2473:
this revived institution and of the greatness of its imperial protector. While the action of
Napoleon aroused in many Jews of Germany the hope that, influenced by it, their governments also would grant them the rights of citizenship, others looked upon it as a political contrivance. When in the war against Prussia (1806–07) the emperor invaded Poland and the Jews rendered great services to his army, he remarked, laughing, "The sanhedrin is at least useful to me." David Friedländer and his friends in Berlin described it as a spectacle that Napoleon offered to the
1583:. Roman legislation severely reduced the scope of its authority, but confirmed the body's ultimate authority in religious matters. In an attempt to quash revolutionary elements, Rome in effect declared one form of Judaism to be the only recognized form of religion. This led to persecution of sectarian groups, and attempts by these groups to find fault with the Sanhedrin before the Roman government.
76:
70:
3429:
2928:
2450:
2489:
1085:
1779:). Each city could have its own lesser Sanhedrin of 23 judges, but there could be only one greater Sanhedrin of 71, which among other roles acted as the Supreme Court, taking appeals from cases decided by lesser courts. The uneven numbers of judges were predicated on eliminating the possibility of a tie, and the last to cast his vote was the head of the court.
38:
82:
1603:
1787:
The
Sanhedrin as a body claimed powers that lesser Jewish courts did not have. As such, they were the only ones who could try the king, extend the boundaries of the Temple and Jerusalem, and were the ones to whom all questions of law were finally put. Moreover, the lesser Sanhedrin of 23 judges was
2472:
On 6 October 1806, the
Assembly of Notables issued a proclamation to all the Jewish communities of Europe, inviting them to send delegates to the Sanhedrin, to convene on 20 October. This proclamation, written in Hebrew, French, German, and Italian, speaks in extravagant terms of the importance of
1846:, half inside the sanctuary and half outside, with doors providing access variously to the Temple and to the outside. The name presumably arises to distinguish it from the buildings in the Temple complex used for ritual purposes, which could not be constructed of stones hewn by any
2428:
2013:(prince), who was the chairman of the assembly, enjoyed almost royal authority. His functions were political rather than religious, though the office’s influence was not limited to the secular realm. The Patriarchate attained its zenith under
1708:' ambivalence about the project. Sabotage is a possibility, as is an accidental fire. Divine intervention was the common view among Christian historians of the time. As a reaction against Julian's pro-Jewish stance, the later emperor
1751:, may have fallen out with the imperial authorities. Thereafter, Jews were gradually excluded from holding public office. A law dated to 429, however, refers to the existence of a Sanhedrin in each of the Eastern Roman provinces of
1411:
The exact nature of this early
Sanhedrin is not clear. It may have been a body of sages or priests, or a political, legislative and judicial institution. The first historical record of the body was during the administration of
1860:
By the end of the Second Temple period, the
Sanhedrin reached its pinnacle of importance, legislating all aspects of Jewish religious and political life within parameters laid down by Biblical and Rabbinic tradition.
1747:) into the imperial treasury. The exact reason for the abrogation of the patriarchate is not clear, though Gamaliel VI, the last holder of the office who had been for a time elevated by the emperor to the rank of
1996:, and with the decline of the Sanhedrin, their spiritual and legal authority was generally accepted, the institution itself being supported by voluntary contributions by Jews throughout the ancient world.
1183:
called sanhedrins: Greater and Lesser. A lesser
Sanhedrin of 23 judges was appointed to sit as a tribunal in each city. There was only one Great Sanhedrin of 71 judges, which, among other roles, acted as a
4110:
1853:
In some cases, it was necessary only for a 23-member panel (functioning as a Lesser
Sanhedrin) to convene. In general, the full panel of 71 judges was convened only on matters of national significance (
1422:
in 57 BCE as Roman administration was not concerned with religious affairs unless sedition was suspected. Only after the destruction of the Second Temple was the
Sanhedrin made up only of sages.
1727:
recommended change to a mathematically based calendar that was adopted at a clandestine, and maybe final, meeting in 358 CE. This marked the last universal decision made by the Great
Sanhedrin.
1328:, they were the same officers who were beaten in Egyptian slavery for failing to meet Pharaoh's quota of bricks, and after the Exodus were rewarded with membership on the first Sanhedrin.
1324:, these 70 elders plus Moses himself are the source for the 71 judges of the "Great Sanhedrin". These elders are described as "the elders of the people and its officers", according to a
4120:
1309:
and the
Israelites were commanded by God to establish courts of judges. They were also commanded to establish a "supreme court" located at the central sanctuary (after arriving in the
3559:
3293:
1869:
The following is a summary of the powers and responsibilities of the Patriarchate from the onset of the third century, based on rabbinic sources as understood by L.I. Levine:
4115:
1436:(57 BCE), who abolished the constitution and the then existing form of government of Palestine and divided the country into five provinces, at the head of each of which a
1817:(late 1st century BCE and early 1st century CE), the Nasi was almost invariably a descendant of Hillel. The second highest-ranking member of the Sanhedrin was called the
4140:
2763:
Grabbe, Lester L. "Sanhedrin, Sanhedriyyot, or Mere Invention?" Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period 39, no. 1 (2008): 1–19.
2444:
4160:
4135:
1716:
illegal. Capital punishment was prescribed for any Rabbi who received ordination, as well as complete destruction of the town where the ordination occurred.
1346:). The minimum size of a "community" is 10 men, thus 10 vs 10. One more is required to achieve a majority (11 vs. 10), but a simple majority cannot convict (
4052:
3959:
3793:
3453:
2952:
1657:
1940:
and guarded the intricacies of the needed calculations, in an effort to constrain interference by the Babylonian community. Christian persecution obliged
1353:), and so an additional judge is required (12 vs. 10). Finally, a court should have an odd number of judges to prevent deadlocks; thus 23 rather than 22.
1960:
uncovered a structure dating to the 3rd century CE that may have been the seat of the Sanhedrin when it convened in that city. At the time it was called
2398:, and in Babylon (Iraq), but none of these attempts were given attention by later rabbinic authorities and little information is available about them.
3981:
4037:
3894:
3564:
3531:
1993:
4042:
4032:
3788:
2386:
1286:
3273:
4145:
3149:
1687:(270–290), due to Roman persecution, it dropped the name Sanhedrin; and its authoritative decisions were subsequently issued under the name of
3947:
3942:
3225:
3191:
3016:
2896:
2860:
2788:
2691:
2469:
in answer to the twelve questions submitted to it by the government. It did not follow the halakhic procedures of the traditional Sanhedrin.
1172:' or 'council') was a legislative and judicial assembly of either 23 or 71 elders, existing at both a local and central level in the ancient
601:
1932:
Taxation: both the power to tax and the authority to rule/intervene on the disposition of taxes raised for local purposes by local councils.
4130:
3964:
3675:
2421:
959:
3627:
3609:
1988:
head of the Sanhedrin, but in 191 BCE, when the Sanhedrin lost confidence in the High Priest, the chair passed to the new office of the
1004:
3647:
4150:
3136:
3106:
3065:
2831:
1115:
1944:
to fix the calendar in permanent form in 359 CE. This institution symbolized the passing of authority from the Patriarchate to the
4125:
3444:
2943:
3952:
3899:
3889:
3803:
3584:
1945:
1700:(r. 355–363 CE), an apostate from Christianity, ordered the Temple rebuilt. The project's failure has been ascribed to the
3798:
3251:
The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia: an authoritative and popular presentation of Jews and Judaism since the earliest times
977:
3969:
3808:
3554:
3524:
2454:
1957:
3818:
3813:
3657:
3637:
2453:
Medallion struck in honor of the "Grand Sanhedrin" convened by Emperor Napoleon I of France. In the collection of the
402:
1788:
the only juridical body in Israel having the statutory and constitutional authority and power to render a verdict of
1676:(220–230), a son of Judah ha-Nasi, where it became more of a consistory, but still retained, under the presidency of
4155:
3599:
3594:
188:
92:
31:
2394:
There are records of what may have been attempts to reform the Sanhedrin in Arabia, in Jerusalem under the Caliph
1792:
to would-be offenders, and the greater Sanhedrin of 71 judges was solely authorized to send forth the people to a
1316:
When Moses declared that the task of leading the people was too difficult for him, God had him appoint 70 elders (
3741:
2391:
Since the dissolution of the Sanhedrin in or around 358 CE, there have been several attempts to re-establish it.
1701:
208:
151:
2537:
1516:
1500:
1491:, and ordinary Jews whose families had a pure lineage such that their daughters were allowed to marry priests.
1069:
967:
690:
1539:. This body is described as a court led by the High Priest or leading priests, as well as the "elders" and/or
1807:
head of the Sanhedrin, but in 191 BCE, when the Sanhedrin lost confidence in the High Priest, the office of
3909:
3574:
3569:
3517:
3090:
3049:
1887:
1829:
means 'father of the house of judgment'), who presided over the Sanhedrin when it sat as a criminal court.
1150:
218:
118:
1902:
Issuing enactments and decrees with respect to the applicability or release from legal requirements, e.g.:
1270:(house of learning). The last universally binding decision of the Great Sanhedrin appeared in 358 when the
3935:
3736:
2546:
1568:
1059:
695:
4007:
3986:
3925:
3920:
3746:
3680:
3501:
2507:
2239:
1653:
1591:
1169:
1108:
1064:
982:
2408:
and the Sanhedrin. There have been several attempts to implement Maimonides' recommendations by Rabbi
1571:
to the extent that other groups had. Thus the Sanhedrin in Yavneh was comprised almost exclusively of
3667:
3652:
3340:
2751:
2466:
2054:
1936:
Up to the middle of the fourth century, the Patriarchate retained the prerogative of determining the
1764:
1741:, the last remains of the ancient Sanhedrin. An imperial decree of 426 diverted the patriarchs' tax (
1521:
1214:
1039:
972:
127:
3153:
4012:
3852:
3685:
2205:
2009:
1989:
1833:
1808:
1752:
1738:
1697:
1576:
1468:
1222:
1194:
994:
685:
458:
294:
3408:"Rabban Gamaliel of Yavneh and his Sons: The Patriarchate before and after the Bar Kokhva Revolt,"
1260:, the governing legal body of Galilean Jewry. In the late 200s CE, to avoid persecution, the name
4105:
4027:
3642:
3622:
2566:
2417:
2173:
2159:
2073:
1789:
1556:
1394:
1282:
1054:
384:
198:
161:
53:
3484:
1842:), which has been placed by the Talmud and many scholars as built into the northern wall of the
4059:
3930:
3845:
3768:
3731:
3695:
3345:
3335:
3221:
3187:
3181:
3132:
3102:
3061:
3012:
3008:
2971:
2892:
2856:
2784:
2778:
2687:
2664:; i.e., the 10 spies who had spread a bad report about the land, thus a "community" is 10 men.
2502:
2224:
2131:
1618:
1383:
1245:
477:
272:
180:
3215:
3094:
3053:
2888:
2706:
Mantel, Hugo. (1972) "Sanhedrin". in Encyclopaedia Judaica. Jerusalem: Macmillan. 14, p. 836
3840:
3726:
3721:
3700:
3632:
3579:
3457:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 487–410, see page 403.
3004:
2956:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 487–410, see page 403.
2524:
2413:
2145:
2111:
2000:
1814:
1398:
1249:
1180:
1101:
763:
662:
398:
359:
344:
100:
75:
1198:, who functioned as its head or representing president, and was a member of the court; the
4002:
3832:
3780:
3756:
3751:
3440:
2996:
2939:
2835:
2658:
2035:
1937:
1857:, a declaration of war) or when the 23-member panel failed to reach a conclusive verdict.
1720:
1476:
1441:
1340:
1278:
1271:
1226:
1133:
999:
907:
801:
354:
146:
111:
4084:
3183:
Mishnah and the social formation of the early Rabbinic Guild: a socio-rhetorical approach
2828:
2824:
2780:
Mishnah and the social formation of the early Rabbinic Guild: a socio-rhetorical approach
2646:
1629:. This region was the location of the court of the Patriarch which was situated first at
1551:
After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, the Sanhedrin was re-established in
3167:
1915:
Status of Hellenistic cities of the Land of Israel re: purity, tithing, sabbatical year;
1723:
was based on witnesses' testimony, which had become far too dangerous to collect, rabbi
1192:
without qualifier usually refers to the Great Sanhedrin, which was presided over by the
17:
4022:
3690:
3589:
3540:
2681:
2512:
2494:
2092:
1626:
1610:
1587:
1433:
1413:
1373:
1347:
1310:
1173:
1137:
1089:
863:
658:
547:
453:
349:
225:
213:
156:
139:
106:
2404:(1135–1204) proposed a rationalist solution for achieving the goal of re-establishing
4099:
4047:
3448:
3435:
3367:
3080:
3039:
2947:
2934:
2881:
2014:
1793:
1734:
1665:
1649:
1536:
1512:
1241:
1185:
915:
830:
339:
239:
203:
69:
3495:
1575:
scholars. The imperial Roman government recognized the Sanhedrin. They regarded the
3705:
3479:
3465:
2269:
1843:
1709:
1673:
1302:
1277:
Over the centuries, attempts have been made to revive the institution, such as the
1248:, the Great Sanhedrin moved to Galilee, which became part of the Roman province of
1049:
1044:
989:
868:
773:
733:
680:
634:
438:
247:
2427:
3249:
1767:
identifies two classes of rabbinical courts called Sanhedrin, a Great Sanhedrin (
1432:
for the first time in connection with the decree of the Roman governor of Syria,
3331:
3180:
Jack N. Lightstone; Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion (13 May 2002).
2777:
Jack N. Lightstone; Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion (13 May 2002).
2677:
2409:
2366:
2298:
2219:
2187:
1981:
1819:
1800:
1730:
1684:
1634:
1630:
1449:
1200:
675:
132:
81:
2449:
2416:
in 1830, Rabbi Aharon Mendel haCohen in 1901, Rabbi Zvi Kovsker in 1940, Rabbi
1467:
describes the Sanhedrin in this period further. The Great Sanhedrin met in the
4064:
3617:
3362:
3321:
3294:
The Persian conquest of Jerusalem in 614 compared with Islamic conquest of 638
2661:
2635:
2609:
2587:
2583:
2484:
2462:
2401:
2340:
2004:
1832:
During the Second Temple period, the Sanhedrin met in a building known as the
1602:
1580:
1440:
was placed; Jerusalem was the seat of one of these. Later, Josephus describes
1343:
920:
670:
463:
258:
3349:
2598:
1350:
3761:
3475:
3128:
2533:
2327:
2311:
1941:
1724:
1661:
1638:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1540:
1472:
1368:
1218:
1163:
888:
587:
433:
410:
2973:
History of the Jewish nation after the destruction of Jerusalem under Titus
1188:, taking appeals from cases that lesser courts decided. In general usage,
4017:
3877:
3311:, Rabbi Nassan describes "the seventy judges who comprise the Sanhedrin".
2353:
2282:
1677:
1669:
1642:
1532:
1425:
1332:
1146:
945:
930:
893:
883:
878:
743:
629:
582:
568:
425:
374:
193:
166:
1594:
in 80 CE. In 116 it moved back to Yavneh, and then again back to Usha.
3872:
3867:
3325:
3084:
3043:
2764:
2623:
2528:
2253:
2018:
1975:
1748:
1713:
1689:
1622:
1606:
1488:
1480:
1464:
1452:, due to having executed alleged criminals without permission from the
1331:
The 23 judges of the "Lesser Sanhedrin" are derived from the following
1325:
1321:
1234:
1230:
1029:
935:
853:
758:
748:
703:
563:
558:
529:
517:
485:
364:
331:
315:
310:
300:
263:
61:
37:
3974:
3882:
3862:
1912:
Repurchase or redemption of formerly Jewish land from gentile owners;
1906:
1733:(400–425) was the Sanhedrin's last president. With his death in 425,
1456:. Eventually, though, Herod would go on to kill many members of this
1336:
1290:
1034:
925:
873:
858:
848:
843:
816:
811:
794:
768:
753:
738:
713:
708:
624:
577:
552:
534:
448:
443:
420:
379:
369:
305:
282:
277:
2879:
Nicholas Robert Michael De Lange; Jane S. Gerber (15 October 1997).
1535:
appeared, and also in chapter 7 in relation to the stoning death of
1140:
1274:
was established. The Great Sanhedrin was finally disbanded in 425.
3434:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2933:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2540:
2474:
2448:
2426:
2191:
1601:
1552:
1484:
1390:
1306:
940:
838:
787:
780:
644:
639:
619:
614:
609:
524:
512:
507:
502:
495:
490:
415:
287:
253:
36:
3509:
3471:
English web site of the re-established Jewish Sanhedrin in Israel
3470:
3494:
3397:"The Roman State and the Jewish Patriarch in the Third Century,"
2395:
1847:
1024:
539:
3513:
1712:(r. 379–395 CE) forbade the Sanhedrin to assemble and declared
1444:(at the time governor of Galilee) as being summoned before the
1320:) to share the burden of leadership with him. According to the
1992:. The Sanhedrin was headed by the chief scholars of the great
1705:
3274:"Researchers say Tiberias basilica may have housed Sanhedrin"
1896:
Appointment of judges to Jewish courts in the Land of Israel;
1526:
1506:
1402:
1377:
1264:
was dropped and its decisions were issued under the name of
1579:
as their own paid government official with the status of a
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2465:
to give legal sanction to the principles expressed by the
2461:
The "Grand Sanhedrin" was a Jewish high court convened by
1563:. Vespasian agreed in part due to the perception that the
1909:
produce and applicability of sabbatical year injunctions;
1252:. In this period, the Sanhedrin was sometimes called the
1161:
1386:(17:49), a Jewish religious book translated into Greek.
27:
Assemblies of twenty-three or seventy-one Jewish elders
4111:
1st-century BC establishments in the Hasmonean Kingdom
3466:
Secular and religious history of the Jewish Sanhedrin
3254:. The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, inc. p. 399
3368:
Sefer Mishneh Torah (Maimonides' Code of Jewish Law)
3327:
Mishnah, with Maimonides' Commentary (Seder Nezīqīn)
3995:
3908:
3831:
3779:
3714:
3666:
3608:
3547:
2672:
2670:
2536:, a general term for judiciary organs of Greek and
1313:), to handle cases too difficult for local courts.
3415:"The Patriarch (Nasi) in Third-Century Palestine,"
2880:
2874:
2872:
1956:In 2004, excavations in Tiberias conducted by the
1204:or the chief of the court, who was second to the
3214:Esther Rogoff Taus; Zev Garber (28 April 2008).
1225:. The Great Sanhedrin convened every day except
4121:Governing assemblies of religious organizations
1929:Dispatching emissaries to diaspora communities;
1879:Receiving daily visits from prominent families;
1555:, with reduced authority, by agreement between
1339:" to vote for both conviction and exoneration (
1515:, including in the Gospels in relation to the
3525:
2683:Wanderings: Chaim Potok's History of the Jews
1876:Focus of leadership in the Jewish community:
1416:, who, according to Josephus, organized five
1109:
8:
3186:. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 189.
3119:
3117:
2883:The illustrated history of the Jewish people
2846:
2844:
2783:. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 192.
2516:
1961:
1837:
1824:
1774:
1768:
1625:became the seat of rabbinic learning in the
1397:, until 76 BCE, followed by his wife, Queen
1265:
1205:
3289:
3287:
3220:. University Press of America. p. 97.
2438:
1742:
1617:Rabbinic texts indicate that following the
1417:
1217:, the Great Sanhedrin met in the Temple in
4116:420s disestablishments in the Roman Empire
3711:
3532:
3518:
3510:
1495:The trial of Jesus, and early Christianity
1116:
1102:
48:
2829:"Julian the Apostate and the Holy Temple"
1680:(230–270), the power of excommunication.
1168:, 'assembly,' 'sitting together,' hence '
4141:Jews and Judaism in the Byzantine Empire
3459:III.—From the Dispersion to Modern Times
3330:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Translated by
2958:III.—From the Dispersion to Modern Times
2023:
1994:Talmudic Academies in the Land of Israel
3009:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.8133
2657:The Hebrew term "community" appears in
2558:
2387:Modern attempts to revive the Sanhedrin
1873:Representative to Imperial authorities;
60:
2445:Napoleon Bonaparte's "Grand Sanhedrin"
2439:Napoleon Bonaparte's "Grand Sanhedrin"
1586:The seat of the Patriarchate moved to
4161:Greek words and phrases in Jewish law
2851:Hayim Ben-Sasson (October 15, 1985).
2619:
2617:
2431:Inauguration of the Sanhedrin in 2004
1823:, or 'Head of the Court' (literally,
7:
4136:Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire
3676:Timeline of the Second Temple period
3505:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2765:http://www.jstor.org/stable/24670033
1648:The Great Sanhedrin moved in 140 to
1141:
3003:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2567:"Greek Lexicon :: G4892 (KJV)"
1775:
1769:
1511:is mentioned 22 times in the Greek
3560:Jewish history in Israel/Palestine
3123:Goldwurm, Hersh and Holder, Meir,
2976:. T. Constable and co. p. 551
1885:Initiating or abrogating the ban (
25:
3493:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2422:a group of Israeli rabbis in 2004
3427:
2926:
2825:"Julian and the Jews 361–363 CE"
2487:
1924:Use of oil produced by gentiles;
1921:Conditions in divorce documents;
1882:Declaration of public fast days;
1672:in 220, under the presidency of
1668:(165–220). Finally, it moved to
1366:The first historic mention of a
1083:
80:
74:
68:
3890:Talmudic academies in Babylonia
3648:Judah's revolts against Babylon
1999:Being a member of the house of
1813:was created. After the time of
1475:. It convened every day except
2853:A History of the Jewish People
1:
4146:Judaism-related controversies
3401:The Galilee in late Antiquity
3166:Babylonian Talmud: Sanhedrin
3127:, I "The Second Temple Era" (
2527:, a similar body in medieval
2521:('Men of the Great Assembly')
1946:Babylonian Talmudic academies
1865:Summary of Patriarchal powers
1696:In the year 363, the emperor
1335:: it must be possible for a "
1240:After the destruction of the
3970:Expulsion of Jews from Spain
3390:"Patriarchs and Scholarchs,"
3125:History of the Jewish People
2855:. Harvard University Press.
2455:Jewish Museum of Switzerland
1958:Israel Antiquities Authority
1567:had not participated in the
1527:
1507:
1403:
1162:
4131:Jewish courts and civil law
3417:ANRW 2.19.2 (1979), 649–88.
3001:Oxford Classical Dictionary
2517:
1962:
1899:Regulation of the calendar;
1838:
1825:
1794:battle waged of free choice
1744:post excessum patriarchorum
1531:" in chapter 5 where rabbi
1266:
1221:, in a building called the
1206:
45:, from an 1883 encyclopedia
4177:
2999:. In Tim Whitmarsh (ed.).
2887:. Harcourt Brace. p.
2442:
2384:
1973:
1773:) and a Lesser Sanhedrin (
1664:, under the presidency of
1525:, which mentions a "Great
1498:
1378:
1258:Patriarchate of Palaestina
1179:There were two classes of
1154:
32:Sanhedrin (disambiguation)
29:
4075:
3403:(New York, 1992), 127.39.
2997:"The Jewish patriarchate"
2970:Alfred Edersheim (1856).
2543:and treaty organisations.
2029:
2003:and thus a descendant of
1702:Galilee earthquake of 363
1683:During the presidency of
1210:; and 69 general members
4151:Rabbinical organizations
3900:Revolt against Heraclius
3628:Ancient Israel and Judah
3610:Ancient Israel and Judah
2518:Anshei Knesset HaGedolah
1918:Exemptions from tithing;
1652:under the presidency of
1590:under the presidency of
1547:During Jewish–Roman Wars
1501:Sanhedrin trial of Jesus
18:Palestinian Patriarchate
4126:Historical legislatures
3585:Expulsions and exoduses
3476:The Jewish Court System
3454:Encyclopædia Britannica
3392:PAAJR 48 (1981), 57–85.
3091:Oxford University Press
3050:Oxford University Press
2953:Encyclopædia Britannica
1952:Archaeological findings
1783:Function and procedures
1598:After Bar Kokhba Revolt
1483:. Its members included
1389:The Hasmonean court in
1244:and the failure of the
3936:Invasion of Banu Nadir
3737:First Jewish-Roman War
3399:in L.I. Levnie (ed.),
3248:Isaac Landman (1941).
3152:. CUNY. Archived from
2995:Lee I. Levine (2018).
2810:Ammianus Marcellinus,
2686:. Knopf. p. 191.
2610:Numbers 11:16–17,24–25
2547:Tombs of the Sanhedrin
2458:
2432:
1743:
1737:outlawed the title of
1656:, and subsequently to
1614:
1418:
46:
3987:Medieval antisemitism
3926:Siege of Banu Qaynuqa
3921:Siege of Banu Qurayza
3895:Revolt against Gallus
3681:Second Temple Judaism
3502:Catholic Encyclopedia
3410:JJS 50 (1999), 21–37.
2508:Beth din shel Kohanim
2452:
2430:
2257:HaNasi (ThePresident)
2240:Shimon ben Gamliel II
1974:Further information:
1654:Shimon ben Gamliel II
1605:
1577:head of the Sanhedrin
1448:, led by High Priest
1254:Galilean Patriarchate
40:
3948:Sephardic Golden Age
3742:Battle of Beth Horon
3668:Second Temple period
3653:Babylonian captivity
3129:Mesorah Publications
2467:Assembly of Notables
2055:Joshua ben Perachyah
1763:The Talmud tractate
1522:Acts of the Apostles
1215:Second Temple period
30:For other uses, see
3686:Hellenistic Judaism
3595:Political movements
3486:Jewish Encyclopedia
3406:Habas (Rubin), E.,
2599:Deuteronomy 17:9–12
2588:Deuteronomy 1:15–18
2206:Eleazar ben Azariah
2017:, who compiled the
1980:Before 191 BCE the
1834:Hall of Hewn Stones
1799:Before 191 BCE the
1719:However, since the
1469:Hall of Hewn Stones
1393:, presided over by
1223:Hall of Hewn Stones
995:Abrahamic religions
894:Selichot (S'lichot)
686:Bar and bat mitzvah
189:Principles of faith
3643:Assyrian Captivity
3623:Origins of Judaism
3565:Population history
2834:2005-10-20 at the
2647:Rashi, Exodus 5:14
2459:
2433:
2418:Yehuda Leib Maimon
2174:Yohanan ben Zakkai
2160:Shimon ben Gamliel
2146:Gamaliel the Elder
2074:Simeon ben Shetach
1790:capital punishment
1615:
1559:and Roman Emperor
1557:Yochanan ben Zakai
1395:Alexander Jannaeus
1283:Napoleon Bonaparte
1090:Judaism portal
1055:Holocaust theology
47:
4156:Hasmonean Kingdom
4093:
4092:
4085:WP:Jewish history
3943:Under Muslim rule
3931:Battle of Khaybar
3846:Synagogal Judaism
3827:
3826:
3769:Bar Kokhba revolt
3732:Jewish-Roman Wars
3696:Hasmonean kingdom
3638:Kingdom of Israel
3496:"Sanhedrin"
3336:Mossad Harav Kook
3227:978-0-7618-3635-3
3193:978-0-88920-375-4
3018:978-0-19-938113-5
2898:978-0-15-100302-0
2862:978-0-674-39731-6
2790:978-0-88920-375-4
2693:978-0-394-50110-9
2571:Blue Letter Bible
2503:Council of Jamnia
2378:
2377:
2225:Bar Kokhba revolt
2132:Shimon ben Hillel
2125:
2119:
2106:
2100:
2087:
2081:
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1619:Bar Kokhba revolt
1471:in the Temple in
1384:Psalms of Solomon
1246:Bar Kokhba revolt
1160:
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1125:
478:Important figures
152:Reconstructionist
16:(Redirected from
4168:
4081:
3917:Mohammedan Wars
3841:Rabbinic Judaism
3794:Byzantine Empire
3747:Galilee campaign
3727:Judean Civil War
3722:Maccabean Revolt
3715:Wars and revolts
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3701:Herodian kingdom
3658:Babylonian Yehud
3633:Kingdom of Judah
3570:Military history
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3280:. 22 March 2004.
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1382:) occurs in the
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1181:Rabbinite courts
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1159:romanized:
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3338:. p. 102 (
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2030:Term in office
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1938:Hebrew calendar
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1641:and finally at
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3423:
3422:External links
3420:
3419:
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3413:Levine, L.I.,
3411:
3404:
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3309:Yarchei Kallah
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1499:Main article:
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3488:: "Sanhedrin"
3487:
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3462:
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3446:
3442:
3437:
3436:public domain
3421:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3395:Goodman, M.,
3394:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3374:
3371:(in Hebrew),
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3356:
3351:
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3343:
3342:
3337:
3334:. Jerusalem:
3333:
3329:
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3310:
3306:
3305:Sefer Yuchsin
3301:
3298:
3295:
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3279:
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3253:
3252:
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3195:
3189:
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3145:
3142:
3138:
3137:0-89906-454-X
3134:
3130:
3126:
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3118:
3114:
3110:
3108:0-19-815402-X
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3067:0-19-815402-X
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3020:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2988:
2975:
2974:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2935:public domain
2922:
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2718:14:5 § 4
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2679:
2673:
2671:
2667:
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2660:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2636:Numbers 11:16
2632:
2629:
2625:
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2614:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2592:
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2429:
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2423:
2420:in 1949, and
2419:
2415:
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2403:
2399:
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2217:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2157:
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2138:
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2115:
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2109:
2102:
2096:
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2090:
2083:
2077:
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2072:
2071:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:Judah ha-Nasi
2012:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1984:acted as the
1983:
1977:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1904:
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1898:
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1845:
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1835:
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1816:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1803:acted as the
1802:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1770:בית דין הגדול
1766:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1735:Theodosius II
1732:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1704:, and to the
1703:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1666:Judah ha-Nasi
1663:
1660:and later to
1659:
1658:Beit She'arim
1655:
1651:
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1632:
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1538:
1537:Saint Stephen
1534:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1519:, and in the
1518:
1514:
1513:New Testament
1509:
1502:
1494:
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1242:Second Temple
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1196:
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1190:the Sanhedrin
1187:
1186:supreme court
1182:
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916:Rosh Hashanah
914:
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348:
346:
343:
341:
340:Mishneh Torah
338:
337:
333:
327:
326:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
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296:
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88:
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83:
77:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
50:
44:
39:
33:
19:
4043:World War II
4033:Soviet Union
4013:Emancipation
4008:Disabilities
3857:
3789:Roman Empire
3706:Roman Judaea
3500:
3485:
3480:Aryeh Kaplan
3458:
3452:
3425:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3383:Bibliography
3372:
3366:
3358:
3339:
3326:
3316:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3277:
3268:
3256:. Retrieved
3250:
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3216:
3209:
3197:. Retrieved
3182:
3175:
3162:
3154:the original
3144:
3124:
3098:
3085:
3075:
3057:
3044:
3034:
3022:. Retrieved
3000:
2990:
2978:. Retrieved
2972:
2965:
2957:
2951:
2902:. Retrieved
2882:
2852:
2819:
2811:
2806:
2794:. Retrieved
2779:
2772:
2759:
2747:
2739:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2702:
2682:
2653:
2642:
2631:
2605:
2594:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2471:
2460:
2434:
2405:
2400:
2393:
2390:
2314:
2285:
2270:Gamaliel III
2256:
2218:
2008:
1998:
1985:
1979:
1963:Beit Hava'ad
1955:
1935:
1886:
1868:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1844:Temple Mount
1831:
1818:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1786:
1776:בית דין הקטן
1762:
1729:
1718:
1710:Theodosius I
1695:
1688:
1682:
1674:Gamaliel III
1647:
1616:
1585:
1569:first revolt
1550:
1520:
1504:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1428:describes a
1424:
1408:
1388:
1367:
1365:
1330:
1317:
1315:
1303:Hebrew Bible
1300:
1297:Hebrew Bible
1281:convened by
1276:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1239:
1212:
1199:
1193:
1189:
1178:
1142:סַנְהֶדְרִין
1129:
1127:
1050:Anti-Judaism
1045:Antisemitism
990:Samaritanism
968:Christianity
869:Shehecheyanu
800:
793:
786:
779:
774:Four species
681:Pidyon haben
635:Rosh yeshiva
546:
439:Beth midrash
385:Noahide laws
128:Conservative
42:
3910:Middle Ages
3819:Mesopotamia
3332:Yosef Qafih
3150:"Sanhedrin"
3086:The Mishnah
3045:The Mishnah
2814:, 23.1.2–3.
2740:Antiquities
2728:Antiquities
2716:Antiquities
2678:Chaim Potok
2541:city states
2538:Hellenistic
2410:Jacob Berab
2367:Gamaliel VI
2299:Gamaliel IV
2220:Interregnum
2188:Gamaliel II
1982:High Priest
1850:implement.
1826:Av Beit Din
1820:Av Beit Din
1801:High Priest
1731:Gamaliel VI
1685:Gamaliel IV
1637:, later at
1635:Bet Shearim
1621:, southern
1592:Gamaliel II
1450:Hyrcanus II
1201:Av Beit Din
1151:Koinē Greek
734:Sefer Torah
696:Bereavement
676:Zeved habat
459:Holy Temple
399:Holy cities
133:Conservadox
4100:Categories
4065:New Yishuv
4053:Resistance
3618:Israelites
3363:Maimonides
3322:Maimonides
3093:, p.
3089:, Oxford:
3052:, p.
3048:, Oxford:
2812:Res Gestae
2730:14:167-180
2553:References
2463:Napoleon I
2402:Maimonides
2341:Gamaliel V
2005:King David
1986:ex officio
1805:ex officio
1714:ordination
1633:, then at
1528:Synhedrion
1508:Synhedrion
1458:synhedrion
1454:synhedrion
1446:synhedrion
1438:synhedrion
1430:synhedrion
1409:Sanhedrin.
1404:Synhedrion
921:Yom Kippur
464:Tabernacle
209:Chosenness
181:Philosophy
162:Humanistic
4106:Sanhedrin
3960:Byzantium
3858:Sanhedrin
3762:Kitos War
3580:Languages
3548:Overviews
3478:by Rabbi
3443:(1911). "
3350:233308346
3341:Sanhedrin
3099:Sanhedrin
3081:Danby, H.
3058:Sanhedrin
3040:Danby, H.
2942:(1911). "
2752:Sanhedrin
2534:Synedrion
2475:Parisians
2328:Hillel II
2312:Judah III
2027:President
1942:Hillel II
1765:Sanhedrin
1753:Palestine
1725:Hillel II
1662:Sepphoris
1639:Sepphoris
1573:pharisaic
1565:Pharisees
1561:Vespasian
1541:Pharisees
1477:festivals
1473:Jerusalem
1379:Συνέδριον
1369:Synedrion
1337:community
1262:Sanhedrin
1227:festivals
1219:Jerusalem
1164:synedrion
1155:Συνέδριον
1130:Sanhedrin
1040:Criticism
1005:Pluralism
983:Mormonism
889:Kol Nidre
663:education
588:Acharonim
434:Synagogue
411:Jerusalem
93:Movements
43:Sanhedrin
4080:See also
3965:Crusades
3953:Kairouan
3878:Savoraim
3804:Carthage
3781:Diaspora
3600:Timeline
3324:(1965).
3131:: 1982)
2832:Archived
2680:(1978).
2481:See also
2406:semikhah
2354:Judah IV
2283:Judah II
1678:Judah II
1670:Tiberias
1650:Shefaram
1643:Tiberias
1533:Gamaliel
1426:Josephus
1333:exegesis
1229:and the
1170:assembly
1147:loanword
1070:Muhammad
973:Hinduism
946:Hanukkah
884:Tachanun
879:Havdalah
744:Tefillin
691:Marriage
583:Rishonim
569:Savoraim
426:Tiberias
375:Tzedakah
295:Rabbinic
194:Kabbalah
167:Haymanot
101:Orthodox
54:a series
52:Part of
4028:Zionism
3873:Amoraim
3868:Tannaim
3590:Schisms
3451:(ed.).
3438::
3278:Haaretz
3258:18 July
3233:18 July
3199:21 July
2980:18 July
2950:(ed.).
2937::
2904:18 July
2796:18 July
2659:Numbers
2624:Mishnah
2529:England
2315:Nesi'ah
2286:Nesi'ah
2254:Judah I
2238:Rabban
2186:Rabban
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2158:Rabban
2144:Rabban
2130:Rabban
2019:Mishnah
1976:Tannaim
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1581:prefect
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1485:priests
1481:Shabbat
1465:Mishnah
1419:synedra
1357:History
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1341:Numbers
1326:midrash
1322:Mishnah
1318:zekenim
1301:In the
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1231:sabbath
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1030:Zionism
936:Shavuot
854:Kaddish
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759:Mezuzah
749:Tzitzit
704:Yeshiva
659:Culture
564:Amoraim
559:Tannaim
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518:Solomon
486:Abraham
365:Kashrut
316:Tosefta
311:Midrash
301:Mishnah
283:Piyutim
264:Ketuvim
259:Nevi'im
199:Messiah
157:Renewal
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112:Hasidic
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3996:Modern
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3883:Geonim
3863:Chazal
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874:Hallel
859:Minyan
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812:Kittel
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769:Shofar
754:Kippah
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714:Cheder
709:Kollel
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421:Hebron
403:places
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278:Siddur
273:Ḥumash
248:Tanakh
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119:Modern
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1060:Music
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640:Mohel
630:Dayan
620:Posek
615:Rebbe
610:Rabbi
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