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1501:. The Persians sued for peace and had to return the Roman provinces they had captured and the stolen relics. In March 629, Heraclius triumphantly returned the True Cross to Jerusalem. Heraclius had promised the Jews pardon for their revolt. However, at the prompting of the Christian leadership, Heraclius went back on his promise. The Jews were expelled from Jerusalem and thousands were massacred.
1561:
870:
1898:, p. 175: The capture of Jerusalem by the Persians in the spring of 614 was a tremendous shock to the Christian world. ... Since the days of Constantine the Great, Jerusalem had been the emblem of the Christian empire and seventh-century Jerusalem was in all respects the Christian city par excellence, the emblematic capital of Christianity, and the symbolical center of the world.
1493:, Jerusalem had been the emblematic capital of Christianity and the symbolic center of the world. The Jews gained dominance over Jerusalem, but the Persians found it more expedient to side with the Christians who constituted the overwhelming majority of the population and in 617 the Persians returned the city to them. Meanwhile, the Roman emperor
1790:, p. 50: Diocletian sought to head off potential threats to his personal security but he also saw the potential for improving efficiency by operating through smaller provincial units. Larger provinces were therefore divided, on an ad hoc basis, into smaller entities, each with its own provincial governor, usually called a
1950:, p. 198: He had promised the Jews ... amnesty ..., but was unable to hold to this. At the insistence of the leaders of the Christians, who had not forgotten the period of Jewish rule from 614 to 617, he once more expelled the Jews from Jerusalem and had to allow large numbers of them to be executed.;
1346:
The province of
Palaestina Prima came into existence in the late 4th century through a series of reforms of the Roman provincial administration which subdivided many provinces into smaller administrative units. The intent of these reforms were to circumscribe the ability of provincial governors with
1519:
Greek-speaking
Byzantine Christians and Samaritans dominated the central regions of Palaestina Prima, while Christian Ghassanid Arabs and Nabataean Arabs dominated Palaestina Secunda and Tertia respectively. The Samaritan revolts in the 5th and 6th centuries, and the subsequent suppression of their
1652:. However, with the decline of the Samaritan and Jewish populations through war, emigration and conversion during the 6th and 7th century, the religion declined as well. By the late Byzantine period, fewer synagogues could be found and many were destroyed in violent events. The city of
1842:: At the end of the 4th century, an enlarged Palestine was divided into three provinces: Prima, with its capital at Caesarea; Secunda, with its capital at Scythopolis (Bet SheŹ¾an); and Salutaris, with its capital at Petra or possibly for a time at Elusa.;
1770:: At the end of the 4th century, an enlarged Palestine was divided into three provinces: Prima, with its capital at Caesarea; Secunda, with its capital at Scythopolis (Bet SheŹ¾an); and Salutaris, with its capital at Petra or possibly for a time at Elusa.;
1874:, p. 452: Caesarea Maritima, ..., and, ..., Jerusalem, fell to the Persians in 614. ... huge numbers of Jerusalemās Christian population were slaughtered ..., and the relic of the Cross itself was removed as a trophy;
1858:, p. 195: the Jews appear to have risked an open revolt ... and to have allied themselves with the Persians. Jewish requests for (above all) the return of Jerusalem met with a positive response from the Persians;
1914:, p. 112-3: The city was left in the control of a Jewish administration that lasted from 614 to 617 ... After 617 the Persians concluded that it was politically more constructive to deal with the Christians;
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1922:, p. 153: the Persians soon shifted their favour to the Christians, no doubt recognising that they formed the overwhelming majority in the province and had to be conciliated.
798:
1862:, p. 322: The Sasanids were aided by the local Jewish population, who had suffered under Byzantine Christian rule and hoped for permission to rebuild the Jerusalem temple.
1886:, p. 195: The Persians conquered Jerusalem ... and ... they destroyed a large number of churches, ransacked the city and caused carnage amongst the Christian population.
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1458:
during that period caused a near extinction of the
Samaritan community as well as significant Christian losses. In the late 6th century, Byzantines and their Christian
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1347:
strong garrisons to stage revolts and to improve efficiency by reducing the area controlled by each governor. Provinces were clustered into regional groups called
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Reinik, Gerrit J. (2002). "Heraclius, the New
Alexander: Apocalyptic Prophecies during the Reign of Heraclius". In G. J. Reinink; Bernard H. Stolte (eds.).
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898:
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128:
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monk, the Jews together with the pagans, constituted the majority in
Palestine in the 5th century. However, some historians have questioned that claim.
783:
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699:
2377:
Drijvers, Jan Willem (2002). "Heraclius and the
Restitutio Crucis: Notes on Symbolism and Ideology". In G. J. Reinink; Bernard H. Stolte (eds.).
1469:
between the
Byzantine Empire and its eastern rival the Sasanid Empire (Persian Empire) broke out. In 613 the Persians invaded the Levant and the
1633:, attracting numerous monks and religious scholars from the Near East and Southern Europe, and abandoning previous Roman and Hellenistic cults.
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against the
Byzantines, hoping to secure autonomy for Jerusalem. The following year Persian-Jewish forces captured Caesarea and
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1910:, p. 176: They may even have ruled, ..., Jerusalem ... However, ... by 617 the Persians seem to have returned the city;
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established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
3579:
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1938:, p. 112: In March 629, the "True Cross" was carried in splendid procession into Jerusalem by the Emperor Heraclius.
1882:, pp. 81ā2: the bloody sack and destruction of Jerusalem in 614, including the loss of the relic of the True Cross;
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1878:, p. 2: in 614 Jerusalem fell - the church of the Holy Sepulchre was destroyed and the relic of the Cross taken;
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728:
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Haldon, John (2002). "The Reign of
Heraclius: a Context for Change?". In G. J. Reinink; Bernard H. Stolte (eds.).
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points out that the region was home to numerous monastic settlements at the time and had a landscape dotted with
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1954:, p. 112: The patriarch of Jerusalem executed those who were known to have taken part in the killings.
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were still at large from the 4th until the 6th centuries, practiced by ethnoreligious communities of
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The
Archaeology of the Holy Land: From the Destruction of Solomon's Temple to the Muslim Conquest
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1688:. The church may have been a significant wine producer, as evidenced by archeological sites like
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2003:
Tilling the Hateful Earth: Agricultural Production and Trade in the Late Antique East
1504:
Byzantine control of the province was again and irreversibly lost in 636, during the
1349:
1145:
874:
672:
608:
208:
2040:
Bar, Doron (2003). "The Christianisation of Rural Palestine during Late Antiquity".
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communities, took its toll on their numbers. Many also converted to Christianity.
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1524:
1454:, a move that gradually escalated into a series of open revolts. The four major
1031:
475:
394:
2513:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
1516:
The population of Palestine reached an all-time peak during the Byzantine era.
1477:, destroying its churches, massacring its Christian population, and taking the
17:
3407:
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2001:
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is notable in being one of the last Jewish cities remaining (although the
1629:
During the Byzantine period, Palestina Prima gradually became a center of
3286:
3256:
3178:
2887:
2802:
2510:
1685:
1669:
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Foss, Clive (2003). "The Persians in the Roman Near East (602ā630 AD)".
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and Christianity found themselves in a hostile environment as well.
3539: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
2092:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland
1839:
1767:
1751:
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Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
1677:
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2526:
2462:
2423:
2317:
Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East
1554:
1446:
Despite Christian domination, until the 4th and 5th centuries
1625:
Map detailing Rashidun Caliphates invasion of Levant 634-639.
37:
2497:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
2380:
The Reign of Heraclius (610-641): Crisis and Confrontation
2193:
The Reign of Heraclius (610-641): Crisis and Confrontation
2072:
The Reign of Heraclius (610-641): Crisis and Confrontation
1357:
and neighboring regions were organized into the provinces
3570:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
2277:
Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 1
1497:
began a successful counter-offensive. By 627/8 he was
2006:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 137ā138.
1481:
and other relics as trophies to the Persian capital
3398:
3305:
3217:
3149:
3106:
3095:
3043:
3005:
2957:
2946:
2873:
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2763:
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2710:
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2614:
2551:
2540:
1668:Written sources from the Byzantine period describe
229:
142:
125:
112:
102:
88:
74:
32:
1338:(Persian Empire) in 614, but re-conquered in 628.
1443:, a diocese grouping the near eastern provinces.
1326:that existed from the late 4th century until the
2130:The History of the Jews in the Greco-Roman World
1462:allies took a clear upper hand in the struggle.
2172:A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284-641
1450:developed some autonomy in the hill country of
3565:States and territories established in the 390s
3520:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
2435:
1293:
892:
8:
3543:'s administrative reorganization in 534ā536
2401:Solomon's Temple: Myth, Conflict, and Faith
2256:Imperial Rome AD 284 to 363: The New Empire
1676:as important commercial hubs that exported
1589:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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2442:
2428:
2420:
1300:
1286:
910:
899:
885:
249:
64:
29:
2477:. Provincial administration reformed and
1609:Learn how and when to remove this message
1485:. The event sent shock-waves through the
1433:, southern Transjordan, and parts of the
3585:Political entities in the Land of Israel
2451:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
2404:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 112ā.
2383:. Peeters Publishers. pp. 175ā190.
2235:A Military Life of Constantine the Great
1907:
1895:
1871:
1539:Depending on the time, either a notable
2359:Palestine: A Four Thousand Year History
1975:
1951:
1947:
1935:
1931:
1915:
1911:
1883:
1859:
1855:
1840:Britannica, Palestine - Roman Palestine
1811:
1787:
1768:Britannica, Palestine - Roman Palestine
1752:Britannica, Palestine - Roman Palestine
1744:
924:
913:
263:
252:
73:
2196:. Peeters Publishers. pp. 81ā94.
1879:
1875:
1843:
1783:
1771:
1680:to many places throughout the empire.
1377:(First, Second, and Third Palestine).
70:Byzantine provinces in the 5th century
2075:. Peeters Publishers. pp. 1ā16.
2042:The Journal of Ecclesiastical History
1835:
1823:
1763:
1437:. These provinces became part of the
162:
158:
141:
124:
111:
101:
97:
83:
7:
1919:
1587:adding citations to reliable sources
1499:advancing into the Persian heartland
104:ā¢ division of the Roman Empire
3630:State of Palestine in the Roman era
3610:7th century in the Byzantine Empire
3605:6th century in the Byzantine Empire
3600:5th century in the Byzantine Empire
3595:4th century in the Byzantine Empire
2169:Mitchell, Stephen (June 11, 2014).
1987:
1963:
1660:had been converted into a Church).
2398:Balfour, Alan (December 3, 2012).
2280:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks.
1547:military presence would be noted.
25:
2314:Lewis, Bernard (April 15, 2011).
2148:Magness, Jodi (August 27, 2012).
1385:encompassed the central parts of
1334:. It was temporarily lost to the
2883:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
2509:in c. 640ā660, although in
2214:A History of Palestine, 634-1099
1559:
935:
868:
274:
213:
188:
3575:Holy Land during Byzantine rule
2493:established after the death of
1389:, including the coastal plain,
2841:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
2765:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
2259:. Edinburgh University Press.
2217:. Cambridge University Press.
2154:. Cambridge University Press.
546:Late Antiquity and Middle Ages
1:
2908:Tripolitania (Roman province)
2486:
2296:"Palestine - Roman Palestine"
1802:ā and administrative capital.
1523:According to the 6th century
1328:Muslim conquest of the Levant
2232:Hughes, Ian (October 2020).
1247:Israeli Civil Administration
27:Byzantine province (390-636)
3516: Re-established after
2828:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
3656:
2238:. Pen and Sword Military.
38:
34:Provincia Palaestina Prima
3506:
3489:Quaestura exercitus (536)
3479:
3468:
2942:
2928:
2536:
2522:
2469:
2458:
2104:10.1017/S1356186303003055
2054:10.1017/S0022046903007309
167:
163:
159:
155:
98:
84:
63:
58:
45:
39:į¼ĻĪ±ĻĻĪÆĪ± Ī ĻĻĻĪ· Ī Ī±Ī»Ī±Ī¹ĻĻĪÆĪ½Ī·Ļ
3365:Palaestina III Salutaris
2561:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
2000:Decker, Michael (2009).
1506:Muslim conquest of Syria
1353:. Thus, the province of
1012:Ancient Israel and Judah
433:10th century BCEā587 BCE
423:10th century BCEā720 BCE
377:Ancient Israel and Judah
364:Late Bronze Age collapse
146:Muslim conquest of Syria
3625:Israel in the Roman era
3532: Placed under the
2893:Mauretania Caesariensis
2712:Diocese of the Britains
2362:. Bloomsbury Academic.
2335:Shahin, Mariam (2005).
2300:Encyclopedia Britannica
2127:SchƤfer, Peter (2003).
1332:the region of Palestine
403:12thā10th centuries BCE
3620:630s disestablishments
3375:Phoenice II Libanensis
3078:Macedonia II Salutaris
2491:praetorian prefectures
2453:(4thā7th centuries AD)
2274:ShahƮd, Irfan (1995).
2253:Harries, Jill (2012).
1658:Cave of the Patriarchs
1626:
1405:and included northern
3097:Praetorian prefecture
2972:Noricum mediterraneum
2948:Praetorian prefecture
2898:Mauretania Sitifensis
2793:Picenum Suburbicarium
2754:Praetorian prefecture
2542:Praetorian prefecture
2489: 293. Permanent
2356:Masalha, Nur (2018).
1624:
1491:Constantine the Great
1262:Palestinian Authority
1067:Hellenistic Palestine
1042:Neo-Babylonian Empire
789:Historical literature
784:Historical population
746:ArabāIsraeli conflict
3580:Late Roman provinces
3528:Diocese of Illyricum
3522:Prefecture of Africa
3277:Galatia II Salutaris
3045:Diocese of Macedonia
2935:Eastern Roman Empire
2697:Mauretania Tingitana
2529:Western Roman Empire
2133:. Psychology Press.
1718:History of Palestine
1583:improve this section
1532:, about a wandering
1489:. Since the days of
1425:with its capital in
1381:with its capital in
1375:Palaestina Salutaris
1257:Palestinian enclaves
1242:Military Governorate
761:IranāIsrael conflict
624:Kingdom of Jerusalem
605:Early Islamic period
579:Byzantine Palaestina
457:Second Temple period
3534:Quaestura exercitus
3307:Diocese of the East
3297:Pontus Polemoniacus
2959:Diocese of Pannonia
2788:Lucania et Bruttium
2735:Maxima Caesariensis
2730:Flavia Caesariensis
2341:. Interlink Books.
2211:Gil, Moshe (1997).
1728:Palestina Salutaris
1401:had its capital in
1227:Egyptian Gaza Strip
1222:Jordanian West Bank
1207:Mandatory Palestine
1101:Diocese of the East
1037:Neo-Assyrian Empire
48:Diocese of the East
3615:390 establishments
3385:Syria II Salutaris
3242:Armenian Satrapies
3015:Dacia Mediterranea
2937:(395–c. 640)
2865:Venetia et Histria
2773:Apulia et Calabria
2474:Notitia Dignitatum
2338:Palestine: A Guide
1723:Palaestina Secunda
1627:
1399:Palaestina Secunda
1364:Palaestina Secunda
1253:State of Palestine
1093:Province of Judaea
476:Hellenistic period
290:Prehistoric Levant
129:Persian occupation
3550:
3549:
3512:Septem Provinciae
3502:
3501:
3474:Other territories
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3247:Armenia III (536)
3219:Diocese of Pontus
3209:Phrygia Salutaris
3204:Phrygia Pacatiana
3108:Diocese of Thrace
3091:
3090:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2875:Diocese of Africa
2748:
2747:
2616:Diocese of Vienne
2606:Maxima Sequanorum
2518:
2517:
2411:978-0-470-67495-6
2390:978-90-429-1228-1
2369:978-1-78699-274-1
2327:978-0-8126-9757-5
2287:978-0-88-402214-5
2266:978-0-7486-2052-4
2245:978-1-5267-2426-7
2224:978-0-521-59984-9
2203:978-90-429-1228-1
2182:978-1-118-34106-3
2161:978-0-521-12413-3
2140:978-0-415-30585-3
2082:978-90-429-1228-1
2013:978-0-19-956528-3
1794:ā but in Italy a
1619:
1618:
1611:
1456:Samaritan Revolts
1440:Dioceses Orientis
1423:Palaestina Tertia
1383:Caesarea Maritima
1370:Palaestina Tertia
1310:
1309:
1079:Hasmonean kingdom
1047:Achaemenid Empire
909:
908:
875:Israel portal
724:
669:
652:
651:
537:
536:
527:Jewish-Roman Wars
486:Hasmonean dynasty
447:
446:
419:Kingdom of Israel
344:
294:
248:
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225:
224:
221:
220:
201:
200:
116:Samaritan Revolts
79:Caesarea Maritima
16:(Redirected from
3647:
3640:Syria Palaestina
3635:Palaestina Prima
3526: Later the
3510: Later the
3470:
3448:Thebais Inferior
3443:Thebais Superior
3400:Diocese of Egypt
3390:Theodorias (528)
3252:Armenia IV (536)
3104:
3007:Diocese of Dacia
2997:Valeria ripensis
2955:
2944:
2930:
2813:Tuscia et Umbria
2761:
2664:Diocese of Spain
2549:
2538:
2524:
2488:
2471:As found in the
2460:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2421:
2415:
2394:
2373:
2352:
2331:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2291:
2270:
2249:
2228:
2207:
2186:
2165:
2144:
2123:
2086:
2065:
2026:
2025:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1945:
1939:
1929:
1923:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1869:
1863:
1853:
1847:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1781:
1775:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1698:
1640:Variants of the
1614:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1563:
1555:
1529:Life of Barsauma
1379:Palaestina Prima
1359:Palaestina Prima
1355:Syria Palaestina
1330:in the 630s, in
1313:Palaestina Prima
1302:
1295:
1288:
1105:Palaestina Prima
1097:Syria Palaestina
1089:Herodian kingdom
1060:Classical period
956:Natufian culture
939:
929:
911:
901:
894:
887:
873:
872:
871:
794:Economic history
722:
667:
644:Mamluk Sultanate
569:Syria Palaestina
550:
549:
496:Herodian dynasty
462:
461:
429:Kingdom of Judah
413:10th century BCE
382:
381:
343:
293:
278:
268:
250:
217:
216:
205:
204:
196:Syria Palaestina
192:
191:
185:
184:
169:
168:
68:
52:Byzantine Empire
46:Province of the
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3546:
3498:
3475:
3452:
3428:Augustamnica II
3394:
3301:
3213:
3151:Diocese of Asia
3145:
3098:
3087:
3073:Macedonia Prima
3039:
3001:
2977:Noricum ripense
2949:
2938:
2912:
2869:
2822:
2755:
2744:
2706:
2658:
2624:Alpes Maritimae
2610:
2596:Lugdunensis III
2553:Diocese of Gaul
2543:
2532:
2531:(395–476)
2514:
2481:established by
2465:
2454:
2448:
2418:
2412:
2397:
2391:
2376:
2370:
2355:
2349:
2334:
2328:
2313:
2304:
2302:
2294:
2288:
2273:
2267:
2252:
2246:
2231:
2225:
2210:
2204:
2189:
2183:
2168:
2162:
2147:
2141:
2126:
2089:
2083:
2068:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2014:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1946:
1942:
1934:, p. 198;
1930:
1926:
1918:, p. 198;
1906:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1870:
1866:
1854:
1850:
1838:, p. 155;
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1782:
1778:
1766:, p. 155;
1762:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1733:Iudaea Province
1709:
1701:Horvat Bet Loya
1692:
1666:
1642:Mosaic religion
1615:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1580:
1564:
1553:
1514:
1487:Christian world
1435:Sinai Peninsula
1344:
1336:Sassanid Empire
1306:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1260:
1237:State of Israel
1202:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1153:
1136:Muslim conquest
1131:
1130:
1119:
1118:
1085:Roman Palestine
1062:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1023:
1006:Egyptian Empire
991:
990:
989:Ancient history
981:
980:
951:
950:
927:
920:
905:
869:
867:
862:
861:
847:Hebrew calendar
832:
824:
823:
779:Historical maps
774:
766:
765:
719:State of Israel
705:British Mandate
662:
654:
653:
634:Ayyubid dynasty
558:Rabbinic period
547:
539:
538:
459:
449:
448:
439:Babylonian rule
409:United Monarchy
379:
369:
368:
286:
266:
259:
244:
240:
236:
214:
189:
148:
135:
118:
105:
69:
36:
33:
28:
23:
22:
18:Palestina Prima
15:
12:
11:
5:
3653:
3651:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3557:
3556:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3524:
3514:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3438:Libya Inferior
3435:
3433:Libya Superior
3430:
3425:
3423:Augustamnica I
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3179:Lycaonia (370)
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3020:Dacia Ripensis
3017:
3011:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2952:
2940:
2939:
2933:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2758:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2682:Carthaginensis
2679:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2649:Novempopulania
2646:
2644:Narbonensis II
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2601:Lugdunensis IV
2598:
2593:
2591:Lugdunensis II
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2546:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2456:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2417:
2416:
2410:
2395:
2389:
2374:
2368:
2353:
2347:
2332:
2326:
2320:. Open Court.
2311:
2292:
2286:
2271:
2265:
2250:
2244:
2229:
2223:
2208:
2202:
2187:
2181:
2166:
2160:
2145:
2139:
2124:
2098:(2): 149ā170.
2087:
2081:
2066:
2048:(3): 401ā421.
2036:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2012:
1992:
1980:
1978:, p. 146.
1968:
1966:, p. 402.
1956:
1940:
1924:
1900:
1888:
1864:
1848:
1828:
1826:, p. 155.
1816:
1804:
1786:, p. 15;
1776:
1756:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1708:
1705:
1665:
1662:
1617:
1616:
1567:
1565:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1513:
1510:
1411:Jezreel Valley
1343:
1340:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1150:Jund al-Urdunn
1140:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1082:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1010:
1008:
1003:
998:
992:
988:
987:
986:
983:
982:
979:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
952:
946:
945:
944:
941:
940:
932:
931:
922:
921:
914:
907:
906:
904:
903:
896:
889:
881:
878:
877:
864:
863:
860:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
837:Jewish history
833:
830:
829:
826:
825:
822:
821:
819:Jewish warfare
816:
814:Jewish leaders
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
775:
772:
771:
768:
767:
764:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
737:
736:
723:(1948āpresent)
715:
714:
713:
712:
702:
697:
692:
691:
690:
685:
680:
665:Modern history
663:
661:Modern history
660:
659:
656:
655:
650:
649:
646:
640:
639:
636:
630:
629:
626:
620:
619:
616:
601:
600:
597:
596:
595:
594:
593:
588:
575:
574:
571:
565:
564:
561:
554:Late antiquity
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
535:
534:
531:
530:
518:
517:
514:
513:
512:
511:
510:
505:
492:
491:
488:
482:
481:
478:
472:
471:
468:
460:
455:
454:
451:
450:
445:
444:
441:
435:
434:
431:
425:
424:
421:
415:
414:
411:
405:
404:
401:
400:
399:
398:
397:
380:
375:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
361:
356:
351:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:
271:
270:
261:
260:
253:
246:
245:
231:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
211:
202:
199:
198:
193:
181:
180:
175:
165:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
143:
140:
139:
136:
126:
123:
122:
119:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
93:Late Antiquity
90:
89:Historical era
86:
85:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
61:
60:
56:
55:
43:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3652:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3553:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3471:
3467:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:Palaestina II
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3267:Cappadocia II
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3237:Armenia Maior
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3094:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2836:Alpes Cottiae
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2702:Tarraconensis
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:Narbonensis I
2637:
2635:
2634:Aquitanica II
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Lugdunensis I
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2495:Constantine I
2492:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2354:
2350:
2348:1-56656-557-X
2344:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2312:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:Drijvers 2002
1904:
1901:
1897:
1896:Drijvers 2002
1892:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:Mitchell 2014
1868:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1814:, p. 51.
1813:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1691:
1690:Horvat Hesheq
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1623:
1613:
1610:
1602:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1568:This section
1566:
1562:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:Jews revolted
1468:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1429:included the
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:All-Palestine
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:Jund Filastin
1143:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
985:
984:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
949:
943:
942:
938:
934:
933:
930:
923:
918:
912:
902:
897:
895:
890:
888:
883:
882:
880:
879:
876:
866:
865:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
828:
827:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
770:
769:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
735:
732:
731:
730:
727:
726:
725:
721:
720:
711:
708:
707:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
689:
686:
684:
683:Mutasarrifate
681:
679:
676:
675:
674:
671:
670:
666:
658:
657:
647:
645:
642:
641:
637:
635:
632:
631:
627:
625:
622:
621:
617:
614:
610:
606:
603:
602:
598:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
582:
581:
580:
577:
576:
572:
570:
567:
566:
562:
559:
555:
552:
551:
543:
542:
532:
528:
524:
523:
520:
519:
515:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
499:
498:
497:
494:
493:
489:
487:
484:
483:
479:
477:
474:
473:
469:
467:
466:Persian Yehud
464:
463:
458:
453:
452:
442:
440:
437:
436:
432:
430:
427:
426:
422:
420:
417:
416:
412:
410:
407:
406:
402:
396:
392:
389:
388:
387:
386:
384:
383:
378:
373:
372:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
345:
342:
341:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
292:
291:
285:Early history
282:
281:
277:
273:
272:
269:
262:
257:
251:
243:
239:
235:
232:
230:Today part of
228:
212:
210:
209:Jund Filastin
207:
206:
203:
197:
194:
187:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
166:
154:
150:
147:
137:
134:
133:Jewish revolt
130:
120:
117:
107:
94:
91:
87:
80:
77:
67:
62:
57:
53:
49:
44:
31:
19:
3552:
3494:Spania (552)
3355:Palaestina I
3354:
3335:Euphratensis
3282:Helenopontus
3262:Cappadocia I
3169:Hellespontus
3068:Epirus Vetus
3035:Praevalitana
2950:of Illyricum
2740:Valentia (?)
2725:Britannia II
2629:Aquitanica I
2507:theme system
2472:
2400:
2379:
2358:
2337:
2316:
2305:December 24,
2303:. Retrieved
2299:
2276:
2255:
2234:
2213:
2192:
2171:
2150:
2129:
2095:
2091:
2071:
2045:
2041:
2002:
1995:
1990:, p. 3.
1983:
1976:Masalha 2018
1971:
1959:
1952:Balfour 2012
1948:SchƤfer 2003
1943:
1936:Balfour 2012
1932:SchƤfer 2003
1927:
1916:SchƤfer 2003
1912:Balfour 2012
1903:
1891:
1884:SchƤfer 2003
1867:
1860:Magness 2012
1856:SchƤfer 2003
1851:
1831:
1819:
1812:Harries 2012
1807:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1788:Harries 2012
1779:
1759:
1747:
1667:
1639:
1631:Christianity
1628:
1605:
1596:
1581:Please help
1569:
1538:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1512:Demographics
1503:
1465:In 602, the
1464:
1445:
1438:
1422:
1409:, the lower
1398:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1345:
1317:Palaestina I
1316:
1312:
1311:
1128:Islamic rule
1104:
756:Silicon Wadi
741:Independence
717:
716:
673:Ottoman rule
664:
585:
522:Roman Judaea
338:
337:
288:
178:Succeeded by
177:
172:
3541:Justinian I
3413:Aegyptus II
3345:Mesopotamia
3292:Paphlagonia
3121:Haemimontus
3099:of the East
3063:Epirus Nova
2987:Pannonia II
2720:Britannia I
2581:Germania II
1880:Reinik 2002
1876:Haldon 2002
1846:, p. 8
1844:Shahin 2005
1784:Hughes 2020
1774:, p. 8
1772:Shahin 2005
1713:Coele-Syria
1693: [
1534:monophysite
1525:hagiography
1407:Transjordan
1403:Scythopolis
1032:Philistines
961:Pre-Pottery
926:History of
852:Archaeology
668:(1517ā1948)
533:6 CEā136 CE
516:37 BCEā6 CE
480:333ā164 BCE
470:538ā333 BCE
443:587ā538 BCE
395:Philistines
385:Iron Age I
265:History of
173:Preceded by
3559:Categories
3518:reconquest
3408:Aegyptus I
3370:Phoenice I
3325:Cilicia II
3232:Armenia II
2982:Pannonia I
2654:Viennensis
2576:Germania I
2571:Belgica II
2511:Asia Minor
2483:Diocletian
1836:Lewis 2011
1824:Lewis 2011
1800:consularis
1798:, later a
1764:Lewis 2011
1739:References
1646:Samaritans
1479:True Cross
1448:Samaritans
1417:, and the
1270:Gaza Strip
1200:Modern era
971:Ghassulian
948:Prehistory
688:Old Yishuv
490:164ā37 BCE
391:Israelites
333:Ghassulian
3320:Cilicia I
3272:Galatia I
3227:Armenia I
3194:Pamphylia
3126:Moesia II
3083:Thessalia
2860:Raetia II
2692:Lusitania
2687:Gallaecia
2677:Balearica
2566:Belgica I
2175:. Wiley.
2120:162252154
2112:0035-869X
2062:0022-0469
2022:316430311
1920:Foss 2003
1796:corrector
1686:vineyards
1570:does not
1495:Heraclius
1483:Ctesiphon
1475:Jerusalem
1467:final war
1460:Ghassanid
1387:Palestine
1321:Byzantine
1266:West Bank
1113:Salutaris
1075:Antigonus
1027:Philistia
1001:Phoenicia
928:Palestine
804:Jerusalem
751:Austerity
648:1260ā1517
638:1174ā1260
628:1099ā1291
508:Tetrarchy
318:Yarmukian
303:Mushabian
242:Palestine
3287:Honorias
3257:Bithynia
3030:Moesia I
3025:Dardania
2967:Dalmatia
2888:Byzacena
2855:Raetia I
2803:Sardinia
2778:Campania
2756:of Italy
2479:dioceses
1988:Gil 1997
1964:Bar 2003
1707:See also
1635:Arianism
1599:May 2024
1551:Religion
1350:dioceses
1324:province
1172:Crusader
1142:Rashidun
1071:Seleucus
966:Tahunian
917:a series
915:Part of
773:By topic
729:Timeline
618:638ā1099
609:Filastin
328:Nizzanim
313:Harifian
308:Natufian
256:a series
254:Part of
3484:Taurica
3418:Arcadia
3380:Syria I
3350:Osroene
3340:Isauria
3199:Pisidia
3174:Islands
3141:Thracia
3136:Scythia
3131:Rhodope
2850:Aemilia
2846:Liguria
2818:Valeria
2808:Sicilia
2798:Samnium
2783:Corsica
2672:Baetica
2544:of Gaul
2499:Ravenna
2464:History
2033:Sources
1792:praeses
1670:Ascalon
1664:Economy
1591:removed
1576:sources
1545:Persian
1452:Samaria
1415:Galilee
1395:Samaria
1342:History
1187:Ottoman
1177:Ayyubid
1167:Fatimid
1162:Abbasid
1157:Umayyad
1109:Secunda
976:Jericho
857:Museums
842:Yahwism
831:Related
809:Zionism
799:Judaism
695:Zionism
599:395ā638
591:Secunda
573:136ā395
503:Kingdom
349:Retjenu
298:Kebaran
144:ā¢
138:614ā628
127:ā¢
121:484ā572
114:ā¢
75:Capital
59:395ā636
3536:in 536
3330:Cyprus
3315:Arabia
3116:Europa
3053:Achaea
2503:Africa
2408:
2387:
2366:
2345:
2324:
2284:
2263:
2242:
2221:
2200:
2179:
2158:
2137:
2118:
2110:
2079:
2060:
2020:
2010:
1682:Jerome
1654:Hebron
1421:area.
1413:, the
1393:, and
1367:, and
1319:was a
1232:Israel
1182:Mamluk
1016:Israel
996:Canaan
919:on the
710:Yishuv
678:Eyalet
613:Urdunn
563:70ā638
354:Habiru
340:Canaan
323:Lodian
267:Israel
258:on the
238:Jordan
234:Israel
3590:Judea
3189:Lydia
3184:Lycia
3164:Caria
3058:Creta
2992:Savia
2116:S2CID
1697:]
1541:Roman
1431:Negev
1427:Petra
1419:Golan
1391:Judea
1212:Nakba
1020:Judah
734:Years
586:Prima
359:Shasu
3159:Asia
2501:and
2406:ISBN
2385:ISBN
2364:ISBN
2343:ISBN
2322:ISBN
2307:2020
2282:ISBN
2261:ISBN
2240:ISBN
2219:ISBN
2198:ISBN
2177:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2135:ISBN
2108:ISSN
2077:ISBN
2058:ISSN
2018:OCLC
2008:ISBN
1699:and
1678:wine
1674:Gaza
1672:and
1650:Jews
1648:and
1574:any
1572:cite
700:OETA
131:and
2848:et
2100:doi
2050:doi
1585:by
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1373:or
1315:or
151:636
108:395
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2485:,
2298:.
2114:.
2106:.
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2094:.
2056:.
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2044:.
2016:.
1703:.
1695:he
1508:.
1397:.
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1268:;
1264:;
1259:;
1152:)
1148:,
1115:))
1111:,
1107:,
1099:,
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2351:.
2330:.
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