357:
40:
49:
189:, the facility was transformed into the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center, which completed construction in mid-2007, and after transfer of the bulk of archives, opened for free public movie screenings on most weekends in the fall 2008. The campus offered, for the first time, a single site to store all 6.3 million pieces of the library's movie, television, and sound collection.
311:
286:. With a further $ 150 million from the Packard Humanities Institute and $ 82.1 million from Congress, the facility was transformed into the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center, which opened in mid-2007. The center offered, for the first time, a single site to store all 6.3 million pieces of the library's movie, television, and sound collection.
240:
Dedicated on
December 10, 1969, the 400 ft-long (120 m), 140,000 sq ft (13,000 m) radiation-hardened facility was constructed of steel-reinforced concrete one ft (30 cm) thick. Lead-lined shutters could be dropped to shield the windows of the semi-recessed facility,
382:
identification workshop for silent and sound films. Unidentified or misidentified silent films and film clips were screened for registered attendees, who collectively attempted to identify the unknown works. The films screened were not only from the
Library of Congress's collections, but also from
302:
roofs. It was designed to have minimal visual impact on the
Virginia countryside by blending into the existing landscape. From the northwest, only a semi-circular terraced arcade appears in the hill to allow natural light into the administrative and work areas. Additionally, the site also included
273:
In 1988, all money was removed from Mount Pony. The
Culpeper Switch ceased operation in 1992, its functions having been decentralized to three smaller sites. In addition, its status as continuity of government site was removed. The facility was poorly maintained by a skeleton staff until 1997 when
257:
foods for the first 30 days of occupation was stored on site; private wells would provide uncontaminated water following an attack. Other noteworthy features of the facility were a cold storage area for maintaining bodies unable to be promptly buried (due to high radiation levels outside), an
244:
Between 1969 and 1988, the bunker stored several billion dollars worth of U.S. currency, including a large number of $ 2 bills shrink-wrapped and stacked on pallets 9 ft (2.7 m) high. Following a nuclear attack, this money was to be used to replenish currency supplies east of the
241:
which is covered by 2 to 4 ft (0.61 to 1.22 m) of dirt and surrounded by barbed-wire fences and a guard post. The seven computers at the facility, operated by the
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, were the central node for all American electronic funds transfer activities.
252:
facility. With a peacetime staff of 100, the site was designed to support an emergency staff of 540 for 30 days, but only 200 beds were provided in the men's and women's dormitories (to be shared on a "hot-bunk" basis by the staff working around the clock). A pre-planned menu of
192:
Technically, the
Packard Campus (PCAVC) is just the largest part of the whole National Audio-Visual Conservation Center (NAVCC), which also consists of the Library of Congress's Motion Picture and Television Division and Recorded Sound Division reference centers on
212:
and landscape designers SWA Group, along with DPR Construction, Inc., collaborated in what is now the largest green-roofed commercial facility in the eastern United States, blending into the surrounding environment and ecosystem.
672:
208:, involved upgrading the existing bunker and creating an entirely new, below-ground entry building that also includes a large screening room, office space and research facilities. Designers BAR Architects, project-architect
425:, offering the general public the opportunity to tour the facility and attend presentations by campus staff about the work they do for the Library of Congress and the audio-visual collections they maintain in the facility.
796:
265:
electronic funds transfer system, which at the time connected only the Fed's member banks. The
Culpeper Switch also served as a data backup point for member banks east of the Mississippi River.
866:
662:
811:
445:
816:
62:
801:
861:
806:
841:
706:
826:
781:
786:
422:
473:
403:
318:
The underground vaults (some set to temperatures below freezing) contain nearly 90 mi (140 km) of shelving, not including 124
279:
174:
441:
508:
225:
tensions came fear that in the event of a nuclear war, the economy of the United States would be destroyed. In response to this, the
871:
846:
754:
400:
388:
337:
The campus also contains a 206-seat theater capable of projecting both film and modern digital cinema and which features a digital
178:
560:
821:
304:
356:
392:
345:
screenings. The
Packard Campus currently holds semi-weekly screenings of films of cultural significance in its reproduction
851:
641:
226:
610:
836:
407:
182:
856:
710:
831:
791:
261:
The facility also housed the
Culpeper Switch, which was the central switching station of the Federal Reserve's
249:
39:
201:, and any other Library of Congress audio-visual storage facilities that remain outside the Packard Campus.
181:
via a $ 5.5 million grant, done on behalf of the
Library of Congress. With a further $ 150 million from the
17:
585:
275:
186:
198:
170:
384:
667:
636:
503:
283:
150:
466:
323:
154:
98:
750:
375:
234:
48:
498:
282:
from the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond via a $ 5.5 million grant, done on behalf of the
295:
775:
556:
338:
254:
230:
209:
691:
419:
326:. The campus's data center is the first archive to preserve digital content at the
319:
194:
173:. With the approval of the United States Congress in 1997, it was purchased by the
169:
From 1969 to 1988, the campus was a high-security storage facility operated by the
631:
396:
342:
725:
606:
350:
122:
77:
64:
310:
346:
331:
327:
222:
158:
307:, amassing over 9,000 tree saplings and nearly 200,000 other plantings.
262:
766:
355:
309:
581:
258:
incinerator, indoor pistol range, and a helicopter landing pad.
299:
551:
549:
547:
406:, the Lobster Film Archive, and the Newsfilm Library at the
767:
National Audio Visual Conservation Center (NAVCC) home page
383:
other participating film archives, which have included the
274:
the bunker was offered for sale. With the approval of the
442:"Library of Congress Unlocks the Ultimate Archive System"
322:
vaults: the largest nitrate film storage complex in the
303:
the largest private sector re-forestation effort on the
410:. Screenings were held in the Packard Campus Theater.
797:
Buildings and structures in Culpeper County, Virginia
418:
The Packard Campus hosts an annual open house on the
298:, being situated mostly underground and topped with
117:
112:
104:
93:
32:
467:"Mid-Atlantic Construction Magazine Best of 2007"
153:audiovisual archive located inside Mount Pony in
867:Tourist attractions in Culpeper County, Virginia
248:Prior to July 1992, the bunker also served as a
726:"The Culpeper Switch (Federal Reserve Booklet)"
632:"Library's Packard Campus Hosts "Mostly Lost""
812:Continuity of government in the United States
341:that rises from under the stage to accompany
8:
147:Packard Campus for Audio-Visual Conservation
18:Packard Campus for Audio-Visual Conservation
817:Disaster preparedness in the United States
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
29:
27:US Library of Congress audiovisual archive
802:Buildings of the United States government
663:"Library to Hold Annual Fall Open Houses"
233:to replenish the cash supply east of the
862:Television archives in the United States
370:Mostly Lost Film Identification Workshop
294:The Packard Campus was designed to be a
204:The PCAVC design, named Best of 2007 by
143:National Audiovisual Conservation Center
433:
237:in the event of a catastrophic event.
807:Cold War history of the United States
360:Interior of the Theater in April 2024
229:constructed a bunker to house enough
7:
842:Nuclear bunkers in the United States
749:. Pen & Sword Books Ltd, 2002.
479:from the original on 21 August 2011
404:Hugh M. Hefner Moving Image Archive
401:University of Southern California's
280:David and Lucile Packard Foundation
175:David and Lucile Packard Foundation
827:Film archives in the United States
541:. Pen & Sword Books Ltd, 2002.
389:UCLA Film & Television Archive
206:Mid-Atlantic Construction Magazine
25:
582:"Architect of the Capitol (AOC)"
378:, the Packard Campus hosted the
179:Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond
47:
38:
782:2007 establishments in Virginia
747:Cold War Secret Nuclear Bunkers
707:"The Fed's Own Cold War Bunker"
675:from the original on 2019-09-30
644:from the original on 2016-03-05
613:from the original on 2014-12-21
588:from the original on 2011-03-03
563:from the original on 2011-07-21
539:Cold War Secret Nuclear Bunkers
511:from the original on 2017-12-03
448:from the original on 2010-06-07
1:
787:Archives in the United States
557:"Packard Campus Architecture"
227:United States Federal Reserve
499:"Features of Packard Campus"
408:University of South Carolina
183:Packard Humanities Institute
888:
374:Every summer prior to the
278:, it was purchased by the
59:
55:
46:
37:
872:Underground construction
847:Sustainable architecture
250:continuity of government
185:and $ 82.1 million from
97:19053 Mount Pony Road,
822:Federal Reserve System
361:
315:
314:Packard Campus Theater
276:United States Congress
217:Federal Reserve bunker
359:
349:theater according to
313:
199:Mary Pickford Theater
171:Federal Reserve Board
151:Library of Congress's
78:38.44306°N 77.97306°W
852:Sustainable building
385:George Eastman House
145:, also known as the
837:Library of Congress
668:Library of Congress
637:Library of Congress
504:Library of Congress
472:. 8 February 2017.
290:Campus architecture
284:Library of Congress
245:Mississippi River.
83:38.44306; -77.97306
74: /
857:Sustainable design
393:EYE Film Institute
362:
324:Western hemisphere
316:
832:Film preservation
792:Audio engineering
376:COVID-19 pandemic
235:Mississippi River
139:
138:
113:Other information
16:(Redirected from
879:
735:
733:
732:
721:
719:
718:
709:. Archived from
702:
700:
699:
684:
683:
681:
680:
659:
653:
652:
650:
649:
628:
622:
621:
619:
618:
603:
597:
596:
594:
593:
578:
572:
571:
569:
568:
553:
542:
535:
520:
519:
517:
516:
495:
489:
488:
486:
484:
478:
471:
463:
457:
456:
454:
453:
438:
305:Eastern Seaboard
135:
132:
130:
128:
126:
124:
89:
88:
86:
85:
84:
79:
75:
72:
71:
70:
67:
51:
42:
30:
21:
887:
886:
882:
881:
880:
878:
877:
876:
772:
771:
763:
745:McCamley, N.J.
742:
740:Further reading
730:
728:
724:
716:
714:
705:
697:
695:
690:
687:
678:
676:
661:
660:
656:
647:
645:
630:
629:
625:
616:
614:
605:
604:
600:
591:
589:
580:
579:
575:
566:
564:
555:
554:
545:
537:McCamley, N.J.
536:
523:
514:
512:
497:
496:
492:
482:
480:
476:
469:
465:
464:
460:
451:
449:
440:
439:
435:
431:
423:federal holiday
416:
414:Fall Open House
372:
367:
292:
271:
219:
167:
129:/avconservation
121:
82:
80:
76:
73:
68:
65:
63:
61:
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
885:
883:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
774:
773:
770:
769:
762:
761:External links
759:
758:
757:
741:
738:
737:
736:
722:
703:
686:
685:
654:
623:
598:
573:
543:
521:
490:
458:
432:
430:
427:
415:
412:
371:
368:
366:
363:
296:green building
291:
288:
270:
267:
218:
215:
166:
163:
137:
136:
119:
115:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
95:
91:
90:
57:
56:
53:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
33:Packard Campus
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
884:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
777:
768:
765:
764:
760:
756:
755:0-85052-746-5
752:
748:
744:
743:
739:
727:
723:
713:on 2007-09-27
712:
708:
704:
693:
689:
688:
674:
670:
669:
664:
658:
655:
643:
639:
638:
633:
627:
624:
612:
608:
607:"Mostly Lost"
602:
599:
587:
583:
577:
574:
562:
558:
552:
550:
548:
544:
540:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
522:
510:
506:
505:
500:
494:
491:
475:
468:
462:
459:
447:
443:
437:
434:
428:
426:
424:
421:
413:
411:
409:
405:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
377:
369:
364:
358:
354:
352:
351:this schedule
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
312:
308:
306:
301:
297:
289:
287:
285:
281:
277:
269:Post-Cold War
268:
266:
264:
259:
256:
251:
246:
242:
238:
236:
232:
231:U.S. currency
228:
224:
216:
214:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
165:Establishment
164:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
134:
120:
116:
111:
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
87:
58:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
746:
729:. Retrieved
715:. Retrieved
711:the original
696:. Retrieved
694:. 1998-04-29
692:"Mount Pony"
677:. Retrieved
666:
657:
646:. Retrieved
635:
626:
615:. Retrieved
601:
590:. Retrieved
576:
565:. Retrieved
538:
513:. Retrieved
502:
493:
481:. Retrieved
461:
450:. Retrieved
436:
420:Columbus Day
417:
379:
373:
336:
320:nitrate film
317:
293:
272:
260:
255:freeze-dried
247:
243:
239:
220:
205:
203:
195:Capitol Hill
191:
168:
146:
142:
140:
99:Culpeper, VA
483:2 September
397:Netherlands
380:Mostly Lost
343:silent film
330:(1 million
105:Established
81: /
776:Categories
731:2007-03-29
717:2007-03-29
698:2007-01-01
679:2019-09-30
648:2017-12-29
617:2014-12-15
592:2011-02-17
567:2011-02-17
515:2017-12-29
452:2010-06-09
429:References
210:SmithGroup
69:77°58′23″W
66:38°26′35″N
334:) level.
177:from the
149:, is the
673:Archived
642:Archived
611:Archived
586:Archived
561:Archived
509:Archived
474:Archived
446:Archived
347:Art Deco
332:gigabyte
328:petabyte
223:Cold War
187:Congress
159:Virginia
155:Culpeper
131:/packard
94:Location
395:of the
263:Fedwire
118:Website
753:
399:, the
391:, the
387:, the
365:Events
197:, the
477:(PDF)
470:(PDF)
339:organ
221:With
751:ISBN
485:2010
141:The
127:.gov
125:.loc
108:2007
300:sod
123:www
778::
671:.
665:.
640:.
634:.
609:.
584:.
559:.
546:^
524:^
507:.
501:.
444:.
353:.
161:.
157:,
734:.
720:.
701:.
682:.
651:.
620:.
595:.
570:.
518:.
487:.
455:.
133:/
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
