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40:
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There are two theories regarding the geological origins of the islands bedrock, the rocky basement of the islands is mainly horizontally bedded marine limestone, it was interpreted as
Miocene deposits. However, since no tectonic features are visible in the limestone to distinguish it from the Miocene
340:
At present the Palm
Islands are managed and monitored daily by the Mina City Environment Protection Committee and its team with two rangers keeping intruders at bay. The islands were first open to the public in 1999. The islands are only open to the public between July and September though they may
287:
dating to the late Roman and medieval periods as well as several rock-cut cisterns. The first excavation of Palm Island was undertaken in
October 1973 and revealed the foundations of several buildings dating to the Crusades in which earlier architectural elements, such as column drums and fragments
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features. Open gutters can be seen, wide and open in the case of marine erosion, narrower in higher places due to aerial and marine erosion. All around the islands there are bare rocky exposures as a result of marine erosion in the form of dissolution and physical action of the waves. During the
311:
Opposite the city of
Tripoli are four islands in a row. The first of them, and nearest to the land, is the Narcissus Isle (an -Narjis); it is very small and is unoccupied. Then comes the Isle of the Column (al-tantid), then Monk’s Isle (ArRahib), and then the Isle of Ardhakun (or
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limestone of the
Lebanese mainland, with the lack of fossil evidence, and with its regular sedimentation, this limestone could be interpreted to be more likely from the Plio-Quaternary age. Geomorphologically, marine and emerged aerial erosion give the limestone its typical
231:
church. The island underwent rehabilitation works which included restoration of the well, its water is used to irrigate the island's 570 palm trees. The authorities also constructed a boat dock and walking trails and demarcated the island's areas of recreation and research.
262:
Jazeerat al-Fanar) is the smallest of the islands with an area of 34,903 square metres (375,690 sq ft); it is located north west of Palm Island. Ramkine island is mostly rocky and rises to about 12 meters above sea level. The island contains the remains of a
336:
entered
Tripoli in 1289 the panic-stricken inhabitants fled to the port and crossed over to the island. Many took refuge in the church where they were put to death when the Mamelukes caught up with them. The island was afterwards abandoned for many years.
210:
Jazeerat al-Araneb). The name 'Araneb' (rabbits) comes from the great numbers of rabbits that were raised on the island during the time of the French mandate early in the 20th century. Palm Island is characterized by its flat terrain and has no obvious
219:. It's rocky shoreline extends from the northwest to south while its sandy beaches lay at the northern and eastern faces. The middle of the island is earthen, it contains evidence of past periods of human occupation such as a fresh
429:
which are crucial food source for marine life and sea turtles. Oil also spread across the surface of the water, presenting a danger to both turtles and migrating birds. Large quantities of oil, sunk down to the
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be closed during this period if environmental work or studies are being undertaken. Ferries, operated by local fishermen, assure the transport of visitors from the Mina ports to the
Islands.
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navigation light has now been installed in the tower of the old lighthouse. The islands are public property, they were declared protected area by law on March 9, 1992.
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consists of three flat, rocky islands of eroded limestone and the surrounding sea area, located 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) offshore and northwest of the city of
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Jazeerat as-Sanani) covers an area of 45,503 square metres (489,790 sq ft) south east of Palm Island. It is mainly rocky with a partially sandy shore.
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shore and dunes of two of the islands are of a biological origin. It is mostly constituted by the skeletons of marine
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Biodiversity assessment and monitoring in protected areas / Lebanon / Leb/95/G31: Palms islands nature reserve
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The overall area of the reserve is 4.2 square kilometres (1.6 sq mi), it has been designated as a
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that grows during the wet seasons and when fresh water accumulate in the rocky crevasses. Soils with more
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disturbed the fragile ecosystem of the reserve. Oil coated the islands shores killing microorganism and
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328:. The royal wedding took place in this church which we are told by Arab chroniclers was dedicated to
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and pools within the dunes fill with fresh water which remains available even in the summer. The
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form the higher parts of Palm Island and are the location of evidence of human occupation.
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579:"Directory of Lebanese environmental organizations, groups, activists, and businesses"
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emplacements and underground galleries that were built in the early 20th century. A
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The islands hosted an important settlement as attested by the presence of numerous
385:, is found on the rocky parts of the islands; this exceedingly shallow soil hosts
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who visited the city during the twelfth century at the time when it was ruled by
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endangering aquatic life. A clean-up and monitoring program undertaken by the
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oil spill caused by the
Israeli bombing of the Lebanese Jiyyeh power plant
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332:. Years later the island became the scene of a bloody massacre; when the
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development are found in the western parts of Palm Island, it is mainly
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The
Crusaders built a church upon the largest island. It was there that
528:. Culture of the World. Vol. 13 (2 ed.). Marshall Cavendish.
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mission to
Lebanon aimed to minimize the damage to the Palm islands.
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Tohme, Georges; Ghassan Ramadan Jaradi; Ali Mneimneh (August 2004).
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sources that make mention of the offshore isles of Tripoli is the
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53:
Mina, Lebanon, Tripoli District, North Governorate, Lebanon
367:, resulting in very light sand mixed with fragments of
552:Carter, Terry; Lara Dunston; Amelia Thomas (2008).
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Jazeerat an-Nakheel) also known as Rabbits Island (
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110:
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57:
49:
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194:The largest of the three islands is Palm Island (
513:. Beirut: Lebanese Ministry of the Environment.
254:Jazeerat Ramkine) also known as Fanar Island (
8:
371:shells and parts of skeletons and spines of
156:Wetland of Special International Importance
524:Sheehan, Sean; Zawiah Abdul Latif (2007).
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166:. The islands are a haven for endangered
158:in 1980, and have been identified as an
151:. The islands were also identified as a
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654:"Mina's palm islands natural preserve"
174:and a resting and nesting grounds for
145:Mediterranean Specially Protected Area
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401:and beach deposited calcareous sand.
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122:Lebanese Ministry of the Environment
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703:Protected areas established in 1992
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98:4.2 km (1.6 sq mi)
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708:Important Bird Areas of Lebanon
589:from the original on 2010-08-21
421:during which there was a large
190:The sandy shores of Palm Island
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713:Tourist attractions in Lebanon
288:of capitals had been re-used.
1:
556:(3 ed.). Lonely Planet.
609:"Offshore islands - history"
130:Palm Islands Nature Reserve
33:Palm Islands Nature Reserve
739:
688:Nature reserves in Lebanon
577:Lebanon clean and Green.
79:34.4927361°N 35.7745583°E
37:
641:. el-Mashreq publishers.
639:Tripoli through the ages
436:World Conservation Union
698:Ramsar sites in Lebanon
583:Lebanon clean and Green
324:came in 1224 to marry
314:
191:
170:(Chelona mydas), rare
164:BirdLife International
84:34.4927361; 35.7745583
607:Khayat, Samir Saadi.
326:Bohemond V of Antioch
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227:and the remains of a
225:salt evaporation pond
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18:Palm Islands, Lebanon
345:Geology and pedology
149:Barcelona Convention
106:0 m (0 ft)
693:Wetlands of Lebanon
554:Syria & Lebanon
160:Important Bird Area
119:Governing body
75: /
44:Logo of the reserve
723:Islands of Lebanon
652:Tripoli-city.org.
330:Thomas the Apostle
318:Alice of Champagne
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27:Islands in Lebanon
136:, to the west of
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16:(Redirected from
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718:Tripoli, Lebanon
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660:. Archived from
658:Tripoli-city.org
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469:. Archived from
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322:Hugh I of Cyprus
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246:Ramkine Island (
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134:El Mina, Lebanon
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176:migratory birds
147:under the 1995
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208:جزيرة الأرانب
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70:35°46′28.41″E
67:34°29′33.85″N
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666:. Retrieved
662:the original
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621:. Retrieved
617:the original
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475:. Retrieved
471:the original
467:ikamalebanon
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365:foraminifera
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260:جزيرة الفنار
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200:جزيرة النخيل
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373:echinoderms
305:Raymond III
299:geographer
252:جزيرة رمكين
111:Established
82: /
58:Coordinates
682:Categories
668:2010-08-31
623:2010-08-29
593:2010-09-07
477:2010-08-29
442:References
377:Sand dunes
291:Among the
265:lighthouse
221:water well
172:monk seals
419:Hezbollah
369:gastropod
357:diaclases
334:Mamelukes
312:Udhákun).
223:, an old
217:sea level
103:Elevation
587:Archived
413:between
411:2006 war
293:medieval
229:Crusader
50:Location
526:Lebanon
461:IKAMA.
432:sea bed
405:Threats
399:aeolian
391:horizon
383:Orthent
355:winter
352:karstic
285:ostraca
279:History
213:reliefs
182:Islands
560:
532:
415:Israel
395:formed
301:Idrisi
269:cannon
256:Arabic
248:Arabic
237:Arabic
204:Arabic
196:Arabic
153:Ramsar
511:(PDF)
427:algae
361:sandy
558:ISBN
530:ISBN
417:and
409:The
297:Arab
128:The
114:1992
95:Area
397:by
162:by
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