1215:, known for his outspoken views, was reported abducted on 11 May 2023, allegedly due to his criticism of the government and military establishment. His abduction, amidst a backdrop of enforced disappearances in Pakistan, raised concerns about his safety and well-being. Imran Riaz Khan, a prominent figure with over 4.6 million subscribers on YouTube alone, was later recovered in September 2023 after over four months of disappearance. However, he was rearrested on 23 February 2024 in connection with a corruption case.
1164:
390:, told that members of the Establishment included members of the business community; journalists, editors, and media experts; and a few academics and members of think tanks. At times, some foreign ambassadors with particularly close ties to the leadership were de facto members Military officers and civilian bureaucrats above a certain level were potential members. As Hussain notes, the informality of the Establishment ensures that occupying a particular post does not confer membership.
3026:
3418:
2717:
43:
135:, while frequently exerting covert dominance over the political leadership during the remainder. The Establishment in Pakistan includes the key decision-makers in the country's military and intelligence services, national security, as well as its foreign and domestic policies, including the state policies of
1175:
In
Pakistan, many voices have been taken and there have been several protests against the Establishment but these are not shown by Pakistani media channels since they are not allowed by the Establishment. In Pakistan, especially in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, there is a famous slogan
440:-majority region that served as the core territorial conflict hotspot between India and Pakistan, was always an issue for the Establishment, to the extent that it became an integral reason for the existence of Pakistan. Quick reforms and revolutions were considered problematic.
493:. Further building on Ayub Khan-era policies, Kashmir remained important for the Establishment for a variety of reasons; most notably due to its strategic importance to Pakistan. Furthermore, it was seen as a chance for Pakistan to fulfil its vision of its founding, the
1636:
Zia-ul-Haq, however, chose not to abrogate the 1973 Constitution. Rather, Zia's government suspended the operation of the
Constitution and governed directly, through the promulgation of martial law regulations … Between 1977 and 1981 Pakistan did not have legislative
2044:
conviction of
Pakistan's defense establishment that India is fundamentally opposed to Pakistan's existence, rejects the two nation theory, and seeks every opportunity to undo history the two states are thus locked in an existential conflict with no obvious
1360:, Wall Street Journal, 19 August 2019. "... critics of the military say it helped Mr. Khan win the 2018 election, as a new force in Pakistani politics and it is accused of being behind a campaign against the country's two established political parties."
381:
achievements, the most enduring was an informal political system that tied together the senior ranks of the military, the civil service, key members of the judiciary, and other elites. Subsequently dubbed the "Establishment," it resembles a classic
1395:
Zia ul-Haq is often identified as the person most responsible for turning
Pakistan into a global center for political Islam. Undoubtedly, Zia went farthest in defining Pakistan as an Islamic state, and he nurtured the jihadist ideology
1907:
1605:
Operation Fair Play went ahead … as the clock struck midnight ... General Zia that Bhutto along with other political leaders of both the ruling and opposition parties would be taken into what he called 'protective
497:—that of being a "homeland for oppressed Indian Muslims". (Though very few, the number of those in the Establishment who want Pakistan to get out of the Kashmir conflict with India are growing.) Outside of the
1200:, Pakistan's most well-known journalist, spoke against the Establishment many times. Assassination attempts have been made on many journalists who spoke against the Establishment including Mir,
2705:
2752:
1977:, p. 73: "In this Ayub had been egged on by his activist foreign minister, the young Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, who was ambitious, ruthless, and a charter member of the Establishment."
2917:
1279:
2226:
3279:
2487:
3087:
2195:
1441:
2288:
1339:
The civil-military establishment ruled
Supreme for 60 years - from 1947 to 2007 - by crushing or betraying social movements and preventing the development of society.
3015:
2134:
581:
2649:
2164:
757:
1353:
2698:
355:
personnel, military-sponsored think-tanks etc.), with its core members also including civil bureaucrats, politicians, media houses and major economic players.
3077:
2319:
2972:
2683:
2418:
2367:
3218:
3120:
2664:
2453:
3138:
2691:
1242:
2786:
1849:
1238:
777:
1410:
1322:
3387:
2740:
1158:
3317:
3228:
3223:
2037:
2010:
1919:
1890:
1861:
1676:
1629:
1381:
1332:
402:
3092:
2800:
2536:
902:
734:
1531:
61:
53:
1574:
3008:
2510:
569:
557:
1878:
489:
for "aid, ideology, and strategic cooperation"; while at the same time turning its back away from its own shared history with India in
3458:
3284:
2735:
2612:
2000:
545:
2966:
2633:
2577:
2218:
1802:
1770:
1732:
1598:
605:
79:
1555:
424:, and accordingly the Pakistani military was a priority in all affairs of the state. Since Pakistan could not take on India alone,
363:
writer, observed that the civilians involved with the
Establishment, such as politicians and judges, are also very "pro-military".
3305:
3300:
2842:
2721:
1284:
629:
273:
265:
124:
2479:
3483:
3213:
3153:
3130:
2187:
1433:
3478:
3263:
3143:
3108:
3001:
2911:
2771:
2278:
797:
744:
617:
352:
2583:
3488:
3473:
3421:
3148:
2848:
1371:
525:
313:
301:
293:
2126:
513:), and the latter's belief that India did not pose an existential threat, effectively endangering the two-nation theory.
394:
3337:
3113:
3038:
2978:
2777:
1219:
817:
807:
639:
309:
174:
2885:
2156:
3429:
3208:
2854:
2823:
2027:
1350:
659:
2256:
1760:
3468:
3233:
3065:
1139:
1119:
281:
128:
528:, the "establishment" had given him three options to choose from viz: "resignation, no-confidence or elections".
3463:
3342:
3258:
2923:
2792:
681:
649:
593:
502:
2368:"Amidst growing concerns over enforced disappearances, journalist Imran Riaz Khan reported abducted in Pakistan"
2311:
1222:
was formed with the main objective to remove the
Establishment's association with the politics of Pakistan. The
485:
for
Pakistan, chiefly one that it did not share with neighbouring rival India. Accordingly, Pakistan started to
2942:
2934:
2623:
2103:
1701:
1250:
1223:
1190:
767:
666:
289:
225:
136:
2670:
1818:
475:
being less tolerant of
Islamists. Just by surviving, Pakistan and its Establishment would be defeating India.
467:
were slowly tolerated. The
Establishment theoretically tolerated democratic rule and never seriously imposed
3400:
1026:
787:
691:
521:
501:, India as a nation was perceived as an existential threat to Pakistan in every way, particularly after the
456:
2445:
3453:
3433:
3425:
3072:
1264:
398:
348:
297:
253:
158:
131:, the military-dominated Establishment has directly ruled Pakistan for nearly half of its existence since
31:
3055:
3029:
2895:
2890:
1294:
1289:
1163:
1135:
432:, which were seen as role models. Domestically, the military was a role model for the Pakistani people.
344:
321:
285:
120:
428:
were important and essential to the state's survival. Likewise, natural allies included other moderate
1407:
713:
2806:
1129:
1092:
1082:
1046:
1014:
1003:
983:
958:
562:
550:
373:
317:
261:
194:
2094:"PM Imran says 'establishment' gave him three options: resignation, no-confidence vote or elections"
3405:
1419:
696:
622:
478:
463:. The Establishment ensured control over information dissemination through the media and academia.
460:
409:
378:
305:
269:
257:
190:
170:
143:
1196:
Apart from political movements, many journalists have also taken voice against the Establishment.
3373:
3363:
3253:
3192:
2865:
2834:
2643:
1115:
1070:
968:
963:
686:
610:
417:
210:
132:
3025:
1515:
3368:
2763:
2629:
2608:
2573:
2033:
2006:
1915:
1886:
1857:
1798:
1766:
1728:
1672:
1625:
1594:
1523:
1377:
1328:
1269:
1056:
494:
464:
425:
356:
249:
206:
182:
1668:
1662:
1619:
1588:
412:, the Establishment's code and tenants included the following (as outlined in Cohen's book):
3358:
3310:
3185:
2880:
2745:
2098:
997:
750:
676:
498:
387:
368:
229:
221:
154:
2393:
2947:
1559:
1414:
1357:
1212:
1008:
973:
482:
406:
198:
150:
140:
1552:
343:
journalist and scholar, notes that the Establishment is overwhelmingly dominated by the
2875:
2283:
1086:
1066:
336:
248:
The Establishment is notable for its covert interventions and organisation of military
17:
2993:
401:
and the military as well as the convergence of interests in major aspects such as the
3447:
3180:
3175:
2601:
2475:
2419:"Anchorperson Imran Riaz sent to jail in corruption case following late-night arrest"
1227:
1205:
1201:
1180:
946:
932:
598:
574:
510:
472:
444:
277:
178:
166:
162:
127:, and other pro-military government officials and civilians. Responsible for various
98:
1076:
978:
880:
671:
586:
429:
360:
237:
2607:(1. print. ed.). Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
1883:
The Pashtun Question: The Unresolved Key to the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan
1230:
and accuses the Pakistani state of violating the basic human rights of Pashtuns.
397:
power equation has undergone changes, such as increased power sharing between the
189:
policies. Civilian members of the military-dominated Establishment have included:
2567:
1434:"Pakistan begins long-awaited offensive to root out militants from border region"
1189:“ (Those in uniform are behind terrorism). Due to the popularity of the slogan,
216:
The core principles and values of the Establishment are the policies of treating
1246:
1020:
909:
837:
705:
486:
288:
under the claim of restoring law and order in the country as is its role in the
236:, the strategic use of non-state militants, and the formation of alliances with
202:
1274:
1234:
953:
914:
888:
517:
506:
490:
340:
325:
116:
2343:"LHC directs 'all agencies' to work together to find anchorperson Imran Riaz"
1664:
Pakistan's drift into extremism: Allah, the army, and America's war on terror
1527:
1197:
924:
383:
364:
2248:
2716:
842:
832:
421:
233:
186:
112:
1376:. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 131.
1208:
was also abducted and Jan accused the Establishment of abducting him.
937:
437:
433:
149:
In the 2000s, the military establishment later reversed its support of
1694:"COVER STORY: The Army & Democracy: Military Politics in Pakistan"
1097:
1060:
1050:
1033:
919:
2342:
2093:
1693:
1826:
1168:
1162:
468:
452:
448:
413:
217:
2511:"Why are Imran Khan's supporters angry with Pakistan's military?"
2157:"Hunger Strike, Protests in Pak's Balochistan After Quetta Blast"
1123:
481:, a founding member of the Establishment, started looking for a
185:
groups, continuing this reversal of Zia-ul-Haq's aggressive pro-
2997:
2687:
2537:"Imran Khan's arrest has exploded Pakistan's reservoir of rage"
36:
2279:"Pakistan: Journalist critical of military attacked at home"
2188:"The rise of a 'Pashtun Spring': An open letter to Pashtuns"
1725:
The army and democracy : military politics in Pakistan
1587:
Hyman, Anthony; Ghayur, Muhammed; Kaushik, Naresh (1989).
1249:
against the Establishment's strongholds by Khan's party,
2480:"The PTM in Pakistan: Another Bangladesh in the making?"
2219:"The PTM in Pakistan: Another Bangladesh in the making?"
1912:
Pakistan's Democratic Transition: Change and Persistence
1854:
Pakistan's Democratic Transition: Change and Persistence
1461:
1459:
2665:
Terrorists immigration status nationality risk analysis
2572:. University of Michigan: Brookings Institution Press.
1958:
1956:
1954:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
532:
Unofficial Structure of the Establishment of Pakistan
2671:
The Changing Nature of State Sponsorship of Terrorism
1280:
Inter-Services Intelligence activities in Afghanistan
320:
in the country. Due to this imbalance of power, the
3386:
3351:
3330:
3293:
3272:
3246:
3201:
3168:
3129:
3101:
3045:
2956:
2933:
2904:
2864:
2833:
2816:
2762:
2728:
2029:
Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army's Way of War
993:
Pro-establishment Landlords: feudals and Chieftains
2600:
1241:from government in April 2022 and the subsequent
2005:. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House. p. 71.
1848:Ahmad, Ishtiaq; Rafiq, Adnan (3 November 2016).
1762:Military Control in Pakistan: The Parallel State
1324:The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience
27:Deep-state dominance of the military in Pakistan
1819:"Mapping the establishment – by Ayesha Siddiqa"
1795:Pakistan, Islamisation, Army and Foreign Policy
1593:. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications. p. 30.
1178:ye jo dehshatgardi hai, iske peeche wardi hai",
2127:"Pakistan's media forced into self-censorship"
1850:"Mapping the 'Establishment' - Ayesha Siddiqa"
3009:
2699:
220:as an arch-rival and existential threat, the
8:
2753:National Intelligence Coordination Committee
1516:"[Book Review] The Idea of Pakistan"
2446:"Sharif checkmates Pakistani establishment"
1351:Pakistan Extends Powerful Army Chief’s Term
181:pursued a policy of hardline crackdowns on
3348:
3290:
3198:
3098:
3016:
3002:
2994:
2706:
2692:
2684:
2648:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1910:. In Ahmad, Ishtiaq; Rafiq, Adnan (eds.).
1185:
169:and subsequently becoming designated as a
103:
1624:. Stanford University Press. p. 42.
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
2891:Pakistan Coast Guards Field Intelligence
2032:. Oxford University Press. p. 173.
1914:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 31–33.
1908:"Pakistan's third democratic transition"
1618:Dossani, Rafiq; Rowen, Henry S. (2005).
1570:
1568:
1327:. Oxford University Press. p. 586.
530:
2984:Protection of Pakistan Ordinance (2014)
2068:
1747:
1501:
1313:
1186:یہ جو دہشت گردی ہے، اس کے پیچھے وردی ہے
3088:Cabinet Committee on National Security
3082:National Assembly Committee on Defence
2641:
1159:Criticism of the Pakistan Armed Forces
2603:Pakistan: Between mosque and military
2080:
2056:
1986:
1974:
1962:
1945:
1648:
1489:
1477:
1465:
1373:Pakistan: between mosque and military
1253:which led to a crackdown against it.
465:Radical and/or violent Islamic groups
244:Reinforcement of deep-state dominance
177:. Furthermore, in the 2010s, General
7:
2801:National Counter Terrorism Authority
2490:from the original on 13 January 2019
2456:from the original on 29 October 2020
2312:"Pakistan's Press Enters a Dark Era"
1700:. Dawn Newspapers. Dawn Newspapers.
1534:from the original on 5 December 2019
1417:, by Pervez Musharraf, 1 June 2004,
139:during the military dictatorship of
2881:Pakistan Rangers Intelligence Wings
2586:from the original on 5 January 2024
1877:Siddique, Abubakar (15 June 2014).
1704:from the original on 16 August 2017
1408:"A Plea for Enlightened Moderation"
1204:, and others. Prominent journalist
1184:
788:Establishment Secretary of Pakistan
324:has faced allegations of acting as
102:
2896:Frontier Constabulary Intelligence
2229:from the original on 27 March 2022
2217:Siddiqui, Taha (13 January 2019).
2106:from the original on 10 April 2022
1906:Ahmad, Ishtiaq (3 November 2016).
1692:Javid, Hassan (23 November 2014).
1553:Pakistan Constitutional Beginnings
1444:from the original on 5 August 2020
52:tone or style may not reflect the
25:
2918:DG Intelligence and Investigation
2876:Frontier Corps Field Intelligence
2322:from the original on 27 June 2021
2310:Kugelman, Michael (3 June 2021).
2291:from the original on 21 June 2021
2259:from the original on 27 June 2021
2198:from the original on 27 June 2021
2186:Adeed, Farah (24 December 2018).
2167:from the original on 27 June 2021
2137:from the original on 27 June 2021
1856:. Routledge. pp. Chapter 3.
1825:. 15 January 2010. Archived from
1621:Prospects for Peace in South Asia
264:. It also organised the coups of
3417:
3416:
3024:
2722:Pakistani Intelligence Community
2715:
2253:Committee to Protect Journalists
2002:International Economic Relations
1285:Separatist movements of Pakistan
1171:attended by thousands of people.
1167:Anti-establishment powershow in
516:On 1 April 2022, Prime Minister
403:China–Pakistan Economic Corridor
256:, and was reportedly behind the
125:Pakistani intelligence community
62:guide to writing better articles
41:
2444:Zafar, Imad (26 October 2020).
2125:Paley, Sofia (22 August 2019).
1211:Another well-known journalist,
332:Characteristics and composition
280:has been involved in enforcing
161:, leading Pakistan to join the
3264:Strategic Plans Division Force
2912:National Accountability Bureau
2535:Khuhro, Zarrar (11 May 2023).
1793:Chengappa, Bidanda M. (2004).
1321:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2015).
828:Pro-establishment Media Houses
798:Interior Secretary of Pakistan
1:
2509:Hussain, Abid (12 May 2023).
1885:. Hurst. pp. Chapter 6.
1879:"The Military's Pashtun Wars"
1514:Baloch, Qadar Bakhsh (2006).
818:Foreign Secretary of Pakistan
808:Defence Secretary of Pakistan
520:announced that in context of
238:other Muslim-majority nations
3039:Military history of Pakistan
2787:Counter Terrorism Department
2778:Federal Investigation Agency
1727:. Harvard University Press.
1575:declassified US Intelligence
1220:Pakistan Democratic Movement
487:look towards the Middle East
286:elected civilian governments
3078:Senate Committee on Defence
2886:GB Scouts Intelligence Wing
2824:Inter-Services Intelligence
2677:. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
2394:"Imran Riaz Khan - YouTube"
2341:Bilal, Rana (26 May 2023).
2026:Fair, C. Christine (2014).
1432:Boone, Jon (15 June 2014).
1245:in the country, there were
822:Muhammad Syrus Sajjad Qazi
812:Lt Gen (R) Hamood-uz-Zaman
778:Chief Election Commissioner
258:1953–54 Constitutional Coup
3505:
3338:Pakistani Defence Industry
3224:National Command Authority
3066:Prime Minister of Pakistan
2566:Cohen, Stephen F. (2004).
1562:PAKISTAN – A Country Study
1156:
1140:All Pakistan Ulema Council
772:Malik Amjed Zubair Tiwana
718:Akhtar Hayat Khan Gandapur
692:IG Gilgit-Baltistan Police
661:Police Service of Pakistan
453:People's Republic of China
347:(i.e. serving and retired
29:
3459:State-sponsored terrorism
3414:
3343:Defence Housing Authority
3093:National Security Council
3036:
2924:Financial Monitoring Unit
2736:National Security Council
1590:Pakistan, Zia and After--
594:Chief Justice of Pakistan
345:Pakistani military forces
2935:Intelligence measurement
2599:Haqqani, Husain (2005).
1667:. M.E. Sharpe. pp.
1558:11 November 2019 at the
1413:25 February 2020 at the
1370:Ḥaqqānī, Husain (2005).
1251:Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
1224:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
1191:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
1132:(Makhdoom Pir of Multan)
611:Zaheer Ahmed Babar Sidhu
558:Joint Staff Headquarters
386:. Pakistani politician,
290:Constitution of Pakistan
226:Islamization of Pakistan
30:Not to be confused with
2807:ANF Intelligence Branch
1999:Murthy, Gautam (2008).
1356:19 October 2019 at the
1237:was arrested after his
1218:In September 2020, the
1027:Muhammad Bux Khan Mahar
898:Business conglomerates:
405:. During the tenure of
292:. It has dismissed the
137:aggressive Islamization
56:used on Knowledge (XXG)
18:Pakistani establishment
3484:Government of Pakistan
3280:Awards and decorations
1265:Establishment Division
1226:openly criticises the
1172:
697:IG Azad Kashmir Police
459:) was a driver of the
308:, and maintains wider
159:enlightened moderation
109:military establishment
60:See Knowledge (XXG)'s
32:Establishment Division
3479:Political terminology
3131:Joint Chiefs of Staff
3056:President of Pakistan
3030:Pakistan Armed Forces
2963:Ordinance VIII (1948)
2843:Military Intelligence
1759:Aziz, Mazhar (2007).
1661:Hassan Abbas (2005).
1295:Terrorism in Pakistan
1290:Criticism of Pakistan
1166:
782:Sikander Sultan Raja
762:Muhammad Saleem Baig
687:IG Balochistan Police
443:Foreign aid from the
121:Pakistan Armed Forces
3489:Military of Pakistan
3474:Politics of Pakistan
3154:Chief of Naval Staff
2957:Intelligence reforms
2622:Khan, Reham (2018).
2569:The idea of Pakistan
2192:Global Village Space
1247:large-scale protests
1130:Shah Mehmood Qureshi
1036:(thousand of acres )
1029:(thousands of acres)
1023:(thousands of acres)
1017:(thousands of acres)
1015:Ghulam Murtaza Jatoi
1004:Muhammad Mian Soomro
984:Shahid Khaqan Abbasi
959:Anwar Saifullah Khan
570:Chief of Naval Staff
563:Sahir Shamshad Mirza
522:no-confidence motion
374:The Idea of Pakistan
367:political scientist
326:state within a state
262:Dominion of Pakistan
232:as the heartland of
195:Sahabzada Yaqub Khan
133:its creation in 1947
115:which refers to the
111:, is a term used in
3406:Bangladesh genocide
3374:Shaheen (Air Force)
3144:Chief of Army Staff
3052:Commander-in-Chief
2772:Intelligence Bureau
2625:Reham Khan (memoir)
2478:(13 January 2018).
2131:Index on Censorship
1723:Aqil, Shah (1973).
1420:The Washington Post
739:Rai Muhammad Tahir
721:Abdul Khaliq Shaikh
710:Raja Riffat Mukhtar
677:IG Islamabad Police
654:Lubna Farooq Malik
644:Mohsin Hassan Butt
546:Chief of Army Staff
533:
524:against him in the
505:of Muslim-majority
479:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
399:civilian government
318:political interests
306:Pakistan's creation
254:civilian government
191:Sharifuddin Pirzada
175:Bush administration
171:major non-NATO ally
144:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
119:cooperation of the
3331:Business interests
3294:Ranks and insignia
3254:Civil Armed Forces
3149:Chief of Air Staff
3121:Defence Production
2866:Civil Armed Forces
2849:Naval Intelligence
2669:Daniel L. Byman. "
2425:. 23 February 2024
1829:on 5 November 2019
1797:. APH Publishing.
1193:(PTM) adopted it.
1173:
964:Abdul Razak Dawood
802:Azam Suleman Khan
792:Inamullah Dharejo
724:Afzal Mehmood Butt
606:Chief of Air Staff
531:
426:military alliances
418:existential threat
371:says in his book,
322:Pakistani military
294:legislative branch
211:Zafar Ahmed Ansari
3469:Political science
3441:
3440:
3382:
3381:
3326:
3325:
3242:
3241:
3234:Armed Forces Band
3164:
3163:
2991:
2990:
2249:"Am I a traitor?"
2163:. 14 April 2019.
2039:978-0-19-989270-9
2012:978-81-7835-615-0
1921:978-1-317-23595-8
1892:978-1-84904-499-8
1863:978-1-317-23594-1
1678:978-0-7656-1496-4
1631:978-0-8047-5085-1
1468:, pp. 68–70.
1383:978-0-87003-214-1
1334:978-0-19-023518-5
1270:The Establishment
1150:
1149:
969:Aqeel Karim Dedhi
727:Amir Ahmed Sheikh
526:National Assembly
495:two-nation theory
357:Abubakar Siddique
207:Ghulam Ishaq Khan
183:Islamist militant
107:), also known as
95:The Establishment
90:
89:
82:
54:encyclopedic tone
16:(Redirected from
3496:
3464:Military science
3420:
3419:
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3291:
3214:Public Relations
3199:
3099:
3062:Chief Executive
3028:
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3004:
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2855:Air Intelligence
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2102:. 1 April 2022.
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1243:political crisis
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1021:Asad Khan Junejo
998:Asif Ali Zardari
751:Nazir Ahmed Butt
714:Akbar Nasir Khan
667:IG Punjab Police
534:
499:Kashmir conflict
388:Mushahid Hussain
155:Pervez Musharraf
106:
105:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
64:for suggestions.
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2948:Strategic depth
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2287:. 26 May 2021.
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1300:
1299:
1259:
1213:Imran Riaz Khan
1161:
1155:
1071:Peshawar Valley
1009:Jehangir Tareen
974:Jahangir Tareen
672:IG Sindh Police
451:, and then the
393:Over time, the
334:
246:
222:Kashmir dispute
151:political Islam
86:
75:
69:
66:
59:
50:This article's
46:
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3259:National Guard
3256:
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3202:Inter-Services
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2793:Special Branch
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2659:External links
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2614:978-0870032141
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2316:Foreign Policy
2302:
2284:Deutsche Welle
2270:
2255:. 8 May 2014.
2240:
2209:
2178:
2148:
2117:
2085:
2083:, p. 282.
2073:
2061:
2059:, p. 121.
2049:
2038:
2018:
2011:
1991:
1989:, p. 170.
1979:
1967:
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1492:, p. 146.
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1157:Main article:
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1079:(Halani Sindh)
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758:Chairman PEMRA
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623:Fuad Asadullah
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541:
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503:1971 secession
430:Islamic states
416:was the main,
395:civil–military
337:Ayesha Siddiqa
333:
330:
245:
242:
228:, maintaining
157:, who pursued
153:under General
129:military coups
88:
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49:
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40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3454:War on terror
3452:
3451:
3449:
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3431:
3427:
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3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3396:Establishment
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3369:Bahria (Navy)
3367:
3365:
3364:Askari (Army)
3362:
3360:
3359:Fauji (Joint)
3357:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3339:
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3333:
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2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:Threat Matrix
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2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
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2675:Brookings.edu
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2635:9789353023225
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2597:
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2581:
2579:9780815715023
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2531:
2528:
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2489:
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2477:
2476:Taha Siddiqui
2471:
2468:
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2447:
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2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2399:
2395:
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2386:
2374:. 11 May 2023
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2223:aljazeera.com
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2100:
2095:
2089:
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2077:
2074:
2071:, p. 15.
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2022:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1980:
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1971:
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1965:, p. 72.
1964:
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1804:9788176485487
1800:
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1789:
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1774:
1772:9781134074099
1768:
1765:. Routledge.
1764:
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1734:9780674728936
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1638:
1637:institutions.
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1614:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1600:81-7017-253-5
1596:
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1517:
1510:
1507:
1504:, p. 25.
1503:
1498:
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1480:, p. 85.
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3247:Paramilitary
3209:Intelligence
2869:Intelligence
2680:
2674:
2628:. Pakistan.
2624:
2602:
2590:17 September
2588:. Retrieved
2568:
2559:Bibliography
2544:. Retrieved
2540:
2530:
2518:. Retrieved
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2108:. Retrieved
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2069:Haqqani 2005
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2028:
2021:
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1994:
1982:
1970:
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1901:
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1831:. Retrieved
1827:the original
1822:
1813:
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1788:
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1748:Haqqani 2005
1743:
1724:
1718:
1706:. Retrieved
1697:
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1620:
1613:
1604:
1589:
1582:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1520:The Dialogue
1519:
1509:
1502:Haqqani 2005
1497:
1485:
1473:
1448:17 September
1446:. Retrieved
1438:The Guardian
1437:
1427:
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1403:
1394:
1387:. Retrieved
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1177:
1174:
1109:
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1103:
1098:dewan Bhatti
1093:Khalid Magsi
1040:
1039:
1000:(8000 acres)
992:
979:Nawaz Sharif
920:Descon Group
897:
881:Salman Iqbal
847:Express News
827:
768:Chairman FBR
745:Chairman NAB
682:IG KP Police
660:
587:Nadeem Anjum
537:Institution
515:
483:new identity
477:
442:
392:
372:
335:
252:against the
247:
215:
148:
108:
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70:January 2021
67:
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3352:Foundations
2973:SuRC Report
2045:resolution.
1522:: 136–137.
1122:and Pir of
1118:(Leader of
1105:Chieftains:
910:Bahria Town
749:Lt Gen (R)
706:Usman Anwar
634:Wajid Aziz
361:Bangladeshi
300:a total of
282:martial law
203:A. K. Brohi
3448:Categories
3422:Categories
3073:Parliament
3046:Leadership
2967:HRC Report
2541:Al Jazeera
2515:Al Jazeera
2494:13 January
2484:Al Jazeera
2460:26 October
2450:Asia Times
2081:Cohen 2004
2057:Cohen 2004
1987:Cohen 2004
1975:Cohen 2004
1963:Cohen 2004
1946:Cohen 2004
1833:8 December
1649:Cohen 2004
1538:6 December
1490:Cohen 2004
1478:Cohen 2004
1466:Cohen 2004
1303:References
1275:Deep state
1235:Imran Khan
1116:Pir Pagaro
954:Malik Riaz
915:Saif Group
889:Aleem Khan
865:Capital TV
850:Dunya News
843:Samaa News
551:Asim Munir
540:Executive
518:Imran Khan
509:(formerly
507:Bangladesh
491:South Asia
457:after 1963
310:commercial
302:four times
298:parliament
199:Tariq Azim
117:deep state
104:اسٹیبلشمنٹ
3430:Air Force
3388:Criticism
3318:Air Force
3273:Personnel
3193:Air Force
3114:Secretary
3102:Ministers
2979:AC Report
2729:Executive
2673:" (PDF).
2644:cite book
2546:8 January
2520:8 January
2429:8 January
2378:8 January
1778:16 August
1708:16 August
1606:custody'.
1528:1819-6470
1308:Citations
1198:Hamid Mir
1153:Criticism
1077:Makhdooms
1047:Makhdooms
929:JWD Group
925:AKD Group
410:Ayub Khan
384:oligarchy
341:Pakistani
3169:Services
3139:Chairman
2905:Economic
2817:External
2764:Internal
2584:Archived
2488:Archived
2454:Archived
2347:DAWN.COM
2320:Archived
2289:Archived
2257:Archived
2233:27 March
2227:Archived
2196:Archived
2165:Archived
2161:TheQuint
2135:Archived
2104:Archived
1702:Archived
1698:DAWN.COM
1556:Archived
1532:Archived
1442:Archived
1411:Archived
1354:Archived
1257:See also
1100:(lalian)
1067:Khattaks
1057:Gillanis
1041:Feudals:
938:Air Blue
838:Bol News
833:Ary News
599:Faez Isa
422:Pakistan
365:American
349:officers
284:against
234:Pakistan
187:Islamist
113:Pakistan
3311:Marines
3186:Marines
3109:Defence
2835:Defence
2803:(NACTA)
2783:Police
2403:8 March
2352:8 March
2326:27 June
2295:27 June
2263:27 June
2202:27 June
2171:27 June
2141:27 June
2110:1 April
1239:removal
1110:Clergy:
871:City 32
868:City 41
862:92 News
859:Suno TV
461:economy
434:Kashmir
407:General
314:foreign
260:in the
173:by the
141:General
2981:(2013)
2975:(1992)
2969:(1974)
2920:(DGII)
2755:(NICC)
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640:DG FIA
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316:, and
304:since
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272:, and
230:Punjab
123:, the
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1669:16–40
1169:Bannu
1120:PML-F
735:NACTA
630:DG MI
618:DG IB
469:Islam
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414:India
250:coups
218:India
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3426:Army
3306:Navy
3301:Army
3181:Navy
3176:Army
2857:(AI)
2851:(NI)
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2795:(SB)
2774:(IB)
2650:link
2630:ISBN
2609:ISBN
2592:2020
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2265:2021
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2173:2021
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1858:ISBN
1835:2019
1823:LUBP
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1767:ISBN
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