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transfer of the identity of the
Palestinian society from the sphere of integration and near-total identification with the Syrian identity within what was called Greater Syria to the formation of the Palestinian identity within the context of confrontation existential and cultural and political with the Zionists. From this confrontation with the occupation emerged the movement of the poetry of the resistance, and with it emerged national Palestinian song against the occupation. During the occupation, Palestinian classical music continued to rise, with new names in the realm of classical music along with the founding of many symphony orchestras (such as the
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popular today, were created before the popularization of professional singers. Therefore, the song lyrics differ from city to city. Many types of
Palestinian songs, including Atab/Mejana and Dal'ona, have transcended time. Due to the relevance of the subject matter and the need to maintain tradition and culture, traditional types of Palestinian songs can still be heard at events of today, such as weddings or gatherings. They still remain extremely popular throughout the Palestinian culture. Among the forms:
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zajal leads the sahja. The zajal is a talented singer or close family member who sings the sahja on the spot. The zajal leads the sahja with a verse, and the entire group repeats. The sahja done by women carries out the same process but with many women leading (usually older women) while the young women repeat. Also, the women may add a loud, "Lolololeey" during and at the end of the sahja. There is no female zajal.
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1058:, found by the two brothers Boikutt and Stormtrap. Their sound is a mix of hip hop, trip hop, and downtempo alongside traditional Arab music. There are many rappers who defend Palestinian nationalism, an example being, Ortega (Alhasan) who caused a sensation in the Israeli media in 2012 because of his songs' hostility to Israel. Ortega (Alhasan) is considered a better performer of Palestinian rap in the
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1108:, warned that this religious coercion could cause the migration of artists, and said "The religious fanatics in Algeria destroyed every cultural symbol, shattered statues and rare works of art and liquidated intellectuals and artists, reporters and authors, ballet dancers and singers – are we going to imitate the Algerian and Afghani examples?"
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Zaghareet (pl), one of the oldest forms of
Palestinian song, is another important form of song during Palestinian weddings. The zaghreet is traditionally sung by women at weddings or important events. One woman starts the zaghroot with a loud "Heeey Hee..." or "Aweeha...". She then continues with a
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Unlike many other cultures, traditional
Palestinian songs have no set lyrics but rather a set rhythm. The singers are usually family members or close friends who make up the lyrics on the spot. At modern Palestinian events there may be a professional singer, but the forms mentioned below, still very
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One of the biggest moments in
Palestinian music is when Mohammad Assaf (born 1989) won the competition Arab Idol in 2013. With one of the biggest voter turn outs of all time he earned support from Palestinians and the Arab world. He would go on to make huge records such as "Ana Dame falasteenee" (my
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is the most popular type of song in
Palestine. It is often sung by farmers, workers, and shepherds as a work song. However, weddings are the main environment for the songs. As with the other forms of songs, Mejana is based on poetry. Usually the singer starts with the long sound of "Ooaaaff". Then
840:
Before 1948, the
Palestinians formed a part of the Arab cultural mosaic in the Levant, and it was difficult to separate them from the cultural and musical composition of the Syrian people. Although the popular music was limited to the genre of folk music that served the needs of ritual and social
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A large part of
Palestinian music comprises wedding songs and dances. Due to the large amount of weddings in Palestinian culture, wedding singers have been able to maintain the tradition of Palestinian songs whilst incorporating modern vocals and rhythms. Wedding singers draw from a repertoire of
998:
The Sahja is another popular form of
Palestinian song usually sung at weddings. It may be done by men or women and involves clapping to the rhythm of the song that is being sung to the bride by women, or groom by men. The men gather in two lines facing each other, or surround the groom. Then the
994:
Dal'ona is the second most popular type of song in
Palestine. It is easier to compose than ataba because it does not require the similar sound of the ends of the first three verses. However, like ataba, dal'na has four verses of poetry, where the first three have similar endings and the fourth
853:
and others. the second generation of composers included among others: Patrick Lama, Amin Nasser, Nasri Fernando Dueri, and Saleem Zoughbi,. The third generation includes younger musicians such as Habib Touma, Mounir Anastas, Bichara El Khail and Sam Gebran, etc.. The Israeli occupation, the
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Borrowing from traditional rap music that first emerged in the ghettos of Los Angeles and New York in the 1970s, "young Palestinian musicians have tailored the style to express their own grievances with the social and political climate in which they live and work."
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Palestinian music reflects Palestinian experience. As might be expected, much of it deals with the struggle of living under Israeli occupation, the longing for peace, and the love of the land of Palestine. A typical example of such a song is
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877:(born in Nazareth, 1934, died in Berlin 1998), Nasri Fernando Dueri (born 1932), François Nicodeme (born in Jerusalem 1935) and his brother William Nicodeme, Amin Nasser in Ramleh 1935, Patrick Lama, Abdel-Hamid Hamam, Saleem Zoughbi.
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short poem or few rhyming words. After the women are done, they all join with a loud, "Lolololoolololoeeeey" sound. Unlike the women's sahja, the zaghroot involves no clapping, and only one woman must take turns to offer a zaghareet.
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was suddenly banned by the Hamas led municipality, for the reason that such an event would be forbidden by Islam. The municipality also ordered that music no longer be played in the Qalqiliya zoo, and mufti Akrameh Sabri issued a
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the verses of ataba follow. Ataba is composed of four verses of poetry. The first three end with the same word in sound but different meanings. The fourth verse ends with a word that usually ends with a sound like "Aab or Aywa!"
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comprised Kelani's research and arrangement of five traditional Palestinian songs, whilst the other five songs were her own musical settings of popular and resistance poetry by the likes of Mahmoud Darwish,
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usually ends with a sound like "Oana". Dal'ona is the sound of the Palestinian popular dance, dabka, where the dancers sing it along with the sound of the shubbabah (flute), yarghool or mijwiz.
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prominently feature references to resistance against the occupation of Palestine, calling on Palestinians to fight the occupation and stay in their land, and describing historic events.
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681:. A shared Palestinian identity was reflected in a new wave of performers who emerged with distinctively Palestinian themes, relating to the dreams of statehood and the burgeoning
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events varied, but the beginnings of a serious musical phenomenon began to form in Palestine with the presence of profound composers of the first generation, such as
927:"Zareef et Tool" is one of the most popular Palestinian songs of today and can be traced back decades. The song encourages Palestinians not to leave their homeland:
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1051:, they rap in Arabic, Hebrew, and English, often challenging stereotypes about Palestinians and Arabs head-on in songs like "Meen Erhabe?" ("Who's a terrorist?")
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486:. While it shares much in common with Arabic music, both structurally and instrumentally, there are musical forms and subject matter that are distinctively
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Morgan, Andy and Mu'tasem Adileh. "The Sounds of Struggle". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (ed.),
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is one of the foremost present day researchers and performers of music with a specifically Palestinian narrative and heritage. Her 2006 debut solo album
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have become increasingly assertive since the militant Hamas group scored political gains in the Palestinian Authority local elections of 2005.
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ceremonial material including henna songs sung at the henna ceremony, wedding processionals (zeffat), and popular debkah and dance songs.
870:) as well as string quartets and quintets, which gave the Palestinian Territories the highest number of orchestras among Arab countries.
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Early in the 20th century, Palestinian Arabs lived in cities and in rural areas, either as farmers or as nomads. The
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Beginning in the late 1990s, Palestinian youth forged a new Palestinian musical subgenre – Palestinian rap or
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3142:
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2007:
1979:
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1227:"Middle East & North Africa Reem Kelani World Music at Global Rhythm - the Destination for World Music"
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After the creation of Israel in 1948, large numbers of Arab Palestinians fled to, or were forced into,
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warned that "There are Taliban-type elements in our society, and this is a very dangerous sign".
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Mohammad Assaf would go on to be one of the highest selling Palestinian artists of all time.
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bands, which had all but disappeared during the fighting, reappeared to perform popular
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913:(My Country, My Country), which has become the unofficial Palestinian national anthem:
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610:. Popular songs made use of widely varying forms, particularly the mejana and dal'ona.
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1602:
1303:"Exile Songwriters of the Palestinian Revolution (and the Problem with Sugar Man)"
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affirming the municipality's decision. In response, the Palestinian national poet
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1998:
1938:
867:
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by Editorial Staff, The New Humanist, Volume 121 Issue 1, January/February 2006
704:(1987), a more hard-edged group of performers and songwriters emerged, such as
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with his new sound of Palestine and Turab group founded in 2004 with the CD
642:
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273:
1502:"Palestinians Debate Whether Future State Will be Theocracy or Democracy".
1423:
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in Cairo, Egypt. They blended big-beat, hip hop, and vocal punk elements.
813:
Sprinting Gazelle – Palestinian Songs from the Motherland and the Diaspora
1141:
1105:
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was established, and Palestinian cultural expression began to stabilize.
688:
In the 1970s, a new wave of popular Palestinian stars emerged, including
678:
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649:. The most popular recorded musicians at the time were the superstars of
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United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority
1974:
1969:
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1613:
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316:
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1989:
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Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice
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2018:
1580:
1277:"New Hamas music video threatens to rain down rockets on Israel"
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and Mahmoud Salim al-Hout. All the songs on the album relate to
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2429:
2022:
1617:
1104:
The Palestinian columnist Mohammed Abd Al-Hamid, a resident of
3332:
Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority
1126:
947:
blood is Palestinian) a national and international treasure.
633:
Palestinian shepherd flutist in traditional dress, c.1910–1920
873:
Names of Palestinian composers: Salvador Arnita (1914–1985),
757:
songs. Other performers to emerge later in the 90s included
1368:
Oud and Guitar: The Musical Culture of the Arabs in Israel
1394:. Jerusalem: Minerva Instruction and Consultation Group.
1065:
In the diaspora are the Abu-Ghaben brothers, who founded
1062:
region, because he was born in the United Arab Emirates.
930:يا زريف الطول وقّف تاقلك ... رايح عالغربة و بلادك أحسنلك
932:خايف يا زريف تروح و تتملك .. و تعاشر الغير و تنساني أنا
1532:
World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East
938:
You are going abroad and your country is better for you
673:, where performers composed in the classical styles of
518:
with Arabs (including urban and rural Muslim classes,
1554:
Palestinian Arab Music: A Maqam Tradition in Practice
1534:, pp. 385–390. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books.
1202:"The Palestinian National Song:A Personal Testimony"
606:
were also home to distinctive music, especially the
566:
was one oud player, famous for his post-1904 diary.
3517:
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3317:
3237:
3027:
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2897:
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2633:
2573:
2566:
2464:
2354:
2314:
2056:
1918:
1810:
1651:
1112:
Musicians and instruments from Palestine, anno 1860
1462:"Palestine: Taliban-like attempts to censor music"
1344:"PA Glorifies Terror Group that Murdered Minister"
1088:In 2005 an outdoor music and dance performance in
1370:(Institute for Israeli Arab Studies, Beit Berl),
1603:Smithsonian Jerusalem Project: Palestinian Music
1575:. Morris Moore Series in Musicology, 4. Shazco.
661:. The centers for Palestinian music were in the
1439:"Israeli-Arab rap: an outlet for youth protest"
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1391:Musical View on the Conflict in the Middle East
1022:American radio personality and record producer
936:O, elegant and tall one stop so I can tell you
602:were also common, known for their epic tales.
598:. Traveling storytellers and musicians called
514:have long held on to a diversity of cultures.
206:Politics of the Palestinian National Authority
2441:
2034:
1629:
530:) constituted the largest group, followed by
451:
8:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1077:According to the human rights organization
3464:
2698:
2570:
2448:
2434:
2426:
2041:
2027:
2019:
1636:
1622:
1614:
940:I am afraid you will get established there
458:
444:
28:
1469:– The World Forum On Music And Censorship
1318:
1155:Musicians in Jerusalem, late 19th century
620:Music of Israel § Israeli Arab music
1486:
1484:
1482:
1204:. This Week in Palestine. Archived from
1047:were pioneers in forging this blend. As
973:
965:
957:
2598:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
2551:Palestinian Declaration of Independence
1192:
1115:
482:) is one of many regional subgenres of
432:
369:
293:
109:
52:
36:
2884:Legal status of the State of Palestine
954:Forms of traditional Palestinian songs
919:To you, I do not doubt, I will return.
2666:2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza
1054:More peculiar is the West Bank group
7:
3297:Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation
2779:Palestinian National Security Forces
2556:Years in the Palestinian territories
498:In the areas now controlled by both
1552:Cohen, Dalia and Ruth Katz (2005).
942:And find someone else and forget me
479:
294:Religion / religious sites
1493:, by Zvi Bar'el, Haaretz, 26.07.05
25:
3347:International aid to Palestinians
921:Struggle, revolution, do not die,
3561:
3342:Diplomatic missions in Palestine
3337:Diplomatic missions of Palestine
3327:Palestine and the United Nations
2409:
2400:
2399:
1471:. 17 August 2005. Archived from
1148:
1134:
1118:
44:
2842:Palestinian National Initiative
2784:Palestinian Preventive Security
2726:Palestinian Legislative Council
1556:. University of Chicago Press.
1320:10.13169/arabstudquar.45.1.0034
1167:List of Palestinians: Musicians
917:Palestine, Land of the fathers,
3062:Palestinian citizens of Israel
2874:Palestinian political violence
2367:British Indian Ocean Territory
1437:Amelia Thomas (21 July 2005).
1281:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
923:For the storm is on the land.
743:Palestinian National Authority
516:Mandatory Palestine population
236:Governorates of the Gaza Strip
1:
2741:Gaza Strip (Hamas-controlled)
1388:Babnik; Golani, eds. (2006).
1342:Benari, Elad (Dec 26, 2011).
1301:Brehony, Louis (2023-03-23).
3019:Palestine Monetary Authority
2721:Palestinian National Council
2682:Hamas-Jund Ansar Allah clash
904:is a Palestinian pop singer.
578:(farmers) sang a variety of
327:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
3012:Water supply and sanitation
2869:Palestinian right of return
2526:History of the Palestinians
1424:"Palestinian Popular Songs"
1142:Palestinian Kamanjah player
1073:Repression under Hamas rule
856:Palestinian Youth Orchestra
3616:
3197:Postage stamps and history
2703:West Bank (SOP-controlled)
1200:Rima Tarazi (April 2007).
1011:
617:
140:All-Palestine Protectorate
3557:
3132:universities and colleges
2811:International recognition
2643:Dawson's Field hijackings
2395:
1571:Mashmalon, Micah (1988).
1443:Christian Science Monitor
807:The Diaspora Palestinian
248:Legislative Council (PLC)
3292:Palestine–Israel Journal
2116:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1491:Afghanistan in Palestine
803:is a Palestinian singer.
162:National Authority (PNA)
3302:Palestinian Media Watch
3286:The Palestine Telegraph
2675:Hamas-Salafist conflict
2593:1948 Palestinian exodus
2588:1947–1949 Palestine war
2536:Palestinian nationalism
2377:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1083:Islamic fundamentalists
1049:Arab citizens of Israel
3094:Costume and embroidery
3047:Palestinian Christians
1605:Winter 1999, Issue 3,
1573:Palestinian Folk Songs
1406:Lyrics by Ali Ismayel.
1348:israelnationalnews.com
1307:Arab Studies Quarterly
1030:
979:
971:
963:
925:
905:
804:
634:
582:, used for tasks like
390:Costume and embroidery
332:Church of the Nativity
322:Cave of the Patriarchs
243:National Council (PNC)
228:Gaza Strip governance
1021:
977:
969:
961:
915:
900:
799:
632:
127:Arab Higher Committee
2959:World Heritage Sites
2954:Depopulated villages
2653:Fatah–Hamas conflict
2531:Slavery in Palestine
2291:United Arab Emirates
1645:Middle Eastern music
1366:Regev Motti (1993),
1056:Ramallah Underground
818:Salma Khadra Jayyusi
651:Arab classical music
434:List of Palestinians
342:Great Mosque of Gaza
133:Depopulated villages
3535:Gypsies (Dom/Nawar)
3216:Religious buildings
2889:Anti-Palestinianism
2575:Israeli–Palestinian
2318:limited recognition
1608:Jerusalem Quarterly
1028:Palestinian descent
1014:Palestinian hip hop
1008:Palestinian hip hop
480:الموسيقى الفلسطينية
32:Part of a series on
3590:Music of Palestine
2807:State of Palestine
1172:Palestinian Arabic
1031:
980:
972:
964:
906:
893:Music and identity
860:West-Eastern Divan
826:pre-1948 Palestine
805:
741:In the 1990s, the
635:
472:music of Palestine
3577:
3576:
3553:
3552:
3487:Afro-Palestinians
3280:Ma'an News Agency
3158:Mental healthcare
3138:Flag of Palestine
2817:Political parties
2767:
2766:
2690:
2689:
2603:First Lebanon War
2423:
2422:
2360:other territories
2016:
2015:
1777:Ottoman classical
1767:Iranian classical
1475:on 7 August 2011.
1401:978-965-7397-03-9
875:Habib Hasan Touma
564:Wasif Jawhariyyeh
468:
467:
170:political parties
150:Fedayeen militias
18:Palestinian music
16:(Redirected from
3607:
3600:Palestinian arts
3565:
3465:
2699:
2625:Israel–Hamas war
2571:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2427:
2413:
2403:
2402:
2372:Christmas Island
2058:Sovereign states
2043:
2036:
2029:
2020:
1966:
1836:
1798:
1763:
1749:
1720:
1695:
1667:
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1624:
1615:
1592:
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1519:
1513:
1507:
1506:, July 13, 2005.
1504:Associated press
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1273:
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1263:
1254:. Archived from
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1229:. Archived from
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1197:
1152:
1138:
1122:
864:Daniel Barenboim
481:
460:
453:
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405:
337:Dome of the Rock
231:
73:
72:
48:
29:
21:
3615:
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3580:
3579:
3578:
3573:
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3494:Christian Arabs
3456:
3351:
3319:Foreign affairs
3313:
3233:
3035:
3033:
3023:
2963:
2893:
2793:
2763:
2735:
2731:Judicial system
2686:
2670:
2647:
2635:Black September
2629:
2615:Second Intifada
2562:
2541:British Mandate
2502:Ayyubid Dynasty
2460:
2454:
2424:
2419:
2391:
2359:
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2331:Northern Cyprus
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2310:
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2017:
2012:
1928:
1914:
1830:
1806:
1784:
1743:
1726:
1706:
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1546:Further reading
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1130:
1123:
1114:
1099:Mahmoud Darwish
1095:religious edict
1075:
1016:
1010:
978:Armure Hijaz 03
970:Armure Hijaz 02
962:Armure Hijaz 01
956:
943:
941:
939:
937:
933:
931:
922:
920:
918:
895:
883:
851:Salvador Arnita
838:
836:Classical music
724:Thaer Barghouti
720:Jameel al-Sayih
694:Mustafa Al-Kurd
627:
622:
616:
572:
520:Arab Christians
496:
464:
403:
270:
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129:
68:
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22:
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2749:Prime Minister
2745:
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2733:
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2711:Prime Minister
2707:
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2672:
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2661:Battle of Gaza
2657:
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2610:First Intifada
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2521:Modern history
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2512:Ottoman Empire
2509:
2507:Mamluk Dynasty
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2062:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2050:Music of Asia
2048:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1922:
1920:
1919:Related topics
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1915:
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1597:External links
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911:Baladi, Baladi
902:Mohammed Assaf
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779:Wissam Joubran
732:and Sabreen's
702:First Intifada
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3461:Ethnic groups
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3440:United States
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3192:Personalities
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3057:Refugee camps
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2003:Turkish makam
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1935:Assyrian folk
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3202:Prostitution
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3123:Demographics
3098:
3072:Architecture
3042:Palestinians
2944:Governorates
2492:Islamic Rule
2487:Roman Empire
2356:Dependencies
2286:Turkmenistan
2251:Saudi Arabia
1995:Arabic maqam
1959:Pontic Greek
1943:Israeli folk
1884:
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1473:the original
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1280:
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1256:the original
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1231:the original
1221:
1210:. Retrieved
1206:the original
1195:
1177:Palestinians
1125:Palestinian
1103:
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767:Mohsen Subhi
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700:. After the
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562:and others.
497:
484:Arabic music
471:
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302:Christianity
216:Governorates
178:
119:
54:Demographics
38:Palestinians
26:
3445:Los Angeles
3390:El Salvador
3265:Photography
3255:Journalists
3170:LGBT rights
3153:Health care
3143:Handicrafts
3067:Archaeology
2982:Agriculture
2927:Southern WB
2922:Northern WB
2482:Philistines
2415:Asia portal
2316:States with
2236:Philippines
2176:South Korea
2171:North Korea
2066:Afghanistan
1999:Iraqi maqam
1885:Palestinian
1756:Palestinian
868:Edward Said
809:Reem Kelani
801:Amal Murkus
787:Basel Zayed
775:Issa Boulos
735:Mawt a'nabi
698:Al Ashiqeen
685:sentiment.
683:nationalist
663:Palestinian
655:Umm Kulthum
594:and making
588:shepherding
552:Circassians
534:(including
526:and Muslim
506:, multiple
488:Palestinian
410:Handicrafts
357:Nabi Samwil
63:Definitions
3584:Categories
3540:Samaritans
3275:Television
3260:Newspapers
3182:Literature
3082:watermelon
2907:Gaza Strip
2695:Government
2477:Canaanites
2296:Uzbekistan
2271:Tajikistan
2186:Kyrgyzstan
2166:Kazakhstan
2086:Bangladesh
2076:Azerbaijan
1802:Luri music
1353:2023-10-25
1287:2023-10-25
1262:2014-04-03
1237:2014-04-01
1212:2007-04-30
1188:References
717:songwriter
710:songwriter
706:al- Funoun
647:Gaza Strip
625:Folk music
618:See also:
592:harvesting
580:work songs
570:Folk music
548:Samaritans
544:Ashkenazim
420:Literature
352:Lot's Tomb
279:Gaza Strip
145:Government
3509:Metawalis
3425:Nicaragua
3365:Australia
3128:Education
3007:Transport
2977:Companies
2949:Landforms
2912:West Bank
2899:Geography
2879:Elections
2857:Third Way
2754:President
2716:President
2497:Crusaders
2457:Palestine
2382:Hong Kong
2336:Palestine
2261:Sri Lanka
2256:Singapore
2136:Indonesia
1860:Jordanian
1811:By region
1659:Arabesque
1329:0271-3519
1313:: 34–60.
1090:Qalqiliya
1024:DJ Khaled
887:war songs
881:War songs
791:Hada Liel
665:towns of
643:West Bank
614:Post-1948
596:olive oil
556:Armenians
536:Sephardim
512:religions
504:Palestine
274:West Bank
268:Palestine
70:Palestine
3482:Bedouins
3430:Pakistan
3357:Diaspora
3227:Football
3212:Religion
3177:Language
3100:keffiyeh
3052:Diaspora
2917:Enclaves
2799:Politics
2772:Security
2620:Gaza War
2583:Timeline
2567:Conflict
2405:Category
2326:Abkhazia
2276:Thailand
2231:Pakistan
2211:Mongolia
2206:Maldives
2201:Malaysia
2101:Cambodia
1875:Lebanese
1828:Egyptian
1818:Bahraini
1752:Lebanese
1733:Egyptian
1709:Assyrian
1652:By style
1589:17918259
1581:88011605
1467:Freemuse
1161:See also
1106:Ramallah
1079:Freemuse
755:Lebanese
751:Egyptian
679:Damascus
667:Nazareth
604:Weddings
600:zajaleen
576:fellahin
540:Mizrahim
494:Pre-1948
415:Language
211:Enclaves
120:Previous
111:Politics
102:Diaspora
3545:Bushnaq
3504:Druzers
3499:Baháʼís
3452:Uruguay
3415:Lebanon
3245:By city
3108:Cuisine
3034:society
3030:Culture
3002:Tourism
2969:Economy
2934:Borders
2465:History
2301:Vietnam
2216:Myanmar
2196:Lebanon
2126:Georgia
2081:Bahrain
2071:Armenia
1975:Fantezi
1970:Dastgah
1963:Turkish
1955:Persian
1951:Kurdish
1905:Turkish
1870:Kuwaiti
1865:Kurdish
1855:Israeli
1845:Iranian
1840:Emirati
1823:Cypriot
1795:Turkish
1791:Iranian
1760:Turkish
1741:Israeli
1737:Iranian
1724:Hip hop
1717:Turkish
1713:Iranian
1684:khaliji
1680:Bedouin
1676:al-jeel
1664:Turkish
1378:, p. 4.
1035:hip hop
747:Wedding
690:Sabreen
641:in the
584:fishing
528:Bedouin
404:(dance)
395:Cuisine
371:Culture
317:Al-Aqsa
312:Judaism
230:(Hamas)
179:Current
77:History
3568:Portal
3420:Mexico
3410:Kuwait
3405:Jordan
3375:Canada
3370:Brazil
3207:Racism
3148:Health
3089:Cinema
2939:Cities
2459:topics
2346:Taiwan
2281:Turkey
2246:Russia
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1990:Khigga
1947:Jewish
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1900:Syrian
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