439:
80:
464:
3359:
1347:
58:
371:
1046:
613:, as it was deemed too political. This was an animated short, starring a fictional orangutan named Rang-tan produced to raise awareness of the environmental impact of the production of palm oil, and the dangers orangutans face as a result. Iceland Foods had committed to banning palm oil from its own-brand products by the end of 2018.
738:
Singh, R.; Ong-Abdullah, M.; Low, E.-T.L.; Manaf, M.A.A.; Rosli, R.; Nookiah, R.; Ooi, L.C.-L.; Ooi, S.-E.; Chan, K.-L.; Halim, M.A.; Azizi, N.; Nagappan, J.; Bacher, B.; Lakey, N.; Smith, S.W.; He, D.; Hogan, M.; Budiman, M.A.; Lee, E.K.; DeSalle, R.; Kudrna, D.; Goicoechea, J.L.; Wing, R.A.;
593:
output is increased, and because people are displaced by palm-oil enterprises and traditional livelihoods are negatively impacted. Especially in
Indonesia, there is also growing pressure for palm oil producers to prove that they are not harming rare animals in the cultivation process.
798:
De Marco, Elena; Savarese, Maria; Parisini, Cristina; Battimo, Ilaria; Falco, Salvatore; Sacchi, Raffaele (2007). "Frying performance of a sunflower/palm oil blend in comparison with pure palm oil".
681:
1086:
577:
Palm oil is typically considered the most controversial of the cooking oils – for political, health, and environmental reasons. Palm oil plantations are under increasing scrutiny for
3741:
381:
The palm fruit is reddish, about the size of a large plum, and grows in large bunches. Each fruit is made up of an oily, fleshy outer layer (the pericarp), with a single
528:
Human use of oil palms may date back to about 5,000 years in coastal west Africa. Palm oil was also discovered in the late 19th century by archaeologists in a tomb at
931:
3577:
957:
3603:
1090:
513:
than oils made from canola, corn, linseed, soybeans, safflower, and sunflowers, it can withstand extreme deep-frying heat and resists oxidation. It contains no
3239:
3313:
658:
578:
438:
1144:
1001:
911:
3525:
3590:
3538:
3370:
3639:
3318:
3254:
3234:
2777:
800:
3298:
726:
870:
Abdul Khalil, H.P.S.; Bhat, A.H.; Ireana Yusra, A.F. (2012). "Green composites from sustainable cellulose nanofibrils: A review".
3339:
2794:
828:
31:
3564:
3344:
1104:
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3281:
1137:
842:
3595:
3244:
1062:
642:
3447:
3308:
449:
256:
220:
200:
3652:
3286:
3276:
3163:
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1010:
834:
704:
677:
648:
3608:
3731:
1130:
479:
235:
3249:
1156:
653:
517:, and its use in food has increased as food-labelling laws have changed to specify trans fat content. Oil from
79:
3657:
1108:
3512:
3334:
2940:
3499:
3390:
3066:
2893:
2770:
3452:
3517:
3504:
872:
602:
1099:
417:
has been sequenced, which has important implications for breeding improved strains of the crop plants.
3618:
3543:
3473:
3291:
3178:
3010:
754:
475:
367:
are produced in dense clusters; each individual flower is small, with three sepals and three petals.
268:
260:
231:
3143:
3061:
3040:
2870:
1579:
621:
3736:
3688:
3644:
3138:
3103:
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2886:
1690:
1050:
244:
74:
3721:
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3460:
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3015:
2853:
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1024:
893:
838:
780:
722:
708:
617:
445:
305:
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2817:
2515:
1660:
1014:
885:
809:
770:
762:
745:
696:
463:
406:
741:"Oil palm genome sequence reveals divergence of interfertile species in Old and New worlds"
3030:
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327:
226:
117:
739:
Wilson, R.K.; Fulton, R.S.; Ordway, J.M.; Martienssen, R.A.; Sambanthamurthi, R. (2013).
355:
Mature palms are single-stemmed, and can grow well over 20 m (66 ft) tall. The
758:
532:
dating back to 3000 BCE. It is thought that Arab traders brought the oil palm to Egypt.
3173:
3035:
2810:
2669:
2599:
2557:
2522:
2403:
2382:
2244:
2210:
1906:
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104:
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2007:
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344:
130:
1057:
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2627:
2606:
2585:
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2389:
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2283:
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2030:
1975:
1913:
1649:
1628:
1607:
1537:
1462:
1448:
1434:
1375:
1346:
1241:
1184:
586:
3439:
889:
57:
538:
is now extensively cultivated in tropical countries outside Africa, particularly
3551:
3422:
3098:
2950:
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2718:
2683:
2571:
2529:
2501:
2445:
2438:
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2141:
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1948:
1927:
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1551:
1469:
1441:
1310:
1255:
1234:
1227:
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1213:
1175:
958:"Opinion: Iceland's Christmas advert ban for being 'too political' is heartless"
582:
386:
296:
143:
3413:
975:
457:
west and southwest Africa, specifically the area between Angola and The Gambia
370:
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3073:
3025:
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2732:
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2508:
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2127:
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1968:
1959:
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173:
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2187:
2162:
2134:
2078:
2016:
1941:
1934:
1920:
1837:
1764:
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1701:
1565:
1483:
1355:
1303:
1282:
1153:
610:
598:
566:
562:
558:
543:
514:
288:
163:
3670:
813:
784:
1045:
313:) is the principal source of palm oil. It is native to west and southwest
17:
3665:
3407:
3211:
2962:
2786:
2725:
2620:
2613:
2578:
2564:
2550:
2203:
2169:
2148:
2055:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1872:
1865:
1806:
1792:
1771:
1413:
1384:
1266:
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980:
881:
539:
504:
300:
183:
153:
766:
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1858:
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1614:
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1593:
1572:
1530:
1455:
1289:
522:
375:
360:
3556:
932:"Palm Oil Plantations Are Blamed For Many Evils. But Change Is Coming"
2452:
2237:
2113:
1844:
1717:
1621:
1558:
1427:
410:
364:
322:
318:
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310:
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3491:
3206:
2494:
2361:
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2099:
1476:
1393:
369:
91:
38:
3569:
382:
356:
3388:
2759:
1126:
1058:"Oil palm - Diseases and Pests, Description, Uses, Propagation"
3478:
936:
561:
by Fahma et al 2010. It is especially suited to production in
976:"Iceland supermarkets to ban palm oil in own-brand products"
2755:
487:
South and
Central America from Honduras to northern Brazil
827:
Kiple, Kenneth F.; Conee
Ornelas, Kriemhild, eds. (2000).
363:, and reach between 3–5 m (10–16 ft) long. The
1087:
Directorate of Plant
Protection, Quarantine, and Storage
3397:
3327:
3267:
3220:
3187:
3121:
3114:
3049:
3003:
2933:
2852:
2793:
2309:
2282:
2227:
2186:
2054:
2006:
1958:
1889:
1820:
1747:
1727:
1700:
1659:
1513:
1493:
1403:
1383:
1374:
1354:
1265:
1203:
1183:
1174:
546:which together produce most of the world supply.
801:European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology
30:"Oil palm" redirects here. For other uses, see
2771:
1138:
1091:National Institute of Plant Health Management
339: 'oil-producing') is native to tropical
8:
3240:Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange
682:"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families"
609:, was banned by the UK advertising watchdog
3314:Social and environmental impact of palm oil
659:Social and environmental impact of palm oil
3385:
3118:
2778:
2764:
2756:
1955:
1380:
1180:
1145:
1131:
1123:
1100:"NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY MISSION - OILPALM"
1002:Annual Review of Environment and Resources
419:
347:, and is used locally for oil production.
56:
45:
3742:Taxa named by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin
1018:
774:
601:TV advertisement by UK supermarket chain
569:waste is already an abundant byproduct.
669:
1020:10.1146/annurev-environ-012420-050035
616:Almost all wildlife declines in both
7:
3619:8c444d94-588e-4e68-9821-2781e745b6ca
3319:Vegetable oils as alternative energy
1079:"AESA BASED IPM PACKAGE - OIL PALM"
830:The Cambridge World History of Food
3255:Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
3235:Federal Land Development Authority
997:"The State of the World's Insects"
912:"Why palm oil is so controversial"
721:Collins Guide to Tropical Plants,
557:was found to be a cheap source of
37:For the Greek goddess of oil, see
25:
3299:Environmental impact of biodiesel
3358:
3357:
1345:
1044:
462:
437:
78:
32:List of plants known as oil palm
3658:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:31227-1
499:Commercial palm oil cultivation
291:containing two species, called
3282:Certified sustainable palm oil
295:. They are used in commercial
1:
3245:Malaysia Derivatives Exchange
1063:Pennsylvania State University
890:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.078
579:social and environmental harm
509:Since palm oil contains more
454:African oil palm or macaw-fat
643:Journal of Oil Palm Research
638:, another oil-producing palm
3309:Issues relating to biofuels
287: 'oil') is a genus of
3758:
3287:Deforestation by continent
3277:Biofuel policy of Malaysia
3164:Kuala Lumpur Kepong Berhad
2923:Bursaphelenchus cocophilus
835:Cambridge University Press
705:Cambridge University Press
678:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
649:Energy and the environment
502:
36:
29:
3353:
1343:
1163:
703:(4 ed.). Cambridge:
624:in oil palm plantations.
250:
243:
212:
207:
75:Scientific classification
73:
64:
55:
48:
3250:Malaysian Palm Oil Board
695:Gledhill, David (2008).
654:List of Arecaceae genera
325:. The American oil palm
1109:Horticulture Department
995:Eggleton, Paul (2020).
581:, particularly because
303:. The African oil palm
2894:Rhynchophorus palmarum
814:10.1002/ejlt.200600192
378:
3727:Flora of Sierra Leone
2882:Little leaf syndrome
2878:Cadang-cadang disease
873:Carbohydrate Polymers
389:), also rich in oil.
373:
299:in the production of
3292:Southeast Asian haze
3179:Wilmar International
3011:Biodiesel production
2901:Oil palm bunch moth
1053:at Wikimedia Commons
405:can produce fertile
317:, occurring between
3188:Buyers / processors
3144:Equatorial Palm Oil
3041:Transesterification
2871:Ganoderma orbiforme
1580:Johannesteijsmannia
964:. November 9, 2018.
767:10.1038/nature12309
759:2013Natur.500..335S
3139:Carson Cumberbatch
3084:Girl Scout Cookies
3079:Cellulosic ethanol
2920:Red ring disease (
2913:Tirathaba rufivena
2906:Tirathaba mundella
2887:Oryctes rhinoceros
920:. August 24, 2018.
851:on 20 October 2012
699:The Name of Plants
379:
65:African oil palm (
3704:
3703:
3627:Open Tree of Life
3391:Taxon identifiers
3382:
3381:
3268:Policies, impacts
3263:
3262:
3016:Fat hydrogenation
2753:
2752:
2749:
2748:
1816:
1815:
1341:
1340:
1049:Media related to
984:. April 10, 2018.
753:(7462): 335–339.
603:Iceland Foods Ltd
536:Elaeis guineensis
519:Elaeis guineensis
491:
490:
484:American oil palm
446:Elaeis guineensis
397:The two species,
276:
275:
217:Elaeis guineensis
203:
67:Elaeis guineensis
16:(Redirected from
3749:
3732:Arecaceae genera
3697:
3696:
3684:
3683:
3674:
3673:
3661:
3660:
3648:
3647:
3635:
3634:
3622:
3621:
3612:
3611:
3599:
3598:
3586:
3585:
3573:
3572:
3560:
3559:
3547:
3546:
3534:
3533:
3521:
3520:
3508:
3507:
3495:
3494:
3482:
3481:
3469:
3468:
3456:
3455:
3443:
3442:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3386:
3361:
3360:
3223:non-governmental
3119:
2868:Basal stem rot (
2780:
2773:
2766:
2757:
1956:
1661:Chuniophoeniceae
1381:
1349:
1181:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1095:
1083:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1048:
1033:
1032:
1022:
992:
986:
985:
972:
966:
965:
954:
948:
947:
945:
944:
928:
922:
921:
908:
902:
901:
867:
861:
860:
858:
856:
847:. Archived from
824:
818:
817:
795:
789:
788:
778:
735:
729:
719:
713:
712:
702:
692:
686:
685:
674:
521:is also used as
466:
441:
420:
199:
83:
82:
60:
46:
27:Oil palms, genus
21:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3692:
3687:
3679:
3677:
3669:
3664:
3656:
3651:
3643:
3638:
3630:
3625:
3617:
3615:
3607:
3602:
3594:
3589:
3581:
3576:
3568:
3563:
3555:
3550:
3542:
3537:
3529:
3524:
3516:
3511:
3503:
3498:
3490:
3485:
3477:
3472:
3464:
3459:
3451:
3446:
3438:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3393:
3383:
3378:
3349:
3323:
3269:
3259:
3222:
3216:
3183:
3110:
3045:
2999:
2929:
2855:
2848:
2789:
2784:
2754:
2745:
2656:Phoenicophorium
2327:Archontophoenix
2305:
2278:
2223:
2182:
2065:Beccariophoenix
2050:
2002:
1954:
1885:
1812:
1743:
1723:
1696:
1655:
1509:
1489:
1399:
1370:
1350:
1337:
1325:Plectocomiopsis
1261:
1199:
1170:
1169:(2016) taxonomy
1159:
1151:
1114:
1112:
1098:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1067:
1056:
1041:
1036:
994:
993:
989:
974:
973:
969:
962:The Independent
956:
955:
951:
942:
940:
930:
929:
925:
917:The Independent
910:
909:
905:
869:
868:
864:
854:
852:
845:
826:
825:
821:
797:
796:
792:
737:
736:
732:
720:
716:
707:(CUP). p.
694:
693:
689:
676:
675:
671:
667:
630:
589:are destroyed,
575:
552:
507:
501:
496:
471:Elaeis oleifera
395:
353:
227:Elaeis oleifera
198:
77:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3755:
3753:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3709:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3694:wfo-4000013106
3685:
3675:
3662:
3649:
3636:
3623:
3613:
3600:
3587:
3574:
3561:
3548:
3535:
3522:
3509:
3496:
3483:
3470:
3457:
3444:
3434:
3419:
3403:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3221:Governmental /
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3174:TH Plantations
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3036:Saponification
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2890:
2880:
2875:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2814:
2799:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2670:Verschaffeltia
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2600:Brassiophoenix
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2523:Acanthophoenix
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2404:Lepidorrhachis
2400:
2393:
2386:
2383:Burretiokentia
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2245:Pholidostachys
2241:
2233:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2211:Neonicholsonia
2207:
2200:
2192:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1895:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1800:Borassodendron
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1665:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1545:Rhapidophyllum
1541:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1499:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1389:
1387:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1209:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1187:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1105:Andhra Pradesh
1096:
1075:
1054:
1040:
1039:External links
1037:
1035:
1034:
1011:Annual Reviews
987:
967:
949:
923:
903:
862:
843:
819:
808:(3): 237–246.
790:
730:
714:
687:
668:
666:
663:
662:
661:
656:
651:
646:
639:
635:Attalea maripa
629:
626:
605:, produced by
591:greenhouse gas
574:
571:
551:
548:
511:saturated fats
503:Main article:
500:
497:
495:
492:
489:
488:
485:
482:
467:
459:
458:
455:
452:
442:
434:
433:
430:
427:
424:
394:
391:
352:
349:
274:
273:
272:
271:
263:
248:
247:
241:
240:
239:
238:
223:
210:
209:
205:
204:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
134:
133:
128:
121:
120:
115:
108:
107:
102:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
71:
70:
62:
61:
53:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3754:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3449:
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3441:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3304:Food vs. fuel
3302:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3266:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3230:FELCRA Berhad
3228:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3129:Bumitama Agri
3127:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:Organisations
3113:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3094:Vegetable oil
3092:
3090:
3089:Oleochemicals
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3021:Fractionation
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:palmitic acid
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:myristic acid
2971:
2969:
2968:linoleic acid
2966:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2776:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2742:
2741:
2740:Rhopaloblaste
2737:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2635:Rhopalostylis
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2481:Calyptrocalyx
2478:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2460:Lemurophoenix
2457:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2024:Wendlandiella
2021:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2008:Chamaedoreeae
2005:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1831:Pseudophoenix
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1822:Ceroxyloideae
1819:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1670:Chuniophoenix
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1587:Pholidocarpus
1584:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1515:Trachycarpeae
1512:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1405:Cryosophileae
1402:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1205:Lepidocaryeae
1202:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:
998:
991:
988:
983:
982:
977:
971:
968:
963:
959:
953:
950:
939:
938:
933:
927:
924:
919:
918:
913:
907:
904:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
874:
866:
863:
850:
846:
840:
836:
832:
831:
823:
820:
815:
811:
807:
803:
802:
794:
791:
786:
782:
777:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
747:
742:
734:
731:
728:
727:0-00-219112-1
724:
718:
715:
710:
706:
701:
700:
691:
688:
683:
679:
673:
670:
664:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
644:
640:
637:
636:
632:
631:
627:
625:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
592:
588:
584:
580:
572:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
549:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
506:
498:
493:
486:
483:
481:
477:
473:
472:
468:
465:
461:
460:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
443:
440:
436:
435:
432:Distribution
431:
428:
425:
422:
421:
418:
416:
415:E. guineensis
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:E. guineensis
392:
390:
388:
384:
377:
372:
368:
366:
362:
358:
350:
348:
346:
345:South America
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:
306:E. guineensis
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:
270:
267:
264:
262:
258:
255:
252:
251:
249:
246:
242:
237:
233:
229:
228:
224:
222:
219:
218:
214:
213:
211:
206:
202:
197:
196:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
105:Tracheophytes
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
81:
76:
72:
68:
63:
59:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3398:
3369:
3362:
3154:FGV Holdings
3149:Feronia Inc.
2988:stearic acid
2921:
2911:
2904:
2892:
2885:
2869:
2864:Bagworm moth
2854:Diseases and
2839:
2834:E. guineesis
2832:
2826:
2825:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2712:Heterospathe
2710:
2705:Dransfieldia
2703:
2698:Dictyosperma
2696:
2691:Cyrtostachys
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2649:Nephrosperma
2647:
2640:
2633:
2628:Wallaceodoxa
2626:
2619:
2612:
2607:Ptychococcus
2605:
2598:
2591:
2586:Drymophloeus
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2537:Ptychosperma
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2390:Cyphophoenix
2388:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2341:Chambeyronia
2339:
2334:Actinokentia
2332:
2325:
2320:Actinorhytis
2318:
2298:
2291:
2284:Pelagodoxeae
2271:
2264:
2259:Calyptronoma
2257:
2252:Calyptrogyne
2250:
2243:
2236:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2043:
2036:
2031:Synechanthus
2029:
2022:
2015:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1976:Dictyocaryum
1974:
1967:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1914:Sclerosperma
1912:
1905:
1898:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
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1763:
1756:
1736:
1716:
1709:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1650:Washingtonia
1648:
1641:
1634:
1629:Colpothrinax
1627:
1620:
1613:
1608:Acoelorraphe
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1538:Trachycarpus
1536:
1529:
1522:
1502:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1463:Chelyocarpus
1461:
1454:
1449:Leucothrinax
1447:
1440:
1435:Coccothrinax
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1392:
1376:Coryphoideae
1363:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1254:
1247:
1242:Lepidocaryum
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1192:
1185:Eugeissoneae
1165:Baker &
1113:. Retrieved
1103:
1085:
1068:. Retrieved
1065:PlantVillage
1061:
1006:
1000:
990:
979:
970:
961:
952:
941:. Retrieved
935:
926:
915:
906:
877:
871:
865:
853:. Retrieved
849:the original
829:
822:
805:
799:
793:
750:
744:
733:
717:
698:
690:
672:
641:
633:
615:
596:
587:biodiversity
576:
554:
553:
535:
534:
527:
518:
508:
469:
444:
414:
402:
398:
396:
380:
374:Harvesting,
354:
336:
326:
304:
292:
279:
278:
277:
265:
253:
225:
215:
194:
193:
137:
124:
111:
98:
66:
49:
43:
3552:iNaturalist
3423:Wikispecies
3270:and debates
3074:Bioplastics
2951:lauric acid
2946:Palm kernel
2841:E. oleifera
2818:A. speciosa
2719:Hydriastele
2684:Clinostigma
2572:Carpentaria
2530:Tectiphiala
2502:Laccospadix
2446:Clinosperma
2439:Cyphokentia
2432:Neoveitchia
2411:Physokentia
2397:Cyphosperma
2229:Geonomateae
2142:Astrocaryum
2086:Allagoptera
2038:Chamaedorea
1949:Leopoldinia
1928:Reinhardtia
1880:Phytelephas
1684:Nannorrhops
1643:Pritchardia
1552:Maxburretia
1470:Cryosophila
1442:Hemithrinax
1311:Plectocomia
1256:Mauritiella
1228:Laccosperma
1221:Eremospatha
1214:Oncocalamus
1176:Calamoideae
884:: 963–979.
583:rainforests
573:Controversy
429:Common name
403:E. oleifera
387:palm kernel
351:Description
328:E. oleifera
297:agriculture
170:Subfamily:
144:Commelinids
118:Angiosperms
3711:Categories
3371:by country
3328:By country
3169:Sime Darby
3026:Hydrolysis
2978:oleic acid
2934:Components
2733:Loxococcus
2677:Bentinckia
2509:Oncosperma
2488:Linospadix
2425:Satakentia
2418:Carpoxylon
2376:Basselinia
2348:Kentiopsis
2293:Pelagodoxa
2266:Asterogyne
2218:Oenocarpus
2128:Parajubaea
2072:Jubaeopsis
1969:Iriartella
1960:Iriarteeae
1900:Podococcus
1891:Arecoideae
1852:Oraniopsis
1758:Bismarckia
1677:Kerriodoxa
1636:Copernicia
1524:Chamaerops
1495:Phoeniceae
1421:Trithrinax
1318:Myrialepis
1297:Metroxylon
1276:Korthalsia
1194:Eugeissona
1167:Dransfield
1115:2020-11-19
1070:2020-11-19
943:2017-07-19
844:0521402166
665:References
607:Greenpeace
597:In 2018 a
585:with high
567:cellulosic
331:(from
283:(from
174:Arecoideae
18:Palm fruit
3737:Oil seeds
3340:Indonesia
3200:GreenPalm
3159:IOI Group
3122:Producers
3062:by region
3057:Biodiesel
3004:Processes
2811:A. maripa
2795:Oil palms
2663:Roscheria
2642:Hedyscepe
2593:Normanbya
2467:Marojejya
2300:Sommieria
2188:Euterpeae
2163:Desmoncus
2135:Acrocomia
2079:Voanioala
2017:Hyophorbe
1942:Hyospathe
1935:Manicaria
1921:Roystonea
1838:Ceroxylon
1765:Satranala
1749:Borasseae
1729:Corypheae
1702:Caryoteae
1566:Livistona
1484:Sabinaria
1356:Nypoideae
1304:Pigafetta
1283:Eleiodoxa
1154:Arecaceae
1029:1543-5938
1013:: 61–82.
898:0144-8617
855:30 August
622:abundance
618:diversity
611:Clearcast
599:Christmas
563:Indonesia
559:nanofiber
544:Indonesia
515:trans fat
494:Human use
293:oil palms
164:Arecaceae
88:Kingdom:
3722:Cocoseae
3717:Oil palm
3671:40001704
3666:Tropicos
3414:Q7609983
3408:Wikidata
3364:Category
3345:Malaysia
3335:Colombia
3212:Unilever
3050:Products
2963:Palm oil
2941:Mesocarp
2787:Palm oil
2726:Iguanura
2621:Manjekia
2614:Jailoloa
2579:Wodyetia
2565:Veitchia
2551:Adonidia
2516:Deckenia
2204:Prestoea
2170:Barcella
2149:Aiphanes
2056:Cocoseae
1997:Wettinia
1990:Socratea
1983:Iriartea
1873:Aphandra
1866:Ammandra
1807:Borassus
1793:Lodoicea
1772:Hyphaene
1414:Schippia
1385:Sabaleae
1267:Calameae
1249:Mauritia
981:BBC News
882:Elsevier
785:23883927
628:See also
540:Malaysia
505:Palm oil
301:palm oil
266:Alfonsia
245:Synonyms
208:Species
184:Cocoseae
160:Family:
154:Arecales
131:Monocots
3681:5868911
3583:1011559
3570:31227-1
3531:2731881
3134:Cargill
3099:cooking
3031:Milling
2993:stearin
2804:Attalea
2544:Ponapea
2474:Masoala
2369:Pinanga
2311:Areceae
2273:Geonoma
2197:Euterpe
2156:Bactris
2121:Syagrus
2093:Attalea
2045:Gaussia
1859:Ravenea
1786:Latania
1779:Medemia
1738:Corypha
1711:Caryota
1615:Serenoa
1601:Lanonia
1594:Saribus
1573:Licuala
1531:Guihaia
1504:Phoenix
1456:Thrinax
1332:Calamus
1290:Salacca
837:(CUP).
776:3929164
755:Bibcode
523:biofuel
407:hybrids
393:Species
376:Liberia
365:flowers
361:pinnate
341:Central
337:oleifer
190:Genus:
180:Tribe:
150:Order:
92:Plantae
3678:uBio:
3640:PLANTS
3632:891126
3616:NZOR:
3596:500805
3557:132575
3518:111376
3505:111376
3453:285250
3440:190443
3437:APDB:
3429:Elaeis
3399:Elaeis
2827:Elaeis
2558:Balaka
2453:Dypsis
2238:Welfia
2177:Elaeis
2114:Jubaea
1907:Orania
1845:Juania
1718:Arenga
1691:Tahina
1622:Brahea
1559:Rhapis
1428:Zombia
1235:Raphia
1157:genera
1051:Elaeis
1027:
896:
841:
783:
773:
746:Nature
725:
565:where
555:Elaeis
530:Abydos
480:Cortés
411:genome
409:. The
357:leaves
323:Gambia
319:Angola
315:Africa
311:Guinea
309:(from
280:Elaeis
261:Giseke
254:Corozo
236:Cortés
195:Elaeis
50:Elaeis
3645:ELAEI
3609:51952
3578:IRMNG
3492:1EAIG
3479:52881
3466:8VX8F
3207:Neste
3067:Neste
2856:pests
2495:Howea
2362:Nenga
2355:Areca
2107:Cocos
2100:Butia
1477:Itaya
1394:Sabal
1082:(PDF)
1009:(1).
880:(2).
550:Fiber
476:Kunth
450:Jacq.
423:Image
385:(the
335:
333:Latin
289:palms
285:Greek
269:Kunth
257:Jacq.
232:Kunth
221:Jacq.
201:Jacq.
138:Clade
125:Clade
112:Clade
99:Clade
39:Elais
3653:POWO
3604:NCBI
3591:ITIS
3565:IPNI
3544:4146
3539:GRIN
3526:GBIF
3487:EPPO
3448:BOLD
3104:fuel
1365:Nypa
1089:and
1025:ISSN
894:ISSN
857:2012
839:ISBN
781:PMID
723:ISBN
620:and
542:and
426:Name
401:and
383:seed
359:are
343:and
321:and
3689:WFO
3513:FoC
3500:FNA
3474:EoL
3461:CoL
3195:AAK
2956:oil
1015:doi
937:NPR
886:doi
810:doi
806:109
771:PMC
763:doi
751:500
709:279
413:of
259:ex
3713::
3691::
3668::
3655::
3642::
3629::
3606::
3593::
3580::
3567::
3554::
3541::
3528::
3515::
3502::
3489::
3476::
3463::
3450::
3425::
3410::
1107:,
1102:.
1084:.
1060:.
1023:.
1007:45
1005:.
999:.
978:.
960:.
934:.
914:.
892:.
878:87
876:.
833:.
804:.
779:.
769:.
761:.
749:.
743:.
680:.
525:.
478:)
234:)
140::
127::
114::
101::
69:)
2926:)
2874:)
2779:e
2772:t
2765:v
1146:e
1139:t
1132:v
1118:.
1094:.
1073:.
1031:.
1017::
946:.
900:.
888::
859:.
816:.
812::
787:.
765::
757::
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684:.
474:(
230:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
