307:
42:
896:
770:/hour) around the spent fuel pond and the pool containing the cleaning machine, and the water level dropped for a short time, by about 7 cm (2.8 in). Water samples from the pond showed contamination due to damaged fuel rods. The lid on the cleaning machine was winched up at 04:20, but one of the three lifting cables attached to it broke; and it was not finally removed until 16 April.
910:
924:
299:
777:
rating of 2 ("incident"). However a video examination of the damaged fuel elements following the successful removal of the lid caused the rating to be raised to 3 ("serious incident"). This revealed that cladding on the majority of the 30 fuel elements had been broken, with radioactive spent uranium
758:
being deposited on the fuel elements which affected the flow of coolant. The sixth set of thirty partially spent elements were in the tank having been cleaned, the cleaning having finished at 16:00. At 21:50, radiation alarms mounted on the cleaning system detected a sudden increase in the amount of
831:
The discharge of radioactive gases through the stack continued for several days after the incident, although the
Hungarian Atomic Energy Agency determined that the radiation levels adjacent to the plant were only about 10% above normal. However, the reactor remained out of service for over a year,
883:
On the morning of 14 July 2016 reactor 1 was automatically shut down due to an equipment malfunction, which did not pose any safety threat. The reactor was brought back to full capacity the afternoon of the following day with the malfunction to be reviewed by the national regulator. The shut down
746:
level 3 event ("serious incident") occurred on 10 April 2003 at the Unit 2 reactor. The incident occurred in the fuel rod cleaning system located under 10 metres (33 ft) of water in a cleaning tank next to the spent fuel cooling pond, located adjacent to the reactor in the reactor hall. The
541:
Zrt. (Paks II Ltd.) reported on their website that the preparation of the construction site has started including more than 80 service buildings. On 30 June 2020 the application for the construction license has been submitted to the
Hungarian nuclear regulatory authority. On 26 August 2022, the
414:
In 2000, the Paks
Nuclear Power Plant commissioned a feasibility study which concluded that the plant may remain in operation for another 20 years beyond the original 30-year design lifetime. The study was updated in 2005 with similar conclusions. In November 2005, Hungary's Parliament passed a
415:
resolution with overwhelming bipartisan majority to support the lifetime extension. The feasibility study concluded that the non-replaceable parts are in sufficient condition to remain in operation for another 20 years while a minority of replaceable parts needed replacement or refurbishment.
817:. However the cooling was inadequate, leading to the damage to some elements through a build-up of steam around them, depriving them of most of their cooling. The investigation proposed that the severe damage probably occurred when the lid was released, causing
874:
Malfunctions (operational events) below the
International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) are published quarterly by the MVM Paks Nuclear Power Plant. According to IAEA, these mean no risk, yet a part of these resulted in partial or complete block shutdowns.
483:
ranked Paks expansion as a "high priority project of the national economy", in this context established a committee (Nuclear Power
Governmental Committee) for preparation of the factual steps. The Nuclear Power Governmental Committee is headed by
425:
in March 2011, Hungary's government said it would conduct a stress test on the Paks
Nuclear Power Plant to assess safety, but it would not abandon plans for lifetime extension and it would also go ahead with plans for its expansion.
865:
On 6 September 2012, scheduled work was done on a gate, but the required written instructions were not completed in time. This is an administrative mismatch and was classified as 1 in the
International Nuclear Event Scale (INES).
452:
upgrades, it was possible to safely increase the output power of the Unit 4 reactor to 500 MWe in 2006, followed by Unit 1 in 2007. With upgrades to the remaining two units the plant's power generation reached 2000 MWe in 2009.
843:
On 9 April 2005, Unit 1 was shut down for planned maintenance. The defect that occurred during the cooling of the block was classified as INES grade 1 (abnormality), although the power plant originally requested a zero rating.
856:
was dropped when the wire rope holding it broke during an outage on 4 May 2009. The event was rated as INES 2. All staff were safely evacuated, and no member was exposed to more than the permitted daily radiation dose.
778:
fuel pellets spilling from the elements into the bottom of the cleaning tank. Apart from the release of radioactive material, a concern was that the accumulation of a compact mass of fuel pellets could lead to a
1845:
828:
Company. The agency did not investigate documentation provided by the company deeply enough, missing a fatal design flaw in the
Framatome-designed, produced, and operated cleaning equipment.
763:. The suspicion was that one of the fuel rod assemblies was leaking. At 22:30, the reactor hall was evacuated because of elevated radiation levels both there and in the ventilation stack.
1183:
1840:
750:
The cleaning system had been installed to remove dirt and corrosion from fuel elements and control rods during shutdown, as there had previously been problems with
1850:
824:
One of the interesting results of the investigation was that the
Hungarian Atomic Agency had placed too much trust in the technology and knowledge of the French
429:
Unit 1 was granted a license-extension to 2032 in 2012, unit 2 to 2034 in 2014, and unit 3 to 2036 in 2016. Unit 4 got its license extended till 2037 in 2017.
1590:"Report to the Chairman of the Hungarian Atomic Energy Commission on the Authority investigation of the incident at Paks Nuclear Power Plant on 10 April 2003"
361:. The number following VVER, in this case 440, represents the power output of the original design. The VVER-440 Model V213 was a product of the first uniform
1855:
465:
gave its principal consent by votes 330 for, 6 against and 10 abstentions to the preparation works of the possible new units. On 26 February 2010 the owner
1651:
1835:
1125:
766:
At 02:15 the following morning, the hydraulic lock of the cleaning vessel lid was released, and immediately the dose rate increased significantly (6-12
81:
809:
concluded that the cause of the incident was inadequate cooling of the fuel elements, which were heated due to the radioactive decay of short-lived
418:
The power generator made repeated surveys of public opinion on the lifetime extension and concluded that support for the decision hovered near 70%.
376:
fuel. Fuel takes on average three years to be used (or "burned") in the reactors; after this the fuel rods are stored for five years in an adjacent
1474:
1187:
1860:
853:
1625:
1209:
1708:
1008:
279:
774:
743:
1323:
1550:
1669:
1500:
1452:
403:
1525:
1231:
1301:
1157:
1081:
755:
1371:
1059:
531:
in May 2017, responsible for the planning, construction and commissioning of the two new blocks at Paks
Nuclear Power Plant.
1589:
1414:"The construction of the first facilities of the construction and erection base of Paks II. Nuclear Power Plant has started"
1257:
542:
regulator issued the license, and construction was expected to start within a few weeks, with completion planned for 2032.
1103:
422:
462:
747:
reactor had been shut down for its annual refueling and maintenance period on 28 March and its fuel elements removed.
806:
524:
962:
1786:
1279:
942:
929:
835:
The damaged fuel was completely removed by the end of 2006 and in 2014 transported to Russia for final disposal.
579:
528:
358:
1655:
1132:
507:(Rosatom chairman) on 14 January 2014 Paks Nuclear Power Plant will be expanded by the Russian state company
395:
1394:
306:
519:
reactors was planned to start in 2019. On 6 March 2017, the European Commission announced its approval.
343:
129:
884:
came one week after a separate malfunction of a generator forced the plant to reduce its power output.
821:
to cladding because of the sudden entry of cool water into the system, and explosive steam production.
779:
480:
1346:"State Aid: Commission clears investment in construction of Paks II nuclear power plant in Hungary"
500:
493:
366:
346:
in Hungary. In 2019, its four reactors produced more than 50% of Hungary's electricity production.
1734:
496:(National Developmental Minister). As of 2016, Hungary is said to import 30% of its electricity.
319:
219:
1629:
1597:
Technical Support Centre (TPC), Hungarian Ministry of the Economy, Labour and Entrepreneurship
937:
783:
1760:
1413:
504:
473:
520:
41:
1012:
810:
377:
373:
232:
175:
975:
489:
485:
1345:
1561:
901:
365:
drawn up by the Soviet designers. This model includes added emergency core cooling and
362:
242:
515:
credit line from Russia. Subject to European Commission approval, construction of two
1829:
915:
818:
466:
1161:
449:
388:
339:
1600:
1526:"Nuclear Power in Hungary | Hungarian Nuclear Energy - World Nuclear Association"
1815:
1126:"Core monitoring system modernization at Paks NPP to serve unit power uprating"
790:
was added into the tank to raise its concentration to 16 g/kg to prevent this.
891:
814:
799:
787:
760:
387:. A few shares are held by local municipalities, while a voting preference or
1184:"CEO says construction of new blocks at Paks could be completed by 2020-2025"
1009:"Paks Nuclear Power Plant website (English version) - Service life extension"
96:
83:
909:
825:
795:
751:
681:
516:
469:
384:
142:
1683:
1438:
511:. Eighty percent of the project's cost will be financed with a 10 billion
1034:
589:
335:
225:
288:
1501:"Hungary expects Paks II by 2032, plans fresh Paks operating extension"
1158:"Paks Nuclear Power Plant website (English version) - Capacity upgrade"
791:
767:
508:
331:
248:
59:
17:
832:
finally resuming commercial electricity production in September 2004.
1475:"Hungary approves construction of two Russian-built nuclear reactors"
798:
were also added to the water to help with the removal of radioactive
437:
399:
383:
The power plant is nearly 100% owned by state-owned power wholesaler
1372:"Letette az esküt Süli János, a paksi bővítésért felelős miniszter"
987:
1820:
305:
297:
1439:""Росатом" ожидает получить лицензию на АЭС "Пакш-2" в 2021 году"
1670:"Ten years after incident, Paks fuel rods transported to Russia"
965:. World Nuclear Association. World Nuclear News. 26 August 2022.
583:
512:
433:
354:
327:
298:
165:
69:
326:) is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the small town of
1599:. Hungarian Atomic Energy Agency. 23 May 2003. Archived from
1302:"Paks II building work to start soon, says Russian president"
534:
The contract with Rosatom will not be revealed for 30 years.
1684:"Paks: csak a vakszerencsén múlott, hogy nem lett Csernobil"
1258:"It's official: Rosatom backs plans to double Paks capacity"
1186:. Budapest Business Journal. 8 February 2010. Archived from
870:
Incidents below the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES)
264:
380:
before being removed from the site for permanent disposal.
369:
systems as well as upgraded accident localization systems.
1453:"Hungary's Paks II project receives construction approval"
813:. These were kept cool by water circulated by a submerged
523:, former CEO of the nuclear power station, was appointed
1709:"Outage Incident At Hungary's Paks-4 Rated INES Level 2"
1846:
Nuclear power stations using pressurized water reactors
976:
http://www.atomeromu.hu/en/AboutUs/Lapok/1default.aspx
1104:"Alstom to retrofit generators at Paks nuclear plant"
988:"Paks Nuclear Power Plant website (English version)"
275:
259:
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241:
231:
218:
181:
171:
161:
156:
148:
138:
128:
120:
112:
75:
65:
55:
34:
1816:Paks Nuclear Power Plant website (English version)
1787:"Paks block re-starts after malfunction corrected"
1324:"Hungary hopeful of Paks II approval within weeks"
1106:. Nuclear Engineering International. 7 August 2013
372:Each reactor contains 42 tons of lightly enriched
503:(National Developmental Minister of Hungary) and
1626:"PAKS Nuclear Power Plant press release archive"
1395:"Toward a Putinization of France? • desk russie"
1280:"Varga: Cheapest credit line for Paks necessary"
1210:"Paks expansion became a high priority project"
1584:
1582:
1054:
1052:
8:
1282:. Budapest Business Journal. 15 January 2014
1260:. Budapest Business Journal. 15 January 2014
472:decided the expansion with about 2 trillion
1652:"Removal of damaged fuel completed at Paks"
1232:"Hungary's nuke deal puts Vestager on spot"
1082:"Paks 3 operating licence extended to 2036"
448:Thanks to optimizations, modernization and
1841:Nuclear power stations using VVER reactors
786:water. Water containing neutron absorbing
31:
1551:"Nuclear safety review for the year 2003"
1060:"Paks unit 2 gets 20-year life extension"
963:"Construction licence issued for Paks II"
549:
436:power generators were to be serviced by
1326:. World Nuclear News. 20 September 2016
1304:. World Nuclear News. 20 September 2018
954:
280:Related media on Commons
1455:. World Nuclear News. 23 November 2020
1062:. World Nuclear News. 27 November 2014
488:(Prime Minister) and has two members;
1851:Government-owned companies of Hungary
1735:"Rendellenesség a paksi atomerőműben"
1520:
1518:
499:According to the agreement signed by
440:once per year between 2013 and 2021.
391:is held by the Hungarian government.
342:. It is the first and only operating
7:
1821:Paks NPP website (Hungarian version)
1503:. World Nuclear News. 9 January 2023
1084:. World Nuclear News. 6 January 2017
854:Self Powered Neutron Detector (SPND)
773:The incident was initially given an
782:, as the pellets were in a tank of
492:(Minister of National Economy) and
1558:International Atomic Energy Agency
25:
1836:Nuclear power stations in Hungary
1393:Thom, Françoise (24 June 2024).
922:
908:
894:
357:is the Soviet designation for a
157:Nuclear power station
40:
406:project was abandoned in 1990.
1856:Hungary–Soviet Union relations
807:Hungarian Atomic Energy Agency
27:Nuclear power plant in Hungary
1:
1560:. August 2003. Archived from
1212:. Napi Gazdaság. 12 June 2012
848:2009 outage incident (INES 2)
423:Fukushima I nuclear accidents
404:Żarnowiec Nuclear Power Plant
754:corrosion products from the
733:Major incidents (INES >0)
463:National Assembly of Hungary
243:Annual net output
1877:
1131:. May 2007. Archived from
525:Minister without Portfolio
943:Nuclear energy in Hungary
930:Nuclear technology portal
359:pressurized water reactor
285:
190:
186:
51:
39:
1861:Hungary–Russia relations
805:An investigation by the
316:Paks Nuclear Power Plant
203:Make and model
46:Paks Nuclear Power Plant
35:Paks Nuclear Power Plant
396:reactor pressure vessel
220:Nameplate capacity
121:Construction began
861:2012 incident (INES 1)
839:2005 incident (INES 1)
738:2003 incident (INES 3)
529:Third Orbán Government
323:
311:
303:
195:Units operational
1530:www.world-nuclear.org
1481:. AFP. 26 August 2022
461:On 30 March 2009 the
385:Magyar Villamos Művek
344:nuclear power station
338:on the shores of the
334:, 100km southwest of
309:
301:
182:Power generation
172:Reactor supplier
97:46.57250°N 18.85417°E
1791:dailynewshungary.com
1606:on 27 September 2007
1374:. 444.hu. 2 May 2017
780:criticality accident
537:On 20 June 2019 the
481:Hungarian government
479:On 18 June 2012 the
350:Technical parameters
233:Capacity factor
152:Paksi Atomerőmű Zrt.
130:Commission date
657:PWR / VVER-440/V213
634:PWR / VVER-440/V213
611:PWR / VVER-440/V213
367:auxiliary feedwater
363:safety requirements
255:External links
93: /
1658:on 26 August 2014.
1238:. 22 November 2016
1190:on 16 January 2014
1015:on 29 January 2010
784:neutron moderating
565:Construction start
562:Gross el. capacity
410:Lifetime extension
312:
304:
211:Units planned
102:46.57250; 18.85417
1412:Mittler, István.
1138:on 4 October 2011
1035:"Paks nem zár be"
938:Energy in Hungary
725:
724:
646:28 September 1986
474:Hungarian Forints
457:New nuclear units
296:
295:
214:2 x 1,200 MW
162:Reactor type
16:(Redirected from
1868:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1765:www.atomeromu.hu
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1705:
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1696:
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1674:
1673:
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1660:
1659:
1654:. Archived from
1648:
1642:
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1639:
1637:
1628:. Archived from
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1605:
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1399:desk-russie.info
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1206:
1200:
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1197:
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1180:
1174:
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1164:on 23 March 2010
1160:. Archived from
1154:
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1137:
1130:
1122:
1116:
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1011:. Archived from
1005:
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984:
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973:
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959:
932:
927:
926:
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913:
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904:
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898:
897:
811:fission products
756:steam generators
623:6 September 1984
600:28 December 1982
571:License expires
559:Net el. capacity
550:
505:Sergey Kiriyenko
501:Zsuzsanna Németh
494:Zsuzsanna Németh
398:was bought from
289:edit on Wikidata
271:
268:
266:
134:28 December 1982
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107:
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1632:on 21 July 2011
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1038:
1037:. 17 March 2011
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914:
907:
900:
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893:
890:
881:
872:
863:
850:
841:
740:
735:
730:
706:PWR / VVER-1200
548:
459:
446:
412:
374:uranium dioxide
352:
324:Paksi atomerőmű
292:
263:
198:4 x 500 MW
176:Atomstroyexport
101:
99:
95:
92:
87:
84:
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47:
28:
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22:
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1811:
1810:External links
1808:
1805:
1804:
1793:. 16 July 2016
1778:
1767:(in Hungarian)
1752:
1741:(in Hungarian)
1726:
1700:
1675:
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1441:. 6 July 2020.
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1352:. 6 March 2017
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902:Hungary portal
889:
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846:
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837:
739:
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723:
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719:
718:2032 (planned)
716:
715:2025 (planned)
713:
710:
707:
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700:
699:
696:
695:2032 (planned)
693:
692:2025 (planned)
690:
687:
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670:
669:16 August 1987
667:
666:1 October 1979
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643:1 October 1979
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547:
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444:Power uprating
442:
421:Following the
411:
408:
394:One brand-new
389:"golden" share
351:
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584:VVER-440/V213
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1795:. Retrieved
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1769:. Retrieved
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1743:. Retrieved
1738:
1729:
1717:. Retrieved
1715:. 6 May 2009
1712:
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1691:. Retrieved
1687:
1678:
1664:
1656:the original
1646:
1634:. Retrieved
1630:the original
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1608:. Retrieved
1601:the original
1596:
1569:. Retrieved
1562:the original
1557:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1529:
1505:. Retrieved
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1479:The Guardian
1478:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1447:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1418:Paks II. Zrt
1417:
1407:
1398:
1388:
1378:29 September
1376:. Retrieved
1366:
1354:. Retrieved
1349:
1340:
1330:30 September
1328:. Retrieved
1318:
1308:22 September
1306:. Retrieved
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1274:
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1240:. Retrieved
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1214:. Retrieved
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:the original
1178:
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1162:the original
1152:
1140:. Retrieved
1133:the original
1120:
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1098:
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1029:
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1013:the original
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991:. Retrieved
982:
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864:
851:
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823:
804:
772:
765:
749:
741:
556:Type / Model
546:Reactor data
538:
536:
533:
498:
490:Mihály Varga
486:Viktor Orbán
478:
460:
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431:
428:
420:
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382:
378:cooling pond
371:
353:
340:Danube river
315:
313:
310:Control room
29:
1459:23 November
1242:23 November
1066:27 November
149:Operator(s)
116:Operational
100: /
76:Coordinates
1830:Categories
1761:"Kezdőlap"
1739:alfahir.hu
1535:17 January
1507:10 January
1286:15 January
1264:15 January
1216:15 January
1194:15 January
949:References
815:water pump
800:iodine-131
788:boric acid
761:krypton-85
521:János Süli
402:after the
330:, central
88:18°51′15″E
85:46°34′21″N
1719:11 August
1688:www.ma.hu
1636:11 August
1610:11 August
1571:11 August
1485:26 August
1350:europa.eu
1168:11 August
1142:11 August
1088:9 January
1019:11 August
993:11 August
826:Framatome
796:hydrazine
752:magnetite
728:Incidents
682:VVER-1200
568:Grid date
517:VVER-1200
470:MVM Group
432:The nine
320:Hungarian
265:atomeromu
1797:10 March
1356:10 March
1236:Politico
1110:8 August
1041:22 March
888:See also
336:Budapest
139:Owner(s)
66:Location
1771:26 June
1745:18 June
1693:26 June
1423:21 June
792:Ammonia
712:1200 MW
709:1114 MW
689:1200 MW
686:1114 MW
553:Station
539:Paks II
527:in the
509:Rosatom
476:price.
332:Hungary
276:Commons
260:Website
247:14,749
60:Hungary
56:Country
18:Paks II
1713:NucNet
703:PAKS-6
680:PWR /
677:PAKS-5
663:500 MW
660:475 MW
654:PAKS-4
640:500 MW
637:475 MW
631:PAKS-3
617:500 MW
614:475 MW
608:PAKS-2
594:500 MW
576:PAKS-1
438:Alstom
400:Poland
224:2,000
113:Status
1604:(PDF)
1593:(PDF)
1565:(PDF)
1554:(PDF)
1136:(PDF)
1129:(PDF)
672:2037
649:2036
626:2034
603:2032
287:[
237:84.2%
1799:2017
1773:2019
1747:2019
1721:2009
1695:2019
1638:2009
1612:2009
1573:2009
1537:2022
1509:2023
1487:2022
1461:2020
1425:2019
1380:2017
1358:2017
1332:2016
1310:2018
1288:2014
1266:2014
1244:2016
1218:2014
1196:2014
1170:2009
1144:2009
1112:2013
1090:2017
1068:2014
1043:2011
1021:2009
995:2009
794:and
775:INES
744:INES
588:475
513:Euro
450:fuel
434:Ganz
355:VVER
328:Paks
314:The
267:.mvm
249:GW·h
166:VVER
124:1967
70:Paks
742:An
580:PWR
269:.hu
143:MVM
1832::
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318:(
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
