257:
480:
750:
like VAX/11-780 were deployed to provide computational support to the scientific community at PINSTECH. Later on with the advent of distributed computing technologies, numerous distribute systems were deployed to achieve higher processing and storage capacity than mainframe computers. These include Data and
Compute clusters, grids, clouds and applications. Data acquisition systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and advanced network architectures are also developed and deployed.
2124:
2179:
376:
plutonium. In spite of its short-comings, the investigations and classified studies on understanding the equation of state on plutonium was started the physicists at the
Pinstech laboratory in 1972. The Pinstech laboratory became a main research and development laboratory when it initiated its ingenious program for the production of
44:
632:. As of today, the division is the largest Divisions of the PINSTECH comprising five major groups. Nuclear Chemistry Division has gained experience in the characterization of reactor grade and high purity materials by using advanced analytical techniques and it is dealing with environmental and health related problems.
514:
the country. In 2020, expansion work was started at
Pinstech lab to help its "ability to produce isotopes for medical use, especially for preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for cancer patients while also helping the country in its aspirations in other applications of peaceful use of nuclear technology."
708:
Computer
Division (CD) - Computer Division (CD) was established in January 1980 with an aim to provide service and support to the researchers and scientists of PINSTECH in the area of computer hardware and software. Although computer division is still providing computer hardware and software services
589:
The directorate of science consists of four division, and each divisions are headed by deputy director-generals. In 2004, the PINSTECH administration had brought together all of the groups, and were merged into one single
Division, known as Physics Research Division (PRD). Meanwhile, the PINSTECH had
505:
The computer scientists at the
Pinstech Laboratory had built a supercomputer based on the vintage IBM computer architecture that allowed the physicists at the Pinstech to model the behavior of plutonium without the actual nuclear testing. Research work on plutonium is conducted at its special-purpose
749:
Computation
Information & Communication Technologies Division/Management Information Systems (MISD) - CICT/MIS division headed by Dr. Syed Zubair Ahmad was established in 1980 for developing computation and information technologies infrastructure at PINSTECH. Initially mainframe computer systems
744:
The
Directorate of Coordination, headed by Engr. Iqbal Hussain Khan, is an administrative directorate which consists of 3 technical support divisions. Computation, Information, Communication Technologies (CICT)/Management Information System (MIS) Division, The Scientific Information Division (SID),
730:
in early 1971. Having known as the problem solver in the institute, the IAD is responsible for solving the problems in
Isotope Hydrolog, Environmental Pollution, Non-Destructive Testing, Industrial Applications, Life Sciences, and Isotope Geology. IAD also extends expert services to solve relevant
513:
Besides its national security mission, the lab promotes applications of radiation and isotope technology in various scientific and technological disciplines to support the nation. It is also working on important non-nuclear fields, which are crucial for the development of science and technology in
753:
Scientific
Information Division (SID)- The Scientific Information Division (SID, headed by Dr. Ishtiaq Hussain Bokhari, was established in PINSTECH in 1966. It was upgraded into a full-fledged division in 1984. SID is the central source of scientific and technical information not only for Pakistan
207:
The Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH) is one of nation's leading research and development Institution affiliated to the national security. It is a principle national laboratory that has the responsibility by ensuring the safety, security, and reliability of nation's
1238:
who served its first Director in 1972 until 1974. The TPG, under Salam's directorial guidance, was tasked to developed the nuclear weapons designs and mathematical calculations involving the nuclear weapons. Later, The TPG had first successfully designed the first theoretical design and completed
665:
Electronics Maintenance Division (EMD) - The Electronics Division (ED, headed by Mr. Hameed, was formally established in 1967, recognizing its important role in scientific research and development at PINSTECH. The Division has rendered valuable service to the scientific effort by carrying out
661:
Nuclear Engineering Division (NED) - The Nuclear Engineering Division (NED, headed by Dr. Masood Iqbal, is one of the most prestigious and well-known Division of Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH). The Division was established in 1965 with the objective to develop
387:
The Pinstech laboratory was also a learning center for gaining expertise in nuclear fuel cycle which it provided training to other facilities after learning the very basic knowledge from the European industries prior to 1969. At the Pinstech laboratory, a pilot plant (New Labs) was built for
375:
with India in 1971, the re-purposing of the Pinstech Laboratory was difficult since it was never intended to be a weapons laboratory. Initially, the plutonium pit production at Pinstech was quite difficult together with its tiny research reactor that could never be a source of weapons-grade
1251:
Dr. Iqbal Hussain Qureshi (Dr. I.H. Qureshi) was one of the leading scientists who were involved in the development of a nuclear weapon in the early 1970s. Dr. I.H. Qureshi has had led NCD in the development of fissionable materials in the device. Dr. I.H. Qureshi had famously discovered
166:
In response to the war with India in 1971, the lab was repurposed as a primary weapons laboratory from its original civilian mission. Since the 1990s, the lab has been focused increasingly on civilian mission and it maintains a broad portfolio in providing research opportunities in
1349:
The Isotope Production Division (IPD) was founded by Mr. M. Bashar Khan in 2002. M. Khalid was made Head of the RIPD Division. The RIPD was the only division in generating funds and have been involve in producing and catering the nuclear medical center needs on regular
284:
who was lobbying for a professional physical laboratory since 1951. Budget constraints and lack of interests by the government administration had left a deep impression on Salam who was determined to establish to create an institution to which scientists from the
754:
Atomic Energy Commission but also for other scientific organizations and universities in the country and is responsible for the efficient acquisition, storage, retrieval and dissemination of Scientific and Technical information in support of the PAEC program.
509:
The Centralized Analysis Facility (CAF) has been utilized chemistry on plutonium and other areas of actinides sciences are studied and conducts experiments at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL); both of labs are the most potent facilities in Pakistan.
388:
reprocessing spent reactor fuel into plutonium pit production. Besides its fundamental and basic programs on physical sciences, the laboratory provided a ground for the Pakistani scientists to design and engineer weapon designs, with many feared that
718:
The Directorate of Technology (D-TECH) consists of 3 divisions that are Materials Division (MD), Isotope Application Division (IAD), and the Isotope Production Division (IPD).This is currently overseen by Dr. Gulzar Hussain Zahid, Chief Engineer.
470:
for treating cancer. Scientists from Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) and Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) had been using the PINSTECH facilities to conduct advanced research in both medical and food sciences.
502:. In 1987, the Pinstech developed a technology by fabricating a Chromium kF39 and developed an innovative technique, "in-stu leaching", which allowed the extraction of actinides from the uranium ore without the need for conventional milling.
653:
Health Physics Division (HPD) - The Health Physics Division (HPD) was established in 1965 by the small team of health physicists. Founded as a group, it was made a division of PINSTECH in 1966. The division heavily involves its research in
2511:
734:
Isotope Production Division (IPD) - The Isotope Production Division (IPD) It contains Molly Group, Generator Production group, Kit production Group. IPD also involves in modification of exiting isotope production
308:
350,000. Contrary to United States' financial pledges, it was reported that the actual cost of building the Pinstech was neared at US$ 6.6 million ($ 63.8 million in 2023) that was funded and paid by the
442:
in spite of having basic familiarity. In 1973, the lab conducted several studies on understanding the properties of uranium oxide, eventually producing the first fuel bundle in 1976 that was shipped to the
723:
Materials Division (MD) - Materials Division (MD) was established in 1973, with aim of to provide technical assistance to other PAEC's projects on development, production and characterization of materials.
2541:
304:
for the further funding of the laboratory from the United States government, which stipulated the fund if the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission were to set up a research reactor of their own at sum of
1694:
418:". The design work had carried out on 20 different laboratories at the lab, and it was its New Labs facility of the lab that was able to produce the first batch of the weapon grade plutonium of
1221:
who also served its first director. The Math Group was mandate to conduct mathematical calculations in implosion designs and concepts. It earned prestige in 1978 when the Group, worked under
678:
fuel. An outstanding achievement ED was the design and engineering of nuclear instrumentation of research reactor (PARR-1) which required a very high degree of sophistication and reliability.
683:
General Services Division (GSD) - The General Services Division (GSD) is responsible for the routine operational research, maintenance repairs of the laboratories, upkeep and development of
2277:
506:
facility, the New Laboratories, where the weapon-grade nuclear explosives are designed and manufactured. Much of the work on plutonium is, however, is subjected to classified information.
590:
also merged Nuclear Physics Division (NPD) and Radiation Physics Division (RPD), Nuclear and Applied Chemistry Divisions as well. The below is the list of research groups working in RPD.
666:
maintenance of scientific equipment and development of electronic instruments for use in research and development projects. In 1989, the ED was involved in the upgrade program of the
235:
99:
670:
led by PAEC chairman Munir Ahmad Khan. The ED had supplied and developed electronic material and system for the PARR-I Reactor, and had successfully converted PARR-I to utilize
2267:
2109:
662:
technical expertise mainly in the area of Nuclear Reactor Technology. The NED has been used to provide technical assistance and training to the field of reactor technology.
2506:
1810:
2571:
2297:
2292:
2358:
293:
without permanently leaving their own countries. Construction of the Pinstech began when Salam who was able to find funding from the United States in 1961.
2496:
2302:
2556:
2501:
247:
2566:
2546:
2481:
2437:
2102:
2087:
466:
As of today, PINSTECH has been shifted to peacetime research in medicine, biology, materials and physics. Its Molybdenum-42 facility was used to
2531:
2516:
2421:
2193:
325:
2536:
2370:
2198:
1670:
452:
393:
355:
347:
2491:
2486:
256:
141:
316:
From 1965–69, the Pinstech had an active and direct laboratory-to-laboratory interaction with the American national laboratories such as
121:
2392:
2144:
709:
but it has gradually shifted its activities from being only a service provider division to an important design and development division.
163:
and its construction was completed in 1965. It has been described as " the most architecturally stunning physics complex in the world".
1429:
2095:
1633:
1592:
2521:
2364:
1373:
494:
Since its repurposing in 1972, the Pinstech laboratory conducts research into understanding the equation of state of plutonium, its
231:
109:
2049:
2028:
2070:
2007:
1964:
1905:
1867:
1842:
2526:
2163:
1989:
1952:
1923:
1892:
1135:
523:
956:
649:
The Directorate of System and Services (DSS, headed by Dr. Matiullah, consists of 5 research divisions that are listed below:
479:
2450:
1774:
335:
The scientific library of the institute consisted of a large section containing historical references and literatures on the
1340:
of the RIAD Division. The RIAD was the first division that had put efforts in the development of the fission device in 1972.
1502:
339:, brought by Abdus Salam in 1971 prior to start of the nuclear weapons program under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's administration.
2287:
2236:
2224:
2151:
317:
1764:
1623:
1582:
1534:
2551:
2156:
460:
329:
216:
925:
447:
to keep its grid operations running. The Pinstech also took initiatives in learning and understanding the chemistry of
2342:
2282:
2139:
1217:
The Mathematics Physics Group, otherwise known as Math Group, was founded in 1972, with Theoretical Physics Group, by
960:
444:
358:
of the Quaid-i-Azam University had an opportunity to seek permanent research employment in physics at the laboratory.
321:
81:
1161:
403:
became restricted site, the research efforts were directed towards working on understanding and producing first the
17:
2272:
1660:
372:
138:
2387:
2118:
667:
560:
554:
548:
542:
536:
276:
The establishment of the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (Pinstech) was embodiment of the
223:
who once worded: "This....has been my greatest work. I am proud that it looks like it belongs in this country.."
2410:
2328:
1087:
1058:
1036:
988:
726:
Isotope Application Division (IAD) - The Isotope Application Division (IAD) was established in PINSTECH by Dr.
1824:
2455:
2248:
1333:
1068:
866:
499:
404:
351:
2460:
1206:
1157:
858:
692:
343:
227:
1240:
671:
629:
265:
192:
2561:
1443:
881:
870:
675:
467:
448:
415:
310:
305:
1010:
966:
929:
904:
377:
261:
251:
220:
160:
459:, which it was also produced at the lab first; and later having it transfer the technology to the
2416:
1791:
1218:
1202:
1028:
439:
286:
438:
The scientists at the Pinstech laboratory initiated the studies on understanding the ingenious
215:, about 15 mi (24 km) southeast of Islamabad, and was designed by the American firm,
2350:
2323:
1770:
1666:
1629:
1588:
1189:
1015:
971:
938:
688:
336:
290:
184:
176:
1728:
628:
Nuclear Chemistry Division (NCD) - The Nuclear Chemistry Division was founded in 1966 by Dr.
1948:
1451:
1337:
1329:
1111:
948:
899:
727:
696:
573:
529:
456:
301:
188:
172:
1803:
1749:
Shahidur Rehman, §The Theoretical Physics Group, A Cue from Manhattan Project?, pp51-100,
1477:
876:
655:
277:
1376:
The News International (newspaper), Published 16 October 2020, Retrieved 18 December 2020
1225:, finished the solved complex calculations involved in nuclear fission and chain reaction
2053:
2032:
1447:
264:
presents the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH) model to
2074:
2011:
1968:
1871:
1846:
572:
The PINSTECH four research directorates and each directorate is headed by an appointed
168:
1993:
1927:
2475:
1434:
1316:
1127:
1064:
495:
485:
427:
419:
381:
1222:
1192:
in 1979. The FNPG was involved in the designing of a country's first nuclear weapon
917:
700:
422:
by 1983. This weapon-grade plutonium was the source material that was carried on a
411:
342:
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) hired the laboratory's first director
297:
1909:
1476:
Bashir, Asif (12 May 2012). Akhter, PhD, Javed Iqbal; Khan, Iqbal Hussain (eds.).
1235:
1103:
891:
684:
281:
196:
1891:
The Nuclear Engineering division was used in the designing and construction of
455:
in 1974. In addition, the understanding of UF6 eventually led in producing the
234:. The scientific research programs are supported at the laboratory through the
2318:
1274:
842:
180:
92:
238:, also in Nilore. The laboratory covers around 400 acres (1.6 km) area.
208:
nuclear weapons program by advancing applications in science and technology.
1973:
1932:
1876:
1851:
1253:
423:
407:
268:
149:
1654:
1652:
354:
in 1967, bearing some special materials testing. Soon, the scientists from
43:
2178:
1319:
equation for balancing the Q-value and energy balance in a fission device.
2123:
1234:
The Theoretical Physics Group or TPG, was founded and established by Dr.
532:, a reprocessing plant and another experimental neutron source based on:
153:
85:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
528:
PINSTECH has particle accelerators and also operates two small nuclear
1455:
414:
plutonium from the spent fuel rods by undergoing a chemical process, "
1295:
745:
Programme Coordination Division (PCD) are included in this division.
400:
212:
145:
77:
1503:"Collaboration is key as Pakistan ramps up its radioisotope R&D"
731:
problems faced by the industrial sector and different organizations.
1828:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
779:
Health Physics, Radiation Safety & Radioactive Waste Management
1659:
Brink, Lars; Duff, Michael James; Phua, Kok Khoo (21 March 2017).
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
658:
and using nuclear technology in medical and agricultural sciences.
478:
389:
255:
2091:
1387:
2512:
Constituent institutions of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
1625:
Cosmic Anger: Abdus Salam - The First Muslim Nobel Scientist
1528:
1526:
1524:
1766:
Ideals and realities : selected essays of Abdus Salam
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1374:
Foundation stone laid down for expansion work at PINSTECH
1328:
The Isotope Application Division (IAD)was founded by Dr.
289:
would come as a right to interact with their peers from
797:
Production of Radioisotopes & Radio-pharmaceuticals
280:
initiative in 1953 and a long-sought initiative led by
2542:
Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
1535:"Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology"
236:
Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
131:
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology
576:. The following PINSTECH Divisions are listed below:
2298:
Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB)
1205:
in 1966 that had produced world acclaim research in
1188:
It was founded as Fast Neutron Physics Group by Dr.
36:
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
18:
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
2430:
2403:
2380:
2349:
2337:
2311:
2260:
2213:
2186:
2132:
115:
105:
91:
73:
65:
50:
34:
1239:calculations in nuclear weapon in 1978, under Dr.
1695:"Dr. I.H. Usmani and the Early Days of the PAEC"
803:Repair & Maintenance of Electronic Equipment
488:released its stamp to honor the Pinstech in 1965
159:The site was designed by the American architect
2303:Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture NIFA
1662:Memorial Volume On Abdus Salam's 90th Birthday
600:Electronic and Magnetic Materials Group (EMMG)
451:, which the technology was transferred to the
2103:
1584:Eating grass the making of the Pakistani bomb
100:Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
27:National laboratory site in Nilore, Islamabad
8:
2359:National Electric Power Regulatory Authority
788:Materials Development & Characterization
350:(GCU), who affiliated the Pinstech with the
2268:Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
1951:in 1991. Further discussion can be read at
1763:Lai, editors, Z. Hassan & C.H. (1983).
2110:
2096:
2088:
1947:The PARR-I Upgradation Program was led by
2507:Pakistan federal departments and agencies
1809:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
800:Radiation & Radioisotope Applications
2050:"Radiation Isotope Application Division"
2029:"Radiation Isotope Application Division"
1587:. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
829:
248:Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction
1363:
1181:
806:Scientific & Industrial Instruments
2422:World Association of Nuclear Operators
2194:Multan Heavy Water Production Facility
1799:
1789:
1727:Ahmad, Syed; Ahmad, Mansoor; Khan, H.
1693:Hasnain, PNRA, S.A (7 December 2005).
815:Technical Services & Collaboration
785:Lasers Laboratory and Testing Facility
551:-Plutonium reprocessing (PR) facility.
31:
2572:Nuclear weapons programme of Pakistan
2371:Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority
2206:Radioactive Waste Management Facility
2199:Islamabad Uranium Conversion Facility
1388:"PINSTECH's research and Development"
1369:
1367:
597:Fast Neutron Diffraction Group (FNDG)
453:Islamabad Uranium Conversion Facility
348:Government College University, Lahore
7:
563:- An experimental neutron generator.
545:-Utilize High-Enriched Uranium (HEU)
2393:Nuclear power programme in Pakistan
2145:Pakistan Nuclear Power Fuel Complex
826:Director generals (DGs) of PINSTECH
539:-Utilize Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU)
645:Directorate of System and Services
594:Atomic and Nuclear Radiation Group
25:
2497:International research institutes
2365:Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
2071:"Scientific Information Division"
1201:The EMM Group was founded by Dr.
623:Chemistry Research Division (CRD)
557:- a nuclear particle accelerator.
232:Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
110:Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
2177:
2164:Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor
2122:
1136:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
615:Mathematical Physics Group (MPG)
524:Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor
356:Institute of Theoretical Physics
346:, a professor of physics at the
42:
2557:1965 establishments in Pakistan
2502:Research institutes in Pakistan
1769:. Singapore: World Scientific.
1753:, 1999, Printwise Publications.
957:North Carolina State University
618:Theoretical Physics Group (TPG)
585:Physics Research Division (RPD)
291:industrially advanced countries
2567:Theoretical physics institutes
2547:Biological research institutes
2482:Nuclear technology in Pakistan
2293:Institute of Power Engineering
2278:Centre for High Energy Physics
1906:"Nuclear Engineering Division"
1430:"Pakistan's nuclear Taj Mahal"
776:Environmental Studies Building
1:
2532:Military research of Pakistan
2517:Edward Durell Stone buildings
2288:Centre for Earthquake Studies
2214:Facilities under construction
2152:Karachi Nuclear Power Complex
2140:Chashma Nuclear Power Complex
1731:. Pakistan Defence Consortium
703:to PINSTECH and annexed labs.
2537:Chemical research institutes
2157:Kundian Nuclear Fuel Complex
1843:"Nuclear Chemistry Division"
1537:. Pakistan Chemistry Society
818:Vacuum Technology Laboratory
767:Charged Particle Accelerator
555:Charged Particle Accelerator
461:Kundian Nuclear Fuel Complex
2492:Particle physics facilities
2487:Nuclear research institutes
2283:National Centre for Physics
2008:"Nuclear Material Division"
1965:"General Services Division"
1825:"Physics Research Division"
1628:. Oxford University press.
1581:Khan, Feroz Hassan (2012).
1151:Syed Jamshed Hussain Zaidi
961:Argonne National Laboratory
791:Nuclear Geological Services
740:Directorate of Coordination
603:Nuclear Track Studies Group
445:Karachi Nuclear Power Plant
211:The PINSTECH is located in
2588:
2273:Khan Research Laboratories
2203:Gadwal Enrichment Facility
2175:
1428:Leslie, Stuart W. (2015).
770:Computer Oriented Services
640:Laser Development Division
637:Applied Chemistry Division
521:
245:
54:21 December 1965
2446:
2388:Energy policy of Pakistan
2119:Nuclear power in Pakistan
1868:"Health Physics Division"
714:Directorate of Technology
394:developing a nuclear bomb
69:Nuclear and basic science
41:
2522:Laboratories in Pakistan
2411:Pakistan Nuclear Society
1162:Forschungszentrum Jülich
1088:University of Birmingham
1059:University of Birmingham
1037:University of Birmingham
989:University of Manchester
809:Scientific Glass Blowing
782:Irradiation Laboratories
695:, mechanical workshops,
142:research and development
2527:Mathematical institutes
1708:(1–2). Islamabad: 13–20
1622:Fraser, Gordon (2010).
867:University of Cambridge
850:Educational Background
764:Analytical Laboratories
352:Quaid-i-Azam University
1924:"Electronics Division"
1386:et. al. staff writer.
1207:Mossbauer Spectroscopy
1158:University of Peshawar
1004:Iqbal Hussain Qureshi
926:Université de Montréal
859:Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry
839:Timeline of Directors
812:Scientific Information
794:Processing of Polymers
609:Radiation Damage Group
580:Directorate of Science
561:Fast Neutron Generator
491:
296:Eventually, Salam and
273:
228:Government of Pakistan
2261:National laboratories
630:Iqbal Hussain Qureshi
606:Nuclear Geology Group
482:
468:medical radioisotopes
380:oxide (plutonia) and
259:
193:environmental science
1665:. World Scientific.
1140:Nuclear engineering
1116:Theoretical physics
871:Cavendish Laboratory
449:uranium hexafluoride
367:Strategic deterrence
287:developing countries
2552:Supercomputer sites
1996:on 30 October 2009.
1990:"Computer Division"
1751:Long Road to Chagai
1485:PINSTECH Newsletter
1448:2015PhT....68b..40L
1081:Mustansar Jehangir
1011:University of Tokyo
967:Nuclear engineering
930:Montreal Laboratory
905:Theoretical physics
311:Pakistani taxpayers
252:Science in Pakistan
226:Since owned by the
221:Edward Durell Stone
161:Edward Durell Stone
2451:Electricity sector
2438:Nuclear Technology
2417:CANDU Owners Group
2080:on 4 October 2006.
2059:on 4 October 2006.
2038:on 4 October 2006.
2017:on 4 January 2005.
1978:on 4 October 2006.
1937:on 4 October 2006.
1912:on 4 October 2006.
1881:on 2 January 2005.
1856:on 4 January 2005.
1802:has generic name (
1509:. 21 December 2022
1219:Raziuddin Siddiqui
1166:Nuclear chemistry
1092:Nuclear chemistry
1052:Hameed Ahmad Khan
1029:Noor Muhammad Butt
821:Vibration Analysis
568:Research divisions
492:
475:Plutonium research
440:nuclear fuel cycle
434:Nuclear fuel cycle
410:and eventually to
384:(Urania) in 1973.
274:
2469:
2468:
1672:978-981-314-488-0
1533:et. al. Unknown.
1478:"Editor's Corner"
1456:10.1063/PT.3.2688
1190:Samar Mubarakmand
1173:
1172:
1016:Nuclear chemistry
982:Naeem Ahmad Khan
972:Master of Science
773:Corrosion Testing
687:services such as
612:Diagnostics Group
574:Director-Generals
530:research reactors
426:conducted at the
337:Manhattan Project
230:, its managed by
185:materials science
177:physical sciences
127:
126:
66:Field of research
16:(Redirected from
2579:
2338:Fuel extractions
2251:
2239:
2227:
2181:
2127:
2126:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2089:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2073:. Archived from
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2052:. Archived from
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2031:. Archived from
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2010:. Archived from
2004:
1998:
1997:
1992:. Archived from
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1967:. Archived from
1961:
1955:
1949:Munir Ahmad Khan
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1926:. Archived from
1920:
1914:
1913:
1908:. Archived from
1902:
1896:
1889:
1883:
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1880:
1870:. Archived from
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1845:. Archived from
1839:
1833:
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1831:on 19 June 2006.
1827:. Archived from
1821:
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1801:
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1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:director general
1330:Naeem Ahmad Khan
1326:
1320:
1313:
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1304:
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1292:
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1283:
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1271:
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1249:
1243:
1232:
1226:
1215:
1209:
1199:
1193:
1186:
1112:Imperial College
1041:Nuclear physics
993:Nuclear physics
949:Munir Ahmad Khan
935:Nuclear physics
900:Imperial College
830:
728:Naeem Ahmad Khan
697:air conditioning
518:Nuclear reactors
489:
430:on 30 May 1998.
302:Glenn T. Seaborg
272:
173:renewable energy
139:federally funded
106:Operating agency
61:
59:
46:
37:
32:
21:
2587:
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2472:
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2399:
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2343:Fuel extraction
2333:
2307:
2256:
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2235:
2223:
2209:
2182:
2173:
2128:
2121:
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2086:
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2027:
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2014:
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1196:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1073:D.Sc. and Ph.D
1069:reactor physics
877:Nuclear physics
828:
761:
759:User facilities
742:
716:
656:medical physics
647:
582:
570:
543:PARR-II Reactor
526:
520:
483:
477:
436:
369:
364:
278:Atoms for Peace
260:
254:
246:Main articles:
244:
205:
122:pinstech.com.pk
57:
55:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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5:
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2329:Paradise Point
2326:
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2107:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2062:
2041:
2020:
1999:
1981:
1956:
1953:PARR-I Reactor
1940:
1915:
1897:
1884:
1859:
1834:
1816:
1775:
1755:
1742:
1719:
1685:
1671:
1648:
1635:978-0191578663
1634:
1607:
1594:978-0804784801
1593:
1548:
1520:
1494:
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1334:Hafeez Qureshi
1321:
1309:
1300:
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741:
738:
737:
736:
732:
724:
715:
712:
711:
710:
705:
704:
680:
679:
668:PARR-I Reactor
663:
659:
646:
643:
642:
641:
638:
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620:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
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581:
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569:
566:
565:
564:
558:
552:
546:
540:
537:PARR-I Reactor
522:Main article:
519:
516:
496:phase diagrams
476:
473:
435:
432:
412:military-grade
368:
365:
363:
362:Major Projects
360:
243:
240:
204:
201:
169:supercomputing
144:laboratory in
125:
124:
119:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
89:
88:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2584:
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2408:
2406:
2404:Organizations
2402:
2394:
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2385:
2383:
2381:Public policy
2379:
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2216:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2168:Research-only
2167:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
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2150:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2138:
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2125:
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2113:
2108:
2106:
2101:
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2045:
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2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1925:
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1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
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1853:
1848:
1844:
1838:
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1800:|first1=
1793:
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1441:
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1435:Physics Today
1431:
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1404:
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1204:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1185:
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1163:
1159:
1156:
1154:2010–Present
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:Ansar Pervaiz
1126:
1123:
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1110:
1107:
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927:
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844:
841:
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835:
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814:
811:
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772:
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763:
762:
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748:
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579:
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541:
538:
535:
534:
533:
531:
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511:
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501:
497:
487:
486:Pakistan Post
481:
474:
472:
469:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
433:
431:
429:
428:Ras Koh Range
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
406:
405:reactor-grade
402:
397:
395:
391:
385:
383:
382:uranium oxide
379:
374:
366:
361:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:Rafi Muhammad
340:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
307:
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288:
283:
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98:
96:
95:
90:
87:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2312:Reservations
2133:Power plants
2075:the original
2065:
2054:the original
2044:
2033:the original
2023:
2012:the original
2002:
1994:the original
1984:
1969:the original
1959:
1943:
1928:the original
1918:
1910:the original
1900:
1887:
1872:the original
1862:
1847:the original
1837:
1829:the original
1819:
1780:. Retrieved
1765:
1758:
1750:
1745:
1733:. Retrieved
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1705:
1701:
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1661:
1639:. Retrieved
1624:
1598:. Retrieved
1583:
1539:. Retrieved
1511:. Retrieved
1507:CERN Courier
1506:
1497:
1488:
1484:
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1442:(2): 40–46.
1439:
1433:
1381:
1345:
1324:
1247:
1230:
1223:Asghar Qadir
1213:
1197:
1184:
918:Ishfaq Ahmad
743:
717:
701:water supply
648:
622:
621:
588:
584:
583:
571:
527:
512:
508:
504:
493:
465:
437:
424:nuclear test
416:reprocessing
398:
392:was rapidly
386:
370:
341:
334:
315:
298:I. H. Usmani
295:
275:
262:Edward Stone
225:
210:
206:
165:
158:
134:
130:
128:
116:
93:
29:
2562:Abdus Salam
2456:Solar power
2078:(Web cache)
2057:(Web cache)
2036:(Web cache)
2015:(Web cache)
1782:18 December
1735:16 November
1712:16 November
1702:The Nucleus
1678:25 February
1641:18 December
1600:18 December
1541:18 December
1390:. PAEC, PD.
1315:+22.4
1236:Abdus Salam
1104:Masud Ahmad
892:Abdus Salam
699:as well as
685:engineering
300:approached
282:Abdus Salam
217:AMF Atomics
197:mathematics
94:Affiliation
51:Established
2476:Categories
2461:Wind power
2319:Baghalchur
2244:Khushab-5
2187:Facilities
1776:9971950871
1729:"Timelime"
1358:References
1132:2007–2010
1108:2005–2007
1084:2000–2005
1055:1996–2000
1033:1991–1996
1007:1986–1991
985:1977–1984
953:1976–1977
922:1971–1976
896:1970–1971
863:1965–1970
843:Alma Mater
693:electrical
674:fuel into
500:properties
498:, and its
463:in 1980.
373:costly war
371:After the
181:philosophy
58:1965-12-21
1974:Web cache
1933:Web cache
1877:Web cache
1852:Web cache
1792:cite book
1336:was made
1332:in 1971.
1241:Riazuddin
1203:N.M. Butt
1063:Nuclear,
735:facility.
457:Zircaloys
408:plutonium
378:plutonium
326:Livermore
318:Oak Ridge
313:in 1965.
269:Ayub Khan
266:President
150:Islamabad
82:Islamabad
2431:See also
2351:Agencies
2225:CHASNUPP
974:(M.Sc.)
833:Numbers
549:New Labs
271:in 1961.
203:Overview
189:medicine
154:Pakistan
135:PINSTECH
86:Pakistan
74:Location
2361:(NEPRA)
2324:Chashma
1893:PARR-II
1513:26 June
1461:26 June
1444:Bibcode
322:Argonne
242:History
137:) is a
117:Website
56: (
2373:(PNRA)
2367:(PAEC)
2237:KANUPP
1773:
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1350:basis.
1067:, and
1044:D.Sc.
847:Field
401:Nilore
330:Sandia
328:, and
213:Nilore
195:, and
146:Nilore
78:Nilore
2413:(PNS)
1698:(PDF)
1491:(16).
1481:(PDF)
1176:Notes
1169:Ph.D
1143:Ph.D
1119:Ph.D
1095:Ph.D
1065:Space
1020:Ph.D
996:Ph.D
939:D.Sc.
909:Ph.D
836:Name
689:civil
390:India
1811:link
1804:help
1784:2020
1771:ISBN
1737:2014
1714:2014
1680:2024
1667:ISBN
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1630:ISBN
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882:Ph.D
484:The
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129:The
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1366:^
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324:,
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183:,
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175:,
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