422:
6417:
6407:
6288:
6278:
6201:
6162:
5938:
5926:
5890:
4970:
2220:
1928:
At T+1:50, the PS1 has completed its 110-second burn and it separates and the
1847:
variant has only two strap-on boosters with 12 tonne propellant load on them.
1665:
1622:
1562:
5055:
4658:
4493:"Opportunity for Scientific Experiments on PSLV Upper Stage Orbital Platform"
4415:"Indian military satellite, 20 more Planet imaging CubeSats launched by PSLV"
4334:
4037:
3949:
3941:
3590:
Thomas, George; Pant, Bhanu; Ganesan, R.; Singh, S. K.; Sinha, P. P. (1999).
3348:
3229:
2777:
8798:
8778:
8614:
8415:
8268:
8247:
7926:
7909:
7833:
7828:
7796:
7791:
7666:
7602:
7597:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7537:
7527:
7510:
7447:
7363:
7358:
7222:
7210:
7200:
7148:
7057:
6925:
6900:
6878:
6776:
6771:
6672:
6550:
6261:
6256:
6226:
6167:
6049:
5794:
5161:"Space Debris Mitigation – Coordination and Implementation efforts in India"
4441:"Department of Avionics, R. Sudharshan Kaarthik, Ph.D (Assistant Professor)"
4368:
3286:"Government approves Rs 10,000-crore continuation programmes for PSLV, GSLV"
1686:
1634:
1588:
1488:
1365:
1286:
for manufacturing PSLV entirely by private industries. On 5 September 2022,
1097:
1054:
733:
496:
27:
Indian expendable launch vehicle for launching satellites, developed by ISRO
7461:
4123:"Opportunities for science experiments in the fourth stage of India's PSLV"
2766:"India Launches 104 Satellites From a Single Rocket, Ramping Up Space Race"
1507:
The fourth stage is powered by regeneratively cooled twin engines, burning
5193:"ISRO's baby rocket to carry small satellites, likely to take off in 2019"
4954:
8819:
8263:
8164:
7931:
7919:
7904:
7899:
7850:
7806:
7656:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7515:
7505:
7437:
7432:
7405:
7385:
7205:
7195:
7116:
7111:
7062:
7052:
6920:
6873:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6746:
6714:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6618:
6578:
6555:
6469:
6454:
6444:
6283:
6174:
6094:
6056:
6044:
6036:
6024:
6016:
6004:
5992:
5980:
5968:
5956:
5933:
5921:
5914:
5909:
5897:
5885:
5873:
5865:
5858:
5853:
5841:
5834:
5829:
5821:
5813:
5801:
5789:
5781:
5774:
5769:
5762:
5757:
5750:
5745:
5717:
5710:
5705:
5698:
5693:
5685:
5678:
5673:
5661:
5654:
5649:
3108:
2316:
1875:
1864:
1848:
1801:
1649:
1645:
1618:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1584:
1473:
1369:
1319:
1122:
1113:
1089:
481:
5360:
5332:
3436:"ISRO looks at JV for PSLV manufacture; launch to be privatized by 2020"
2835:"SpaceX launches 143 satellites on one rocket in record-setting mission"
2373:
1495:
for pitch and yaw control. Roll control is provided by the fourth stage
8830:
8600:
7894:
7823:
7813:
7651:
7572:
7567:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7175:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6657:
6491:
6184:
6179:
5550:
5526:
5514:
5502:
5490:
5482:
5454:
5446:
5438:
5430:
5422:
4399:
3065:
Raj, Gopal (2000). "8. PSLV: Achieving Operational Launch Capability".
1695:
1338:). The 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in) diameter motor case is made of
1183:
17:
1804:
was the last operational launch of PSLV-G before its discontinuation.
1020:
8763:
8574:
8273:
8217:
7646:
7328:
7301:
7170:
6761:
6538:
6061:
5997:
5973:
5961:
5902:
5519:
5495:
4847:"Where India reaches for the stars: Inside ISRO's Sriharikota Centre"
2717:"Rideshare demand grows despite development of small launch vehicles"
1520:
1484:
1457:
1453:
1442:
1218:
1118:
739:
2479:
1515:(MON). Each pressure fed engine generates 7.4 kN (1,700 lb
1330:
in the world, carries 138 t (136 long tons; 152 short tons) of
8110:
Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN–SPACe)
1368:
tanks strapped to the core solid rocket motor and pressurised with
8579:
8237:
8222:
8171:
8027:
7884:
7855:
7466:
7165:
6709:
6434:
6236:
5878:
5722:
1676:
1467:
1418:
1401:
1379:
On the PSLV-G and PSLV-XL, first stage thrust is augmented by six
1314:
1267:
1135:
491:
486:
107:
89:
4026:"With 3D-printed rocket engine, Isro adds another feather to cap"
2740:"PSLV-C48 successfully launches RISAT-2BRI, 9 foreign satellites"
2342:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1554:
nozzle divergent. The new nozzle was hot tested at facilities of
8481:
8144:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7160:
6528:
6397:
4881:. Government of India, Department of Space. 2016. Archived from
4737:
Ramamurti, V; Rajarajan, S; Rao, G Venkateswara (October 2001).
2271:
1626:
1069:
849:
7998:
6098:
5467:
5381:
3082:
orbital inclination — could not be achieved with a solid stage.
7306:
7155:
5117:. Indian Academy of Sciences. 25 December 2007. Archived from
3067:
Reach For the Stars: The Evolution of India's Rocket Programme
1112:
from 36 countries. Most notable among these was the launch of
1093:
5307:"PSLV- The Travel Beyond the Blue! #ISRO #VikatanInfographic"
2662:"PSLV-C25: the vehicle that launched the Indian Mars Orbiter"
1417:
and carries 41.5 t (40.8 long tons; 45.7 short tons) of
1068:
Some notable payloads launched by PSLV include India's first
4792:"Aerodynamic simulation of heatshield separation on ground"
1637:. To function as orbital platform, fourth stage was put in
4767:. 21 August 2015. Event occurs at 20 minutes 40 seconds.
3012:
Rao, P.V. Monoranjan; Radhakrishnan, Paramaswaran (2012).
1342:
and has an empty mass of 30,200 kg (66,600 lb).
4913:"2.6 PSLV: The workhorse of ISRO by N. Narayanamoorthy".
4706:"IRNSS-1H/PSLV-C39 Orbit Evolution and Re-entry Analysis"
3095:
Ready To Fire: How India and I Survived the ISRO Spy Case
2956:
Ready to Fire: How India and I survived the ISRO Spy case
2323:. U.S. Government Accountability Office. 16 August 2017.
4990:"New Solid Propellant Motor to Increase PSLV Capability"
4915:
From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey
1662:
Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstration program
8070:
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST)
4764:
Indigenous Development of Materials for Space Programme
1452:
Second stage also carries some quantity of water in a
1186:
to fly in 1993 was (6 × S9 + S125) + L37.5 + S7 + L2.
1049:(ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its
115:
235 crore or US$ 28 million in 2023)
97:
153 crore or US$ 18 million in 2023)
8095:
Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)
1583:
PS4 has carried hosted payloads like AAM on PSLV-C8,
1103:
PSLV has gained credibility as a leading provider of
4817:"The PSLV is a proud symbol of ISRO's self-reliance"
2930:
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
8807:
8756:
8740:
8704:
8648:
8613:
8593:
8567:
8560:
8535:
8514:
8447:
8438:
8388:
8288:
8256:
8200:
8127:
8052:
7942:
6792:
6566:
6150:
5949:
5586:
5475:
5415:
3637:. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. p. 40.
3337:"ISRO's business arm begins search for PSLV makers"
1561:ISRO successfully completed 665-second hot test of
999:
991:
981:
969:
961:
953:
945:
937:
932:
922:
914:
904:
892:
884:
876:
868:
860:
855:
834:
826:
816:
804:
793:
785:
777:
769:
764:
754:
746:
726:
714:
704:
696:
688:
680:
675:
665:
657:
647:
623:
611:
603:
595:
587:
579:
567:
562:
552:
544:
534:
522:
514:
509:
464:
423:
382:
374:
366:
358:
348:
338:
330:
325:
311:
306:
279:
271:
259:
250:
221:
212:
183:
174:
169:
161:
140:
132:
124:
119:
78:
70:
62:
52:
6020:(EOS-06, BhutanSat aka INS-2B, Anand, 26 Nov 2022)
2656:
2654:
5108:"Evolution of Indian launch vehicle technologies"
2399:
2397:
2395:
3146:"Current Science (Volume 65 - Issue 07) PSLV-D1"
3097:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2018. pp. 207–208.
2804:"ISRO's record satellites' launch: 10 top facts"
1483:). Its burn duration is 113.5 seconds. It has a
8080:National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)
3873:Adimurthy, V.; Ganeshan, A.S. (February 2006).
2986:. New Scientist. 22 January 1981. p. 215.
2865:"PSLV C35 / Scatsat-1 with Dual Launch Adapter"
1795:The standard or "Generic" version of the PSLV,
8696:Development and Educational Communication Unit
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
1421:store-able liquid propellant –
8010:
6110:
5393:
5136:"Future of Space Transportation: S. Somanath"
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
1964:before 2002 as the Sriharikota Range (SHAR).
8:
8722:ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network
5245:"Flight Profile – PSLV C38 | Spaceflight101"
5219:"Flight Profile – PSLV C40 | Spaceflight101"
4971:PSLV-C11 Successfully Launches Chandrayaan-1
3779:. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020
2508:. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020
1237:, which also carries out launch operations.
32:
8849:List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches
4938:
4936:
4934:
4631:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4240:"Department of Space Annual Report 2017-18"
3875:"Space debris mitigation measures in India"
2958:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2018. p. 203.
2476:"The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)"
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
1648:campaign, the PS4-OP is referred to as the
1535:mitigation measure, PSLV fourth stage gets
1125:rocket carrying 143 satellites into orbit.
8628:Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
8564:
8444:
8017:
8003:
7995:
6117:
6103:
6095:
5400:
5386:
5378:
38:
31:
8075:Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)
8060:Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
5017:"SLV-C44 to lift-off with added features"
4390:Interorbital Systems (25 January 2019).
2690:"Welcome To ISRO :: Launch Vehicles"
2442:. 8 June 2009. p. 27. Archived from
1565:PS4 engine, produced by Wipro 3D through
1259:In June 2018, the Union Cabinet approved
1144:Studies by the PSLV Planning group under
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
2282:Comparison of orbital launchers families
2109:
1979:
1859:
1709:
1413:The second stage is powered by a single
1322:first stage inside Mobile Service Tower.
1121:launched the Transporter-1 mission on a
2984:"Indian ambitions in space go sky-high"
2923:"Research on PSLV-C37 Launcher by ISRO"
2890:Cong, Indian Science (5 January 2016).
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2308:
2267:Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
1650:PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM)
8522:RLV Technology Demonstration Programme
4853:from the original on 15 September 2018
4624:
4252:from the original on 13 February 2018.
4220:from the original on 21 September 2022
4091:"Space-India July 2012 to August 2013"
3790:
2519:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
1905:The PS1 ignites at T+0 providing 4846
1256:, India's first interplanetary probe.
700:138,200 kg (304,700 lb) each
8686:Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems
5339:from the original on 22 December 2016
5251:from the original on 15 February 2022
5225:from the original on 13 February 2022
4996:from the original on 17 February 2009
4908:
4906:
4704:Singh, Satyendra (11 December 2019).
4613:from the original on 9 September 2022
4473:from the original on 23 February 2020
4447:from the original on 13 February 2020
3697:from the original on 11 December 2017
3614:from the original on 11 November 2020
3553:
3551:
3490:
3488:
3473:from the original on 9 September 2022
3442:from the original on 16 November 2017
3438:. Geospatial World. 26 October 2017.
3416:from the original on 9 September 2022
3386:from the original on 9 September 2022
3355:from the original on 9 September 2022
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3035:
3033:
3007:
3005:
2871:from the original on 22 December 2017
2814:from the original on 16 February 2017
2380:from the original on 22 December 2016
7:
6142:Comparison of orbital launch systems
5173:from the original on 10 October 2022
5159:Murthi, K.R. Sridhara (9 May 2009).
5023:from the original on 11 January 2019
4827:from the original on 26 October 2012
4804:from the original on 9 October 2022.
4771:from the original on 3 December 2020
4572:"పీఎస్ఎల్వీ-సి53లో నూతన సాంకేతికత"
4505:from the original on 9 October 2022.
4275:from the original on 8 November 2020
4263:Singh, Surendra (16 December 2018).
4135:from the original on 9 October 2022.
3984:from the original on 9 October 2022.
3266:from the original on 27 October 2014
3210:from the original on 5 December 2020
3119:from the original on 9 February 2020
2990:from the original on 10 October 2022
2902:from the original on 11 January 2022
2845:from the original on 24 January 2021
2298:Comparison of orbital launch systems
2293:Comparison of orbital rocket engines
2104:Decade-wise summary of PSLV launches
1769:HRCM Hot Gas Reaction Control Motor
1372:. Underneath these two SITVC tanks,
1326:The first stage, one of the largest
789:42,000 kg (93,000 lb) each
599:12,200 kg (26,900 lb) each
5199:from the original on 3 January 2018
5044:"PSLV lift-off with added features"
4751:from the original on 6 August 2020.
4718:from the original on 9 October 2022
4323:"PSLV lift-off with added features"
4294:rajasekhar, pathri (20 June 2017).
4190:from the original on 24 August 2019
3288:. The Economic Times. 7 June 2018.
3014:A brief history of rocketry in ISRO
2833:Wattles, Jackie (24 January 2021).
2671:. 25 September 2015. Archived from
880:7,600 kg (16,800 lb) each
8396:Indian human spaceflight programme
8090:Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
5088:from the original on 24 March 2019
5062:from the original on 6 August 2020
4815:Subramanian, T.S. (15 July 2011).
4341:from the original on 6 August 2020
4302:from the original on 6 August 2020
3905:from the original on 12 April 2022
3536:from the original on 6 August 2020
3506:from the original on 6 August 2020
3335:D.s, Madhumathi (16 August 2019).
3158:from the original on 6 August 2020
2738:Tejonmayam, U (11 December 2019).
2327:from the original on 13 April 2018
1387:) and 719 kN (162,000 lb
1047:Indian Space Research Organisation
957:2,500 kg (5,500 lb) each
718:4,846.9 kN (1,089,600 lb
25:
6085:Italics indicates future missions
5141:. 9 February 2016. Archived from
4849:. Hindustan Times. 22 June 2016.
4528:from the original on 25 June 2022
4421:from the original on 6 April 2019
4296:"Isro to lower rocket's altitude"
3671:from the original on 7 April 2021
3240:from the original on 24 July 2011
3042:From fishing hamlet to red planet
3016:. Orient Blackswan. p. 215.
2970:From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet
2784:from the original on 5 April 2017
2764:Barry, Ellen (15 February 2017).
2635:. Spaceflight 101. Archived from
2633:"PSLV Launch Vehicle Information"
1332:hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
157:320,000 kg (710,000 lb)
152:230,000 kg (510,000 lb)
147:295,000 kg (650,000 lb)
8717:Indian Space Science Data Centre
8666:Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre
8118:
8026:
5466:
5333:"Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle"
4601:News9 Staff (8 September 2022).
4582:from the original on 6 July 2022
3374:Chethan Kumar (27 August 2021).
3292:from the original on 8 June 2018
3184:from the original on 20 May 2016
2374:"Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle"
2337:
2289:, 2,000 to 20,000 kg to LEO
2251:
2237:
2223:
1698:construction and is made out of
1207:Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre
949:1.3 m (4 ft 3 in)
781:2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
692:2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
136:2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
8895:Expendable space launch systems
8362:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
7970:Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
6040:(DS-SAR, VELOX-AM, 30 Jul 2023)
5042:Rajwi, Tiki (12 January 2019).
4953:. 15 March 2009. Archived from
4516:Kumar, Chethan (25 June 2012).
4321:Rajwi, Tiki (12 January 2019).
4178:Kumar, Chethan (15 June 2019).
3899:10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.09.002
3750:from the original on 7 May 2021
3635:Envisioning An Empowered nation
1423:unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
1164:development with the launch of
8880:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
8732:National Remote Sensing Centre
6137:List of orbital launch systems
5409:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
5361:PSLV : Official ISRO Page
4152:. 15 June 2019. Archived from
4059:"PSLV C14/Oceansat-2 brochure"
3461:Chethan Kumar (9 April 2022).
2921:Aisha Nazeer (November 2018).
2277:Next Generation Launch Vehicle
2085:Total as of January 2024
1641:mode using its RCS thrusters.
1633:payload by ISRO, and AISAT by
1579:PSLV Orbital Experiment Module
1032:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
872:2 m (6 ft 7 in)
808:803.7 kN (180,700 lb
639:1,407 kN (316,000 lb
633:2,814 kN (633,000 lb
627:4,221 kN (949,000 lb
615:703.5 kN (158,200 lb
591:1 m (3 ft 3 in)
563:Boosters (PSLV-XL/QL/DL) – S12
33:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
1:
8085:NewSpace India Limited (NSIL)
4790:Chakraborty, D; Vasantha, S.
3691:"ASACO sub-systems for space"
3633:Sivathanu Pillai, A. (2004).
3260:"ISRO - Mars Orbiter Mission"
1573:PS4 stage as orbital platform
1292:Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
1045:designed and operated by the
738:269 s (2.64 km/s) (
732:237 s (2.32 km/s) (
295:1,300 kg (2,900 lb)
289:1,150 kg (2,540 lb)
263:1,425 kg (3,142 lb)
243:1,750 kg (3,860 lb)
237:1,100 kg (2,400 lb)
231:1,600 kg (3,500 lb)
205:3,800 kg (8,400 lb)
199:2,100 kg (4,600 lb)
193:3,200 kg (7,100 lb)
8656:Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
2715:Foust, Jeff (23 June 2017).
1172:. As technology transfer of
1160:By 1981, confidence grew in
1157:(PAS) was being considered.
1084:(Mangalyaan), India's first
1063:Geostationary Transfer Orbit
973:14.66 kN (3,300 lb
526:510 kN (110,000 lb
8890:Vehicles introduced in 1993
8638:Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport
8192:Human Spaceflight Programme
3180:. Spacecraft Encyclopedia.
1472:Third and fourth stages of
1406:PSLV-C50 second stage with
1205:(RCS) are developed by the
1191:inertial navigation systems
987:308 s (3.02 km/s)
910:295 s (2.89 km/s)
896:250 kN (56,000 lb
822:293 s (2.87 km/s)
653:262 s (2.57 km/s)
540:262 s (2.57 km/s)
8911:
8885:ISRO space launch vehicles
8681:ISRO Inertial Systems Unit
8623:Satish Dhawan Space Centre
8116:
7960:Medium-lift launch vehicle
5195:. The New Indian Express.
4876:"Outcome Budget 2016–2017"
3659:"Space India Jan-Mar 1990"
3559:"PSLV C8 / AGILE brochure"
2287:Medium-lift launch vehicle
1956:
1576:
1227:Satish Dhawan Space Centre
1195:ISRO Inertial Systems Unit
1043:medium-lift launch vehicle
343:Satish Dhawan Space Centre
179:(200 km @ 30° inclination)
8859:List of ISRO chairpersons
8844:List of Indian satellites
8839:
8712:Indian Deep Space Network
8691:Human Space Flight Centre
8676:Space Applications Centre
8044:Department of Space (DoS)
8039:
7978:
7965:Heavy-lift launch vehicle
7955:Small-lift launch vehicle
6132:
6076:
6008:(DS-EO, NeuSAR, Scoob-1,
5464:
3924:Bonnal, C (1 June 2007).
3797:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2526:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1766:RCT and SITVC in 2 PSOMs
1162:remote sensing spacecraft
1017:
1013:
505:
302:
57:Medium-lift launch system
37:
8661:U R Rao Satellite Centre
5373:India in Space PSLV page
5366:22 December 2016 at the
4548:"PSLV-C53/DS-EO mission"
3942:10.1243/09544100JAERO231
1513:mixed oxides of nitrogen
1203:Reaction control systems
773:12.8 m (42 ft)
465:Type of passengers/cargo
8727:Master Control Facility
8671:ISRO Propulsion Complex
6028:(TeLEOS-2, Lumelite-4,
5837:, 31 Aug 2017, failure)
4976:25 October 2008 at the
4917:. Harpercollins. 2015.
3206:. Gunter's Space Page.
1932:inside the PS2 ignites.
1567:selective laser melting
1497:reaction control system
1381:strap-on solid boosters
1290:signed a contract with
864:3.6 m (12 ft)
128:44 m (144 ft)
8741:Legislation and policy
8373:Mars Orbiter Mission 2
8033:Indian space programme
6126:Orbital launch systems
6032:(hosted), 22 Apr 2023)
6012:(hosted), 30 Jun 2022)
5426:(20 Sep 1993, failure)
2561:. ISRO. Archived from
2410:. 2011. Archived from
1868:
1690:
1476:
1410:
1323:
1288:NewSpace India Limited
1280:NewSpace India Limited
1141:
1110:345 foreign satellites
1078:interplanetary mission
1059:Sun-synchronous orbits
941:3 m (9.8 ft)
684:20 m (66 ft)
583:12 m (39 ft)
510:Boosters (PSLV-G) – S9
8854:List of ISRO missions
8748:Space Activities Bill
8379:Venus Orbiter Mission
8100:Integrated Space Cell
6081:List of PSLV launches
6068:(hosted), 1 Jan 2024)
2017:PSLV-CA (Core Alone)
1959:List of PSLV launches
1863:
1818:Sun-synchronous orbit
1680:
1471:
1405:
1358:strontium perchlorate
1328:solid rocket boosters
1318:
1150:sun-synchronous orbit
1139:
1051:Indian Remote Sensing
8368:Mars Orbiter Mission
8291:planetary spacecraft
8243:South Asia Satellite
8105:Defence Space Agency
5667:Mars Orbiter Mission
4298:. Deccan Chronicle.
4128:. 21 February 2019.
3596:Cooperation in Space
3526:"Space India 1/1990"
3324:on 9 September 2022.
2972:. ISRO. p. 173.
2678:on 24 December 2015.
2639:on 24 September 2015
1968:Launch system status
1683:HAL Aerospace Museum
1681:PSLV heat shield at
1612:Interorbital Systems
1284:invitation to tender
1254:Mars Orbiter Mission
1082:Mars Orbiter Mission
477:Mars Orbiter Mission
8794:Bellatrix Aerospace
8649:Research facilities
8257:Space observatories
5271:"PSLV-C24 Brochure"
5148:on 24 October 2018.
4951:www.earth2orbit.com
4417:. Spaceflight Now.
3891:2006AcAau..58..168A
3825:on 21 December 2021
3726:2002iaf..confE.936R
3608:1999ESASP.430..559T
3571:on 23 February 2020
3234:Gunter's Space Page
3178:"India (Launchers)"
3151:. 10 October 1993.
2592:"PSLV_C41_Brochure"
2559:"PSLV-C37 Brochure"
2506:Space Launch Report
2417:on 22 November 2010
2034:PSLV-XL (Extended)
1700:7075 aluminum alloy
1509:monomethylhydrazine
1425:(UDMH) as fuel and
1303:Vehicle description
1296:Larsen & Toubro
34:
8826:Statio Shiv Shakti
8815:National Space Day
8634:under development
8429:ISRO Space Station
8065:Antrix Corporation
7132:v1.2 "Full Thrust"
4823:. Chennai, India.
4651:The Times of India
4522:The Times of India
4371:on 17 January 2019
4269:The Times of India
4184:The Times of India
4030:The Times of India
3467:The Times of India
3410:The Economic Times
3380:The Times of India
2808:The Times of India
2770:The New York Times
2744:The Times of India
2696:on 29 October 2014
2482:on 26 January 2022
2259:Spaceflight portal
2000:PSLV-G (Standard)
1944:Payload Deployment
1869:
1691:
1629:, an experimental
1556:IPRC, Mahendragiri
1503:Fourth stage (PS4)
1477:
1427:nitrogen tetroxide
1411:
1398:Second stage (PS2)
1324:
1215:Thiruvananthapuram
1199:Thiruvananthapuram
1142:
1092:and India's first
375:Partial failure(s)
307:Associated rockets
8867:
8866:
8769:Skyroot Aerospace
8757:Private companies
8609:
8608:
8556:
8555:
8389:Human spaceflight
8303:Moon Impact Probe
7992:
7991:
6092:
6091:
4361:"PSLV-C44 - ISRO"
3879:Acta Astronautica
3044:. Harpercollins.
2405:"Access to Space"
2214:
2213:
2101:
2100:
1995:Partial failures
1953:Launch statistics
1882:PSLV-3S (concept)
1779:
1778:
1464:Third stage (PS3)
1441:). The engine is
1311:First stage (PS1)
1225:are processed at
1223:propellant motors
1193:are developed by
1140:PSLV-C11 strap-on
1086:space observatory
1028:
1027:
433:26 September 2016
392:20 September 1993
217:(620 km circular)
71:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
8902:
8565:
8445:
8122:
8031:
8030:
8019:
8012:
8005:
7996:
7841:Universal Rocket
6212:Falcon 9 Block 5
6119:
6112:
6105:
6096:
6069:
6053:
6041:
6033:
6021:
6013:
6001:
5989:
5977:
5965:
5942:
5930:
5918:
5906:
5894:
5882:
5870:
5862:
5850:
5838:
5826:
5818:
5810:
5798:
5786:
5778:
5766:
5754:
5742:
5734:
5726:
5714:
5702:
5690:
5682:
5670:
5658:
5646:
5638:
5630:
5622:
5614:
5606:
5598:
5579:
5571:
5563:
5555:
5547:
5539:
5531:
5523:
5511:
5499:
5487:
5470:
5459:
5451:
5443:
5435:
5427:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5379:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5287:on 20 March 2022
5286:
5280:. Archived from
5275:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5247:. 23 June 2017.
5241:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5172:
5165:
5156:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5140:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5112:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5082:"Launch Kit C45"
5078:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4986:
4980:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4960:on 10 July 2011.
4959:
4948:
4940:
4929:
4928:
4910:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4893:
4887:
4880:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4858:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4796:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4743:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4717:
4710:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4630:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4553:. Archived from
4552:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4498:. 16 June 2021.
4497:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4437:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4413:Clark, Stephen.
4410:
4404:
4403:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4367:. Archived from
4357:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4244:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4159:on 6 August 2020
4158:
4151:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4127:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4103:on 6 August 2020
4102:
4096:. Archived from
4095:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4071:on 6 August 2020
4070:
4064:. Archived from
4063:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4006:on 19 April 2024
4002:. Archived from
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3976:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3850:. Archived from
3844:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3830:
3824:
3818:. Archived from
3817:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3796:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3777:"PSLV Datasheet"
3773:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3670:
3663:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3564:. Archived from
3563:
3555:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3492:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3317:. Archived from
3316:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3157:
3150:
3142:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2927:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2692:. Archived from
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2666:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2629:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2603:
2597:. Archived from
2596:
2588:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2555:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2478:. Archived from
2472:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2449:on 10 April 2015
2448:
2441:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2370:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2313:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2119:Partial success
2110:
1980:
1976:
1915:
1908:
1710:
1664:is an prototype
1354:aqueous solution
1274:
1270:
1265:
1242:attitude control
1076:, India's first
1021:edit on Wikidata
983:Specific impulse
906:Specific impulse
818:Specific impulse
728:Specific impulse
649:Specific impulse
536:Specific impulse
457:11 December 2019
445:2 September 2023
255:(284 × 20650 km)
114:
110:
105:
96:
92:
87:
44:PSLV-C35 on the
42:
35:
21:
8910:
8909:
8905:
8904:
8903:
8901:
8900:
8899:
8870:
8869:
8868:
8863:
8835:
8822:(supercomputer)
8803:
8752:
8736:
8700:
8644:
8605:
8589:
8552:
8531:
8510:
8440:Launch vehicles
8434:
8384:
8290:
8284:
8252:
8228:Megha-Tropiques
8196:
8123:
8114:
8048:
8035:
8025:
8023:
7993:
7988:
7974:
7950:Sounding rocket
7938:
6788:
6562:
6146:
6128:
6123:
6093:
6088:
6072:
6059:
6047:
6039:
6027:
6019:
6007:
5995:
5983:
5971:
5959:
5945:
5936:
5924:
5912:
5900:
5888:
5876:
5868:
5856:
5844:
5832:
5824:
5816:
5804:
5792:
5784:
5772:
5760:
5748:
5740:
5732:
5720:
5708:
5696:
5688:
5676:
5664:
5652:
5644:
5636:
5628:
5620:
5612:
5604:
5596:
5582:
5577:
5569:
5561:
5553:
5545:
5537:
5529:
5517:
5505:
5493:
5485:
5471:
5462:
5457:
5449:
5441:
5433:
5425:
5411:
5406:
5368:Wayback Machine
5357:
5352:
5342:
5340:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5316:
5314:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5273:
5269:
5268:
5264:
5254:
5252:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5228:
5226:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5202:
5200:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5163:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5145:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5124:on 24 May 2011.
5121:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5091:
5089:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5065:
5063:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5026:
5024:
5014:
5013:
5009:
4999:
4997:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4978:Wayback Machine
4969:
4965:
4957:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4932:
4925:
4912:
4911:
4904:
4891:
4889:
4888:on 25 June 2017
4885:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4856:
4854:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4830:
4828:
4814:
4813:
4809:
4801:
4794:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4774:
4772:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4748:
4741:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4688:
4686:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4663:
4661:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4623:
4616:
4614:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4585:
4583:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4560:on 5 July 2022.
4557:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4531:
4529:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4502:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4476:
4474:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4424:
4422:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4374:
4372:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4344:
4342:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4305:
4303:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4249:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4223:
4221:
4214:www.isro.gov.in
4208:
4207:
4203:
4193:
4191:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4132:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4042:
4040:
4032:. 11 May 2024.
4024:
4023:
4019:
4009:
4007:
4000:www.isro.gov.in
3994:
3993:
3989:
3981:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3908:
3906:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3789:
3782:
3780:
3775:
3774:
3763:
3753:
3751:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3321:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3113:www.isro.gov.in
3107:
3106:
3102:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3077:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3011:
3010:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2675:
2669:Current Science
2664:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2604:on 9 April 2018
2601:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2565:on 8 April 2017
2557:
2556:
2535:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2474:
2473:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2350:
2338:
2330:
2328:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2245:Rocketry portal
2243:
2238:
2236:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2219:
1978:
1974:
1961:
1955:
1913:
1906:
1897:
1889:low Earth orbit
1884:
1858:
1842:
1826:
1810:
1793:
1784:
1675:
1673:Payload fairing
1658:
1656:PS4 on RLV-OREX
1639:spin-stabilized
1581:
1575:
1548:silicon carbide
1518:
1505:
1482:
1466:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1400:
1390:
1386:
1337:
1313:
1305:
1272:
1271:(equivalent to
1261:
1260:
1250:low Earth orbit
1134:
1024:
976:
954:Propellant mass
899:
877:Propellant mass
846:
842:
811:
786:Propellant mass
737:
721:
697:Propellant mass
642:
638:
636:
632:
630:
618:
596:Propellant mass
574:
572:
529:
501:
460:
419:
410:24 January 2019
404:22 October 2008
298:
264:
246:
208:
153:
148:
112:
111:(equivalent to
101:
100:
98:
94:
93:(equivalent to
83:
82:
79:Cost per launch
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8908:
8906:
8898:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8872:
8871:
8865:
8864:
8862:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8840:
8837:
8836:
8834:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8817:
8811:
8809:
8805:
8804:
8802:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8784:AgniKul Cosmos
8781:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8760:
8758:
8754:
8753:
8751:
8750:
8744:
8742:
8738:
8737:
8735:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8708:
8706:
8705:Communications
8702:
8701:
8699:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8652:
8650:
8646:
8645:
8643:
8642:
8641:
8640:
8631:
8630:
8625:
8619:
8617:
8611:
8610:
8607:
8606:
8604:
8603:
8597:
8595:
8594:In development
8591:
8590:
8588:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8571:
8569:
8562:
8558:
8557:
8554:
8553:
8551:
8550:
8545:
8539:
8537:
8533:
8532:
8530:
8529:
8524:
8518:
8516:
8515:In development
8512:
8511:
8509:
8508:
8507:
8506:
8501:
8492:
8491:
8490:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8478:
8477:
8467:
8466:
8465:
8451:
8449:
8442:
8436:
8435:
8433:
8432:
8426:
8425:
8424:
8412:
8411:
8410:
8403:
8392:
8390:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8382:
8376:
8370:
8365:
8359:
8353:
8352:
8351:
8343:
8330:
8329:
8328:
8320:
8307:
8306:
8305:
8294:
8292:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8282:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8260:
8258:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8204:
8202:
8198:
8197:
8195:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8168:
8167:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8131:
8129:
8125:
8124:
8117:
8115:
8113:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8056:
8054:
8050:
8049:
8047:
8046:
8040:
8037:
8036:
8024:
8022:
8021:
8014:
8007:
7999:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7986:
7983:
7979:
7976:
7975:
7973:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7946:
7944:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7936:
7935:
7934:
7924:
7923:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7887:
7882:
7881:
7880:
7870:
7865:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7838:
7837:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7811:
7810:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7754:
7753:
7752:
7747:
7737:
7736:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7718:
7708:
7707:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7686:
7685:
7684:
7679:
7669:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7617:
7607:
7606:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7520:
7519:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7498:
7497:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7476:
7471:
7470:
7469:
7464:
7454:
7453:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7409:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7373:
7368:
7367:
7366:
7361:
7351:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7310:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7274:
7273:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7232:
7227:
7226:
7225:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7152:
7151:
7141:
7136:
7135:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7114:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7102:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6954:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6876:
6866:
6861:
6860:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6829:
6828:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6796:
6794:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6700:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6654:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6626:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6570:
6568:
6567:In development
6564:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6548:
6546:Vulcan Centaur
6543:
6542:
6541:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6510:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6489:
6488:
6487:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6400:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6303:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6259:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6154:
6152:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6144:
6139:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6099:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6054:
6042:
6034:
6022:
6014:
6002:
6000:, 14 Feb 2022)
5990:
5988:, 28 Feb 2021)
5978:
5976:, 17 Dec 2020)
5966:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5941:, 11 Dec 2019)
5931:
5929:, 27 Nov 2019)
5919:
5917:, 22 May 2019)
5907:
5895:
5893:, 24 Jan 2019)
5883:
5881:, 29 Nov 2018)
5871:
5863:
5861:, 11 Apr 2018)
5851:
5849:, 12 Jan 2018)
5839:
5827:
5819:
5811:
5807:Resourcesat-2A
5799:
5797:, 26 Sep 2016)
5787:
5779:
5777:, 28 Apr 2016)
5767:
5765:, 10 Mar 2016)
5755:
5753:, 20 Jan 2016)
5743:
5735:
5727:
5725:, 10 Jul 2015)
5715:
5713:, 28 Mar 2015)
5703:
5701:, 16 Oct 2014)
5691:
5683:
5671:
5659:
5647:
5639:
5631:
5623:
5615:
5607:
5599:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5572:
5564:
5556:
5548:
5540:
5532:
5524:
5512:
5510:, 17 Oct 2003)
5500:
5498:, 12 Sep 2002)
5488:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5452:
5444:
5436:
5428:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5397:
5390:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5356:
5355:External links
5353:
5351:
5350:
5324:
5298:
5262:
5236:
5210:
5184:
5151:
5127:
5099:
5073:
5034:
5007:
4981:
4963:
4944:"India's PSLV"
4930:
4924:978-9351776895
4923:
4902:
4867:
4838:
4807:
4782:
4754:
4729:
4696:
4671:
4638:
4593:
4563:
4539:
4508:
4484:
4467:"Exseed Sat-2"
4458:
4432:
4405:
4398:) – via
4382:
4352:
4313:
4286:
4255:
4231:
4201:
4170:
4138:
4114:
4082:
4050:
4017:
3987:
3963:
3936:(6): 925–931.
3916:
3885:(3): 168–174.
3865:
3839:
3804:
3761:
3731:
3708:
3682:
3664:. April 1990.
3650:
3644:978-0070531543
3643:
3625:
3582:
3547:
3517:
3484:
3453:
3427:
3397:
3366:
3327:
3303:
3277:
3251:
3221:
3195:
3169:
3130:
3100:
3086:
3076:978-0670899500
3075:
3057:
3051:978-9351776895
3050:
3029:
3023:978-8173717642
3022:
3001:
2975:
2961:
2947:
2913:
2882:
2856:
2825:
2795:
2756:
2730:
2707:
2681:
2650:
2615:
2576:
2533:
2493:
2460:
2428:
2391:
2348:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2248:
2234:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1957:Main article:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1910:
1896:
1895:Launch profile
1893:
1883:
1880:
1857:
1854:
1841:
1838:
1825:
1822:
1809:
1806:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1758:Engine Gimbal
1756:
1753:
1752:Engine Gimbal
1750:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1741:Engine Gimbal
1739:
1736:
1735:Engine Gimbal
1733:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1674:
1671:
1657:
1654:
1577:Main article:
1574:
1571:
1516:
1504:
1501:
1480:
1465:
1462:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1399:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1340:maraging steel
1335:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1235:Andhra Pradesh
1133:
1130:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
989:
988:
985:
979:
978:
974:
971:
970:Maximum thrust
967:
966:
963:
959:
958:
955:
951:
950:
947:
943:
942:
939:
935:
934:
930:
929:
924:
920:
919:
916:
912:
911:
908:
902:
901:
897:
894:
893:Maximum thrust
890:
889:
886:
882:
881:
878:
874:
873:
870:
866:
865:
862:
858:
857:
853:
852:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:
828:
824:
823:
820:
814:
813:
809:
806:
805:Maximum thrust
802:
801:
795:
791:
790:
787:
783:
782:
779:
775:
774:
771:
767:
766:
762:
761:
756:
752:
751:
748:
744:
743:
730:
724:
723:
719:
716:
715:Maximum thrust
712:
711:
706:
702:
701:
698:
694:
693:
690:
686:
685:
682:
678:
677:
673:
672:
667:
663:
662:
659:
655:
654:
651:
645:
644:
640:
634:
628:
625:
621:
620:
616:
613:
612:Maximum thrust
609:
608:
605:
601:
600:
597:
593:
592:
589:
585:
584:
581:
577:
576:
569:
565:
564:
560:
559:
554:
550:
549:
546:
542:
541:
538:
532:
531:
527:
524:
523:Maximum thrust
520:
519:
516:
512:
511:
507:
506:
503:
502:
500:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
468:
466:
462:
461:
459:
458:
452:
451:1 January 2024
446:
440:
434:
427:
425:
421:
420:
418:
417:
411:
405:
399:
393:
386:
384:
380:
379:
376:
372:
371:
368:
364:
363:
360:
356:
355:
350:
349:Total launches
346:
345:
340:
336:
335:
332:
328:
327:
326:Launch history
323:
322:
313:
309:
308:
304:
303:
300:
299:
297:
296:
290:
283:
281:
277:
276:
269:
268:
261:
257:
256:
248:
247:
245:
244:
238:
232:
225:
223:
219:
218:
210:
209:
207:
206:
200:
194:
187:
185:
181:
180:
172:
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
117:
116:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8907:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8877:
8875:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8841:
8838:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8812:
8810:
8806:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8759:
8755:
8749:
8746:
8745:
8743:
8739:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8709:
8707:
8703:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8647:
8639:
8636:
8635:
8633:
8632:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8616:
8612:
8602:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8592:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8572:
8570:
8566:
8563:
8559:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8540:
8538:
8534:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8519:
8517:
8513:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8496:
8494:
8493:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8476:
8473:
8472:
8471:
8468:
8464:
8461:
8460:
8459:
8456:
8455:
8453:
8452:
8450:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8437:
8430:
8427:
8423:
8420:
8419:
8418:
8417:
8413:
8409:
8408:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8398:
8397:
8394:
8393:
8391:
8387:
8380:
8377:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8363:
8360:
8357:
8356:Chandrayaan-4
8354:
8350:
8348:
8344:
8342:
8340:
8336:
8335:
8334:
8333:Chandrayaan-3
8331:
8327:
8325:
8321:
8319:
8317:
8313:
8312:
8311:
8310:Chandrayaan-2
8308:
8304:
8301:
8300:
8299:
8298:Chandrayaan-1
8296:
8295:
8293:
8287:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8261:
8259:
8255:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8199:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8166:
8163:
8162:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8132:
8130:
8126:
8121:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8057:
8055:
8053:Organisations
8051:
8045:
8042:
8041:
8038:
8034:
8029:
8020:
8015:
8013:
8008:
8006:
8001:
8000:
7997:
7984:
7981:
7980:
7977:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7945:
7941:
7933:
7930:
7929:
7928:
7925:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7892:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7879:
7876:
7875:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7846:UR-500 Proton
7844:
7843:
7842:
7839:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7816:
7815:
7812:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7758:
7755:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7741:
7738:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7713:
7712:
7709:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7690:
7687:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7664:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7632:Space Shuttle
7630:
7628:
7625:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7612:
7611:
7608:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7533:Blue Scout II
7531:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7524:
7521:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7503:
7502:
7499:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7481:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7459:
7458:
7455:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7378:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7356:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7346:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7279:
7278:
7275:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7224:
7221:
7220:
7219:
7216:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7150:
7147:
7146:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7119:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6887:
6884:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6830:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6791:
6785:
6782:
6778:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6634:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6540:
6537:
6536:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6222:Firefly Alpha
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6153:
6149:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6127:
6120:
6115:
6113:
6108:
6106:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6075:
6067:
6063:
6058:
6055:
6052:, 2 Sep 2023)
6051:
6046:
6043:
6038:
6035:
6031:
6026:
6023:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6006:
6003:
5999:
5994:
5991:
5987:
5982:
5979:
5975:
5970:
5967:
5964:, 7 Nov 2020)
5963:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5940:
5935:
5932:
5928:
5923:
5920:
5916:
5911:
5908:
5905:, 1 Apr 2019)
5904:
5899:
5896:
5892:
5887:
5884:
5880:
5875:
5872:
5869:(16 Sep 2018)
5867:
5864:
5860:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5843:
5840:
5836:
5831:
5828:
5825:(23 Jun 2017)
5823:
5820:
5817:(15 Feb 2017)
5815:
5812:
5809:, 7 Dec 2016)
5808:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5791:
5788:
5785:(22 Jun 2016)
5783:
5780:
5776:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5759:
5756:
5752:
5747:
5744:
5741:(16 Dec 2015)
5739:
5736:
5733:(28 Sep 2015)
5731:
5728:
5724:
5719:
5716:
5712:
5707:
5704:
5700:
5695:
5692:
5689:(30 Jun 2014)
5687:
5684:
5681:, 4 Apr 2014)
5680:
5675:
5672:
5669:, 5 Nov 2013)
5668:
5663:
5660:
5657:, 1 Jul 2013)
5656:
5651:
5648:
5645:(25 Feb 2013)
5643:
5640:
5635:
5632:
5629:(26 Apr 2012)
5627:
5624:
5621:(12 Oct 2011)
5619:
5616:
5613:(15 Jul 2011)
5611:
5608:
5605:(20 Apr 2011)
5603:
5600:
5597:(12 Jul 2010)
5595:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5585:
5578:(23 Sep 2009)
5576:
5573:
5570:(20 Apr 2009)
5568:
5565:
5562:(22 Oct 2008)
5560:
5557:
5554:(28 Apr 2008)
5552:
5549:
5546:(21 Jan 2008)
5544:
5541:
5538:(23 Apr 2007)
5536:
5533:
5530:(10 Jan 2007)
5528:
5525:
5522:, 5 May 2005)
5521:
5516:
5513:
5509:
5508:Resourcesat-1
5504:
5501:
5497:
5492:
5489:
5486:(22 Oct 2001)
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5474:
5469:
5458:(26 May 1999)
5456:
5453:
5450:(29 Sep 1997)
5448:
5445:
5442:(21 Mar 1996)
5440:
5437:
5434:(15 Oct 1994)
5432:
5429:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5403:
5398:
5396:
5391:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5325:
5312:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5283:
5279:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5250:
5246:
5240:
5237:
5224:
5220:
5214:
5211:
5198:
5194:
5188:
5185:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5152:
5144:
5137:
5131:
5128:
5120:
5116:
5115:www.ias.ac.in
5109:
5103:
5100:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5074:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5038:
5035:
5022:
5018:
5015:Rajwi, Tiki.
5011:
5008:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4972:
4967:
4964:
4956:
4952:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4926:
4920:
4916:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4884:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4852:
4848:
4842:
4839:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4811:
4808:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4783:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4758:
4755:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4730:
4714:
4707:
4700:
4697:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4634:
4628:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4597:
4594:
4581:
4578:(in Telugu).
4577:
4573:
4567:
4564:
4556:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4512:
4509:
4501:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4472:
4469:. Satellize.
4468:
4462:
4459:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4406:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4386:
4383:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4356:
4353:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4314:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4287:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4259:
4256:
4248:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4171:
4155:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4131:
4124:
4118:
4115:
4099:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4067:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3980:
3973:
3967:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3917:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3854:on 3 May 2016
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3821:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3718:Iaf Abstracts
3712:
3709:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3667:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3636:
3629:
3626:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3583:
3567:
3560:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3454:
3441:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3367:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3331:
3328:
3320:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3154:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3109:"PSLV - ISRO"
3104:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3068:
3061:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2935:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2914:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2883:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2826:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2757:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2731:
2718:
2711:
2708:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2600:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2445:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2413:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2344:public domain
2326:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2249:
2246:
2235:
2232:
2221:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1977: Retired
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1911:
1909:kN of thrust.
1904:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1834:Chandrayaan-1
1830:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1790:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:carbon–carbon
1549:
1545:
1544:niobium alloy
1540:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1493:thrust vector
1490:
1486:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1404:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1094:Solar mission
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:Chandrayaan-1
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
984:
980:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
928:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
907:
903:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
851:
847:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
819:
815:
807:
803:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
760:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
735:
731:
729:
725:
717:
713:
710:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
671:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
650:
646:
626:
622:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
570:
566:
561:
558:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
537:
533:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
504:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
472:Chandrayaan-1
470:
469:
467:
463:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
428:
426:
422:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
398:23 April 2007
397:
394:
391:
388:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
354:
351:
347:
344:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
321:
317:
314:
310:
305:
301:
294:
291:
288:
285:
284:
282:
278:
275:
270:
267:
262:
258:
254:
249:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
226:
224:
220:
216:
211:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
186:
182:
178:
173:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
109:
104:
91:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
30:
19:
8789:Dhruva Space
8457:
8414:
8405:
8346:
8338:
8323:
8315:
7740:Thorad-Agena
7413:Soyuz/Vostok
6449:
6217:Falcon Heavy
5637:(9 Sep 2012)
5408:
5341:. Retrieved
5327:
5315:. Retrieved
5310:
5301:
5289:. Retrieved
5282:the original
5277:
5265:
5253:. Retrieved
5239:
5227:. Retrieved
5213:
5201:. Retrieved
5187:
5175:. Retrieved
5154:
5143:the original
5130:
5119:the original
5114:
5102:
5090:. Retrieved
5076:
5064:. Retrieved
5047:
5037:
5025:. Retrieved
5010:
4998:. Retrieved
4984:
4966:
4955:the original
4950:
4914:
4897:
4892:15 September
4890:. Retrieved
4883:the original
4870:
4862:
4857:15 September
4855:. Retrieved
4841:
4829:. Retrieved
4820:
4810:
4785:
4773:. Retrieved
4763:
4757:
4732:
4720:. Retrieved
4699:
4687:. Retrieved
4683:
4674:
4662:. Retrieved
4650:
4641:
4615:. Retrieved
4606:
4596:
4584:. Retrieved
4575:
4566:
4555:the original
4542:
4530:. Retrieved
4521:
4511:
4487:
4475:. Retrieved
4461:
4449:. Retrieved
4435:
4423:. Retrieved
4408:
4385:
4373:. Retrieved
4369:the original
4364:
4355:
4343:. Retrieved
4326:
4316:
4304:. Retrieved
4289:
4277:. Retrieved
4268:
4258:
4234:
4222:. Retrieved
4213:
4204:
4192:. Retrieved
4183:
4173:
4161:. Retrieved
4154:the original
4141:
4117:
4105:. Retrieved
4098:the original
4085:
4073:. Retrieved
4066:the original
4053:
4041:. Retrieved
4029:
4020:
4008:. Retrieved
4004:the original
3999:
3990:
3966:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3907:. Retrieved
3882:
3878:
3868:
3856:. Retrieved
3852:the original
3842:
3834:
3827:. Retrieved
3820:the original
3807:
3783:27 September
3781:. Retrieved
3752:. Retrieved
3743:
3734:
3717:
3711:
3699:. Retrieved
3685:
3673:. Retrieved
3653:
3634:
3628:
3616:. Retrieved
3599:
3595:
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3566:the original
3538:. Retrieved
3529:
3520:
3508:. Retrieved
3499:
3475:. Retrieved
3466:
3456:
3444:. Retrieved
3430:
3418:. Retrieved
3409:
3400:
3388:. Retrieved
3379:
3369:
3357:. Retrieved
3340:
3330:
3319:the original
3306:
3294:. Retrieved
3280:
3268:. Retrieved
3254:
3242:. Retrieved
3233:
3224:
3212:. Retrieved
3198:
3186:. Retrieved
3172:
3160:. Retrieved
3121:. Retrieved
3112:
3103:
3094:
3089:
3080:
3066:
3060:
3041:
3013:
2992:. Retrieved
2978:
2969:
2964:
2955:
2950:
2938:. Retrieved
2933:
2929:
2916:
2904:. Retrieved
2895:
2885:
2873:. Retrieved
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2838:
2828:
2816:. Retrieved
2807:
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2769:
2759:
2747:. Retrieved
2743:
2733:
2721:. Retrieved
2719:. Space News
2710:
2698:. Retrieved
2694:the original
2684:
2673:the original
2668:
2641:. Retrieved
2637:the original
2606:. Retrieved
2599:the original
2567:. Retrieved
2563:the original
2510:. Retrieved
2505:
2496:
2484:. Retrieved
2480:the original
2451:. Retrieved
2444:the original
2431:
2419:. Retrieved
2412:the original
2382:. Retrieved
2329:. Retrieved
2320:
2311:
2231:India portal
1962:
1949:
1943:
1930:Vikas Engine
1899:
1898:
1885:
1871:
1870:
1844:
1843:
1828:
1827:
1813:
1811:
1796:
1794:
1785:
1755:Nozzle Flex
1738:Nozzle Flex
1692:
1659:
1643:
1616:
1605:
1594:
1582:
1560:
1541:
1533:space debris
1530:
1526:
1506:
1478:
1451:
1447:
1415:Vikas engine
1412:
1408:Vikas engine
1393:
1378:
1344:
1325:
1306:
1277:
1258:
1247:
1239:
1221:. The solid
1188:
1159:
1146:S Srinivasan
1143:
1127:
1102:
1067:
1035:
1031:
1029:
933:Fourth stage
765:Second stage
624:Total thrust
568:No. boosters
515:No. boosters
454:
448:
442:
439:30 July 2023
436:
430:
416:1 April 2019
413:
407:
401:
395:
389:
383:First flight
339:Launch sites
292:
286:
265:
240:
234:
228:
202:
196:
190:
154:
149:
144:
63:Manufacturer
29:
8774:Sisir Radar
8495:Suborbital
8187:Chandrayaan
7230:LauncherOne
7181:Kaituozhe-1
6958:Black Arrow
6710:Orbex Prime
6609:Hyperbola-2
6574:Antares 330
6274:Kaituozhe 2
6247:Hyperbola-1
5847:Cartosat-2F
5343:29 November
5317:20 February
5311:vikatan.com
5291:15 February
5255:15 February
5229:15 February
5177:22 November
4722:19 December
4684:www.msn.com
4617:9 September
4477:23 February
4451:23 February
4425:23 February
4365:isro.gov.in
4345:23 February
4306:23 February
4279:23 February
4194:23 February
4163:23 February
4107:23 February
4075:23 February
3909:26 December
3858:16 December
3575:23 February
3540:22 February
3530:isro.gov.in
3510:22 February
3500:isro.gov.in
3477:9 September
3420:9 September
3390:9 September
3359:9 September
3244:12 November
3214:12 November
3188:12 November
3162:20 December
2994:30 December
2906:19 December
2875:19 December
2818:15 February
2788:15 February
2749:11 December
2643:20 February
2512:17 December
2453:27 February
2384:21 December
2116:Successful
1704:pyrotechnic
1623:solar cells
1231:Sriharikota
1132:Development
856:Third stage
676:First stage
424:Last flight
359:Success(es)
272:Payload to
251:Payload to
213:Payload to
175:Payload to
8874:Categories
8615:Spaceports
8431:(proposed)
8381:(proposed)
8375:(proposed)
8364:(proposed)
8358:(upcoming)
8281:(proposed)
8279:AstroSat-2
8201:Satellites
8128:Programmes
7235:Long March
7139:Feng Bao 1
6752:Tianlong-3
6678:New Line 1
6636:Long March
6584:Cyclone-4M
6524:Tianlong-2
6502:2.1b / STB
6497:2.1a / STA
6440:Pegasus XL
6306:Long March
6279:Kinetica 1
6202:Chollima-1
5986:Amazônia-1
5939:RISAT-2BR1
5927:Cartosat-3
5891:Microsat-R
5313:(in Tamil)
5066:12 January
5027:11 January
3701:16 October
3446:26 October
3204:"PSLV (1)"
3069:. Viking.
2849:24 January
2486:27 January
2304:References
1989:Successes
1900:PSLV - XL:
1666:spaceplane
1563:3D printed
1537:passivated
1511:(MMH) and
1282:issued an
1229:(SHAR) at
1209:(LPSC) at
1197:(IISU) at
1166:Bhaskara-1
1055:satellites
1040:expendable
1000:Propellant
962:Powered by
923:Propellant
885:Powered by
835:Propellant
794:Powered by
755:Propellant
705:Powered by
666:Propellant
604:Powered by
553:Propellant
367:Failure(s)
312:Comparable
8799:TeamIndus
8779:Satellize
8416:Gaganyaan
8289:Lunar and
8269:Aditya-L1
8248:Kalpana-1
8213:Aryabhata
7334:Paektusan
6963:Conestoga
6720:Red Dwarf
6673:New Glenn
6604:Gravity-2
6594:Epsilon S
6227:Gravity-1
6050:Aditya-L1
5795:SCATSAT-1
5203:2 January
5056:0971-751X
5048:The Hindu
4821:The Hindu
4775:8 January
4659:0971-8257
4607:NEWS9LIVE
4335:0971-751X
4327:The Hindu
4038:0971-8257
3958:110656798
3950:0954-4100
3744:Frontline
3496:"PSLV-C1"
3349:0971-751X
3341:The Hindu
2778:0362-4331
1992:Failures
1986:Launches
1687:Bengaluru
1635:Satellize
1589:Rubin 9.2
1585:Rubin 9.1
1489:polyamide
1366:aluminium
1360:into the
1211:Valiamala
1105:rideshare
1098:Aditya-L1
992:Burn time
965:2 x L-2-5
915:Burn time
827:Burn time
747:Burn time
734:sea level
658:Burn time
545:Burn time
497:Aditya-L1
266:(PSLV-XL)
170:Capacity
8820:SAGA-220
8475:Launches
8463:Launches
8454:Orbital
8264:Astrosat
8165:Cartosat
8135:Bhaskara
7878:original
7868:Vanguard
7851:Proton-K
7824:original
7672:Ablestar
7657:Terran 1
7615:original
7474:Rocket 3
7381:original
7191:original
7117:Falcon 9
7112:Falcon 1
7068:IV Heavy
6784:Zuljanah
6747:Terran R
6730:Block 1B
6715:Pallas-1
6619:Kuaizhou
6579:Bloostar
6519:Starship
6470:Shavit 2
6455:Qaem 100
6445:Proton-M
6403:Minotaur
6284:Kuaizhou
6207:Electron
6175:Ariane 6
6057:PSLV-C58
6045:PSLV-C57
6037:PSLV-C56
6025:PSLV-C55
6017:PSLV-C54
6005:PSLV-C53
5993:PSLV-C52
5981:PSLV-C51
5969:PSLV-C50
5957:PSLV-C49
5934:PSLV-C48
5922:PSLV-C47
5915:RISAT-2B
5910:PSLV-C46
5898:PSLV-C45
5886:PSLV-C44
5874:PSLV-C43
5866:PSLV-C42
5859:IRNSS-1I
5854:PSLV-C41
5842:PSLV-C40
5835:IRNSS-1H
5830:PSLV-C39
5822:PSLV-C38
5814:PSLV-C37
5802:PSLV-C36
5790:PSLV-C35
5782:PSLV-C34
5775:IRNSS-1G
5770:PSLV-C33
5763:IRNSS-1F
5758:PSLV-C32
5751:IRNSS-1E
5746:PSLV-C31
5738:PSLV-C29
5730:PSLV-C30
5718:PSLV-C28
5711:IRNSS-1D
5706:PSLV-C27
5699:IRNSS-1C
5694:PSLV-C26
5686:PSLV-C23
5679:IRNSS-1B
5674:PSLV-C24
5662:PSLV-C25
5655:IRNSS-1A
5650:PSLV-C22
5642:PSLV-C20
5634:PSLV-C21
5626:PSLV-C19
5618:PSLV-C18
5610:PSLV-C17
5602:PSLV-C16
5594:PSLV-C15
5575:PSLV-C14
5567:PSLV-C12
5559:PSLV-C11
5543:PSLV-C10
5364:Archived
5337:Archived
5249:Archived
5223:Archived
5197:Archived
5168:Archived
5092:23 March
5086:Archived
5084:. ISRO.
5060:Archived
5021:Archived
5000:27 April
4994:Archived
4992:. ISRO.
4974:Archived
4851:Archived
4825:Archived
4799:Archived
4769:Archived
4746:Archived
4713:Archived
4627:cite web
4611:Archived
4580:Archived
4526:Archived
4500:Archived
4471:Archived
4445:Archived
4419:Archived
4339:Archived
4300:Archived
4273:Archived
4247:Archived
4218:Archived
4188:Archived
4130:Archived
4010:21 April
3979:Archived
3903:Archived
3793:cite web
3748:Archived
3695:Archived
3666:Archived
3612:Archived
3534:Archived
3504:Archived
3471:Archived
3440:Archived
3414:Archived
3384:Archived
3353:Archived
3290:Archived
3264:Archived
3238:Archived
3208:Archived
3182:Archived
3153:Archived
3117:Archived
2988:Archived
2900:Archived
2869:Archived
2843:Archived
2812:Archived
2782:Archived
2522:cite web
2378:Archived
2325:Archived
2217:See also
2122:Failure
2068:PSLV-QL
2051:PSLV-DL
1983:Variant
1876:PSLV-C45
1867:lift off
1865:PSLV-C45
1849:PSLV-C44
1802:PSLV-C35
1782:Variants
1775:PS4 RCS
1772:PS4 RCS
1724:Stage 4
1721:Stage 3
1718:Stage 2
1715:Stage 1
1646:PSLV-C53
1619:PSLV-C45
1607:PSLV-C44
1601:PSLV-C38
1597:PSLV-C37
1474:PSLV-C45
1454:toroidal
1443:gimbaled
1370:nitrogen
1320:PSLV-C44
1123:Falcon 9
1114:PSLV-C37
1090:Astrosat
1038:) is an
946:Diameter
869:Diameter
778:Diameter
689:Diameter
588:Diameter
482:Astrosat
455:PSLV-QL:
449:PSLV-DL:
443:PSLV-XL:
437:PSLV-CA:
414:PSLV-QL:
408:PSLV-DL:
402:PSLV-XL:
396:PSLV-CA:
155:PSLV-XL:
150:PSLV-CA:
133:Diameter
53:Function
46:SDSC FLP
8831:RESPOND
8808:Related
8601:SCE-200
8561:Engines
8536:Retired
8347:Pragyan
8324:Pragyan
7943:Classes
7814:Tsyklon
7652:Start-1
7423:Voskhod
7418:Sputnik
7354:Molniya
7339:Pilot-2
7176:Juno II
7090:Epsilon
7085:Energia
7075:Diamant
6951:Centaur
6800:Antares
6793:Retired
6742:Soyuz-7
6735:Block 2
6668:Neutron
6658:Miura 5
6492:Soyuz-2
6485:Block 1
6475:Simorgh
6252:Jielong
6180:Atlas V
6151:Current
5551:PSLV-C9
5535:PSLV-C8
5527:PSLV-C7
5515:PSLV-C6
5503:PSLV-C5
5491:PSLV-C4
5483:PSLV-C3
5455:PSLV-C2
5447:PSLV-C1
5439:PSLV-D3
5431:PSLV-D2
5423:PSLV-D1
4831:16 July
4689:26 June
4664:26 June
4532:26 June
4400:Twitter
4375:26 June
4224:27 June
3887:Bibcode
3829:31 July
3754:7 April
3722:Bibcode
3720:: 936.
3675:8 April
3618:7 April
3604:Bibcode
3602:: 559.
3270:8 April
3123:9 March
2896:@103ISC
2723:23 June
2700:8 April
2608:9 April
2421:8 March
2321:gao.gov
2113:Decade
1872:PSLV-QL
1856:PSLV-QL
1845:PSLV-DL
1840:PSLV-DL
1829:PSLV-XL
1824:PSLV-XL
1814:PSLV-CA
1808:PSLV-CA
1696:Isogrid
1644:On the
1550:coated
1184:PSLV-D1
1065:(GTO).
918:113.5 s
431:PSLV-G:
390:PSLV-G:
253:Sub-GTO
145:PSLV-G:
18:PSLV-QL
8764:Pixxel
8575:CE-7.5
8568:Active
8499:Rohini
8448:Active
8407:SRE-II
8341:lander
8339:Vikram
8318:lander
8316:Vikram
8274:XPoSat
8218:HAMSAT
8177:Rohini
7927:Zhuque
7861:Strela
7819:R-36-O
7762:II GLV
7750:SLV-2H
7745:SLV-2G
7733:DSV-2U
7711:Burner
7647:SS-520
7642:Sparta
7610:Shavit
7501:Saturn
7462:Shtil'
7428:Vostok
7371:Polyot
7329:Naro-1
7218:Lambda
7186:Kosmos
7171:Juno I
7095:Europa
6869:Athena
6832:Ariane
6772:Zhuque
6762:Vega E
6614:Irtysh
6551:Zhuque
6269:KAIROS
6158:Angara
6066:POEM-3
6062:XPoSat
6030:POEM-2
6010:POEM-1
5998:EOS-04
5974:CMS-01
5962:EOS-01
5903:EMISAT
5520:HAMSAT
5496:METSAT
5054:
4921:
4657:
4586:6 July
4576:EENADU
4333:
4043:13 May
4036:
3956:
3948:
3641:
3347:
3296:8 June
3230:"PSLV"
3073:
3048:
3020:
2940:13 May
2776:
2569:5 June
2502:"PSLV"
2198:Total
2181:2020s
2164:2010s
2147:2000s
2130:1990s
2125:Total
1975:
1939:orbit.
1914:
1907:
1797:PSLV-G
1791:PSLV-G
1749:SITVC
1732:SITVC
1729:Pitch
1521:Helium
1485:Kevlar
1458:Helium
1266:6,131
1219:kerala
1174:Viking
1119:SpaceX
1072:probe
1053:(IRS)
938:Height
861:Height
770:Height
740:vacuum
681:Height
643:) (DL)
637:) (QL)
631:) (XL)
580:Height
575:2 (DL)
573:4 (QL)
571:6 (XL)
334:Active
331:Status
162:Stages
125:Height
8585:Vikas
8580:CE-20
8401:SRE-1
8349:rover
8326:rover
8238:SARAL
8233:NISAR
8223:IMS-1
8208:APPLE
8182:SROSS
8172:RISAT
8155:IRNSS
8150:INSAT
8140:GAGAN
7890:Zenit
7885:VLS-1
7856:Rokot
7757:Titan
7728:Delta
7689:Agena
7637:SPARK
7523:Scout
7479:Safir
7467:Volna
7376:Soyuz
7166:H-IIB
7080:Dnepr
6968:Delta
6946:Agena
6936:SLV-3
6931:LV-3B
6886:Atlas
6460:Qased
6435:OS-M1
6237:H-IIA
6185:Ceres
5950:2020s
5879:HySIS
5723:DMC-3
5587:2010s
5476:2000s
5416:1990s
5285:(PDF)
5274:(PDF)
5171:(PDF)
5164:(PDF)
5146:(PDF)
5139:(PDF)
5122:(PDF)
5111:(PDF)
4958:(PDF)
4947:(PDF)
4886:(PDF)
4879:(PDF)
4802:(PDF)
4795:(PDF)
4749:(PDF)
4742:(PDF)
4716:(PDF)
4709:(PDF)
4680:"MSN"
4558:(PDF)
4551:(PDF)
4503:(PDF)
4496:(PDF)
4396:Tweet
4250:(PDF)
4243:(PDF)
4157:(PDF)
4150:(PDF)
4133:(PDF)
4126:(PDF)
4101:(PDF)
4094:(PDF)
4069:(PDF)
4062:(PDF)
3982:(PDF)
3975:(PDF)
3954:S2CID
3823:(PDF)
3816:(PDF)
3669:(PDF)
3662:(PDF)
3569:(PDF)
3562:(PDF)
3322:(PDF)
3315:(PDF)
3156:(PDF)
3149:(PDF)
2926:(PDF)
2676:(PDF)
2665:(PDF)
2602:(PDF)
2595:(PDF)
2447:(PDF)
2440:(PDF)
2415:(PDF)
2408:(PDF)
2331:2 May
1763:Roll
1614:kit.
1531:As a
1419:Earth
1346:Pitch
1268:crore
1213:near
1179:SLV-3
1152:from
1070:lunar
1057:into
1019:[
995:525 s
830:133 s
799:Vikas
750:110 s
492:NAVIC
487:SRE-1
108:crore
90:crore
74:India
8548:ASLV
8527:NGLV
8487:SSLV
8482:LVM3
8470:GSLV
8458:PSLV
8422:CARE
8145:GSAT
7915:3SLB
7873:Vega
7802:CT-3
7787:IIIE
7782:IIID
7777:IIIC
7772:IIIB
7767:IIIA
7667:Able
7662:Thor
7563:X-2B
7553:X-3M
7543:X-2M
7457:R-29
7349:Luna
7324:N-II
7302:3SII
7201:2/2I
7161:H-II
7149:Mk I
7144:GSLV
7127:v1.1
7122:v1.0
7048:5000
7043:4000
7038:3000
7033:2000
7028:1000
7023:0100
6941:Able
6864:ASLV
6825:230+
6767:Zero
6693:OS-M
6688:Nova
6683:NGLV
6599:Eris
6589:Deca
6534:Vega
6529:Unha
6514:SSLV
6507:2-1v
6450:PSLV
6430:Nuri
6398:LVM3
6331:3B/E
6232:GSLV
5345:2018
5319:2017
5293:2022
5278:Isro
5257:2022
5231:2022
5205:2018
5179:2017
5094:2019
5068:2019
5052:ISSN
5029:2019
5002:2007
4919:ISBN
4894:2018
4859:2018
4833:2011
4777:2020
4724:2019
4691:2024
4666:2024
4655:ISSN
4633:link
4619:2022
4588:2022
4534:2022
4479:2020
4453:2020
4427:2020
4377:2020
4347:2020
4331:ISSN
4308:2020
4281:2020
4226:2022
4196:2020
4165:2020
4109:2020
4077:2020
4045:2024
4034:ISSN
4012:2024
3946:ISSN
3911:2021
3860:2015
3831:2023
3799:link
3785:2009
3756:2021
3703:2018
3677:2021
3639:ISBN
3620:2021
3577:2020
3542:2020
3512:2020
3479:2022
3448:2017
3422:2022
3392:2022
3361:2022
3345:ISSN
3298:2018
3272:2014
3246:2014
3216:2014
3190:2014
3164:2019
3125:2022
3071:ISBN
3046:ISBN
3018:ISBN
2996:2018
2942:2023
2936:(11)
2908:2017
2877:2017
2851:2021
2820:2017
2790:2017
2774:ISSN
2751:2019
2725:2017
2702:2014
2645:2015
2610:2018
2571:2017
2528:link
2514:2020
2488:2022
2455:2022
2423:2017
2386:2014
2333:2018
2272:LVM3
1812:The
1746:Yaw
1660:The
1627:IIST
1599:and
1542:The
1374:Roll
1362:S139
1348:and
1294:and
1189:The
1154:SHAR
1036:PSLV
1030:The
927:HTPB
850:UDMH
759:HTPB
709:S139
670:HTPB
661:70 s
557:HTPB
548:44 s
320:Nuri
316:Vega
280:Mass
260:Mass
222:Mass
184:Mass
141:Mass
120:Size
106:200
88:130
66:ISRO
8543:SLV
8504:ATV
8160:IRS
7910:3SL
7905:2FG
7797:23G
7792:34D
7627:SLV
7603:G-1
7598:F-1
7593:E-1
7588:A-1
7583:D-1
7578:B-1
7558:X-4
7548:X-3
7538:X-2
7528:X-1
7344:R-7
7319:N-I
7156:H-I
7058:III
6926:III
6901:E/F
6820:230
6815:130
6810:120
6805:110
6757:VLM
6725:SLS
6663:MLV
6480:SLS
6465:RS1
6391:11H
6163:1.2
3938:doi
3934:221
3895:doi
3600:430
2839:CNN
2210:60
2201:57
2193:10
2184:10
2176:34
2167:33
2159:11
2150:11
2091:57
2088:60
2040:24
2037:25
2023:17
2020:17
2006:10
2003:12
1631:AIS
1617:On
1595:On
1356:of
1350:yaw
1170:SSO
1008:MON
1004:MMH
888:S-7
607:off
293:XL:
274:GTO
241:XL:
235:CA:
215:SSO
203:XL:
197:CA:
177:LEO
8876::
7920:3F
7900:2M
7807:IV
7511:IB
7494:1B
7489:1A
7448:2M
7406:U2
7386:FG
7314:N1
7297:3S
7292:3H
7287:3C
7282:4S
7277:Mu
7270:4A
7265:3B
7255:2E
7250:2A
7245:1D
7223:4S
7211:3M
7105:II
7063:IV
7053:II
6921:II
6879:II
6651:12
6646:10
6629:31
6624:21
6413:IV
6386:11
6376:7A
6366:6A
6356:5B
6346:4C
6341:4B
6336:3C
6326:3A
6321:2F
6316:2D
6311:2C
6299:11
6294:1A
6242:H3
6195:1S
6168:A5
6064:,
5335:.
5309:.
5276:.
5221:.
5166:.
5113:.
5058:.
5050:.
5046:.
5019:.
4949:.
4933:^
4905:^
4896:.
4861:.
4819:.
4797:.
4744:.
4711:.
4682:.
4653:.
4649:.
4629:}}
4625:{{
4609:.
4605:.
4574:.
4524:.
4520:.
4443:.
4363:.
4337:.
4329:.
4325:.
4271:.
4267:.
4245:.
4216:.
4212:.
4186:.
4182:.
4028:.
3998:.
3977:.
3952:.
3944:.
3932:.
3928:.
3901:.
3893:.
3883:58
3881:.
3877:.
3833:.
3795:}}
3791:{{
3764:^
3746:.
3742:.
3693:.
3610:.
3598:.
3594:.
3550:^
3532:.
3528:.
3502:.
3498:.
3487:^
3469:.
3465:.
3412:.
3408:.
3382:.
3378:.
3351:.
3343:.
3339:.
3262:.
3236:.
3232:.
3133:^
3115:.
3111:.
3079:.
3032:^
3004:^
2932:.
2928:.
2898:.
2894:.
2867:.
2841:.
2837:.
2810:.
2806:.
2780:.
2772:.
2768:.
2742:.
2667:.
2653:^
2618:^
2579:^
2536:^
2524:}}
2520:{{
2504:.
2463:^
2394:^
2376:.
2351:^
2319:.
2207:2
2204:1
2190:0
2187:0
2173:1
2170:0
2156:0
2153:0
2142:5
2139:1
2136:1
2133:3
2097:1
2094:2
2080:0
2077:0
2074:2
2071:2
2063:0
2060:0
2057:4
2054:4
2046:0
2043:1
2029:0
2026:0
2012:1
2009:1
1891:.
1820:.
1685:,
1460:.
1429:(N
1233:,
1217:,
1100:.
1096:,
1088:,
1080:,
797:1
362:57
353:60
318:,
287:G:
229:G:
191:G:
8018:e
8011:t
8004:v
7932:1
7895:2
7834:3
7829:2
7721:2
7716:1
7704:D
7699:B
7694:A
7682:2
7677:1
7620:1
7573:A
7568:B
7516:V
7506:I
7484:1
7443:2
7438:K
7433:L
7401:U
7396:M
7391:L
7364:L
7359:M
7307:V
7260:3
7240:1
7206:3
7196:1
7100:I
7018:N
7013:M
7008:L
7003:J
6998:G
6993:E
6988:D
6983:C
6978:B
6973:A
6916:I
6911:H
6906:G
6896:D
6891:B
6874:I
6857:5
6852:4
6847:3
6842:2
6837:1
6777:3
6703:4
6698:2
6641:9
6556:2
6539:C
6423:C
6418:V
6408:I
6381:8
6371:7
6361:6
6351:5
6289:1
6262:3
6257:1
6190:1
6118:e
6111:t
6104:v
6060:(
6048:(
5996:(
5984:(
5972:(
5960:(
5937:(
5925:(
5913:(
5901:(
5889:(
5877:(
5857:(
5845:(
5833:(
5805:(
5793:(
5773:(
5761:(
5749:(
5721:(
5709:(
5697:(
5677:(
5665:(
5653:(
5518:(
5506:(
5494:(
5401:e
5394:t
5387:v
5347:.
5321:.
5295:.
5259:.
5233:.
5207:.
5181:.
5096:.
5070:.
5031:.
5004:.
4927:.
4835:.
4779:.
4726:.
4693:.
4668:.
4635:)
4621:.
4590:.
4536:.
4481:.
4455:.
4429:.
4402:.
4394:(
4379:.
4349:.
4310:.
4283:.
4228:.
4198:.
4167:.
4111:.
4079:.
4047:.
4014:.
3960:.
3940::
3913:.
3897::
3889::
3862:.
3801:)
3787:.
3758:.
3728:.
3724::
3705:.
3679:.
3647:.
3622:.
3606::
3579:.
3544:.
3514:.
3481:.
3450:.
3424:.
3394:.
3363:.
3300:.
3274:.
3248:.
3218:.
3192:.
3166:.
3127:.
3054:.
3026:.
2998:.
2944:.
2934:7
2910:.
2879:.
2853:.
2822:.
2792:.
2753:.
2727:.
2704:.
2647:.
2612:.
2573:.
2530:)
2516:.
2490:.
2457:.
2425:.
2388:.
2346:.
2335:.
1946:.
1689:.
1587:/
1517:f
1487:-
1481:f
1439:f
1435:4
1433:O
1431:2
1389:f
1385:f
1336:f
1273:₹
1263:₹
1034:(
1023:]
1006:/
977:)
975:f
900:)
898:f
848:/
845:4
843:O
841:2
839:N
812:)
810:f
742:)
736:)
722:)
720:f
641:f
635:f
629:f
619:)
617:f
530:)
528:f
518:6
378:1
370:2
165:4
113:₹
103:₹
99:-
95:₹
85:₹
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
