330:(TCU), or manually from either the shift knob or shift paddles mounted behind the steering wheel. AMTs combine the fuel efficiency of manual transmissions with the shifting ease of automatic transmissions. Their biggest disadvantage is poor shifting comfort due to the mechanical clutch being disengaged by the TCU, which is easily noticeable as "jolting". Some transmission makers have tried solving this issue by using oversized synchronizer rings and not fully opening the clutch during shifting—which works in theory, but as of 2007, there have not been any series production cars with such functions. In passenger cars, modern AMTs generally have six speeds (though some have seven) and a rather long gearing. In combination with a smart-shifting program, this can significantly reduce fuel consumption. In general, there are two types of AMTs: integrated AMTs and add-on AMTs. Integrated AMTs were designed to be dedicated AMTs, whereas add-on AMTs are conversions of standard manual transmissions into AMTs.
613:. Shifting was done manually by the driver. The automatic mechanical clutch allowed the car to accelerate from a stop, whereas the torque converter enabled it to do so in any gear. Dampening engine vibrations and providing torque multiplication, it functioned as a sort of "reduction gearbox", so the actual mechanical gearbox only needed three forward gears (this is why conventional automatic transmissions with torque converters normally have fewer gears than manual transmissions). The WSK had no "first" gear; instead, the first gear was converted into reverse gear, and the second gear was labeled first (with the third and fourth gears respectively being labeled second and third).
425:
315:
497:
normal driving, the driver would press the clutch, select the High range, and then release the clutch. Once the accelerator was pressed, the fluid coupling would engage and the car would begin moving forward, with the underdrive unit engaged to provide a lower gear ratio. At between 15–20 mph (24–32 km/h), the driver would lift off the accelerator and the underdrive unit would disengage. The
Vacamatic was replaced by a similar
5115:
5105:
658:
300:, which in turn operated the vacuum clutch actuator, thus disengaging the clutch and allowing shifting between gears. With the driver's hand removed from the gearshift, the clutch would re-engage automatically. The transmission was also equipped with a torque converter, allowing the car to idle in gear like with an automatic, as well as stop and start from a standstill in any gear.
543:, was a vacuum-powered automatic clutch system that was actuated by a switch that was triggered whenever the gear stick was moved. The system could control the throttle cable (to keep the engine at the required RPM for the gear change) and vary the rate of clutch engagement. The successive Newtondrive system, available on the 1957–1958 Ford Anglia, also had a provision for
326:(AMT), which is mechanically similar to, and has its roots in, earlier clutchless manual transmission systems. An AMT functions in the same way as older semi-automatic and clutchless manual transmissions, but with two exceptions; it is able to both operate the clutch and shift automatically, and does not use a torque converter. Shifting is done either automatically from a
371:). While these systems seem superficially similar, a manumatic uses a torque converter like an automatic transmission, instead of the clutch used in the automated manual transmission. An automated manual can give the driver full control of the gear selection, whereas a manumatic will deny a gear change request that would result in the engine stalling (from too few
1111:
Some dirt bikes use this system, which is sometimes referred to as an auto-clutch transmission. These include the Honda CRF110F and Yamaha TT-R110E. The conventional motorcycle foot shifter is retained, but the manual hand-clutch lever is no longer required. Semi-automatic transmissions in dirt bikes
104:
The first usage of semi-automatic transmissions was in automobiles, increasing in popularity in the mid-1930s when they were offered by several
American car manufacturers. Less common than traditional hydraulic automatic transmissions, semi-automatic transmissions have nonetheless been made available
496:
transmission was a two-speed manual transmission with an integral underdrive unit, a traditional manual clutch, and a fluid coupling between the engine and the clutch. The two-speed transmission had "high" and "low" ranges, and the clutch was used when the driver wanted to switch between ranges. For
169:
Most semi-automatic transmissions in older passenger cars retain the normal H-pattern shifter of a manual transmission; similarly, semi-automatic transmissions on older motorcycles retain the conventional foot-shift lever, as on a motorcycle with a fully manual transmission. However, semi-automatics
333:
An automated manual transmission may include a fully automatic mode where the driver does not need to change gears at all. These transmissions can be described as a standard manual transmission with an automated clutch and automated gear shift control, allowing them to operate in the same manner as
1169:
Following concerns about the potential for
Formula One cars to shift gears automatically without any driver input, mandatory software was introduced in 1994 that ensured that gear changes only occurred when instructed by the driver. Pre-programmed, computer-controlled, fully-automatic upshifts and
577:
with standard three-speed manual transmissions. This automatic clutch used engine oil pressure as a hydraulic source and was available for less than $ 60. Compared to fully automatic transmissions of the time, the E-Stick offered the fuel economy of a stick-shift, with vacuum and electric switches
402:
with a properly adjusted centrifugal clutch. As the engine speed rises, counterweights within the clutch assembly gradually pivot further outwards until they start to make contact with the inside of the outer housing and transmit an increasing amount of engine power and torque. The effective "bite
144:
by removing the need to depress a clutch pedal or lever at the same time as changing gears. Most cars that have a semi-automatic transmission are not fitted with a standard clutch pedal since the clutch is remotely controlled. Similarly, most motorcycles with a semi-automatic transmission are not
466:
Self-Shifter, which automatically shifted between two forward gears in the "forward" mode (or between two shorter gear ratios in the "emergency low" mode). Standing starts required the driver to use the clutch pedal. The Self-Shifter first appeared in May 1933 and was offered as standard on the
632:
automatic transmission without the vacuum modulator, requiring the driver to manually shift gears between "Low" and "High". The quadrant indicator on Torque-Drive cars was "Park-R-N-Hi-1st". The driver would start the car in "1st," then move the lever to "Hi" when desired. The Torque-Drive was
157:
Most semi-automatic transmissions are based on conventional manual transmission. They can be partially automated transmission. Once the clutch becomes automated, the transmission becomes semi-automatic. However, these systems still require manual gear selection by the driver. This type of
296:, a conventional three-speed manual transmission was connected to a vacuum-operated automatic clutch system. The top of the gear stick was designed to depress and activate an electric switch, i.e. when touched by the driver's hand. When pressed, the switch operated a 12-volt
478:
and
Oldsmobile Eight models. It used a planetary gearset with a clutch pedal for starting from a standstill and switching between the "low" and "high" ranges. The Automatic Safety Transmission was replaced by the fully-automatic Hydra-Matic for the 1940 model year.
1140:
for clutch control and shifting, and was shifted via two paddles mounted behind the steering wheel. Another paddle on the steering wheel controlled the clutch, which was only needed when starting from a standstill. The car won its debut race at the
1239:
P1011 sequential transmission, which uses a semi-automatic paddle shift system supplied by Mega-Line called AGS (Assisted
Gearshift System). AGS uses a pneumatic gearshift and clutch actuator controlled by an internal transmission control unit.
633:
discontinued at the end of 1971 and replaced by a traditional hydraulic automatic transmission. Other examples of semi-automatic transmissions based on hydraulic automatics were the Ford 3-speed Semi-Automatic
Transmission used in the 1970–1971
209:(most commonly and formerly used in early automatic transmissions) have also been used by various manufacturers, usually alongside some form of mechanical friction clutch, to prevent the vehicle from stalling when coming to a standstill or at
1847:
1161:
soon after, which made it possible for the car to automatically rev-match during downshifts. By 1993, most teams were using semi-automatic transmissions. The last F1 car fitted with a conventional manual gearbox, the
46:), but the driver's input is still required to launch the vehicle from a standstill and to manually change gears. Semi-automatic transmissions were almost exclusively used in motorcycles and are based on conventional
628:, is one of a few examples where a semi-automatic transmission was based on a conventional hydraulic automatic transmission (rather than a standard manual transmission). The Torque-Drive was essentially a 2-speed
1251:
currently use 6-speed sequential gearboxes with electro-hydraulic operation via shift paddles. Manual control of the multi-plate clutch systems via a lever behind the steering wheel is used to launch the cars.
1078:
AE sports-touring. This system can be shifted either with the lever in the traditional position near the left foot or with a switch accessible to the left hand where the clutch lever would go on traditional
403:
point" or "biting point" is found automatically by equilibrium, where the power is transmitted through the (still-slipping) clutch is equal to what the engine can provide. This allows relatively fast full-
455:) in 1940, several American manufacturers offered various devices to reduce the amount of clutch or shifting input required. These devices were intended to reduce the difficulty of operating the
407:
takeoffs (with the clutch adjusted so the engine is at peak torque) without the engine slowing or being bogged down, as well as more relaxed starts and low-speed maneuvers at lower throttle and
3897:
562:
with a hydraulically-operated speed controller and idle speed step-up device to select gears and operate the otherwise conventional clutch. This allowed clutchless shifting with a single
375:) or over-revving. The automatic mode of an automated manual transmission at low or frequent stop start speeds is less smooth than that of manumatics and other automatic transmissions.
4041:
105:
on various car and motorcycle models and have remained in production throughout the 21st century. Semi-automatic transmissions with paddle shift operation have been used in various
4426:
1372:, Yamaha Big Bear 250, 350, and 400, Yamaha Grizzly 80, Yamaha Grizzly 700, Yamaha Raptor 80, Yamaha YFB250 Timberwolf, the Yamaha Moto-4 ATV range, and the Yamaha Tri-Moto range.
436:
developed a method of shifting gears that did not require the use of a clutch and was activated by a ring mounted within the steering wheel. One car using this system was the 1912
4320:
527:, was an early clutchless manual transmission that used a traditional friction clutch with automatic vacuum operation, which was controlled by the position of the accelerator.
1157:), which allowed for a more compact design that required only one actuator to rotate the drum and change gears. A further development was made possible by the introduction of
486:
was available with another Self-Shifter 4-speed semi-automatic transmission, which used a manual clutch for starting from standstill and an automated clutch for gear changes.
1939:
1487:
582:
models, along with an overdrive unit. The system was only available with 6-cylinder engines, and the lack of a clutch proved unpopular, so it was discontinued after 1964.
2017:
3562:
1048:
3835:
990:
An early example of a semi-automatic motorcycle transmission was the use of an automatic centrifugal clutch in the early 1960s by the
Czechoslovakian manufacturer
3598:
5139:
3576:
4042:"Motor Racing: McLaren face charges over automatic gearbox: Benetton choose a temporary replacement for Schumacher as they prepare to explain Hockenheim fire"
3673:"Kawasaki and Suzuki Introduce Entry Level Four-Stroke Dirt Bikes « MotorcycleDaily.com – Motorcycle News, Editorials, Product Reviews and Bike Reviews"
3162:
2909:
1266:
with the new rule change. This new system replaced the older lever-shifted sequential transmission, which had been used for the previous 12 seasons (since
1182:. Buttons on the steering wheel to shift directly to a particular gear (instead of having to shift sequentially using the paddles) are permitted. The 2005
224:
to detect the direction of the requested shift when the gear stick is used. These sensors' output, combined with the output from a sensor connected to the
1869:
244:, or another type of electronic control system. This control system then determines the optimal timing and torque required for smooth clutch engagement.
2778:
247:
The electronic control unit powers an actuator, which engages and disengages the clutch in a smooth manner. In some cases, the clutch is actuated by a
3901:
2819:
566:-mounted selector, while the driver simultaneously lifted off the accelerator to change gear. This system was nicknamed "Citro-Matic" in the U.S.
267:, disengages the clutch. In other cases, the internal clutch actuator may be completely electric, where the main clutch actuator is powered by an
101:, in which the driver selects the next gear ratio and operates the pedal, but the gear change within the transmission is performed automatically.
1825:
1659:
3700:
2534:
1480:
1145:, but for much of the season suffered from reliability problems. Other teams began switching to similar semi-automatic transmissions; the 1991
1379:. Shifting is accomplished by pressing one of the two gear selector arrows on the left handlebar, which activates an electric shifting system.
1016:
two-speed transmission fitted with a torque converter (which shares its name with several fully-automatic transmissions), as used in its 1976
424:
4172:
3756:
3214:
2972:
2645:
2034:
4498:
4093:
3967:
4718:
3263:
2936:
1375:
The Honda
Electric Shift Program is used in ATVs such as the 1998 Honda TRX450FE (also called the Foreman 450ES ESP) and first-generation
4434:
1199:
1195:
1179:
1171:
625:
3530:
3241:
170:
systems in newer motorcycles, racing cars, and other types of vehicles often use gear selection methods such as shift paddles near the
4834:
1456:
1330:, an epicyclic transmission built in the United Kingdom from the 1960s to the 1980s. Using a similar design to the company's previous
387:. Semi-automatic motorcycle transmissions generally omit the clutch lever, but retain the conventional heel-and-toe foot shift lever.
4324:
3793:
3516:
3428:
2085:
1959:
694:
Torque converter added to a 3-speed manual transmission so it could be driven solely in top gear (to avoid using the manual clutch).
5154:
5149:
5144:
1473:
1267:
1263:
4473:
4227:
609:, was one of the first gearboxes of its kind, with an automatic mechanical clutch and a torque converter. It was also known as the
2345:
1323:
engagement, allowing it to provide seamless power delivery during upshifts. This transmission was also used in some road vehicles.
4844:
3612:
2879:
2696:
2486:
1393:
4202:
4011:
2460:
1588:
1108:
use a trigger-shift system, with a handlebar-mounted trigger, paddle, switch, or button, and an automatically operated clutch.
4791:
4347:"MEGA-Line RACING ELECTRONIC | Paddle Shift | AGS | E-Schaltwalze | Pitstop Equipment – GCU / Compressor"
3879:
3658:
3312:
2060:
1409:
1206:
1150:
384:
85:
transmissions. These systems facilitate gear shifts for the driver by operating the clutch system automatically, usually via
51:
2399:
2328:
1839:
4869:
2752:
2516:
1461:
437:
323:
309:
4566:
4145:
4067:
3839:
3730:
1693:
4448:
4361:"MEGA-Line RACING ELECTRONIC | Paddle Shift | AGS | E-Schaltwalze | Pitstop Equipment – Credentials"
1414:
1311:
The
Sinclair S.S.S. Powerflow, used from the 1950s to the early 1960s in Huwood-Hudswell diesel mining locomotives, the
1255:
456:
221:
2602:
2196:
54:, but use an automatic clutch system. But some semi-automatic transmissions have also been based on standard hydraulic
3584:
1158:
570:
390:
Semi-automatic motorcycle transmissions are based on conventional sequential manual transmissions and typically use a
339:
3456:
979:. The gear stick has a shift pattern similar to a fully manual car, unlike AMTs with only sequential gear selection.
3923:
3340:
3190:
2115:
4781:
1248:
1244:
1083:
1044:
5080:
4969:
4909:
4874:
4530:
2435:
1142:
745:
621:
327:
229:
1262:
DTT-200 6-speed sequential transmission with steering-wheel-mounted shift paddles, which was introduced for the
4859:
4711:
4645:
3326:
1501:
1451:
1316:
1194:
were the last
Formula 1 cars to use a 6-speed gearbox before the switch to a mandatory 7-speed gearbox for the
505:
35:
2161:
4603:
4278:
3011:
4829:
4801:
4673:
4589:
3062:
2385:
2179:
1811:
1312:
1175:
1154:
863:
606:
383:
Several semi-automatic transmissions used by motorcycles and racing cars are actually mechanically based on
233:
55:
3672:
3370:
1911:
1660:"2022 Yamaha TT-R110E Trail Motorcycle – Photo Gallery, Video, Specs, Features, Offers, Inventory and more"
394:. At idle speed, the engine is disconnected from the gearbox input shaft, allowing both it and the bike to
342:-mounted shift selector or paddle shifters. It has a lower cost than conventional automatic transmissions.
4819:
4809:
3701:"2022 Yamaha TT-R50E Trail Motorcycle – Photo Gallery, Video, Specs, Features, Offers, Inventory and more"
2985:
1441:
1428:
1209:
408:
198:
2574:
433:
4374:
4346:
4252:
3626:
3442:
3401:
1640:
1614:
1537:
1301:
1297:
1213:
955:
821:
686:
509:
463:
2436:"The Oldsmobile automatic safety transmission operated by the short lever shown on the steering column"
551:
automatic clutch system, which was introduced in the mid-1950s and available on various European cars.
334:
traditional automatic transmissions. The TCU automatically shifts gears if, for example, the engine is
3807:
2371:
2302:
1897:
4914:
4849:
3498:
3176:
1667:
1068:
760:
634:
516:
with automated shifting between the 2nd and 3rd gears, instead of the Vacamatic's "underdrive" unit.
175:
146:
4631:
3708:
2846:
314:
4939:
4919:
4704:
3484:
3113:
2274:
1419:
1400:
1353:
1331:
1327:
1289:
1228:
999:
559:
536:
513:
338:. The AMT can be switched to a clutchless manual mode wherein one can upshift or downshift using a
237:
98:
47:
5104:
4180:
5085:
4990:
4562:
3821:
3752:
3544:
1689:
391:
276:
256:
217:
202:
186:
182:
125:
116:
in 1989. These systems are currently used on a variety of top-tier racing car classes; including
2726:
2225:
914:
181:
Several different forms of automation for clutch actuation have been used over the years, from
4879:
4766:
4748:
4617:
4292:
3136:
2968:
1944:
1293:
859:
602:
598:
63:
4548:
3470:
3037:
1125:
are typically operated by shift paddles connected to a designated transmission control unit.
4954:
4761:
4306:
3249:
3088:
2854:
1369:
796:
749:
709:
657:
646:
574:
190:
59:
4974:
4904:
4687:
4360:
3686:
3414:
2093:
1744:
1339:
1335:
1052:
995:
937:
900:
579:
563:
520:
260:
252:
113:
1231:, also replacing the previous lever-shifted sequential transmission, introduced with the
109:, and were first introduced to control the electro-hydraulic gear shift mechanism of the
1730:
1717:"Geartronics – Sequential gearbox electronic systems – Professional paddle shift system"
5075:
4889:
4884:
4775:
4771:
2704:
1224:
1212:
switched from a lever-shift sequential system to a 7-speed paddle-shift system for the
1075:
1064:
1040:
911:
741:
578:
controlling the clutch. The E-Stick three-speed transmission was offered on the larger
475:
449:
297:
268:
241:
206:
171:
129:
94:
2494:
2140:
1562:
448:
Prior to the arrival of the first mass-produced hydraulic automatic transmission (the
322:
Starting in the late 1990s, automotive manufacturers introduced what is now called an
5133:
5118:
5057:
5042:
5022:
4949:
4786:
4756:
3298:
1365:
1361:
1343:
1305:
1236:
1191:
1146:
968:
882:
878:
720:
555:
483:
210:
4119:
4019:
3779:
1826:"Yamaha introduces new YXZ1000R SS with paddle shifting | Powersports Business"
1758:
5027:
4964:
4934:
4929:
1376:
1357:
1183:
1074:
Yamaha used an automatic clutch system called YCCS on motorcycles such as the 2006
1029:
1021:
1017:
498:
459:, or "crash gearboxes", that were commonly used, especially in stop-start driving.
3953:
3163:"Shift This: A History of Porsche's Sportomatic, Tiptronic, and PDK Transmissions"
97:, while still requiring the driver to manually shift gears. This contrasts with a
5108:
5032:
5005:
5000:
4864:
4854:
4814:
1187:
1133:
1129:
1101:, and Yamaha Townmate used 3-speed transmissions with a heel-and-toe gear shift.
1098:
1094:
1025:
972:
944:
767:
544:
540:
524:
194:
117:
110:
106:
3280:
2260:
1716:
5090:
5052:
4894:
4727:
4571:
3761:
3738:
2670:
2413:
1973:
1698:
1517:
1320:
1217:
1163:
1122:
1105:
1013:
850:
839:
785:
734:
638:
629:
617:
586:
471:
452:
399:
367:
289:
248:
141:
39:
3993:
3861:
3563:"2021 Kawasaki KLX®110R | Off-Road Motorcycle | Reliable & Fun"
2242:
5047:
5037:
4959:
4924:
4404:
4094:"FIA makes massive changes to F1; several technological enhancements banned"
3644:
2200:
1995:
1507:
1446:
1319:. The Powerflow design is of the layshaft type with constant-mesh gears and
1090:
1056:
991:
976:
853:
803:
726:
Automatic vacuum-powered clutch, plus a fluid coupling for standing starts.
610:
493:
428:
Bollée Type F Torpedo with gear shift ring located inside the steering wheel
395:
350:
284:
17:
4659:
3577:"Suzuki Cycles - Product Lines - Cycles - Products - DR-Z50 - 2021 - DRZ50"
2548:
4512:
3931:
1002:
and Honda agreeing to pay royalties for each motorcycle using the design.
4839:
4590:"1996 YFM350 Big Bear – Communication Plaza | Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd"
1848:
University of Central Florida College of Engineering and Computer Science
1202:, Formula 1 cars currently use mandatory 8-speed paddle-shift gearboxes.
1137:
1036:
926:
689:
642:
490:
404:
272:
90:
3299:"RUF Automobile GMBH – Manufaktur für Hochleistungsautomobile – History"
3244:[VW Automatic – the Beetle with a semi-automatic transmission].
2820:"Rare Rides: An Incredibly Rare 1965 Lancia Flaminia Super Sport Zagato"
858:
Automatic electro-pneumatic clutch plus a torque converter. Used in the
3599:"2017 Suzuki DR-Z70 Base | Wayne Cycle Shop | Waynesboro, VA"
2620:
1512:
1347:
1334:, the Pneumocyclic transmission was used in several buses, such as the
1259:
1232:
1112:
may be referred to as "automatic" despite a lack of automatic shifting.
922:
893:
814:
702:
548:
335:
225:
121:
3215:"Once "Cheap and Ugly," the Subaru 360 is having an unexpected moment"
5010:
4824:
2779:"Automotive History: Lincoln's Liquamatic Drive – Failure to Upshift"
1745:"Control components for race series reduce cost, improve competition"
1060:
832:
820:
Automatic vacuum-powered clutch plus a torque converter. Used in the
802:
Automatic vacuum-powered clutch plus a torque converter. Used in the
86:
43:
1960:"How Stuff Works: Saab Sensonic (Clutchless Technology in Practice)"
1940:"Auto Biography the Saab 900 Turbo Sensonic in 0–60 Seconds by John"
1227:
introduced their 6-speed semi-automatic paddle-shift system for the
3794:"ShiftFX: A New Take on the Semi-Automatic Motorcycle Transmission"
2858:
2162:"How to Shift a 4 Speed Semi Automatic Transmission on a Dirt Bike"
4995:
4899:
4646:"1996 YFB250 TIMBERWOLF – Communication Plaza | Yamaha Motor"
3012:"Renault Dauphine buyer's guide: what to pay and what to look for"
2965:
Fahrzeuggetriebe – Grundlagen, Auswahl, Auslegung und Konstruktion
2952:
The "E" stick transmission offered by AMC in '64 has been dropped.
1279:
1009:
778:
656:
423:
313:
264:
573:
introduced the E-Stick, which eliminated the clutch pedal in the
69:
Names for specific types of semi-automatic transmissions include
5017:
4228:"Traction control returns; but it's not quite as simple as that"
3485:"Nostalgia 49-49cc-Motorcycle-Products-Amstar Motor Corporation"
1784:"Motorsport, Motorcycle race & kit car quickshifter systems"
1783:
1005:
Other semi-automatic transmissions used in motorcycles include:
462:
An early step towards automated transmissions was the 1933–1935
4700:
4674:"1979 YT125 TRI-MOTO – Communication Plaza | Yamaha Motor"
3341:"Hyundai Venue Offers Manual Transmission With No Clutch Pedal"
2880:"New Rambler "E-Stick" rated big '62 auto news (advertisement)"
216:
A typical semi-automatic transmission design may work by using
4738:
4375:"Vehicle Diagram Book No. 120 for shunting diesel locomotives"
959:
372:
4696:
3545:"Kawasaki KLX110 | Capable Off-Road Dirtbike Motorcycle"
1284:
Other notable uses for semi-automatic transmissions include:
353:" automatic transmission (marketed under trade names such as
128:. Other applications include motorcycles, trucks, buses, and
2967:, 2nd edition, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York 2007,
2226:"What is a Semi-Automatic Dirt Bike and How does it work?"
4068:"Traction Control to Stay in F1 in 2004 – F1 – Autosport"
3242:"VW Automatic – der Käfer mit halbautomatischem Getriebe"
1216:. This transmission was introduced with the new-for-2007
275:, or even pneumatic, where the main clutch actuator is a
228:
which measures its current speed and gear, is fed into a
3471:"Honda Global | the Hondamatic Transmission / 1968"
2603:"Hydra-Matic History: GM's First Automatic Transmission"
2535:"Shifting Times: The rise of the automatic transmission"
2061:"Among bells and whistles, cars shift to buttons, knobs"
1346:. It was also fitted to several thousand British diesel
3836:"2020 Yamaha TT-R110E Trail Motorcycle – Specs, Prices"
3762:"Can-Am Spyder with Semi-Auto Transmission Walkthrough"
3327:"SAAB DEVELOPS STICK WITH NO CLUTCH – Orlando Sentinel"
1654:
1652:
1650:
994:. Their design was used without permission in the 1965
962:
398:, unlike with torque converter automatics, there is no
345:
The automated manual transmission (trade names include
3264:"The Archive – 1991 Ferrari Mondial t – with Valeo..."
2753:"Automatic Failure: Ford's 1942 Liquamatic Experiment"
2116:"Review: M5's SMG "sucks all the joy" from experience"
2018:"Automatic or standard (Volkswagen Beetle) – CarGurus"
1132:
car to use a semi-automatic transmission was the 1989
877:
Automatic clutch plus a torque converter. Used in the
784:
Automatic clutch plus a torque converter. Used in the
4572:"1999 Yamaha Big Bear 350 4x4 – Testing Classic ATVs"
4203:"Teams come to grips with return of traction control"
3645:"Suzuki DR-Z 70: Review, history, specs – CycleChaos"
3371:"Válka mechaniků: Japonci okopírovali český vynález!"
1641:"1992 Ferrari Mondial T Cabriolet Valeo Transmission"
2963:
Harald Naunheimer, Bernd Bertsche, Gisbert Lechner:
2220:
2218:
645:
Diamatic 2-speed transmission used in the 1985–1991
474:
Automatic Safety Transmission was introduced on the
5068:
4983:
4800:
4747:
1039:, including the Amstar Nostalgia 49, Honda CRF50F,
2156:
2154:
1806:
1804:
1153:drum-rotation mechanism (similar to those used in
519:The Packard Electro-Matic, introduced in the 1941
288:, was a semi-automatic transmission introduced by
2806:Practical Automobile Engineering – Clutch Systems
2646:"Chrysler transmissions-Vacamatic semi-automatic"
1086:'s SE5 and SE6 5-speed and 6-speed transmissions.
899:Automatic electro-mechanical clutch. Used in the
467:Royale and as an option on the Flying Cloud S-4.
4499:"Honda ATV Model History Timeline, 1970–Present"
2297:
2295:
1812:"Flatshifter Max (Electronic Gear Selector Kit)"
1538:"AutoZine Technical School, Manual Transmission"
1360:, Honda TRX90X and TRX250X (Honda SportClutch),
967:Automatic electro-hydraulic clutch. Used in the
943:Automatic electro-hydraulic clutch. Used in the
921:Automatic electro-hydraulic clutch. Used in the
915:
885:. Originally called Convertisseur in GS models.
766:Automatic electro-hydraulic clutch. Used in the
3457:"Honda patent semi-automatic system for CB1100"
2191:
2189:
2180:"Top Automatic Motorcycles You Can Buy in 2019"
1998:. Rob and Dave's Aircooled Volkswagen Web Pages
1296:semi-automatic transmissions. For example, the
1170:downshifts were re-introduced and allowed from
145:fitted with a conventional clutch lever on the
3780:"Electronic Shift Transmission | ShiftFX"
3396:"Cycle magazine". Ziff Davis. May 1976: 67–73.
3063:"Theme: Simca – 1965 1000 GLS Short Road Test"
3038:"Mercedes-Benz Ponton Hydrak Automatic Clutch"
2340:
2338:
2029:
2027:
838:Automatic electromagnetic clutch. Used in the
708:Automatic electromagnetic clutch. Used in the
27:Type of multi-speed motor vehicle transmission
4712:
4405:"Durham Mining Museum – Colliery Engineering"
4146:"Less electronics will make life interesting"
3191:"Subaru 360 Sedan Auto-Clutch Service Manual"
2845:Kirk, W.R.; Puidokas, S.V. (1 January 1962).
2346:"6 of the worst automatic transmissions ever"
1481:
1288:During the 1940s to 1960s, many small diesel
1235:chassis for 2008. IndyCars currently use the
512:Liquimatic. Both of these combined a 3-speed
8:
4173:"Montmelo Memories: 2001 Spanish Grand Prix"
504:Similar designs were used for the 1941–1950
4660:"Yamaha Moto 4 – Complete Review and Specs"
4549:"Yamaha Big Bear Specs, Top Speed, HP, Etc"
1364:(also known as the Suzuki QuadRunner 125),
641:2-speed and 3-speed transmissions, and the
4719:
4705:
4697:
3443:"Honda patent for a semi-automatic CB1100"
3177:"Porsche 911 RS Book Volume 2 now on sale"
2400:"How Does an Automatic Transmission Work?"
2372:"Making Automatic Sense – Feature Stories"
2329:"How Does an Automatic Transmission Work?"
2237:
2235:
1488:
1474:
1389:
740:Automatic centrifugal clutch. Used in the
668:
547:control. A similar product was the German
4427:"Vulcan-Sinclair Fluidrive Makes Headway"
4403:Durham Mining Museum (17 December 2012).
3731:"FJR1300AE – YCC-S Electric Shift System"
998:, which resulted in Jawa suing Honda for
292:for the 1968 model year. Marketed as the
3281:"Ferrari Mondial T (1989) - Ferrari.com"
2517:"The Evolution of the Auto Transmission"
2461:"No clutch to press! No gears to shift!"
1615:"1993 Ferrari Mondial T Cabriolet Valeo"
539:manumatic system, available on the 1953
4321:"NTT INDYCAR SERIES Car Specifications"
4120:"Knutson: F1 shifting gears, literally"
3114:"Simca 1000 GLA Automatique 1966 lever"
2937:"Behind the scenes at new car showings"
1976:. VW Automatic Register. 8 October 2009
1589:"The next shift: The clutchless manual"
1528:
1427:
1399:
1392:
4293:"Xtrac – P1011 INDYCAR SERIES GEARBOX"
3968:"Sequential Sorrow – 1989 Ferrari 640"
3410:
3399:
1174:, and were permitted from that year's
665:clutchless manual transmission system.
637:, early versions of Honda's 1972–1988
501:transmission for the 1946 model year.
282:A clutchless manual system, named the
3808:"2022 CRF110F Specifications – Honda"
3364:
3362:
2035:"Automated Manual Transmission (AMT)"
620:transmission, introduced on the 1968
595:Torque converter shift/clutch gearbox
7:
5140:Automotive transmission technologies
4433:: 69. 16 August 1946. Archived from
4307:"Xtrac – ASSISTED GEARCHANGE SYSTEM"
3898:"10 Best Automatic Dirt Bike Models"
3499:"2022 CRF50F SPECIFICATIONS – Honda"
3313:"Saab Shelves Sensonic Transmission"
2853:. Vol. 1. SAE Technical Paper.
2197:"10 Best Automatic Dirt Bike Models"
2141:"How to Shift Gears on a Motorcycle"
1563:"How to Shift Gears on a Motorcycle"
508:Drive-Master and the ill-fated 1942
251:coupled to a gear arrangement for a
4474:"Transmissions: a period of change"
3531:"2012 Kawasaki KLX 110 @ Top Speed"
3517:"2006 Kawasaki KLX 110 @ Top Speed"
3369:Kožušník, Marek (20 January 2015).
2703:. 16 September 2007. Archived from
2303:"The history of the 'paddle shift'"
1898:"The history of the 'paddle shift'"
1699:"How to make any bike an AUTOMATIC"
457:unsynchronised manual transmissions
4835:Continuously variable transmission
4253:"Preview: Spanish Grand Prix 2001"
3862:"Mini Dirt Bikes, 50cc Dirt Bikes"
2847:"The Rambler E-Stick Transmission"
2727:"Step-Down: The 1948–1954 Hudsons"
1136:. It used hydraulic actuators and
140:Semi-automatics facilitate easier
25:
3429:"Hondamatic for the 21st century"
1912:"Hudson Drivemaster Service Info"
1840:"Formula Racecar Paddle Shifters"
5114:
5113:
5103:
3880:"Rekluse EXP Auto-Clutch Review"
3613:"2008 Suzuki DR-Z70 @ Top Speed"
1328:Self-Changing Gears Pneumocyclic
1121:Semi-automatic transmissions in
42:(typically the actuation of the
4279:"IRL confirms technical tweaks"
4171:Eustice, Charlie (8 May 2015).
3822:"2022 CRF110F Overview – Honda"
2621:"The M6 automatic transmission"
2086:"Automated Manual Transmission"
1759:"Electronic Shift Transmission"
385:sequential manual transmissions
379:Sequential manual transmissions
294:Volkswagen Automatic Stickshift
153:Clutchless manual transmissions
52:sequential manual transmissions
38:where part of its operation is
4604:"2004 Yamaha Big Bear 400 4x4"
2493:. 20 June 2007. Archived from
1093:motorcycles in the 1970s; the
591:Wandlerschaltkupplungsgetriebe
349:) is not to be confused with "
304:Automated manual transmissions
1:
4870:Automated manual transmission
3900:. 17 May 2021. Archived from
3240:Dingeldein, Wolfgang (2011).
3116:. Flickr.com. 4 December 2008
2910:"1964 X-Ray Rambler brochure"
2199:. 17 May 2021. Archived from
1974:"How Does An Autostick Work?"
558:, introduced in 1955, used a
324:automated manual transmission
310:Automated manual transmission
4449:"Leyland Make "Air" Gearbox"
4012:"Forti-Corse – full profile"
3659:"Suzuki DR-Z125 @ Top Speed"
3267:VW Vortex – Volkswagen Forum
2986:"1956–1968 Renault Dauphine"
1356:, such as the Honda ATC185,
279:that disengages the clutch.
4945:Semi-automatic transmission
3994:"Formula One transmissions"
3248:(in German). Archived from
2386:"What is an Automatic Car?"
1870:"2014_RT Spec Sheet EN.pdf"
1178:, but were banned again in
1159:electronic throttle control
32:semi-automatic transmission
5171:
4782:Internal combustion engine
4531:"2009 Yamaha Big Bear 250"
2851:SAE Technical Paper Series
2487:"How Oldsmobile Cars Work"
1277:
307:
5099:
5081:Hybrid vehicle drivetrain
4970:Transmission control unit
4910:Limited-slip differential
4875:Electrorheological clutch
4734:
3705:www.yamahamotorsports.com
3687:"SSR Motorsports SR110TR"
3093:uniquecarsandparts.com.au
1664:www.yamahamotorsports.com
569:For the 1962 model year,
328:transmission control unit
230:transmission control unit
158:transmission is called a
5155:Mechanical power control
5150:Motorcycle transmissions
5145:Automobile transmissions
4860:Dual-clutch transmission
4618:"2006 Yamaha Grizzly 80"
2935:Whitmyer, Marty (1964).
1502:Dual-clutch transmission
1394:Automotive transmissions
1362:Suzuki LT125D Quadrunner
1317:British Rail Class D2/12
1155:motorcycle transmissions
470:In 1937, the four-speed
318:Paddle shifter on a car.
4830:Constant-velocity joint
4632:"2004 Yamaha Raptor 80"
3016:classicandsportscar.com
2757:macsmotorcitygarage.com
2575:"1938-Buick-Folder.pdf"
1313:British Rail Class D2/7
1280:Truck § Drivetrain
1274:Usage in other vehicles
1249:Formula 3 Championships
1149:was the first to use a
1051:KLX-110, KLX-110R, and
864:Volkswagen Karmann Ghia
661:Illustration of Saab's
415:Usage in passenger cars
234:electronic control unit
56:automatic transmissions
4810:Automatic transmission
3409:Cite journal requires
3246:Käfertreter Siegerland
2941:Commercial Car Journal
2890:(1): 223. January 1962
1104:Some high-performance
1084:Can-Am Spyder Roadster
746:Citroën Traction Avant
666:
618:Chevrolet Torque-Drive
429:
319:
4517:powersports.honda.com
3627:"2018 Suzuki DR-Z 70"
3503:powersports.honda.com
3141:Rootes-Chrysler.co.uk
2824:thetruthaboutcars.com
2261:"How Chain Saws Work"
1457:Continuously variable
1332:preselector gearboxes
1302:British Rail Class 04
1298:British Rail Class 03
660:
427:
317:
174:or triggers near the
4915:Locking differential
4850:Direct-shift gearbox
4688:"Yamaha YT125 Specs"
4437:on 6 September 2017.
4431:The Commercial Motor
3934:on 27 September 2013
3842:on 24 September 2021
3615:. 11 September 2007.
2671:"How Chrysler Works"
2650:gottransmissions.com
2497:on 20 September 2020
2374:. 29 September 2010.
2279:Cambridge Dictionary
2096:on 26 September 2020
1919:hudsonterraplane.com
1670:on 29 September 2020
1354:All-terrain vehicles
1308:CA5 R7 transmission.
1290:shunting locomotives
1143:Brazilian Grand Prix
1138:electrical solenoids
1117:Usage in motorsports
1063:DR-Z50, DR-Z70, and
986:Usage in motorcycles
203:centrifugal clutches
136:Design and operation
48:manual transmissions
34:is a multiple-speed
4940:Preselector gearbox
4920:Manual transmission
4501:. 22 November 2004.
4478:commercialmotor.com
4453:commercialmotor.com
4382:barrowmoremrg.co.uk
4000:. 22 February 2002.
3998:www.f1technical.net
3711:on 27 November 2020
3661:. 16 February 2007.
3587:on 16 January 2021.
3533:. 15 December 2011.
3315:. 13 December 2005.
3165:. 10 December 2013.
2914:oldcarbrochures.org
2808:. pp. 193–194.
2783:curbsideclassic.com
2521:quality-coaches.com
2414:"How Reo Cars Work"
1731:"Semi-Auto Systems"
1569:. 21 September 2020
1067:, SSR SR110TR, and
1000:patent infringement
537:Automotive Products
514:manual transmission
238:engine control unit
218:Hall effect sensors
99:preselector gearbox
5086:Electric generator
4991:Wheel hub assembly
4634:. 24 October 2022.
4620:. 24 October 2022.
4606:. 24 October 2022.
4183:on 25 October 2021
4126:. 22 February 2004
4048:. 6 September 1994
4022:on 10 October 2007
3904:on 25 October 2021
3519:. 7 February 2006.
2733:. 6 September 2009
2731:ateupwithmotor.com
2697:"1941–1947 Hudson"
2607:ateupwithmotor.com
2309:. 21 February 2011
2228:. 19 January 2020.
2203:on 25 October 2021
1962:. 28 January 2019.
1948:. 23 October 2011.
1595:. 13 December 2005
1536:Wan, Mark (2019).
1176:Spanish Grand Prix
667:
430:
392:centrifugal clutch
320:
277:pneumatic actuator
257:hydraulic cylinder
126:touring car racing
79:auto-clutch manual
64:planetary gearsets
5127:
5126:
4880:Epicyclic gearing
4749:Automotive engine
4551:. 9 January 2021.
4152:. 4 February 2004
4150:au.motorsport.com
4100:. 14 January 2003
3974:. 1 February 2017
3252:on 10 April 2013.
3137:"Simca 1000 cars"
3067:driventowrite.com
2990:howstuffworks.com
2973:978-3-540-30625-2
2884:Popular Mechanics
2759:. 7 February 2017
2707:on 20 August 2008
2701:howstuffworks.com
2675:howstuffworks.com
2553:howstuffworks.com
2549:"How Buick Works"
2537:. 6 January 2015.
2491:howstuffworks.com
2059:Woodyard, Chris.
1945:Independent.co.uk
1788:quickshifters.com
1498:
1497:
1350:during this time.
1258:currently uses a
1166:, raced in 1995.
1089:Those in several
1035:Those in various
983:
982:
901:Ferrari Mondial t
860:Volkswagen Beetle
191:electromechanical
160:clutchless manual
71:clutchless manual
60:torque converters
16:(Redirected from
5162:
5117:
5116:
5107:
4984:Wheels and tires
4955:Torque converter
4721:
4714:
4707:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4670:
4664:
4663:
4662:. 7 August 2020.
4656:
4650:
4649:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4535:Total Motorcycle
4527:
4521:
4520:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4379:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4323:. Archived from
4317:
4311:
4310:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4179:. Archived from
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4018:. Archived from
4008:
4002:
4001:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3930:. Archived from
3920:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3838:. Archived from
3832:
3826:
3825:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3737:. Archived from
3735:yamaha-motor.com
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3707:. Archived from
3697:
3691:
3690:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3583:. Archived from
3581:suzukicycles.com
3573:
3567:
3566:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3549:www.kawasaki.com
3541:
3535:
3534:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3366:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3221:. 6 January 2021
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3135:Thompson, Andy.
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2992:. 20 August 2007
2982:
2976:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2947:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2579:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2467:. 18 August 1997
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2402:. 13 April 2020.
2396:
2390:
2389:
2388:. 13 April 2020.
2382:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2331:. 13 April 2020.
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2120:leftlanenews.com
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2092:. Archived from
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2031:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1916:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1844:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1666:. Archived from
1656:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1533:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1462:Automated manual
1390:
1370:Suzuki Eiger 400
1210:Champ Car Series
1205:The now-defunct
964:
917:
799:automatic clutch
781:automatic clutch
710:Renault Dauphine
669:
647:Daihatsu Charade
575:Rambler American
560:hydraulic system
541:Ford Anglia 100E
440:Type F Torpedo.
164:automated manual
130:railway vehicles
89:that trigger an
21:
5170:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5095:
5064:
4979:
4975:Universal joint
4905:Hotchkiss drive
4796:
4743:
4730:
4725:
4695:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4570:
4567:Wayback Machine
4560:
4556:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4513:"Sport – Honda"
4511:
4510:
4506:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4482:
4480:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4457:
4455:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4387:
4385:
4384:. BRB Residuary
4377:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4330:
4328:
4327:on 25 July 2020
4319:
4318:
4314:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4259:. 24 April 2001
4251:
4250:
4246:
4236:
4234:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4211:
4209:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4186:
4184:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4155:
4153:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4129:
4127:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4103:
4101:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4077:
4075:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4051:
4049:
4046:The Independent
4040:
4039:
4035:
4025:
4023:
4010:
4009:
4005:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3977:
3975:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3924:"Ferrari F1-89"
3922:
3921:
3917:
3907:
3905:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3843:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3760:
3757:Wayback Machine
3750:
3746:
3741:on 6 June 2012.
3729:
3728:
3724:
3714:
3712:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3631:Ride Center USA
3625:
3624:
3620:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3408:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3380:
3378:
3368:
3367:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3285:www.ferrari.com
3279:
3278:
3274:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3179:. 28 June 2014.
3175:
3174:
3170:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3143:. VerticalScope
3134:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2962:
2958:
2945:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2804:Staton, Abbey.
2803:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2352:. 8 August 2019
2344:
2343:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1697:
1694:Wayback Machine
1687:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1658:
1657:
1648:
1643:. 20 July 2023.
1639:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1619:Bring a Trailer
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1494:
1415:Non-synchronous
1388:
1336:Leyland Leopard
1282:
1276:
1119:
988:
874:Citroën C-matic
761:VEB Sachsenring
655:
597:), used in the
580:Rambler Classic
571:American Motors
533:
521:Packard Clipper
499:M6 Presto-Matic
446:
422:
417:
381:
312:
306:
261:hydraulic fluid
255:, which, via a
253:linear actuator
207:Fluid couplings
199:electromagnetic
195:vacuum-operated
155:
138:
114:Formula One car
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5168:
5166:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5132:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5111:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5076:Electric motor
5072:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4890:Friction drive
4887:
4885:Fluid coupling
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4806:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4776:Plug-in hybrid
4769:
4764:
4759:
4753:
4751:
4745:
4744:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4701:
4694:
4693:
4679:
4665:
4651:
4637:
4623:
4609:
4595:
4581:
4554:
4540:
4522:
4504:
4490:
4465:
4440:
4418:
4395:
4366:
4352:
4338:
4312:
4298:
4284:
4270:
4244:
4219:
4207:motorsport.com
4194:
4163:
4137:
4111:
4085:
4059:
4033:
4003:
3985:
3972:drivetribe.com
3959:
3945:
3915:
3889:
3871:
3853:
3827:
3813:
3799:
3785:
3771:
3744:
3722:
3692:
3678:
3664:
3650:
3636:
3618:
3604:
3590:
3568:
3554:
3536:
3522:
3508:
3490:
3476:
3462:
3448:
3445:. 27 May 2020.
3434:
3420:
3411:|journal=
3388:
3358:
3347:. 10 July 2020
3332:
3329:. 12 May 1994.
3318:
3304:
3290:
3272:
3255:
3232:
3206:
3182:
3168:
3154:
3127:
3105:
3080:
3069:. 4 March 2017
3054:
3036:Miller, Jeff.
3028:
3003:
2977:
2956:
2927:
2901:
2871:
2859:10.4271/620106
2837:
2811:
2796:
2770:
2744:
2718:
2688:
2662:
2637:
2612:
2609:. 29 May 2010.
2594:
2566:
2540:
2526:
2508:
2478:
2452:
2427:
2416:. 15 June 2007
2405:
2391:
2377:
2363:
2334:
2320:
2291:
2275:"biting point"
2266:
2252:
2231:
2214:
2185:
2171:
2150:
2132:
2107:
2077:
2051:
2039:x-engineer.org
2023:
2009:
1987:
1965:
1951:
1931:
1903:
1889:
1877:can-am.brp.com
1861:
1831:
1828:. 8 June 2016.
1817:
1800:
1775:
1750:
1736:
1722:
1708:
1681:
1646:
1632:
1621:. October 2018
1606:
1580:
1554:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1433:Semi-automatic
1425:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1351:
1324:
1309:
1275:
1272:
1225:IndyCar Series
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1087:
1080:
1076:Yamaha FJR1300
1072:
1033:
987:
984:
981:
980:
965:
953:
949:
948:
941:
935:
931:
930:
919:
909:
905:
904:
897:
891:
887:
886:
875:
872:
868:
867:
856:
848:
844:
843:
836:
830:
826:
825:
818:
812:
808:
807:
800:
794:
790:
789:
782:
776:
772:
771:
764:
758:
754:
753:
738:
732:
728:
727:
724:
718:
714:
713:
706:
700:
696:
695:
692:
684:
680:
679:
676:
673:
654:
653:Other examples
651:
622:Chevrolet Nova
532:
529:
482:The 1938–1939
476:Oldsmobile Six
450:General Motors
445:
442:
421:
418:
416:
413:
380:
377:
308:Main article:
305:
302:
269:electric motor
265:braking system
242:microprocessor
222:micro switches
172:steering wheel
154:
151:
137:
134:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5167:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5120:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4950:Shift-by-wire
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4787:Petrol engine
4785:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4757:Diesel engine
4755:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4740:
4733:
4729:
4722:
4717:
4715:
4710:
4708:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4675:
4669:
4666:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4633:
4627:
4624:
4619:
4613:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4577:
4573:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4555:
4550:
4544:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4491:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4406:
4399:
4396:
4383:
4376:
4370:
4367:
4362:
4356:
4353:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4308:
4302:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4258:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4233:
4232:grandprix.com
4229:
4223:
4220:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4167:
4164:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4112:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4073:
4072:autosport.com
4069:
4063:
4060:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4021:
4017:
4016:f1rejects.com
4013:
4007:
4004:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3916:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3463:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3416:
3403:
3392:
3389:
3376:
3372:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3269:. 3 May 2011.
3268:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3233:
3220:
3219:Hagerty Media
3216:
3210:
3207:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3128:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3043:
3042:mbzponton.org
3039:
3032:
3029:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3004:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2975:, p. 170–173.
2974:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2928:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2838:
2826:. 14 May 2020
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2807:
2800:
2797:
2785:. 30 May 2019
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2677:. 1 June 2007
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2583:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2555:. 5 June 2007
2554:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2263:. 8 May 2000.
2262:
2256:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2166:It Still Runs
2163:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2010:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1878:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1850:
1849:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:Suzuki LT 230
1363:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:Wilson-Drewry
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1245:FIA Formula 2
1241:
1238:
1234:
1233:Dallara IR-05
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:Williams FW27
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:Williams FW14
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
985:
978:
974:
970:
969:Hyundai Venue
966:
961:
957:
954:
951:
950:
946:
942:
939:
936:
933:
932:
928:
924:
920:
918:
913:
910:
907:
906:
902:
898:
895:
892:
889:
888:
884:
880:
876:
873:
870:
869:
865:
861:
857:
855:
852:
849:
846:
845:
841:
837:
834:
831:
828:
827:
823:
819:
816:
813:
810:
809:
805:
801:
798:
795:
792:
791:
787:
783:
780:
777:
774:
773:
769:
765:
762:
759:
756:
755:
751:
750:Citroën Dyane
747:
743:
739:
737:Traffi-Clutch
736:
733:
730:
729:
725:
722:
721:Mercedes-Benz
719:
716:
715:
711:
707:
704:
701:
698:
697:
693:
691:
688:
685:
682:
681:
677:
674:
671:
670:
664:
659:
652:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
635:Ford Maverick
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
530:
528:
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
495:
492:
487:
485:
484:Buick Special
480:
477:
473:
468:
465:
460:
458:
454:
451:
443:
441:
439:
435:
434:Amédée Bollée
426:
419:
414:
412:
410:
406:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
378:
376:
374:
370:
369:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
331:
329:
325:
316:
311:
303:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
177:
173:
167:
165:
161:
152:
150:
148:
143:
135:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5028:Racing slick
4965:Transfer box
4944:
4935:Park-by-wire
4930:Parking pawl
4845:Differential
4820:Direct-drive
4802:Transmission
4792:Steam engine
4737:Part of the
4736:
4682:
4668:
4654:
4640:
4626:
4612:
4598:
4584:
4575:
4563:Ghostarchive
4561:Archived at
4557:
4543:
4534:
4525:
4516:
4507:
4493:
4481:. Retrieved
4477:
4468:
4456:. Retrieved
4452:
4443:
4435:the original
4430:
4421:
4409:. Retrieved
4407:. Dmm.org.uk
4398:
4386:. Retrieved
4381:
4369:
4355:
4341:
4329:. Retrieved
4325:the original
4315:
4301:
4287:
4273:
4261:. Retrieved
4256:
4247:
4235:. Retrieved
4231:
4222:
4210:. Retrieved
4206:
4197:
4185:. Retrieved
4181:the original
4177:badgergp.com
4176:
4166:
4154:. Retrieved
4149:
4140:
4128:. Retrieved
4123:
4114:
4102:. Retrieved
4097:
4088:
4076:. Retrieved
4074:. 2 May 2003
4071:
4062:
4050:. Retrieved
4045:
4036:
4024:. Retrieved
4020:the original
4015:
4006:
3997:
3988:
3976:. Retrieved
3971:
3962:
3948:
3936:. Retrieved
3932:the original
3927:
3918:
3906:. Retrieved
3902:the original
3892:
3883:
3874:
3865:
3856:
3844:. Retrieved
3840:the original
3830:
3816:
3802:
3788:
3774:
3765:
3753:Ghostarchive
3751:Archived at
3747:
3739:the original
3734:
3725:
3713:. Retrieved
3709:the original
3704:
3695:
3681:
3667:
3653:
3639:
3630:
3621:
3607:
3593:
3585:the original
3580:
3571:
3557:
3548:
3539:
3525:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3479:
3465:
3451:
3437:
3423:
3402:cite journal
3391:
3379:. Retrieved
3374:
3349:. Retrieved
3344:
3335:
3321:
3307:
3293:
3284:
3275:
3266:
3258:
3250:the original
3245:
3235:
3223:. Retrieved
3218:
3209:
3197:. Retrieved
3185:
3171:
3157:
3145:. Retrieved
3140:
3130:
3118:. Retrieved
3108:
3096:. Retrieved
3092:
3089:"Simca 1100"
3083:
3071:. Retrieved
3066:
3057:
3045:. Retrieved
3041:
3031:
3019:. Retrieved
3015:
3006:
2994:. Retrieved
2989:
2980:
2964:
2959:
2951:
2944:. Retrieved
2940:
2930:
2918:. Retrieved
2916:. p. 20
2913:
2904:
2892:. Retrieved
2887:
2883:
2874:
2862:. Retrieved
2850:
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2823:
2814:
2805:
2799:
2787:. Retrieved
2782:
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2756:
2747:
2735:. Retrieved
2730:
2721:
2709:. Retrieved
2705:the original
2700:
2691:
2679:. Retrieved
2674:
2665:
2653:. Retrieved
2649:
2640:
2628:. Retrieved
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2581:
2569:
2557:. Retrieved
2552:
2543:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2495:the original
2490:
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2465:autonews.com
2464:
2455:
2443:. Retrieved
2439:
2430:
2418:. Retrieved
2408:
2394:
2380:
2366:
2354:. Retrieved
2349:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2306:
2282:. Retrieved
2278:
2269:
2255:
2246:
2243:"Error Page"
2205:. Retrieved
2201:the original
2174:
2165:
2144:
2135:
2123:. Retrieved
2119:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2094:the original
2089:
2080:
2068:. Retrieved
2064:
2054:
2042:. Retrieved
2038:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1968:
1954:
1943:
1934:
1922:. Retrieved
1918:
1906:
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1876:
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1846:
1834:
1820:
1791:. Retrieved
1787:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1762:
1753:
1739:
1725:
1711:
1702:
1690:Ghostarchive
1688:Archived at
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1668:the original
1663:
1635:
1623:. Retrieved
1618:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:autonews.com
1592:
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1566:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1542:autozine.org
1541:
1531:
1432:
1377:Honda Rincon
1358:Honda ATC200
1283:
1254:
1242:
1222:
1204:
1184:Minardi PS05
1168:
1127:
1120:
1079:motorcycles.
1004:
996:Honda Cub 50
989:
952:2020–present
662:
615:
607:Karmann Ghia
594:
590:
584:
568:
553:
534:
518:
503:
494:M4 Vacamatic
488:
481:
469:
461:
447:
431:
389:
382:
366:
362:
358:
354:
346:
344:
332:
321:
293:
283:
281:
259:filled with
246:
215:
193:clutches to
180:
168:
163:
159:
156:
139:
103:
83:paddle-shift
82:
78:
74:
70:
68:
36:transmission
31:
29:
18:Paddle shift
5006:Alloy wheel
4865:Drive wheel
4855:Drive shaft
4815:Chain drive
4156:12 November
4130:12 November
4104:12 November
4078:12 November
3938:15 February
3928:ferrari.com
3846:20 November
3715:19 November
3381:27 December
2946:16 November
2920:16 November
2894:16 November
2864:16 November
2350:hagerty.com
2313:16 February
2247:www.ktm.com
2100:29 February
2044:29 February
2002:11 November
1996:"Autostick"
1980:11 November
1793:17 November
1768:17 November
1763:shiftfx.com
1625:18 November
1599:29 February
1573:17 November
1547:17 November
1452:Dual-clutch
1420:Preselector
1264:2012 season
1229:2008 season
1214:2007 season
1200:2014 season
1196:2006 season
1188:Renault R25
1134:Ferrari 640
1130:Formula One
1123:racing cars
1106:sport bikes
1099:Suzuki FR80
1095:Suzuki FR50
1022:CB400A Hawk
973:Hyundai i20
945:Saab 900 NG
835:Autoclutch
822:Porsche 911
817:Sportomatic
768:Trabant 601
742:Citroën 2CV
593:; English:
531:1950s–1960s
525:Packard 180
453:Hydra-Matic
444:1930s–1940s
420:1900s–1920s
201:, and even
142:gear shifts
118:Formula One
111:Ferrari 640
107:racing cars
75:auto-manual
5134:Categories
5091:Alternator
4739:Automobile
4728:Powertrain
4263:4 December
4237:4 December
4212:4 December
4187:4 December
4026:29 October
3884:Dirt Rider
3866:Dirt Rider
3377:(in Czech)
3375:EpochaPlus
3351:18 October
3345:MotorTrend
3225:18 October
3199:18 October
3047:24 October
2625:allpar.com
2587:16 October
2420:24 October
2307:lemans.org
2284:15 October
2070:15 October
1924:16 October
1882:16 October
1854:16 October
1524:References
1518:Shift time
1410:Sequential
1321:dog clutch
1278:See also:
1223:The rival
1218:Panoz DP01
1164:Forti FG01
1151:sequential
1128:The first
1014:Hondamatic
883:Citroën CX
879:Citroën GS
851:Volkswagen
840:Subaru 360
829:1968–1971
786:Simca 1000
639:Hondamatic
630:Powerglide
587:Volkswagen
556:Citroën DS
472:Oldsmobile
400:idle creep
368:Geartronic
363:Sportmatic
359:Steptronic
290:Volkswagen
249:servomotor
176:handlebars
4960:Transaxle
4925:Manumatic
4895:Gearshift
4767:Fuel cell
4483:14 August
4458:14 August
4331:12 August
4257:Crash.net
4052:17 August
3978:11 August
3954:"Gearbox"
3908:30 August
2830:17 August
2582:xr793.com
2207:18 August
2065:USA Today
1674:16 August
1508:Manumatic
1447:Manumatic
1442:Hydraulic
1429:Automatic
1304:used the
1294:epicyclic
1243:Both the
1220:chassis.
1091:underbone
1057:KTM 65 SX
1045:ST series
1037:minibikes
1028:and 1982
992:Jawa Moto
977:Kia Sonet
934:1993–1998
908:1992–1998
890:1991–1993
871:1971–1980
854:Autostick
847:1968–1976
811:1967–1976
804:NSU Ro 80
793:1967–1977
775:1966–????
757:1965–1990
731:1959–????
717:1957–1961
699:1956–1963
683:1953–1954
611:Autostick
585:The 1967
489:The 1941
432:In 1901,
396:freewheel
355:Tiptronic
351:manumatic
285:Autostick
263:from the
187:pneumatic
183:hydraulic
147:handlebar
40:automated
5119:Category
5058:Tubeless
5043:Run-flat
5023:Off-road
4840:Coupling
4762:Electric
4565:and the
4124:ESPN.com
4098:Autoweek
3755:and the
3147:8 August
3098:8 August
3073:8 August
3021:8 August
2996:8 August
2789:8 August
2763:8 August
2737:8 August
2711:8 August
2681:9 August
2655:9 August
2630:9 August
2559:8 August
2501:9 August
2471:9 August
2445:9 August
2440:nypl.org
2356:9 August
2125:24 March
1692:and the
1386:See also
1348:railcars
1315:and the
1198:. Since
1071:TT-R50E.
1049:Kawasaki
1041:Z series
940:Sensonic
927:Ruf BTR2
690:Hy-Drive
687:Plymouth
663:Sensonic
643:Daihatsu
491:Chrysler
405:throttle
336:redlined
298:solenoid
273:solenoid
91:actuator
87:switches
4576:YouTube
4411:18 July
3766:YouTube
3120:1 March
2145:wikiHow
1703:YouTube
1567:wikiHow
1513:Saxomat
1340:Panther
1260:Hewland
1065:DR-Z125
1024:, 1978
1020:, 1977
956:Hyundai
923:Ruf BTR
894:Ferrari
815:Porsche
763:Hycomat
735:Citroën
703:Renault
549:Saxomat
510:Lincoln
347:SMG-III
340:console
226:gearbox
122:IndyCar
5109:Portal
5069:Hybrid
5033:Radial
5011:Hubcap
4825:Clutch
4772:Hybrid
4741:series
4388:2 July
2971:
2090:zf.com
1401:Manual
1342:, and
1190:, and
1069:Yamaha
1061:Suzuki
1053:KSR110
1043:, and
1030:CM450A
1026:CM400A
1018:CB750A
975:, and
833:Subaru
748:, and
723:Hydrak
705:Ferlec
678:Notes
626:Camaro
603:Type 3
599:Beetle
564:column
506:Hudson
438:Bollée
365:, and
189:, and
162:or an
124:, and
81:, and
44:clutch
5053:Spare
4996:Wheel
4900:Giubo
4378:(PDF)
3194:(PDF)
2578:(PDF)
1915:(PDF)
1873:(PDF)
1843:(PDF)
1504:(DCT)
1344:Tiger
1292:used
1237:Xtrac
1010:Honda
896:Valeo
779:Simca
672:Years
589:WSK (
545:choke
240:, or
95:servo
58:with
5048:Snow
5038:Rain
5018:Tire
4485:2020
4460:2020
4413:2014
4390:2021
4333:2020
4265:2020
4239:2020
4214:2020
4189:2020
4158:2020
4132:2020
4106:2020
4080:2020
4054:2020
4028:2006
3980:2020
3940:2020
3910:2020
3848:2020
3717:2020
3415:help
3383:2019
3353:2021
3227:2021
3201:2021
3149:2012
3122:2020
3100:2020
3075:2020
3049:2017
3023:2020
2998:2020
2969:ISBN
2948:2020
2922:2020
2896:2020
2866:2020
2832:2020
2791:2020
2765:2020
2739:2020
2713:2020
2683:2020
2657:2020
2632:2020
2589:2023
2561:2020
2503:2020
2473:2020
2447:2020
2422:2017
2358:2020
2315:2020
2286:2021
2209:2020
2127:2019
2102:2020
2072:2021
2046:2020
2004:2020
1982:2020
1926:2023
1884:2023
1856:2023
1795:2020
1770:2020
1676:2020
1627:2020
1601:2020
1575:2020
1549:2020
1326:The
1300:and
1268:2000
1247:and
1207:CART
1180:2004
1172:2001
1082:The
938:Saab
925:and
881:and
862:and
675:Name
624:and
616:The
605:and
554:The
535:The
523:and
409:RPMs
211:idle
62:and
5001:Rim
2888:117
2855:doi
1270:).
1256:DTM
1012:'s
963:iMT
960:Kia
916:EKS
912:RUF
797:NSU
464:REO
373:RPM
271:or
220:or
93:or
50:or
5136::
4574:.
4569::
4533:.
4515:.
4476:.
4451:.
4429:.
4380:.
4255:.
4230:.
4205:.
4175:.
4148:.
4122:.
4096:.
4070:.
4044:.
4014:.
3996:.
3970:.
3926:.
3882:.
3864:.
3764:.
3759::
3733:.
3703:.
3629:.
3579:.
3547:.
3501:.
3406::
3404:}}
3400:{{
3373:.
3361:^
3343:.
3283:.
3217:.
3139:.
3091:.
3065:.
3040:.
3014:.
2988:.
2950:.
2939:.
2912:.
2886:.
2882:.
2849:.
2822:.
2781:.
2755:.
2729:.
2699:.
2673:.
2648:.
2623:.
2605:.
2580:.
2551:.
2519:.
2489:.
2463:.
2438:.
2348:.
2337:^
2305:.
2294:^
2277:.
2245:.
2234:^
2217:^
2188:^
2164:.
2153:^
2143:.
2118:.
2088:.
2063:.
2037:.
2026:^
1942:.
1917:.
1875:.
1845:.
1803:^
1786:.
1761:.
1701:.
1696::
1662:.
1649:^
1617:.
1591:.
1565:.
1540:.
1431:/
1368:,
1338:,
1186:,
1097:,
1059:,
1055:,
1047:,
971:,
947:.
929:.
903:.
866:.
842:.
824:.
806:.
788:.
770:.
752:.
744:,
712:.
649:.
601:,
411:.
361:,
357:,
236:,
232:,
213:.
205:.
197:,
185:,
178:.
166:.
149:.
132:.
120:,
77:,
73:,
66:.
30:A
4778:)
4774:(
4720:e
4713:t
4706:v
4690:.
4676:.
4648:.
4592:.
4578:.
4537:.
4519:.
4487:.
4462:.
4415:.
4392:.
4363:.
4349:.
4335:.
4309:.
4295:.
4281:.
4267:.
4241:.
4216:.
4191:.
4160:.
4134:.
4108:.
4082:.
4056:.
4030:.
3982:.
3956:.
3942:.
3912:.
3886:.
3868:.
3850:.
3824:.
3810:.
3796:.
3782:.
3768:.
3719:.
3689:.
3675:.
3647:.
3633:.
3601:.
3565:.
3551:.
3505:.
3487:.
3473:.
3459:.
3431:.
3417:)
3413:(
3385:.
3355:.
3301:.
3287:.
3229:.
3203:.
3151:.
3124:.
3102:.
3077:.
3051:.
3025:.
3000:.
2924:.
2898:.
2868:.
2857::
2834:.
2793:.
2767:.
2741:.
2715:.
2685:.
2659:.
2634:.
2591:.
2563:.
2523:.
2505:.
2475:.
2449:.
2424:.
2360:.
2317:.
2288:.
2249:.
2211:.
2182:.
2168:.
2147:.
2129:.
2104:.
2074:.
2048:.
2020:.
2006:.
1984:.
1928:.
1900:.
1886:.
1858:.
1814:.
1797:.
1772:.
1747:.
1733:.
1719:.
1705:.
1678:.
1629:.
1603:.
1577:.
1551:.
1489:e
1482:t
1475:v
1032:.
958:/
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.