27:
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sequences that make up proteins, but their role in protein function is not clearly known. It has been suggested that the existence of palindromes in peptides might be related to the prevalence of low-complexity regions in proteins, as palindromes are frequently associated with low-complexity
227:
The top strand reads 5'-GAATTC-3', while the bottom strand reads 3'-CTTAAG-5'. If the DNA strand is flipped over, the sequences are exactly the same (5'GAATTC-3' and 3'-CTTAAG-5'). Here are more restriction enzymes and the palindromic sequences which they recognize:
363:
sites. These are the sites where a methyl group can be attached to the palindromic sequence. Methylation makes the resultant gene inactive; this is called insertional inactivation or
402:-encoded V, D and J segments. Nucleotide insertions at V-D and D-J junctions are random, but some small subsets of these insertions are exceptional, in that one to three
371:
methylation at the tetracyclin resistant gene makes the plasmid liable to tetracyclin; after methylation at the tetracyclin resistant gene if the plasmid is exposed to
175:
are arranged as palindromes. A palindromic structure allows the Y chromosome to repair itself by bending over at the middle if one side is damaged.
127:
64:
91:
60:
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Larionov S, Loskutov A, Ryadchenko E (February 2008). "Chromosome evolution with naked eye: palindromic context of the life origin".
83:
278:
209:
534:
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inversely repeat the sequence of the germline DNA. These short complementary palindromic sequences are called
364:
498:
346:
167:) scattered over them. In 2008, a genome sequencing project discovered that large portions of the human
560:"A tale of two symmetrical tails: structural and functional characteristics of palindromes in proteins"
67:. This definition of palindrome thus depends on complementary strands being palindromic of each other.
736:
679:
436:
391:
212:(restriction enzymes) recognize specific palindromic sequences and cut them. The restriction enzyme
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portion since the entire hairpin is a part of same (single) strand of nucleic acid. Palindromic
648:
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because reversing the order of the nucleotides in the complement gives the original sequence.
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sequences. Their prevalence may also be related to the propensity of such sequences to form
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63:) on one strand is identical to the sequence in the same direction (e.g. 5' to 3') on the
20:
683:
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Giel-Pietraszuk M, Hoffmann M, Dolecka S, Rychlewski J, Barciszewski J (February 2003).
440:
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667:
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Ohno S (1990). "Intrinsic evolution of proteins. The role of peptidic palindromes".
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48:
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is slightly different from the definition used for words and sentences. Since a
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are read, (not just the bases on one strand), to determine a palindrome. Many
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71:
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205:
137:
26:
711:
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668:"Palindromic nucleotide analysis in human T cell receptor rearrangements"
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111:
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368:
149:
103:
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DNA or RNA sequence that matches its complement when read backwards
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114:(G)), a (single-stranded) nucleotide sequence is said to be a
56:
163:
and in the so-called
Bacterial Interspersed Mosaic Elements (
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A palindromic nucleotide sequence is capable of forming a
558:
Sheari A, Kargar M, Katanforoush A, et al. (2008).
611:"Protein assemblies with palindromic structure motifs"
178:
Palindromes also appear to be found frequently in the
59:
molecule whereby reading in a certain direction (e.g.
156:
instructions. They have been specially researched in
94:, and the nucleotides always pair in the same way (
204:. Because a DNA sequence is double stranded, the
126:is palindromic with its nucleotide-by-nucleotide
200:Palindromic sequences play an important role in
216:recognizes the following palindromic sequence:
8:
290:5'---G GATCC---3' 3'---CCTAG G---5'
266:5'---G AATTC---3' 3'---CTTAA G---5'
379:Palindromic nucleotides in T cell receptors
701:
691:
634:
585:
575:
230:
140:. The stem portion of the hairpin is a
609:Pinotsis N, Wilmanns M (October 2008).
419:
7:
359:Palindromic sequences may also have
314:5'---T CGA---3' 3'---AGC T---5'
666:Srivastava, SK; Robins, HS (2012).
375:tetracyclin, it does not survive.
339:5'---AG CT---3' 3'---TC GA---5'
14:
122:. For example, the DNA sequence
187:or protein/protein complexes.
51:sequence in a double-stranded
1:
693:10.1371/journal.pone.0052250
387:(TCR) genes is generated by
30:Palindrome of DNA structure
753:
279:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
18:
627:10.1007/s00018-008-8265-1
499:"Palindromes in proteins"
344:
210:restriction endonucleases
223:3'- C T T A A G -5'
220:5'- G A A T T C -3'
196:Restriction enzyme sites
82:is formed by two paired
19:Not to be confused with
577:10.1186/1471-2105-9-274
515:10.1023/A:1023454111924
478:(2–3): 287–91, 405–10.
365:insertional mutagenesis
142:pseudo-double stranded
118:if it is equal to its
40:
90:that run in opposite
29:
240:Recognition Sequence
65:complementary strand
45:palindromic sequence
684:2012PLoSO...752250S
615:Cell. Mol. Life Sci
441:2008Chaos..18a3105L
396:V(D)J recombination
328:Arthrobacter luteus
564:BMC Bioinformatics
367:. For example, in
285:5'GGATCC 3'CCTAGG
261:5'GAATTC 3'CTTAAG
148:are found in most
120:reverse complement
74:in the context of
41:
32:A: Palindrome, B:
449:10.1063/1.2826631
355:Methylation sites
352:
351:
303:Thermus aquaticus
202:molecular biology
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533:. Archived from
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255:Escherichia coli
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503:J. Protein Chem
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385:T cell receptor
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70:The meaning of
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21:inverted repeat
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678:(12): e52250.
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309:5'TCGA 3'AGCT
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102:(T) in DNA or
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540:on 2019-12-14
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435:(1): 013105.
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408:P nucleotides
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383:Diversity of
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185:alpha helices
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173:Y chromosomes
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542:. Retrieved
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106:(U) in RNA;
84:antiparallel
80:double helix
69:
49:nucleic acid
44:
42:
37:
33:
737:Palindromes
398:from their
361:methylation
161:chromosomes
152:or sets of
88:nucleotides
86:strands of
726:Categories
544:2011-02-25
414:References
404:base pairs
392:insertions
389:nucleotide
373:antibiotic
347:blunt ends
206:base pairs
128:complement
116:palindrome
92:directions
72:palindrome
472:Riv. Biol
158:bacterial
110:(C) with
98:(A) with
712:23284955
672:PLOS ONE
653:29569626
645:18791850
636:11131741
596:18547401
531:28294669
523:12760415
457:18377056
400:germline
191:Examples
131:TGGATCCA
124:ACCTAGGT
108:cytosine
76:genetics
61:5' to 3'
703:3528771
680:Bibcode
587:2474621
570:: 274.
484:2128128
437:Bibcode
180:peptide
154:genetic
150:genomes
138:hairpin
112:guanine
100:thymine
96:adenine
710:
700:
651:
643:
633:
594:
584:
529:
521:
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455:
369:PBR322
237:Source
234:Enzyme
146:motifs
104:uracil
649:S2CID
538:(PDF)
527:S2CID
429:Chaos
394:upon
273:BamH1
249:EcoR1
214:EcoR1
165:BIMEs
47:is a
36:, C:
708:PMID
641:PMID
592:PMID
519:PMID
480:PMID
453:PMID
345:* =
321:Alu1
297:Taq1
243:Cut
171:and
38:Stem
34:Loop
732:DNA
698:PMC
688:doi
631:PMC
623:doi
582:PMC
572:doi
511:doi
445:doi
57:RNA
55:or
53:DNA
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43:A
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323:*
169:X
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
