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winds into western Tamil Nadu, moderating summer temperatures and generating greater rainfall in the region relative to the rest of lowland Tamil Nadu. It affects rainfall activity in parts of western Tamil Nadu, around
Coimbatore, Palladam, Kangeyam, Dharapuram, Udumalai by allowing moisture laden
360:
The gap is the lowest pass through the
Western Ghats in the region. It is an important mountain pass in the Western Ghats that runs along the entire eastern edge of Kerala isolating it from the neighboring Tamil Nadu. It acts as an important transport corridor between the two States by linking
323:(it is considered to be fourth largest crater surface on the earth) and due to which a hill terrain which already existed in that area might be wiped out due to the massive impact which leads to the subsequent formation of Palakkad Gap.
647:
A Note on the
Ecological Impact of the Proposed Pathrakkadavu Hydro-Electric Project (PHEP) in the Kunthi River, Palakkad District of Kerala: India - Silent Valley Rainforest Under Threat Once More
534:
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3940:
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675:"Structural Underprint and Tectonic Overprint in the Angavo (Madagascar) and Western Ghats (India) - Implications for Understanding Scarp Evolution at Passive Margins"
319:
There is also another theory which suggest that this
Palakkad Gap is formed out due to a massive Asteroid attack at Coimbatore Area which leads to the formation of
286:
There are various theories about the origin of
Palakkad gap. One among them is that it is caused by the landslide due to rivers flowing in opposite directions. The
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making the region one of the major wind power generation areas. The average annual wind speed is 18–22 km/h. Large windmill farms can be seen in and around
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slopes along the flanks of the Ghats. Another theory suggests that the gap may be created by an asteroid strike around 800 million to 550 million years ago.
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Palakkad gap has played a major role in enabling human migration into Kerala from parts of Tamil Nadu. From 300 BC to the 13th century, it also helped the
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219:. It has an average elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) with a width of 24–30 kilometres (15–19 mi). The pass is located between the
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of Tamil Nadu and has served as a vital trade route between the east and west coasts of peninsular India since ancient times.
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294:) flows through the Palakkad Gap, collects water from various rivulets and tributaries feeding from steep
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migrated to
Palakkad from Central Tamil Nadu via the Palakkad gap from the 15th century to 18th century.
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Is the land between present day
Nilgiris and Kodaikanal located on a crater formed by the impact?
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which warm the eastern part of Kerala significantly compared to the rest of the state and the
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The gap affects the weather patterns in
Southern India as it allows the moisture-laden
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720:"Kaveri crater – An impact structure in the Precambrian terrain of southern India"
705:"Kaveri Crater – An Impact Structure in the Precambrian Terrain of Southern India"
41:
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2016:
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joining Kerala to Tamil Nadu pass through the gap. The gap also helps for VHF
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1981:
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17:
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1831:
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2518:
2146:
1646:
1381:
1229:
1209:
1139:
1024:
931:
895:
658:
Did an asteroid hit south India millions of years ago?, (19 Jan 2019)
401:
236:
216:
69:
301:
A study published in 2008 suggest that it is the continuation of a
3721:
274:
258:
244:
73:
833:
621:"History of Kerala Iyers, migration of Tamil Brahmins to Kerala"
3272:
837:
396:
The
Palakkad Gap funnels the winds blowing from the west on to
880:
718:
Subrahmanya, K. R.; Prakash
Narasimha, K. N. (October 2017).
492:
Palghat Gap as seen from Coimbatore-Shoranur railway line
516:
Western Ghats as seen from Coimbatore-Shoranur rail line
3888:
3860:
3687:
3494:
3401:
3394:
3349:
3313:
3306:
3225:
3204:
2841:
2775:
2537:
2491:
2190:
1364:
1303:
960:
914:
871:
91:
79:
61:
51:
34:
336:winds from the West Coastal region of Kerala and
279:Relative Elevation of Palakkad Gap, depicted in
3284:
849:
673:Gunnell, Yanni; Harbor, David (1 June 2008).
644:Nair, Dr. S. Sathis Chandran, (20 May 2004).
504:Palghat Gap as seen from Palghat-Chitoor Road
388:between the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
46:Panorama view of Palakkad from Tamilnadu side
8:
340:. It also allows the hot winds coming from
3398:
3310:
3291:
3277:
3269:
856:
842:
834:
724:Journal of the Geological Society of India
31:
3941:Tourist attractions in Palakkad district
591:
482:
308:that extended from east Africa through
290:river from Pollachi, Tamil Nadu (River
263:Topography: Palakkad (Palghat) Gap and
795:"TamilNadu Energy Development Agency"
7:
3931:Mountain passes of the Western Ghats
774:"Tiruppur District Official Webpage"
169:
144:
3238:2024 Vilangad (Kozhikode) landslide
378:Jolarpettai - Shoranur railway line
3226:Natural disasters in Western Ghats
542:NH 544 - NH 66 (re-numbered NH 47)
25:
3243:2024 Ankola (Karnataka) landslide
580:A passenger train in Palghat gap
573:
561:
549:
533:
521:
509:
497:
485:
382:Palakkad - Pollachi railway line
352:bearing rain during the summer.
168:
161:
143:
136:
40:
239:rule the entire Kerala and the
3951:Transport in Palakkad district
3936:Geography of Palakkad district
625:www.kuzhalmannamagraharam.info
243:as one geographical unit from
1:
3321:Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
386:line of sight communications
27:Mountain pass in South India
679:Geological Society of India
3967:
316:to Palakkad Gap in India.
3946:Mountain passes of Kerala
3371:
3256:
744:10.1007/s12594-017-0733-5
600:"Britannica Encyclopedia"
130:
39:
3341:Nilgiri Mountain Railway
3300:Mountain passes of India
3248:2020 Pettimudi landslide
3217:Mountains of Maharashtra
57:140 metres (460 ft)
3772:Thal Ghat (Kasara Ghat)
3233:2024 Wayanad landslides
556:Southern end of the gap
247:in Western Tamil Nadu.
207:in the Indian state of
115:10.718550°N 76.881966°E
283:
272:
152:Show map of Tamil Nadu
3336:Matheran Hill Railway
3331:Kangra Valley Railway
2637:Kalakkad-Mundanthurai
278:
262:
3367:Budhni-Barkhera Ghat
3350:Rail mountain passes
3326:Kalka–Shimla railway
544:runs through the gap
374:National Highway 544
120:10.718550; 76.881966
3212:Mountains of Kerala
2303:Kalhatti (Nilgiris)
824:View of Palghat Gap
736:2017JGSI...90..387S
540:Palghat-Coimbatore
367:Coimbatore District
356:Transport and trade
111: /
3161:Vani Vilasa Sagara
2991:Krishna Raja Sagar
1150:Marunthuvazh Malai
801:on 7 November 2013
568:One end of the gap
284:
273:
177:Show map of Kerala
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3742:Chandanapuri Ghat
3390:
3389:
3314:Mountain railways
3266:
3265:
3066:Raja Lakhamagouda
2627:Grizzled Squirrel
1392:Anjarakandi River
1060:Gopalaswamy Betta
398:Palakkad District
363:Palakkad District
333:Southwest monsoon
327:Effect on weather
223:to the north and
186:
185:
16:(Redirected from
3958:
3624:Pin Parbati Pass
3399:
3311:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3270:
2097:Thuppanadippuzha
2022:Purna (Godavari)
1937:Panchagangavalli
1742:Lakshmana Tirtha
1075:Karimala Gopuram
858:
851:
844:
835:
811:
810:
808:
806:
797:. Archived from
791:
785:
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782:
780:
770:
764:
763:
715:
709:
708:
701:
695:
694:
670:
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611:
610:
608:
606:
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577:
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553:
537:
525:
513:
501:
489:
346:tropical cyclone
215:in the state of
178:
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140:
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125:
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32:
21:
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3965:
3961:
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3959:
3957:
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3921:
3920:
3919:
3910:
3906:Haldighati Pass
3884:
3856:
3683:
3490:
3386:
3377:Shindawane Ghat
3345:
3302:
3297:
3267:
3262:
3252:
3221:
3200:
2946:Kamarajar Sagar
2843:
2837:
2771:
2682:New Amarambalam
2539:
2538:Protected areas
2533:
2487:
2373:Muthyala Maduvu
2186:
1452:Cherukunnapuzha
1360:
1299:
1155:Meenuliyan Para
1120:Kumarikkal Mala
956:
910:
867:
862:
830:Mountain ranges
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514:
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502:
493:
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458:
394:
365:of Kerala with
358:
329:
257:
233:
225:Anaimalai Hills
182:
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119:
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47:
28:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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3829:
3824:
3822:Parshuram Ghat
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3797:Kumbharli Ghat
3794:
3792:Khambatki Ghat
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3784:
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3441:Karakoram Pass
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3413:
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3405:
3396:
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3388:
3387:
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3362:Braganza Ghats
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3333:
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3208:
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3171:Varattu Pallam
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3036:Orathuppalayam
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2815:
2810:
2808:Kumbharli Ghat
2805:
2800:
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2785:
2779:
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2776:Ghats and gaps
2773:
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2754:
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2744:
2739:
2737:Sathyamangalam
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2707:Peechi-Vazhani
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
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2629:
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2609:
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2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
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2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2418:Shivanasamudra
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2398:Perunthenaruvi
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
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2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2263:Godchinamalaki
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2238:Chunchanakatte
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:Vrishabhavathi
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2142:Vandazhippuzha
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1912:Palar (Kaveri)
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1807:Meenkarappuzha
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
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1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1572:Iruvanjippuzha
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
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1499:
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1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:Bharathappuzha
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
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1222:
1217:
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1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
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1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1125:Kurumbalakotta
1122:
1117:
1115:Kumara Parvata
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1095:Kodikuthi Mala
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1065:Illikkal Kallu
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
995:Baba Budangiri
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
966:
964:
958:
957:
955:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
918:
916:
912:
911:
909:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
877:
875:
869:
868:
863:
861:
860:
853:
846:
838:
832:
831:
819:
818:External links
816:
813:
812:
786:
765:
730:(4): 387–395.
710:
696:
685:(6): 763–779.
665:
651:
637:
612:
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587:
584:
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579:
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560:
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503:
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470:
465:
457:
454:
442:Udumalaipettai
393:
390:
357:
354:
328:
325:
288:Bharathappuzha
265:Bharathappuzha
256:
253:
249:Tamil Brahmins
232:
229:
227:to the south.
184:
183:
167:
166:
160:
159:
158:
157:
142:
141:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
95:
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88:
83:
77:
76:
63:
59:
58:
55:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3963:
3952:
3949:
3947:
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3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3896:Asirgarh Ghat
3894:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3852:Varandha Ghat
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
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3808:
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3800:
3798:
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3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3747:Charmadi Ghat
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3717:Balebare Ghat
3715:
3713:
3712:Ambenali ghat
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3689:Western Ghats
3686:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3674:Traill's Pass
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
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3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3589:Lungalacha La
3587:
3585:
3584:Lipulekh Pass
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3564:Indrahar Pass
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3534:Chanshal Pass
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3514:Bara-lacha la
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3261:
3260:Eastern Ghats
3255:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:Upper Bhavani
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:Shanti Sagara
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3076:Renuka Sagara
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
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2969:
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2927:
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2922:
2919:
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2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2871:Basava Sagara
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2833:Varandha Ghat
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
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2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:Silent Valley
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2567:Agasthyavanam
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
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2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
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2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:Pattathippara
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2338:Kutladampatti
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Kumbhavurutty
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
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2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:Thamirabarani
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:Purna (Tapti)
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:Perinjankutti
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
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1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:Maruthappuzha
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
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1737:Kuthirappuzha
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
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1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1617:Kanjirappuzha
1615:
1613:
1612:Kalpathipuzha
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
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1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
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1555:
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1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:Gayathripuzha
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1356:Trimbakeshwar
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1321:Biligiriranga
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:Varayadumotta
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
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1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1190:Perumal Malai
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:Mullayanagiri
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:Meesapulimala
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
970:Agasthyamalai
968:
967:
965:
963:
959:
953:
950:
948:
947:North Malabar
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
917:
913:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
876:
874:
870:
866:
865:Western Ghats
859:
854:
852:
847:
845:
840:
839:
836:
829:
825:
822:
821:
817:
800:
796:
790:
787:
775:
769:
766:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
714:
711:
706:
700:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
669:
666:
663:
662:
655:
652:
649:
648:
641:
638:
626:
622:
616:
613:
601:
595:
592:
585:
576:
571:
564:
559:
552:
547:
543:
536:
531:
528:View of Ghats
524:
519:
512:
507:
500:
495:
488:
483:
478:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:mountain pass
463:
460:
459:
455:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:Kinathukadavu
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
412:districts in
411:
407:
403:
399:
391:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
355:
353:
351:
350:Bay of Bengal
347:
343:
339:
334:
326:
324:
322:
321:Kaveri Crater
317:
315:
311:
307:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
282:
277:
270:
267:River (River
266:
261:
254:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
230:
228:
226:
222:
221:Nilgiri Hills
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:Western Ghats
198:
197:mountain pass
194:
190:
164:
139:
129:
124:
96:
94:
90:
87:
86:Western Ghats
84:
82:
78:
75:
71:
67:
64:
60:
56:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3847:Tamhini Ghat
3842:Shiradi Ghat
3837:Sampaje Ghat
3827:Pasarni Ghat
3817:Palakkad Gap
3816:
3807:Malshej Ghat
3777:Kashedi Ghat
3669:Sinthan Pass
3634:Rohtang Pass
3614:Pangsau Pass
3509:Banihal Pass
3471:Spanggur Gap
3372:Palakkad Gap
3026:Nallathangal
3001:Linganamakki
2961:Karuppanadhi
2891:Bhavanisagar
2851:Aathupalayam
2823:Tamhini Ghat
2818:Palakkad Gap
2817:
2702:Parambikulam
2642:Karian Shola
2577:Bannerghatta
2562:Agasthyamala
2540:and reserves
2524:Sasthamkotta
2448:Thusharagiri
2273:Hanumangundi
2208:Athirappilly
2137:Valapattanam
1967:Parambikulam
1917:Pallichelaru
1847:Muvattupuzha
1842:Muthirapuzha
1622:Kannadipuzha
1351:Thirumoorthy
1235:Saptashrungi
1135:Mahendragiri
1050:Ettina Bhuja
1040:Elivai Malai
828:Nelliampathy
803:. Retrieved
799:the original
789:
777:. Retrieved
768:
727:
723:
713:
699:
682:
678:
668:
660:
654:
646:
640:
628:. Retrieved
624:
615:
603:. Retrieved
594:
468:Aralvaimozhi
450:Madathukulam
395:
371:
359:
330:
318:
300:
285:
234:
192:
189:Palakkad Gap
188:
187:
35:Palakkad Gap
29:
3880:Manpur Ghat
3875:Budhni Ghat
3832:Phonda Ghat
3787:Katraj Ghat
3782:Kamthe Ghat
3762:Ganesh Ghat
3752:Chorla Ghat
3737:Bhoste Ghat
3727:Bopdev Ghat
3702:Amboli Ghat
3697:Agumbe Ghat
3579:Kunzum Pass
3529:Borasu Pass
3524:Bum La Pass
3504:Auden's Col
3486:Zojila Pass
3476:Tanglang La
3461:Sasser Pass
3456:Marsimik La
3451:Kongka Pass
3446:Khardung La
3436:Jianan Pass
3411:Bilafond La
3136:Tungabhadra
2996:Krishnagiri
2966:Khadakwasla
2881:Bhandardara
2798:Chorla Ghat
2788:Amboli Ghat
2727:Radhanagari
2622:Grass Hills
2403:Sahasrakund
2318:Kumbakkarai
2248:Devaragundi
2203:Aruvikkuzhy
2117:Tungabhadra
2102:Thuthapuzha
2017:Punnappuzha
1947:Pandippuzha
1852:Nanganjiyar
1747:Madatharuvi
1727:Kunthipuzha
1707:Kumaradhara
1687:Kottappuzha
1522:Ghataprabha
1492:Daman Ganga
1477:Chulki Nala
1467:Chitravathi
1402:Ayalurpuzha
1387:Ambankadavu
1295:Velliangiri
1260:Tadiandamol
1185:Paithalmala
1145:Malleswaran
1100:Kolaribetta
901:Maharashtra
630:9 September
426:Muthalamada
392:Wind energy
348:winds from
338:Arabian Sea
303:Precambrian
193:Palghat Gap
118: /
93:Coordinates
18:Palghat Gap
3925:Categories
3901:Goran Ghat
3870:Bheru Ghat
3802:Mahur Ghat
3722:Bisle Ghat
3644:Saach Pass
3639:Rupin Pass
3554:Dongkha La
3549:Diphu Pass
3544:Debsa Pass
3519:Bhaba Pass
3431:Indira Col
3258:See also:
3061:Perunchani
3056:Pechiparai
3006:Manimuthar
2876:Bhadra Dam
2866:Amaravathi
2844:reservoirs
2757:Talakaveri
2752:Someshwara
2742:Shendurney
2722:Pushpagiri
2617:Eravikulam
2592:Brahmagiri
2509:Kodaikanal
2478:Vattaparai
2453:Tirparappu
2433:Soochipara
2413:Sengupathi
2283:Hogenakkal
2243:Courtallam
2191:Waterfalls
2072:Souparnika
2032:Dnyanganga
1972:Patalganga
1962:Papanasini
1942:Panchganga
1862:Neerppuzha
1827:Mula-Mutha
1792:Markandeya
1777:Manimuthar
1762:Malaprabha
1757:Malampuzha
1712:Kumudvathi
1667:Kokkiliyar
1642:Karimpuzha
1512:Gangavalli
1507:Edamalayar
1462:Cheruthoni
1457:Cherupuzha
1372:Achankovil
1290:Vavul Mala
1215:Rangaswamy
1090:Kodachadri
1085:Kemmangudi
1055:Gangamoola
1030:Doddabetta
1015:Devar Mala
1005:Brahmagiri
927:Kongu Nadu
906:Tamil Nadu
805:6 November
779:6 November
586:References
446:Dharapuram
430:Kollengode
414:Tamil Nadu
406:Coimbatore
342:Tamil Nadu
314:Madagascar
306:shear-zone
296:escarpment
241:Kongu Nadu
209:Tamil Nadu
205:Coimbatore
106:76°52′55″E
103:10°43′07″N
66:Tamil Nadu
3757:Dive Ghat
3732:Bhor Ghat
3707:Amba Ghat
3679:Tulung La
3659:Shipki La
3654:Shingo La
3649:Sela Pass
3629:Rezang La
3604:Namika La
3599:Nama Pass
3594:Mana Pass
3574:Kepang La
3559:Goecha La
3481:Umling La
3382:Thal Ghat
3357:Bhor Ghat
3166:Varasgaon
3046:Papanasam
2981:Kolkewadi
2971:Kodasalli
2931:Jayakwadi
2901:Chaskaman
2828:Thal Ghat
2793:Bhor Ghat
2783:Amba Ghat
2677:Nagarhole
2667:Mudumalai
2657:Kudremukh
2529:Vellayani
2499:Avalanche
2483:Vazhachal
2473:Vajrapoha
2443:Thalaiyar
2423:Shivganga
2388:Pandavgad
2363:Meenmutty
2293:Jaladurga
2258:Dudhsagar
2228:Catherine
2177:Wainganga
2162:Vedavathi
2157:Vashishti
2067:Sindphana
2052:Sharavati
2047:Shambhavi
2012:Pranahita
2007:Ponnaiyar
1982:Payaswini
1902:Painganga
1892:Pachaiyar
1867:Netravati
1802:Meenachil
1722:Kundalika
1677:Korapuzha
1662:Kodavanar
1657:Kodaganar
1587:Kadalundi
1577:Ithikkara
1567:Indrayani
1562:Indravati
1557:Honnuhole
1497:Dandavati
1482:Chulliyar
1442:Chalakudy
1432:Bindusara
1397:Arkavathi
1316:Anaimalai
1280:Vandaravu
1220:Ranipuram
1195:Pratapgad
1175:Nedumpara
1110:Kudremukh
1105:Kottamala
1080:Kattumala
1045:Eravimala
975:Ambukuthi
952:Tulu Nadu
891:Karnataka
826:from the
760:134717819
752:0016-7622
691:0974-6889
462:Aryankavu
418:Kanjikode
372:Both the
310:Ranotsara
255:Geography
195:is a low
53:Elevation
3812:Naneghat
3619:Pensi La
3609:Nathu La
3569:Jelep La
3496:Himalaya
3426:Gyong La
3416:Chang La
3156:Vaitarna
3131:Totladoh
3101:Solaiyar
3091:Servalar
3086:Sathanur
3081:Salaulim
3031:Nilwande
3016:Mukkadal
2976:Kodiveri
2886:Bhatghar
2842:Dams and
2813:Naneghat
2762:Thanthai
2672:Mukurthi
2602:Chimmony
2597:Chandoli
2572:Bandipur
2547:Anamalai
2463:Unchalli
2428:Siruvani
2383:Palaruvi
2378:Oliyarik
2353:Mallalli
2328:Kuchikal
2308:Kalhatti
2042:Shahanur
1887:Oshiwara
1832:Mullayar
1782:Manjalar
1772:Manimala
1767:Mangalam
1732:Kurumali
1627:Karamana
1552:Hemavati
1547:Gurupura
1532:Godavari
1447:Chaliyar
1407:Banganga
1326:Cardamom
1265:Taramati
1255:Sonsogor
1245:Sinhagad
1240:Saputara
1225:Ratangad
1200:Purandar
1180:Padagiri
1165:Mukurthi
1130:Madikeri
1070:Kalsubai
1020:Devimala
1000:Banasura
990:Anjaneri
942:Malenadu
473:Palakkad
456:See also
434:Pollachi
376:and the
213:Palakkad
203:between
62:Location
3862:Vindhya
3767:Goa Gap
3421:Fotu La
3205:Related
3196:Yeldari
3121:Temghar
3041:Panshet
2926:Itiadoh
2921:Hetwane
2916:Harangi
2861:Almatti
2803:Goa Gap
2767:Wayanad
2717:Periyar
2712:Peppara
2692:Nilgiri
2647:Karnala
2612:Dandeli
2607:Chinnar
2587:Bhimgad
2552:Annekal
2504:Berijam
2468:Vaideki
2458:Ulakkai
2408:Sathodi
2358:Manalar
2253:Devkund
2223:Barkana
2218:Bandaje
2213:Ayyanar
2132:Vaippar
2062:Shivana
2057:Shimsha
2037:Savitri
1997:Periyar
1957:Papagni
1952:Panzara
1897:Pahrali
1857:Narmada
1787:Manjira
1717:Kundali
1697:Krishna
1682:Korayar
1632:Karanja
1607:Kallayi
1602:Kallada
1542:Gomukhi
1487:Dahisar
1472:Chittar
1422:Bhavani
1341:Selbari
1336:Satmala
1331:Nilgiri
1311:Ambanad
1275:Vagamon
1250:Sispara
1010:Chembra
985:Anginda
980:Anamudi
937:Malabar
915:Regions
886:Gujarat
732:Bibcode
605:8 March
479:Gallery
422:Chittur
410:Tirupur
312:Gap of
292:Ponnani
269:Ponnani
231:History
199:in the
3889:Others
3664:Sin La
3539:Cho La
3466:Sia La
3403:Ladakh
3191:Walwan
3186:Waghur
3151:Vaigai
3141:Ujjani
3126:Tilari
3071:Ramtek
3021:Mulshi
3011:Mettur
2951:Kanher
2936:Kabini
2896:Bhushi
2856:Aliyar
2697:Palani
2687:Neyyar
2662:Mhadei
2582:Bhadra
2557:Aralam
2519:Pykara
2438:Suruli
2368:Monkey
2313:Katary
2233:Charpa
2182:Wardha
2152:Varahi
2147:Varada
2002:Poisar
1977:Pavana
1932:Pambar
1927:Pambar
1882:Noyyal
1872:Neyyar
1652:Kedaka
1647:Kaveri
1582:Kabini
1437:Chakra
1412:Bhadra
1382:Amarja
1365:Rivers
1346:Palani
1230:Salher
1210:Rajgad
1205:Raigad
1140:Mahuli
1025:Dhodap
932:Konkan
896:Kerala
873:States
758:
750:
689:
402:Kerala
237:Cheras
217:Kerala
70:Kerala
3181:Vihar
3116:Tansa
3111:Susri
3051:Pawna
2986:Koyna
2956:Kanva
2941:Kadra
2911:Gorur
2652:Koyna
2492:Lakes
2348:Magod
2343:Law's
2288:Irupu
2278:Hebbe
2268:Gokak
2198:Abbey
2167:Venna
2122:Ulhas
2112:Tunga
2107:Tirur
2087:Tasso
2082:Tapti
2077:Tansa
1987:Penna
1922:Pamba
1907:Palar
1837:Mutha
1817:Moyar
1812:Mithi
1702:Kubja
1692:Koyna
1672:Kolar
1637:Karha
1592:Kadva
1537:Gomai
1527:Girna
1502:Darna
1427:Bhima
1304:Hills
1270:Torna
962:Peaks
756:S2CID
245:Karur
81:Range
74:India
3395:Road
3307:Rail
3176:Veer
3106:Supa
2906:Dhom
2632:Kali
2514:Ooty
2333:Kune
2127:Vaan
1877:Nira
1822:Mula
1752:Mahé
1597:Kali
1377:Adan
922:Desh
807:2013
781:2013
748:ISSN
687:ISSN
632:2020
607:2015
448:and
408:and
211:and
2732:SAI
2298:Jog
1035:Don
881:Goa
740:doi
400:in
281:DEM
191:or
3927::
754:.
746:.
738:.
728:90
726:.
722:.
683:71
681:.
677:.
623:.
452:.
444:,
440:,
436:,
432:,
428:,
424:,
420:,
404:,
380:,
72:,
68:-
3292:e
3285:t
3278:v
857:e
850:t
843:v
809:.
783:.
762:.
742::
734::
707:.
693:.
634:.
609:.
271:)
20:)
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