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estuary, many ascending the rivers into fresh water and most of the fish recorded in freshwater or less saline habitats are young juveniles. These feed on amphipods, invertebrates, small fish, and aquatic insect larvae. The older fishes tend to be found further upstream than the young fish which move into the rivers from marine or estuary environments. Fish living in the sea may move in and out with the tide and prey on crabs, shrimp and other fish. Feeding is mainly nocturnal but they will forage at any time of the day.
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Pacific staghorn sculpins are slender fish, with a wide, large, highly flattened head with a body which tapers towards the tail. Its overall color is grayish-olive on the upper body, there a few yellow tints and it fades to creamy yellow on the underside. They are reported to be able to change their
394:
takes place in salt or brackish water between
October and April, although in California they spawn in January and February. Each female lays between 2 and 10 thousand eggs and following spawning adults rapidly leave for deeper waters. The eggs take 10 days to hatch into larvae. They can breathe air
389:
The
Pacific staghorn sculpin is a largely marine fish which spends the majority of its life in saline and brackish waters but they can adapt to both fresh and hypers saline waters. The larval stage starts in estuarine environments, being found over soft and sandy substrates. The juveniles leave the
344:
being marked with black spots close to the tips of the rearmost 3 spines and a white band long its base, while the second dorsal fin is dusky with a number of diagonal white to yellowish bands. The pectoral fins are yellow marked with 5 or 6 dark green bars. The large eyes are placed on the top of
345:
the head and they have a large wide mouth containing many small teeth. The preoperculum has a large spine that ends in three or four sharp, recurved spinules. The dorsal fins are supported by between 6 and 8 spines and between 15 and 20 soft rays while the anal fin has 14 to 20 rays. The
381:. These sculpins are commonly found near the shore, particularly in bays and estuaries; most often on sandy substrates. As adults they are found in sheltered marine estuaries while the juveniles are found in freshwater streams and upper estuarine environments.
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color to camouflage them. The anal and pelvic fins are lighter and the caudal fin is dusky with 1 or 2 light-colored bars. The dorsal fins are continuous with the first
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The
Pacific staghorn sculpin is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean along the western coast of North America from the
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237:, the typical sculpins. This species is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. It is the only species in the
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528:"Order Perciformes: Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Cottales: Family Cottidae (Sculpins)"
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of 46 cm (18 in) but 35 cm (14 in) is more typical.
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when out of the water. They will bury themselves in sandy substrates.
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Christopher
Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (22 October 2022).
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902:
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means "armed", a reference to the large and sharp spines on the
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675:(University of California Press, 2002), pp. 361–363
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J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
691:
460:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
532:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
277:. Girard placed it in a new monospecific genus,
254:The Pacific staghorn sculpin was first formally
436:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T202670A18236623.en
8:
353:is straight. This species reaches a maximum
534:. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara
306:The Pacific staghorn sculpin's genus name,
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48:
29:
20:
620:. Regents of the University of California
521:
519:
502:(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495.
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349:is rounded. They lack any scales and the
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962:Taxa named by Charles Frédéric Girard
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553:
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952:IUCN Red List least concern species
422:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
644:Biodiversity of the Central Coast
73:
476:California Academy of Sciences
1:
379:San QuintĂn, Baja California
673:Inland Fishes of California
983:
640:"Pacific staghorn sculpin"
614:"Pacific Staghorn Sculpin"
559:"Pacific Staghorn Sculpin"
314:, meaning "slender", and
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185:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
24:Pacific staghorn sculpin
23:
646:. University of Victoria
588:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
361:Distribution and habitat
298:of the family Cottidae,
214:Pacific staghorn sculpin
618:California Fish Species
263:Charles Frédéric Girard
967:Fish described in 1854
602:. August 2022 version.
462:"Species in the genus
429:: e.T202670A18236623.
369:, on the southeastern
310:, is a combination of
258:in 1854 by the French
458:Eschmeyer, William N.
417:"Leptocottus armatus"
415:NatureServe. (2014).
287:classifies the genus
281:. The 5th edition of
693:Leptocottus armatus
592:Leptocottus armatus
499:Fishes of the World
284:Fishes of the World
219:Leptocottus armatus
196:Leptocottus armatus
40:Conservation status
239:monospecific genus
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911:Open Tree of Life
685:Taxon identifiers
509:978-1-118-34233-6
471:Catalog of Fishes
230:belonging to the
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178:L. armatus
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127:Scorpaeniformes
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561:. Mexican Fish
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663:Bibliography
648:. Retrieved
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622:. Retrieved
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536:. Retrieved
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440:. Retrieved
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355:total length
351:lateral line
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329:preoperculum
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243:Lepidocottus
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859:NatureServe
807:iNaturalist
723:Leptocottus
717:Wikispecies
464:Leptocottus
335:Description
308:Leptocottus
291:within the
289:Leptocottus
279:Leptocottus
158:Leptocottus
143:Subfamily:
946:Categories
650:31 January
624:31 January
565:31 January
538:31 January
481:31 January
442:31 January
399:References
371:Bering Sea
347:caudal fin
342:dorsal fin
275:California
226:of marine
373:coast of
302:Etymology
293:subfamily
269:given as
265:with its
260:biologist
256:described
172:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
957:Cottinae
864:2.104345
825:10158272
781:FishBase
731:BioLib:
708:Q2708915
702:Wikidata
599:FishBase
392:Spawning
296:Cottinae
250:Taxonomy
235:Cottidae
222:) is a
147:Cottinae
137:Cottidae
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
799:2333923
385:Biology
325:armatus
224:species
153:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
929:254345
916:520272
903:254345
890:795650
877:214925
851:202670
838:167302
773:125065
734:312230
506:
375:Alaska
320:. The
317:Cottus
312:leptos
232:family
205:, 1854
203:Girard
166:, 1854
164:Girard
924:WoRMS
820:IRMNG
812:49163
768:EUNIS
760:3TMSV
747:59606
898:OBIS
872:NCBI
846:IUCN
833:ITIS
794:GBIF
786:4112
742:BOLD
652:2023
626:2023
567:2023
540:2023
504:ISBN
483:2023
444:2023
427:2014
212:The
755:CoL
431:doi
273:in
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216:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
