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They make up some of the oldest houses in Utah and few exist today that have not been significantly altered or deteriorated. Scandinavian immigrants in Utah, many of whom previously lived as peasants, were able to own land and build what they considered a middle-class style house, differing both from
63:
Pair-houses are an architectural style of house based on
Scandinavian tradition and most often found in early Mormon settlements in the central part of Utah. The house is defined by the existence of three nearly equal sized rooms arranged side by side with access to the outer two rooms from the main
157:
The design dates to the 16th century in central and northern Sweden and central and western Norway where it remained the main dwelling on larger farms into the 19th-century. Its use expanded to
Denmark by the end of the 18th century, becoming common there over the next half-century. It was first an
134:
also has a linear three-room design, but is distinct because the center room was narrow and used only as a passageway. The name for the house in
Finnish (part of Sweden until 1809) is "paritupa", and is derived from the Swedish, though "tupa" can mean both "cottage" and "room" (literally "pair of
990:
Type II houses are the most common in Utah and feature a center room larger than the end rooms. The main room is either a square with the end rooms three-quarters or two-thirds its size, or a slightly larger rectangle with square end rooms. This type normally has windows on the side of the entry
1007:
In this type all three rooms are square, but the center room is smaller and aligned in the back creating a recessed porch in the front. The center room may have the normal window-door-window configuration or just a window-door due to the smaller size. The end rooms each have either one or two
171:. Similar three-room structures with a central kitchen room were constructed in France, and spread from western Europe to southwestern Russia where they were introduced by German-Russian settlers, and throughout northern and eastern Europe. Elongated three-room houses are found throughout the
977:
Type I houses are the most similar to the oldest pair-houses in Norway and Sweden, with the central room proportioned about two-thirds the size of the outer square rooms. The center room has a door and the end rooms are symmetrical with one or two windows. The center room is 12–13 feet
441:
Over 20,000 Scandinavians emigrated to Utah in the 19th-century where the Mormon theocracy discouraged "retention of Old World values and customs" in an attempt to build a homogeneous church following. The pair-house demonstrates that some level of ethnic diversity was tolerated.
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and three were removed from consideration at the request of the owners. Approximately thirty others were identified in the nomination but not considered worthy of listing/preservation due to significant deterioration, alteration, or demolition.
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102:
also has three linear rooms, the center room is narrower than the end rooms and is used as the entry and kitchen. The central room in a pair-house is the main living space in the house. The name is attributed to
Swedish scholar
64:
center room, which contained a central entrance door on the front and also access from the rear. The front side would usually have windows on both sides of the front door, and an additional window in each end room. A
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Type III houses are similar to Type II; however, the window and doors are spaced evenly along the facade, requiring adjustments to the internal symmetry of the rooms.
969:, in its NRHP study/submission identified four major categories or variations of pair-houses. Some types also have more minor variations. These four main types are:
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Utah pair-houses, while all having the deterministic three-room layout, differed in ways such as window and chimney placement, dimension, and material.
31:, pair-houses are historically significant as being representative of ethnic diversity in an area and time that favored uniformity among followers of
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county area, where the
Scandinavian immigrants were the most concentrated. Over 90% of Utah's recorded pair-house examples are located there.
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upper-class home but gradually became a common rural farmhouse for the middle-class farms and a symbol of economic progress from peasantry.
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79:, built around 1850 by Danish immigrant Fredrick Christian Sorensen, is an early example of an adobe pair-house with a roof of log
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1181:
The
Possibilities of Charting Modern Life: A Symposium for Ethnological Research About Modern Time in Stockholm, March 1967
1090:"National Register Information System – Scandinavian-American Pair-Houses Thematic Resource (#64000873)"
408:, a Type II pair house with window-door-window cluster at center room. Note pair of internal chimneys piercing roof ridge.
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198:. The style has also been called the "Baltic three-room house" by some. Pair-houses have also been identified in
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which literally means "pair-cottage", indicating a center room with a pair of flanking rooms. While a
Swedish
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115:
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facades during the 1870s and 1880s. As in Utah, they represented economic achievement and ethnic identity.
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420:. These houses span four Utah counties and represent the "multi-cultural nature of early Mormon society".
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other types of local architecture, usually based on
English styles, and their prior peasant dwellings.
416:(NRHP), a collection of such houses in Utah, nonadjacent and disconnected, have been documented as the
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Most documented pair-houses are found in Utah, but can be found elsewhere. Danish immigrants in the
27:
immigrants as an adaptation of common houses from their homeland. Commonly found in the US state of
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162:
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Rectangular three-room dwellings with a center entrance were not unique to
Scandinavia. The German
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829:
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for listing on the NRHP. Most were eventually listed individually; two are included in a listed
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87:. There are many other pair-houses built by Scandinavian immigrants in Ephraim and throughout
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primarily adopted popular
American architectural styles, they also built pair-houses with
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88:
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Several pair-houses are known to have been built for or are otherwise associated with
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While found throughout Utah, pair-houses are most common in "Little Scandinavia", the
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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door, creating a window-door-window cluster, and a single window in each end room.
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region including the Scandinavian countries, Finland, Russia, Poland, and Germany.
109:
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1327:. University of Utah, School of Architecture, Center for Architectural Studies.
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One-story, gable roofed, three room dwellings were built by German-Russians in
172:
65:
357:
344:
1154:
From the Outside Looking In: Essays on Mormon History, Theology, and Culture
449:
Mormons demonstrating popularity and practicality with non-Scandinavians.
978:(3.7–4.0 m) wide, double the 6–7-foot (1.8–2.1 m) width of the
56:
199:
80:
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Three-room Type II, unusual for its 2-2-2 openings rather than 1-3-1.
1800:
List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
168:
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had a central room used as a kitchen, flanked by a living area and a
84:
138:
The pair-house has also been characterized as a scaled-down Danish
23:
is a three-room house found in the US built in the 19th century by
395:
203:
46:
1124:
Winquist, Alan H.; Rousselow-Winquist, Jessica (June 26, 2009).
313:
266:
28:
1345:
1871:
National Register of Historic Places architecture categories
1030:
Nineteenth-Century Mormon Architecture and City Planning
35:(LDS Church). A number of pair-houses are listed on the
16:
Type of house built by Scandinavian immigrants in the US
412:
While some pair-houses are individually listed on the
1780:
1759:
1733:
1692:
1425:
1402:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1379:
1265:"ETHNIC ARCHITECTURE IN STARK COUNlY, NORTH DAKOTA"
381:
373:
336:
308:
1433:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
457:The following pair-houses were identified by the
1825:National Register of Historic Places portal
1324:Utah's Historic Architecture 1847-1940: A Guide
418:Scandinavian-American Pair-house Thematic Group
225:Scandinavian-American Pair-house Thematic Group
33:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1876:19th-century architecture in the United States
1357:
1207:"Talo: Construction of the Finnish Farmhouse"
1130:. Minnesota Historical Society. p. 301.
8:
1861:National Register of Historic Places in Utah
467:Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service
122:means "twin-house" and in Norway, it is the
1321:Carter, Thomas; Goss, Peter (August 1991).
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1350:
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1373:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1119:
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233:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
94:The name is a translation of the Swedish
1157:. Oxford University Press. p. 232.
1033:. Oxford University Press. p. 109.
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863:nomination withdrawn at owner request
824:nomination withdrawn at owner request
616:nomination withdrawn at owner request
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7:
1151:Grow, Matthew J. (October 1, 2015).
1095:National Register of Historic Places
1027:Hamilton, Mark C (August 24, 1995).
414:National Register of Historic Places
37:National Register of Historic Places
1788:National Historic Preservation Act
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68:runs the length of the structure.
14:
1184:. Elsevier Science. pp. 7–.
73:Fredrick Christian Sorensen House
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1298:Encyclopedia of the Great Plains
1234:Cross, John A. (June 19, 2017).
287:
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1178:Erixon, Sigurd (May 17, 2014).
1741:Federated States of Micronesia
1387:Architectural style categories
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1:
1866:American architectural styles
967:Utah State Historical Society
804:Spring City Historic District
659:Spring City Historic District
459:Utah State Historical Society
299:Show map of the United States
1237:Ethnic Landscapes of America
214:United States historic place
196:Emmons County, North Dakota
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1793:Historic Preservation Fund
1772:American Legation, Morocco
909:Fredrick C. Sorensen House
502:Claus Peter Andersen House
402:Fredrick C. Sorensen House
1813:
1734:Lists by associated state
1292:Wishard, David J. (ed.).
1240:. Springer. p. 295.
957:, was built around 1875.
382:NRHP reference
296:Location in United States
243:
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1715:Northern Mariana Islands
1205:Huttunen, Markku (ed.).
707:Peter Axel Johnson House
1127:Touring Swedish America
210:Historical significance
126:or "double house". The
116:University of Stockholm
1710:Minor Outlying Islands
1693:Lists by insular areas
1407:Keeper of the Register
982:'s middle passageway.
929:Thuesen-Petersen House
543:Andrew Barentsen House
522:Lars S. Andersen House
409:
358:39.35806°N 111.58389°W
60:
1412:National Park Service
1392:Contributing property
1294:"Danish Architecture"
1100:National Park Service
980:central-passage house
849:Andrew Petersen House
830:Jens C. Nielsen House
810:Niels Mortensen House
727:Christen Larsen House
602:Jacobsen-Jensen House
463:National Park Service
461:and submitted to the
399:
128:central-passage house
50:
1767:District of Columbia
889:Dykes Sorensen House
869:Soren Simonsen House
687:Martin Johnson House
622:Hans C. Jensen House
363:39.35806; -111.58389
667:Rasmus Jensen House
583:Anders Hintze House
354: /
787:Peter Honson House
767:Hans Ottesen House
661:, demolished 1982
563:Peter Hansen House
410:
118:. The Danish name
61:
1843:
1842:
1397:Historic district
1334:978-1-880351-00-0
1247:978-3-319-54009-2
1191:978-1-4831-4808-3
1164:978-0-19-024467-5
1137:978-0-87351-704-1
1040:978-0-19-536058-5
951:Annie Birch House
947:
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747:Oluf Larsen House
642:Jens Jensen House
471:historic district
453:Individual houses
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1629:Rhode Island
1624:Pennsylvania
1604:North Dakota
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1301:. Retrieved
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265:Location in
193:
189:neoclassical
185:Great Plains
182:
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25:Scandinavian
20:
18:
1856:Pair-houses
1760:Other areas
1720:Puerto Rico
1554:Mississippi
1469:Connecticut
795:Spring City
650:Spring City
493:NRHP Listed
483:Approximate
377:c.1860-1880
361: /
337:Coordinates
143: [
108: [
1850:Categories
1669:Washington
1589:New Mexico
1584:New Jersey
1459:California
1219:August 27,
1012:References
961:Categories
949:Also, the
485:year built
349:111°35′2″W
346:39°21′29″N
173:Baltic Sea
124:dobblethus
66:gable roof
43:Background
21:pair-house
1679:Wisconsin
1644:Tennessee
1549:Minnesota
1524:Louisiana
1303:March 18,
1277:March 18,
1106:March 28,
1008:windows.
856:Richfield
332:counties)
330:Salt Lake
140:Herregård
135:rooms").
83:and sawn
1835:Category
1664:Virginia
1614:Oklahoma
1594:New York
1569:Nebraska
1559:Missouri
1544:Michigan
1534:Maryland
1519:Kentucky
1499:Illinois
1474:Delaware
1464:Colorado
1454:Arkansas
995:Type III
860:nom 1981
821:nom 1981
695:Glenwood
613:nom 1981
488:Location
389:64000873
312:central
309:Location
100:parstuga
96:parstuga
59:, Sweden
57:Hedemora
53:parstuga
1781:Related
1684:Wyoming
1659:Vermont
1564:Montana
1504:Indiana
1484:Georgia
1479:Florida
1449:Arizona
1439:Alabama
1003:Type IV
986:Type II
953:, near
917:Ephraim
897:Ephraim
838:Ephraim
817:Ephraim
802:within
755:Ephraim
675:Ephraim
657:within
630:Ephraim
609:Ephraim
530:Ephraim
510:Ephraim
432:Sanpete
406:Ephraim
326:Millard
318:Sanpete
200:Arizona
164:Ernhaus
114:of the
85:rafters
81:purlins
1619:Oregon
1574:Nevada
1514:Kansas
1489:Hawaii
1444:Alaska
1380:Topics
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1037:
973:Type I
937:Scipio
877:Monroe
715:Monroe
496:Notes
436:Sevier
328:, and
322:Sevier
169:stable
153:Origin
1751:Palau
1649:Texas
1529:Maine
1494:Idaho
1268:(PDF)
1210:(PDF)
775:Manti
571:Manti
374:Built
204:Idaho
147:]
112:]
1705:Guam
1654:Utah
1609:Ohio
1509:Iowa
1329:ISBN
1305:2018
1279:2018
1242:ISBN
1221:2022
1186:ISBN
1159:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1108:2018
1035:ISBN
965:The
941:1983
933:1870
921:1980
913:1870
901:1982
893:1870
881:1982
873:1880
852:1875
842:1983
834:1870
813:1875
799:1980
791:1875
779:1987
771:1870
759:1983
751:1870
739:1987
731:1876
719:1983
711:1876
699:1982
691:1880
679:1983
671:1870
654:1980
646:1865
634:1983
626:1870
605:1875
595:1983
587:1865
575:1983
567:1880
555:1983
547:1875
534:1983
526:1870
514:1983
506:1865
480:Name
400:The
314:Utah
267:Utah
202:and
71:The
29:Utah
404:in
384:No.
316:, (
75:in
55:in
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465:/
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
