Knowledge (XXG)

PTAA GMB Model

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minimum average error (or maximum R2) is attained, the generated balances and other variables are considered to be real. A simplex optimization technique is used to determine the optimal coefficient values that are used in algorithms to convert meteorological observations to snow accumulation and snow and ice ablation.
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a large tidewater glacier that began a drastic retreat in the 1970s due to climate fluctuations and began discharging large quantities of icebergs into Prince William Sound. These icebergs were responsible for a massive oil spill in 1989 when an oil tanker captain tried to avoid them and went aground.
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The key to the PTAAGMB model is the glacier’s area-altitude distribution, which is simply the glacier’s surface area as a function of elevation. The AA profile is a unique feature of a glacier that has been shaped by thousands of years of erosion of the bedrock underlying the glacier. Thus, the area
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Glaciers are ultra-sensitive to minute changes in the climate and respond by changing their size and by advancing or retreating. The mass balance, or the difference between snow accumulation and snow and ice ablation, is crucial to glacier health and its survival. The Columbia Glacier in Alaska is
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The PTAAGMB model uses daily values of such balance variables as snowline altitude, zero balance altitude, glacier balance, balance flux and the accumulation area ratio are correlated throughout the ablation season using two-degree polynomial regressions to obtain the lowest fitting error. When the
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The PTAAGMB model has been used successfully on a number of glaciers in various parts of the world: in the United States, the Alaskan glaciers Bering, Gulkana, Lemon Creek, Mendenhall, Wolverine and Wrangell Range; in Washington State, on the South Cascade Glacier; in Europe, the Austrian glaciers
116:. Ice volume loss measured with the PTAAGMB model agrees within 0.8% of the loss measured with the geodetic method. Runoff from Bering Glacier (derived from simulated ablation and rain) correlates with four of the glacier surges that have occurred since 1951. 232:
A Comparison of glacier mass balance by glaciological, hydrological and mapping methods, South Cascade Glacier, Washington, Tangborn, W, Krimmel, R., Meier, M, Snow and Ice Symposium, Proceedings of the Moscow Symposium, August, 1971: IAHS-AISH, Pub. No. 104,
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Using low-altitude meteorological observations to calculate the mass balance of Alaska's Columbia Glacier and relate it to calving and speed, Tangborn, W, Byrd Polar Research Center Report No. 15, Calving Glaciers Report of a Workshop, 1997, Columbus,
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Mass balance and runoff of the partially debris-covered Langtang Glacier, Nepal, Tangborn. W. and Rana, Birbal, Debris Covered Glaciers, Proceedings of a workshop held in Seattle, WA.USA, September 2000, IAHS Publication no. 264,
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Developed in the mid-1990s by glaciologist Wendell Tangborn, the PTAAGMB model provides an easy and reliable alternative to the challenging task of manually measuring glaciers using snow pits and ablation stakes.
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and mapping methods revealed that glaciers internally store a significant amount of liquid water. Stored water in glaciers is now considered the key to understanding the disintegration of Antarctic and
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was determined with the PTAAGMB model using daily meteorological observations observed at Kathmandu. This is the only Himalayan glacier for which mass balance and runoff have been calculated.
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The PTAAGMB model only requires data from the precipitation and temperature (PT) observations from nearby low-altitude weather stations and the glacier's area-altitude (AA) distribution.
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was found to be 83 meters in 1965, based on flow velocity and balance measurements. Borehole depth measurements of the glacier made later approximately agree with this estimate.
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A mass balance model that uses low altitude meteorological observations and the area-altitude distribution of a glacier, Tangborn, W., Geografiska Annuler, 81A, 1999.
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Another feature of the PTAAGMB model is the capability to estimate glacier thickness from ice flow velocity and mass balance measurements. The average thickness of
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A website with PTAAGMB results reported from 9 different glaciers, 5 of which are compared with available manual measurements, can be seen at
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Net Budget and Flow of South Cascade Glacier, Washington, Meier, M. and Tangborn, W., Journal of Glaciology, US Geological Survey, 1965.
273: 35:, the primary indicator of its health, and plots the changes to its mass balance over time to predict its future. 253:
Using Low-Altitude Meteorological Observations to Calculate the Mass Balance of Alaska’s Columbia Glacier
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Mass balance, runoff and surges of Bering Glacier, Alaska, Tangborn, W. The Cryosphere, 7, 1-9, 2013
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altitude distribution has embedded within it the past climate history that has formed the glacier.
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were calculated with the PTAAGMB model using weather observations at
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Precipitation-Temperature-Area-Altitude Glacier Mass Balance
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PTAAGMB Model vs. Manual Measurements Comparison Chart
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The PTAAGMB Model is used for calculating a glacier's
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Hintereisferner, Kesselwanferner and Vernagt Ferner.
8: 100:Mass Balance, Runoff and Surge Calculation 178: 104:The mass balance, runoff and surges of 46:Glacier Mass Balance and Climate Change 124:Comparison of glacier mass balance by 7: 120:Comparison of Mass Balance Methods 14: 249:National Snow and Ice Data Center 76:The mass balance and runoff of 1: 88:Glacier Thickness Calculation 290: 55:Area-Altitude Distribution 274:Effects of climate change 68:Application to Glaciers 157: 155: 94:South Cascade Glacier 167:Glacier mass balance 158: 135:Greenland Ice Caps 281: 234: 230: 224: 221: 215: 212: 206: 202: 196: 193: 187: 183: 141:More Information 78:Langtang Glacier 289: 288: 284: 283: 282: 280: 279: 278: 259: 258: 243: 238: 237: 231: 227: 222: 218: 213: 209: 203: 199: 194: 190: 184: 180: 175: 163: 147:www.ptaagmb.com 143: 122: 114:Yakutat, Alaska 102: 90: 70: 57: 48: 29: 12: 11: 5: 287: 285: 277: 276: 271: 261: 260: 257: 256: 250: 242: 241:External links 239: 236: 235: 225: 216: 207: 197: 188: 177: 176: 174: 171: 170: 169: 162: 159: 142: 139: 121: 118: 106:Bering Glacier 101: 98: 89: 86: 69: 66: 56: 53: 47: 44: 28: 25: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 286: 275: 272: 270: 267: 266: 264: 254: 251: 248: 245: 244: 240: 229: 226: 220: 217: 211: 208: 201: 198: 192: 189: 182: 179: 172: 168: 165: 164: 160: 154: 150: 148: 140: 138: 136: 131: 127: 126:glaciological 119: 117: 115: 111: 107: 99: 97: 95: 87: 85: 83: 79: 74: 67: 65: 61: 54: 52: 45: 43: 40: 36: 34: 26: 24: 22: 18: 228: 219: 210: 200: 191: 181: 144: 130:hydrological 123: 103: 91: 75: 71: 62: 58: 49: 41: 37: 33:mass balance 30: 20: 16: 15: 269:Glaciology 263:Categories 173:References 161:See also 27:Overview 255:PTAAGMB 110:Cordova 17:PTAAGMB 247:NSIDC 233:1975. 205:2000. 82:Nepal 112:and 80:in 265:: 186:OH 149:. 137:. 128:, 23:) 19:(

Index

mass balance
Langtang Glacier
Nepal
South Cascade Glacier
Bering Glacier
Cordova
Yakutat, Alaska
glaciological
hydrological
Greenland Ice Caps
www.ptaagmb.com

Glacier mass balance
NSIDC
Using Low-Altitude Meteorological Observations to Calculate the Mass Balance of Alaska’s Columbia Glacier
Categories
Glaciology
Effects of climate change

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