Knowledge (XXG)

1920 Paisley by-election

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534:), and (30 January 1920) thought women voters “hopelessly ignorant, credulous to the last degree, and flickering with gusts of sentiment like a candle in the wind. Then there are some thousands of Irish, who have been ordered by their bosses to vote Labour – as if Labour had ever done or was ever likely to do anything for them”. Asquith directed most of his campaign not against Labour but against the Coalition candidate, whom he thought “a foul-mouthed Tory”. He condemned the Treaty of Versailles and called for moderation over 38: 97: 2980: 202: 194: 186: 104: 523:
was being much criticised, was only narrowly selected as candidate, although after his formal adoption on 21 January 1920 the local Liberal Association united behind him. He initially had misgivings about returning to Scotland and risking his career, but grew more confident as the campaign progressed.
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Initially, it was widely expected that Biggar, who had nearly won the seat in 1918 and who was endorsed by nine former Liberal MPs, would win. The Liberal Party in the constituency was split between supporters of Asquith and Lloyd George, and Asquith, whose continued leadership of the Liberal Party
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At the following General Election in 1922, Asquith held the seat narrowly, with a much reduced majority (albeit a slightly larger share of the vote) in a two-horse race against Labour. The result was:
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This was a period of currency turmoil and competitive devaluations among these small countries. Free trade was a totemic issue for Liberals, as Asquith had been a leading campaigner against
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https://web.archive.org/web/20110617010157/http://www.liberalhistory.org.uk/uploads/19_peters_victory_at_paisley.pdf
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https://web.archive.org/web/20120502132739/http://www.liberalhistory.org.uk/uploads/37-Winter%25202002-03.pdf
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The by-election seemed to be a triumph for the Independent Liberals with a majority of 2,834 votes over
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Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown
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noted parallels between the Paisley campaign condemning Lloyd George's opportunism and the
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eventually set up in 1921-2 was technically a dominion, in British eyes at least.
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By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Scottish constituencies
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The Radical Thread: Political Change in Scotland. Paisley Politics, 1885-1924
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The by-election provided an opportunity for the return to Parliament of
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who had become an excellent speaker. The “foul-mouthed Tory” lost his
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in Scotland. It was caused by the death of the constituency's sitting
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being erected, especially by the newly independent small states of
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government policy at the time was restore British rule so that
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by Catriona M M MacDonald, Scottish Historical Review, 2000
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British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
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British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
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British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
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was currently in progress) and warned of the danger of
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The result at the last General Election in 1918 was;
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in the run up to the Liberals' landslide victory in
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He was then elevated to the House of Lords as 593:spoke in Asquith's support, as did his daughter 215: 785:candidate endorsed by the coalition government 477:candidate endorsed by the coalition government 3322:1925 University of Oxford Chancellor election 2935: 1975: 1202: 495:, the former Prime Minister who had lost his 8: 29: 2942: 2928: 2920: 1982: 1968: 1960: 1209: 1195: 1187: 801: 615: 300: 28: 3312:1916 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours 2638:Kincardineshire and Western Aberdeenshire 2356:Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire Central 1284:Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire Central 3268:The Life and Times of David Lloyd George 2650:Clackmannanshire and East Stirlingshire 957: 2009:House of Commons of the United Kingdom 601:(by ten votes), to Asquith’s delight. 2344:Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities 2308:Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities 2037:Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities 1232:31st Parliament of the United Kingdom 899: 810: 740: 621: 532:Representation of the People Act 1918 503:in the aftermath of the split in the 430: 309: 7: 3358:1920 elections in the United Kingdom 3307:Rector of the University of Aberdeen 3236:Edward Tennant, 1st Baron Glenconner 999:, could at last be implemented. The 3302:Rector of the University of Glasgow 1126:(first ed.). London: Collins. 936:Asquith held the seat again at the 76: 940:but was defeated by Labour at the 25: 3373:Politics of Paisley, Renfrewshire 267:held on 12 February 1920 for the 3131:Independent Liberal Party (1918) 1178:Hold on, hold out; we are coming 1048:. London: Vintage. p. 181. 861: 828: 695: 672: 639: 526:Asquith had been an opponent of 385: 360: 327: 201: 200: 193: 192: 185: 184: 102: 95: 36: 2725:Midlothian and Peebles Northern 2485:Midlothian and Peebles Northern 608:and a blow for the government. 3086:British entry into World War I 2970:Coalition government 1915–1916 2776:Combined Scottish Universities 2742:Combined Scottish Universities 2632:Kinross and Western Perthshire 2626:Combined Scottish Universities 2590:Combined Scottish Universities 2578:Combined Scottish Universities 2555:Combined Scottish Universities 2467:Combined Scottish Universities 711:James Anderson Dunlop MacKean 1: 499:seat to the Unionists at the 3074:Buckingham Palace Conference 2965:Liberal government 1908-1915 3368:1920s elections in Scotland 1148:. 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H. Asquith 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3250: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3200:Cyril Asquith 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3172:(second wife) 3171: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3140:Constituenies 3138: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3126:Liberal Party 3124: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3103:Easter Rising 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3002:December 1910 3000: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2981: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2951:H. H. Asquith 2945: 2940: 2938: 2933: 2931: 2926: 2925: 2922: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2819: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2783: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2685: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2633: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2591: 2587: 2585: 2584:Dumfriesshire 2581: 2579: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2515: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2492: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2445: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2433: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2409: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2357: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2315: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2176: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2158: 2157:Hawick Burghs 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2021: 2020: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1985: 1980: 1978: 1973: 1971: 1966: 1965: 1962: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1859: 1855: 1853: 1852:Hackney South 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1710: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1686:Lewisham West 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1535:Woolwich East 1532: 1530: 1529:Cardiganshire 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1463:South Norfolk 1461: 1459: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1335:Croydon South 1333: 1331: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1241: 1240: 1233: 1229: 1223: 1222: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1157: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1140:Koss, Stephen 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1115: 1114: 1110: 1100: 1097: 1091: 1088: 1082: 1079: 1073: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1038: 1035: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1018:Tariff Reform 1015: 1009: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 988: 985: 979: 976: 970: 967: 961: 958: 951: 949: 947: 943: 942:1924 election 939: 938:1923 election 930: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 913: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 898: 894: 891: 888: 884: 880: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 842: 841:H. H. Asquith 838: 836: 835: 831: 829: 809: 805: 800: 794: 786: 781: 777: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 756: 755: 751: 748: 745: 743: 739: 735: 732: 729: 725: 722: 719: 716: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 702: 696: 691: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 653: 652:H. H. Asquith 649: 647: 646: 642: 640: 620: 611: 609: 607: 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 563:John Campbell 559: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 524: 520: 518: 514: 513:Conservatives 510: 506: 505:Liberal Party 502: 498: 494: 493:H. H. Asquith 486: 478: 473: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 446: 445: 441: 438: 435: 433: 429: 425: 422: 419: 415: 412: 409: 406: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 392: 386: 382: 379: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 341: 337: 335: 334: 330: 328: 308: 304: 299: 293: 291: 289: 285: 281: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 249: 248: 244: 243:H. H. Asquith 239: 238:Subsequent MP 236: 234: 233: 229: 228:John McCallum 224: 222: 218: 217: 212: 199: 191: 183: 180: 179: 175: 172: 170: 167: 164: 163: 159: 156: 154: 151: 148: 147: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 128: 127: 123: 120: 118: 117:H. H. Asquith 115: 112: 111: 108: 105: 101: 98: 94: 91: 90: 86: 84:Second party 83: 80: 77: 72: 65: → 64: 61: 59: 56: 54: 51:←  50: 49: 45: 33: 27: 19: 3316: 3282: 3274: 3266: 3258: 3220:(son-in-law) 3097:Shell Crisis 2997:January 1910 2899:2010–present 2372: 2350:Elgin Burghs 2296:Berwickshire 2284:Wigtownshire 2272:Leith Burghs 2091:Elgin Burghs 2019:1950–present 2017: 2001:By-elections 1992: 1939:2010–present 1697:Westhoughton 1571:Bristol West 1501:Rhondda West 1388: 1296:Swansea East 1278:Hull Central 1237: 1228:By-elections 1219: 1177: 1168: 1162: 1144: 1122: 1118:Jenkins, Roy 1099: 1090: 1081: 1072: 1044: 1037: 1028: 1008: 987: 978: 969: 960: 935: 919: 866:Labour Co-op 856: 851: 846: 839: 832: 798: 779: 762: 720: 697: 677:Labour Co-op 667: 662: 657: 650: 643: 603: 560: 538:, immediate 525: 521: 490: 471: 462: 452: 410: 401:John Taylor 387: 380: 355: 350: 345: 338: 331: 297: 260: 258: 241: 237: 226: 219: 168: 152: 121:John Biggar 87:Third party 81:First party 57: 26: 3155:(1920-1924) 3149:(1886-1918) 3080:July Crisis 2958:Premiership 2667:Argyllshire 2261:Wick Burghs 2141:Forfarshire 2061:Argyllshire 1684:September: 1581:East Dorset 1496:Abertillery 1472:September: 1426:Northampton 1415:Basingstoke 1361:Spen Valley 1316:September: 1290:East Antrim 1263:Leyton West 871:John Biggar 806:: Paisley 682:John Biggar 577:condemning 546:(where the 370:John Biggar 265:by-election 165:Percentage 3347:Categories 3287:(TV, 2003) 3279:(TV, 1983) 3271:(TV, 1981) 3263:(TV, 1975) 3208:(daughter) 3196:(daughter) 2782:Kilmarnock 2737:Motherwell 2549:Kilmarnock 2525:Rutherglen 2491:Kilmarnock 2438:Ayr Burghs 2249:Midlothian 2108:Banffshire 2073:Ayr Burghs 1846:Pontypridd 1841:North Down 1757:North Down 1740:February: 1707:December: 1701:November: 1670:Caerphilly 1638:North Down 1633:Mid Armagh 1601:Chichester 1527:February: 1494:December: 1485:The Wrekin 1478:November: 1468:Woodbridge 1441:Sunderland 1394:Horncastle 1384:The Wrekin 1382:February: 1349:December: 1328:November: 1318:Pontefract 1255:February: 952:References 814:Candidate 783:indicates 625:Candidate 475:indicates 313:Candidate 305:: Paisley 113:Candidate 3276:Number 10 3147:East Fife 2894:1979–2010 2889:1950–1979 2884:1931–1950 2879:1918–1931 2874:1900–1918 2869:1885–1900 2864:1868–1885 2859:1857–1868 2854:1847–1857 2849:1832–1847 2844:1818–1832 2839:1806–1818 2834:1801–1806 2543:East Fife 2414:Inverness 2278:East Fife 2085:Buteshire 2012:1900–1949 1994:1868–1899 1934:1979–2010 1929:1950–1979 1924:1931–1950 1919:1918–1931 1914:1900–1918 1909:1885–1900 1904:1868–1885 1899:1857–1868 1894:1847–1857 1889:1832–1847 1884:1818–1832 1879:1806–1818 1874:1801–1806 1856:October: 1783:Inverness 1778:Cambridge 1742:West Down 1724:January: 1695:October: 1643:West Down 1591:Eddisbury 1555:Penistone 1516:January: 1458:Ebbw Vale 1410:Stockport 1376:January: 1351:St Albans 1322:October: 1132:243906913 1064:489636152 993:Home Rule 886:Majority 795:Aftermath 727:Majority 497:East Fife 417:Majority 2719:Hamilton 2696:Greenock 2608:Greenock 2444:Galloway 2005:Scotland 1850:August: 1788:Chertsey 1731:Tamworth 1668:August: 1664:Hertford 1649:Mid Down 1617:Abingdon 1607:Hastings 1518:Hereford 1405:Dartford 1310:August: 1301:Bothwell 1142:(1985). 1120:(1964). 707:Unionist 581:and the 143:Unionist 3153:Paisley 3119:Parties 2800:Paisley 2373:Paisley 2016:» 2007:to the 1991:« 1858:Newport 1825:Banbury 1815:Newbury 1799:Clapham 1766:March: 1703:Hornsey 1596:Bedford 1586:Bewdley 1566:Taunton 1564:April: 1533:March: 1424:April: 1398:March: 1389:Paisley 1356:Bromley 1282:April: 1261:March: 1236:» 1230:to the 1218:« 1145:Asquith 1123:Asquith 917:Liberal 905:29,694 901:Turnout 875:14,689 847:15,005 834:Liberal 760:Liberal 746:30,433 742:Turnout 686:11,902 658:14,736 645:Liberal 599:deposit 552:tariffs 544:Ireland 450:Liberal 436:22,179 432:Turnout 333:Liberal 277:Liberal 273:Paisley 247:Liberal 232:Liberal 157:11,902 133:Liberal 92:  78:  3163:Family 3111:(1918) 3105:(1916) 3099:(1915) 3093:(1915) 3082:(1914) 3076:(1914) 3070:(1914) 3064:(1914) 3058:(1912) 3052:(1910) 3046:(1909) 3040:(1905) 3031:Career 2432:Dundee 2379:Argyll 2338:Dundee 2125:Dundee 2022:» 1997:« 1834:July: 1808:June: 1762:Bodmin 1726:Ludlow 1647:July: 1626:June: 1540:Dudley 1474:Ilford 1456:July: 1445:June: 1400:Argyll 1312:Widnes 1294:July: 1242:» 1224:« 1152:  1130:  1062:  1052:  881:+10.4 817:Votes 811:Party 752:+20.0 730:2,834 717:12.47 714:3,795 668:+14.4 628:Votes 622:Party 612:Result 606:Labour 595:Violet 442:−17.3 426:−28.1 404:7,201 374:7,436 356:−30.3 346:7,542 316:Votes 310:Party 205:12.5% 189:14.4% 181:Swing 176:12.5% 173:39.1% 160:3,795 153:14,736 138:Labour 129:Party 3214:(son) 3202:(son) 3190:(son) 3184:(son) 3178:(son) 2659:1940s 2561:Perth 2500:1930s 2461:Leith 2365:1920s 2232:Govan 2192:Govan 2184:1910s 2113:Perth 2029:1900s 1836:Gower 1797:May: 1691:Louth 1605:May: 1523:Dover 1447:Louth 1288:May: 925:Swing 895:−8.3 878:49.5 857:+2.1 852:50.5 772:+4.4 768:Swing 749:77.6 736:+8.8 692:+5.6 689:39.1 663:48.4 507:over 458:Swing 439:57.6 407:32.5 377:33.5 351:34.0 197:5.6% 169:48.4% 3022:1924 3017:1923 3012:1922 3007:1918 1718:1922 1510:1921 1370:1920 1249:1919 1150:ISBN 1128:OCLC 1060:OCLC 1050:ISBN 1022:1906 997:1914 920:hold 892:1.0 889:316 763:hold 733:9.3 589:and 542:for 453:hold 423:0.5 420:106 282:Sir 259:The 63:1922 53:1918 2003:in 721:New 573:'s 569:to 463:N/A 411:New 381:New 3349:: 1058:. 948:. 824:±% 820:% 635:±% 631:% 558:. 323:±% 319:% 221:MP 2943:e 2936:t 2929:v 1983:e 1976:t 1969:v 1210:e 1203:t 1196:v 1158:. 1134:. 1066:. 787:. 780:C 700:C 479:. 472:C 390:C 20:)

Index

Paisley by-election, 1920
1918
1922


H. H. Asquith
Liberal
Labour
Unionist
MP
John McCallum
Liberal
H. H. Asquith
Liberal
by-election
House of Commons
Paisley
Liberal
Member of Parliament
John Mills McCallum
1918 general election
General election 1918
Liberal
John Mills McCallum
Co-operative Party
John Biggar
C
National Democratic
Turnout
Liberal

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