607:, Borneo, Indonesia. Members of this genus are habitat specialists that only live in acidic water. Within peat swamp forests, they are usually found to inhabit deeper, cooler water layers close to the bottom half of the water columns. They also tend to inhabit shaded areas in which light is usually absent from their environment. Their small size helps them to survive droughts, as they can live in small remaining puddles. However, their small ranges and specialised habitat make them extremely vulnerable to
63:
33:
556:
are much reduced. Because of their small size and development due to a simplification of their genome, their skull consist of cartilage, about 40 of their skeletal bones will never be properly developed and the ribs are reduced and remain poorly ossified. Other groups of fish which live in the same
316:
1441:
Kottelat, M., Britz, R., Hui, T., & Witte, K. (2006). Paedocypris, a New Genus of
Southeast Asian Cyprinid Fish with a Remarkable Sexual Dimorphism, Comprises the World's Smallest Vertebrate. Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 273(1589),
486:
pelvic musculature. Males also have a pad of keratinized skin in front of the pelvic fins. These modified fins are thought to be used to grasp the female during mating, or to keep position over a spawning surface.
611:, such as drainage of peat swamps and fires, and some populations have already disappeared. It has been speculated that some other miniature fish from the habitat and region may already have become
1099:
Malmstrøm, Martin; Britz, Ralf; Matschiner, Michael; Tørresen, Ole K; Hadiaty, Renny Kurnia; Yaakob, Norsham; Tan, Heok Hui; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd; Salzburger, Walter; Rüber, Lukas (2018).
557:
environment have not gone through the same types of genetic and developmental changes.Paedocypris genomes are the first known examples of integrated filovirus-like elements in fish.
619:—up to 15% of the freshwater fish species are associated with peat swamps, and based on current destruction rates all Bornean and Sumatran peatlands may be gone by 2040.
1376:
1389:
544:
During their evolution where they have adapted to their environment and shrunk in size, they have lost least seven and possibly as many as ten percent of their
660:
537:
have been documented to be 6.2–7.3 mm (0.24–0.29 in) at maturity, and thus claimed to be a smaller species. However, these survive only by sexual
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1472:
336:
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in the world. The smallest mature female measured 7.9 mm (0.31 in) and the largest known individual was 10.3 mm (0.41 in).
347:. In 1994, the same ichthyologists had already discovered in Sarawak (Malaysian part of Borneo) another miniature species of the same genus
450:
relationship, supporting its close relationship to danionin genera; however, this study included danionins among the subfamily
Rasborinae.
1235:
1467:
1415:
340:
1006:
665:, a new genus of Southeast Asian cyprinid fish with a remarkable sexual dimorphism, comprises the world's smallest vertebrate"
803:"The "Celestial pearl danio", a new genus and species of colourful minute cyprinid fish from Myanmar (Pisces: Cypriniformes)"
344:
615:, even before being scientifically described or discovered. In Malaysia alone, it has been estimated that—in addition to
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Their miniature transparent bodies lack the typical features characteristic of adult fish, for instance a mineralised
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1150:"Genomic transfers help to decipher the ancient evolution of filoviruses and interactions with vertebrate hosts"
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1101:"The Most Developmentally Truncated Fishes Show Extensive Hox Gene Loss and Miniaturized Genomes"
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Rittmeyer, E. N.; Allison, A.; Gründler, M. C.; Thompson, D. K.; Austin, C. C. (2012).
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Rüber, Lukas; Kottelat, Maurice; Tan, Heok Hui; Ng, Peter KL; Britz, Ralf (2007).
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946:"Ecological guild evolution and the discovery of the world's smallest vertebrate"
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Kottelat, Maurice; Britz, Ralf; Heok Hui, Tan; Witte, Kai-Erik (2005).
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RMBR: So which is the smallest species of fish in the world? (Part II)
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767:, a new species from Borneo (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)"
314:
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478:, with the first ray terminating with a hook-like projection of
1249:
1240:
838:"Evolution of miniaturization and the phylogenetic position of
524:. The largest known individual is 10.3 mm (0.41 in).
343:
in 1996. Their osteology was studied by Ralf Britz at London's
1342:
506:
in the world, particularly before the description of the frog
327:
Two species were discovered and identified by ichthyologists
548:(about 15–20 percent of the total amount) and much of their
238:
The three currently recognized species in this genus are:
899:
Britz, Ralf; Conway, Kevin W.; Rüber, Lukas (2014-10-08).
1052:"Highlight: Big Surprises from the World's Smallest Fish"
905:
and its phylogenetic position (Teleostei, Cypriniformes)"
672:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
422:
is Greek for small in size, and is used as a noun in
1039:
The strange genetics of the fish that never grows up
1258:
184:Kottelat, Britz, H. H. Tan & K. E. Witte, 2006
1004:Flap over fishes: Who's the smallest of them all?
1231:BBC: Is it really the smallest fish after all?
756:
754:
842:, comprising the world's smallest vertebrate"
516:female is only 7.9 mm (0.31 in) in
8:
1148:Taylor, Derek J.; Barnhart, Max H. (2024).
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909:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
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204:fish found in swamps and streams on the
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901:"Miniatures, morphology and molecules:
761:Kottelat, Maurice; Britz, Ralf (2008).
628:
337:Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research
1215:Mongobay. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
1213:Picture of the world's smallest fish.
7:
226:has been claimed to be the one of
14:
474:: The males have highly modified
1211:Butler, R.A. (26 January 2006).
382:, were first described in 2006.
341:National University of Singapore
61:
1200:Scientists find 'smallest fish'
1473:Taxa named by Maurice Kottelat
1241:Some records in the fish world
1202:. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
500:smallest known species of fish
359:was found in the slow-flowing
228:smallest known species of fish
1:
1015:University of Washington News
512:in 2012. The smallest mature
1167:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011864
1105:Genome Biology and Evolution
1056:Genome Biology and Evolution
1025:Raffles Museum news, 2006. "
971:10.1371/journal.pone.0029797
591:lives in the peat swamps of
811:Raffles Bulletin of Zoology
775:Raffles Bulletin of Zoology
603:is found in peat swamps in
498:has been claimed to be the
398:and is a common suffix for
1489:
380:Paedocypris micromegethes
261:Paedocypris micromegethes
178:
171:
58:Scientific classification
56:
39:
30:
23:
846:BMC Evolutionary Biology
747:. February 2013 version.
733:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
561:Habitat and conservation
527:Male individuals of the
436:genus by Tyson Roberts.
49:sp. "Singkep" (bottom).
1468:Freshwater fish of Asia
1236:Pharyngula: Paedocypris
1198:BBC (25 January 2006).
801:Roberts, T. R. (2007).
765:Paedocypris carbunculus
566:Paedocypris progenetica
496:Paedocypris progenetica
376:Paedocypris progenetica
321:Paedocypris progenetica
286:Paedocypris progenetica
244:Paedocypris carbunculus
224:Paedocypris progenetica
180:Paedocypris progenetica
42:Paedocypris carbunculus
867:10.1186/1471-2148-7-38
684:10.1098/rspb.2005.3419
534:Photocorynus spiniceps
446:were found to share a
345:Natural History Museum
324:
1002:Sandra Hines, 2006. "
509:Paedophryne amauensis
470:. They have a unique
331:from Switzerland and
318:
1050:McGrath, C. (2018).
466:, characteristic of
962:2012PLoSO...729797R
858:2007BMCEE...7...38R
491:Smallest vertebrate
482:skin, supported by
374:, and two species,
1117:10.1093/gbe/evy058
1068:10.1093/gbe/evy065
1009:2006-02-12 at the
735:"Species in genus
605:Central Kalimantan
325:
1463:Cyprinidae genera
1431:
1430:
1403:Open Tree of Life
1252:Taxon identifiers
922:10.1111/zoj.12184
678:(1589): 895–899.
472:sexual dimorphism
390:for children and
306:
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51:Scale bar = 1 mm
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704:. Archived from
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357:P. micromegethes
329:Maurice Kottelat
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1160:(9): e1011864.
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410:(from the word
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16:Genus of fishes
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820:. Retrieved
818:(1): 131–140
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784:. Retrieved
782:(2): 415–422
779:
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742:
736:
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713:. Retrieved
706:the original
675:
671:
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616:
609:habitat loss
600:
599:, Malaysia.
595:in northern
588:
565:
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552:, and their
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522:P. amauensis
521:
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495:
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448:sister group
443:
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402:genera; the
391:
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363:streams and
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333:Tan Heok Hui
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173:Type species
145:
144:
50:
47:Paedocyrpris
46:
40:
24:
18:
1458:Paedocypris
1364:iNaturalist
1304:Paedocypris
1290:Paedocypris
1284:Wikispecies
1260:Paedocypris
903:Paedocypris
852:(1): 1–10.
840:Paedocypris
737:Paedocypris
663:Paedocypris
617:Paedocypris
579:islands of
573:peat swamps
550:transposons
480:keratinized
476:pelvic fins
468:fish larvae
444:Paedocypris
430:Paedocypris
408:Progenetica
372:Paedocypris
370:The genus,
365:peat swamps
349:Paedocypris
303:K. E. Witte
278:K. E. Witte
208:islands of
193:Paedocypris
164:K. E. Witte
146:Paedocypris
131:Subfamily:
25:Paedocypris
1452:Categories
822:2009-06-24
786:26 October
715:26 October
623:References
577:Indonesian
570:blackwater
539:parasitism
529:anglerfish
504:vertebrate
454:Appearance
439:Sundadanio
424:apposition
412:progenetic
361:blackwater
135:Danioninae
125:Cyprinidae
931:0024-4082
546:Hox genes
460:braincase
416:adjective
335:from the
299:H. H. Tan
274:H. H. Tan
160:H. H. Tan
81:Kingdom:
75:Eukaryota
1442:895-899.
1269:Wikidata
1186:39226335
1177:11398700
1135:29684203
1086:29718209
1007:Archived
990:22253785
950:PLOS ONE
886:17355618
744:FishBase
702:16627273
531:species
434:danionin
400:cyprinid
384:Paideios
339:and the
311:Taxonomy
291:Kottelat
266:Kottelat
253:Kottelat
202:cyprinid
200:of tiny
152:Kottelat
121:Family:
95:Chordata
91:Phylum:
85:Animalia
71:Domain:
1382:1325262
1356:2367270
1275:Q168599
1126:5906920
1077:5906955
981:3256195
958:Bibcode
877:1838906
854:Bibcode
693:1560243
613:extinct
593:Sarawak
581:Sumatra
575:of the
554:introns
351:. Like
234:Species
214:Sumatra
141:Genus:
111:Order:
101:Class:
45:(top),
1421:270163
1408:247371
1395:432420
1317:378019
1184:
1174:
1133:
1123:
1084:
1074:
988:
978:
929:
884:
874:
700:
690:
597:Borneo
585:Bintan
404:gender
392:cypris
305:, 2006
301:&
280:, 2006
276:&
255:, 2008
251:&
218:Bintan
210:Borneo
166:, 2006
162:&
1416:WoRMS
1377:IRMNG
1369:90606
1343:27782
806:(PDF)
770:(PDF)
709:(PDF)
668:(PDF)
396:Venus
388:Greek
295:Britz
270:Britz
249:Britz
198:genus
196:is a
156:Britz
1390:NCBI
1351:GBIF
1330:6C7V
1312:BOLD
1182:PMID
1131:PMID
1082:PMID
986:PMID
927:ISSN
882:PMID
788:2012
717:2012
698:PMID
583:and
502:and
442:and
378:and
216:and
1338:EoL
1325:CoL
1299:ADW
1172:PMC
1162:doi
1121:PMC
1113:doi
1072:PMC
1064:doi
976:PMC
966:doi
917:doi
913:172
872:PMC
862:doi
688:PMC
680:doi
676:273
386:is
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