945:
ordinary trial could have reached if it were given proper directions by the judge. The grounds of the appeal rested on two areas of evidence where the defence claimed the original court was mistaken: the evidence of
Maltese shopkeeper, Tony Gauci, which the judges accepted as sufficient to prove that the "primary suitcase" started its journey in Malta; and, disputing the prosecution's case, fresh evidence would be adduced to show that the bomb's journey actually started at Heathrow. That evidence, which was not heard at the trial, showed that at some time in the two hours before 00:35 on 21 December 1988 a padlock had been forced on a secure door giving access air-side in Terminal 3 of Heathrow airport, near to the area referred to at the trial as the "baggage build-up area". Taylor claimed that the PA 103 bomb could have been planted then.
839:
timer is taken with the evidence that an unaccompanied bag was taken from KM180 to PA103A, the inference that that was the primary suitcase becomes, in our view, irresistible. As we have also said, the absence of an explanation as to how the suitcase was taken into the system at Luqa is a major difficulty for the Crown case but after taking full account of that difficulty, we remain of the view that the primary suitcase began its journey at Luqa. The clear inference which we draw from this evidence is that the conception, planning and execution of the plot which led to the planting of the explosive device was of Libyan origin.
1249:"A man who has a public office, who is prosecuting in the criminal courts in Scotland, has got a duty to put forward evidence based upon people he considers to be reliable. He was prepared to advance Gauci as a witness of truth in terms of identification and, if he had these misgivings about him, they should have surfaced at the time. The fact that he is coming out many years later after my former client has been in prison for nearly four and a half years is nothing short of disgraceful. Gauci's evidence was absolutely central to the conviction and for Peter Fraser not to realise that is scandalous," Taylor said.
835:"From the evidence which we have discussed so far, we are satisfied that it has been proved that the primary suitcase containing the explosive device was dispatched from Malta, passed through Frankfurt and was loaded onto PA103 at Heathrow. It is, as we have said, clear that with one exception the clothing in the primary suitcase was the clothing purchased in Mr Gauci’s shop on 7 December 1988. The purchaser was, on Mr Gauci’s evidence, a Libyan. The trigger for the explosion was an MST-13 timer of the single solder mask variety. A substantial quantity of such timers had been supplied to Libya.
969:(SCCRC), which was established by Act of Parliament in April 1999, has wide-ranging powers to investigate cases where a miscarriage of justice is alleged, and reviewed Megrahi's case from September 2003. Although the Commission normally expects to review a case and announce its decision within 12 months, it took nearly four years to complete the Megrahi review. On 28 June 2007 the SCCRC published a summary of its 800-page report and referred Megrahi's conviction to the
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528:, the Maltese shopkeeper, failed to positively identify Megrahi in nineteen separate pre-trial statements to the police. In court, Gauci was asked five times if he recognised anyone in the courtroom, without replying. Only when the prosecutor pointed to Megrahi did Gauci say that "he resembles him". On a previous occasion Gauci had identified
681:, confirmed that as an electronics engineer he had produced all of the firm's MST-13 timers. Lumpert agreed that the fragments shown to him in court "could be" from that timer and was asked to confirm his signature on a letter concerning a technical fault with the prototype MST-13 timer. The trial was then adjourned until 12 July 2000.
1098:, described the Lockerbie trial as an historic miscarriage of justice. The article concluded: "If Megrahi didn't do it, who did?" On 31 December 2008, Dr L. De Braeckeleer ended a 174-part series entitled Diary of a Vengeance Foretold. The article alleges that Iran ordered the bombing of Pan Am 103 in revenge for the downing of
893:
The defence team had 14 days in which to appeal against
Megrahi's conviction on 31 January 2001, and a further six weeks to submit the full grounds of the appeal. These were considered by a judge sitting in private who decided to grant Megrahi leave to appeal. The only basis for an appeal under Scots
187:
made three stipulations, when agreeing to hand over the two accused to the
Scottish police: that they would not be interviewed by the police; no one else in Libya would be sought for the bombing; and, that the trial should be before three Scottish judges, sitting without a jury. On 5 April 1999, over
850:
were also engaged in terrorist activities during the same period, we are satisfied that there was no evidence from which we could infer that they were involved in this particular act of terrorism, and the evidence relating to their activities does not create a reasonable doubt in our minds about the
944:
William Taylor QC, leading the defence, said at the appeal's opening on 23 January 2002 that the three trial judges sitting without a jury had failed to see the relevance of "significant" evidence and had accepted unreliable facts. He argued that the verdict was not one that a reasonable jury in an
838:
We cannot say that it is impossible that the clothing might have been taken from Malta, united somewhere with a timer from some source other than Libya and introduced into the airline baggage system at
Frankfurt or Heathrow. When, however, the evidence regarding the clothing, the purchaser and the
632:
material, had not been tested for explosives residue. The defence were, however, later criticized for having failed to challenge
Feraday to explain why his note to Detective Chief Inspector William Williamson in September 1989, covering a Polaroid photograph of the timer fragment (identified in May
535:
The clothes purchase took place on either 23 November or 7 December 1988; Megrahi was only in Malta on 7 December. Gauci recalled the customer also buying an umbrella due to the rain. The defence argued, using meteorological records, that it rained all day on 23 November, but only briefly or not at
152:
and any subsequent appeal, under the authority and control of the
Scottish Court. Dutch law still theoretically applied to the area, but, barring an emergency, the Dutch authorities were banned from entering the premises and the Court had the authority to enact regulations that superseded Dutch law
79:
Upon the indictment of the two Libyan suspects in
November 1991, the Libyan government was called upon to extradite them for trial in either the United Kingdom or the United States. Since no bilateral extradition treaty was in force between Libya and either of the two countries seeking extradition,
400:
Five pre-trial hearings took place: the accused waived their right to attend two procedural hearings at the High Court in
Edinburgh; they attended two hearings at Camp Zeist which were held in private; and, on 7 December 1999 they made their first public appearance before the Scottish Court in the
1060:
In
September 2008, following an application made at a closed hearing of the Appeal Court in Edinburgh, it was reported that a security-vetted Defence Counsel is to be appointed to examine the disputed document. The court's decision on the application has not been published but in a letter seen by
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The expected documents from the "country in the Mid East" – thought to be Syria – had not materialized by week 33, and the defence confirmed that the accused would not take the witness stand. The prosecution dropped two of the three charges against the accused, leaving the single charge of murder
594:
In the trial's second week, Detective
Constable Gilchrist was asked about the piece of charred material that he and DC McColm had found three weeks after the PA 103 crash. DC Gilchrist attached a label to the material and wrote "Cloth (charred)" on it. The word 'cloth' was overwritten by the word
341:
Five years after the trial, former Lord Advocate, Lord Fraser, who issued the arrest warrants in 1991, was alleged to have said that he was not entirely happy with the evidence presented against Megrahi during his trial in 2000, and in his subsequent appeal in 2002. However, he made it clear that
1206:
In August 2011, Black claimed that the three judges at the trial of the Lockerbie bomber reached a guilty verdict "contrary to the evidence" because, "consciously or subconsciously", they were under pressure to convict from the then Lord Advocate (Scotland's leading legal official), Lord Boyd of
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Five more passengers on flight KM 180 testified in week 13. The captain of flight KM 180, Khalil Lahoud, also gave evidence and was asked to confirm that the aircraft's altitude during the flight had exceeded 30,000 ft. This information was intended to demonstrate that an IED loaded at Luqa
1168:
Jim Swire, whose daughter Flora was killed in the bombing, and who has been a spokesman for UK Families Flight 103, which represented British relatives, has stated that he believes Megrahi is innocent. Swire is also concerned by comments attributed to the former lord advocate Lord Fraser, which
703:, UN observer at the Lockerbie trial, who was sent a copy of Lumpert's affidavit, said: "The Scottish authorities are now obliged to investigate this situation. Not only has Mr Lumpert admitted to stealing a sample of the timer, but to the fact he gave it to an official and then lied in court".
948:
On 14 March 2002 it took Lord Cullen less than three minutes to deliver the decision of the High Court of Justiciary. The five judges rejected the appeal, ruling unanimously that "none of the grounds of appeal was well-founded", adding "this brings proceedings to an end". The following day, a
1094:, that keeping Megrahi behind bars while he battled the disease "would amount to exquisite torture", the High Court ruled on 14 November 2008 that Megrahi should remain in jail while his appeal continued. In an article published on 29 December 2008 award-winning journalist and author,
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1264:
to ask Lord Fraser to see them and testify under oath – it's that serious. Fraser should have said this at the time and, if not then, he was under a moral obligation to do so before the trial at Zeist. I think there will be all sorts of consequences," Dalyell
1048:) to have access to a document which is in the possession of the Prosecution. How can there be equality of arms in such a situation? How can the independence of the judiciary be upheld if the executive power interferes into the appeal process in such a way?
1105:
In January 2009, it was reported that, although Megrahi's second appeal against conviction was scheduled to begin on 27 April 2009, the hearing could last as long as 12 months because of the complexity of the case and volume of material to be examined.
2990:
1235:"It was Lord Fraser who, as Lord Advocate, initiated the Lockerbie prosecution. At no stage, then or since, has he conveyed any reservation about any aspect of the prosecution to those who worked on the case, or to anyone in the prosecution service."
532:(who the defence contended was the real bomber) saying that Talb resembled the customer "a lot". Gauci's police statements identified the customer as over 6 feet tall and over 50 years of age; Megrahi is 5 feet 8 inches, and in late 1988 was 36.
1085:
that the scope of Megrahi's second appeal should be limited to the specific grounds of appeal that were identified by the SCCRC in June 2007. On 21 October 2008 Megrahi's lawyer, revealed that his client had been diagnosed with "advanced stage"
2718:
898:" which is not defined in statute and so it is for the appeal court to determine the meaning of these words in each case. Because three judges and one alternate judge had presided over the trial, five judges were required to preside over the
644:, testified that Mebo had supplied Libya with 20 MST-13 timing devices, and identified one of the two accused (Megrahi) as a former business contact. The defence asked Meister, under cross-examination, to explain the purpose of his visit to
1269:
Gerard Sinclair, chief executive of the SCCRC, refused to say whether the commission was investigating Lord Fraser's reported remarks. "Any investigation we carry out we seek to do so as rigorously and as thoroughly as possible," he said.
1224:, who drew up the 1991 indictment against the two accused Libyans and issued warrants for their arrest, had now cast doubt upon the reliability of the main prosecution witness, Tony Gauci. Lord Fraser criticised the Maltese shopkeeper for
718:. Wilfred Borg, Ground Operations Manager at Malta's Luqa airport, was questioned about Luqa's baggage handling procedures. A Mr Ferrugia confirmed that he had been a passenger on Air Malta flight KM 180 to Frankfurt on 21 December 1988.
1154:
In December 2014 the Lord Advocate, Frank Mulholland, said no Crown Office investigator or prosecutor had ever raised concerns about the evidence used to convict Megrahi. He also pledged to continue to track down Megrahi's accomplices.
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1172:
Swire has stated that "the scandal around Megrahi is not that a sick man was released, but that he was ever convicted in the first place. All I have ever wanted is to see the people who murdered my daughter are brought to justice."
757:, a convicted PFLP-GC member, would be called by the defence to testify in week 19, and when he failed to appear the trial was adjourned for the next five weeks to allow new evidence from a "country in the Mid East" to be examined.
1284:
and a Lockerbie expert, described the alleged remarks as "an indication that various people who have been involved in the Lockerbie prosecution are now positioning themselves in anticipation of the SCCRC holding that there was a
628:, gave evidence. Feraday presented the court with a simulated IED of the type alleged to have caused the sabotage of PA 103. Under cross-examination, he admitted the fragments of radio cassette and timer, found in DC Gilchrist's
65:
721:
Two Germans, Birgit Seliger and Evelin Steinwandt, confirmed in week 12 that they had also travelled on flight KM 180. Martin Huebner and Joachim Koscha were questioned about baggage handling procedures at Frankfurt airport.
515:, the co-founder of the Swiss manufacturer of the timer, testified that he had sold similar timers to East Germany, and admitted having connections to a number of intelligence agencies, including both the Libyans and the CIA.
1193:
in Scotland for 100 years". Prof. Black said he felt "a measure of personal responsibility" for persuading Libya to allow Megrahi and his co-accused, Al-Amin Khalifa Fhima, who was acquitted, to stand trial under Scots law.
752:
Rather than calling the defendants to the witness stand, their legal team sought to use the special defence of incrimination against the person or persons they believed were guilty of the crime. There was speculation that
655:, was questioned in week 8. Bollier said Mebo made a range of products including briefcases equipped to radio-detonate IEDs. He agreed that Mebo had sold 20 MST-13 timers to Libya in 1985 which were later tested by Libyan
3012:
1131:, announced the release of Megrahi under terms of Scottish laws permitting the early release on compassionate grounds of prisoners with terminal illnesses. He had terminal prostate cancer. After his release from
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674:, the former East German intelligence agency, testified behind screens in week 9. Wenzel claimed to have been Bollier's handler in the years 1982–85 and testified that Mebo had supplied the Stasi with timers.
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1202:
In 2007 Prof. Black has written that he is "satisfied that not only was there a wrongful conviction , but the victim of it was an innocent man. Lawyers, and I hope others, will appreciate this distinction."
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contingency fees of ÂŁ1.4 million ($ 2.5 million) were deducted from each family's compensation payment, and were retained by the US law firms involved: a total of ÂŁ385 million ($ 675 million) in legal fees
107:
in October 1997. At the latter meeting, Mandela warned that "no one nation should be complainant, prosecutor and judge" in the Lockerbie case. The eventually agreed compromise solution of a trial in the
540:
In its closing arguments, the prosecution stressed that Megrahi could not have planted the bomb without the assistance of Fhimah – both defendants were equally guilty, and should stand or fall together.
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Libya refused to hand the men over but did offer to detain them for trial in Libya, as long as all the incriminating evidence was provided. The offer was unacceptable to the US and UK, and there was an
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a former colleague in the Libyan Airlines office in Malta, Abdulmajid Gialka, who was due to testify that he had seen the construction of the bomb, or at least its loading onto the plane at Frankfurt;
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The Crown concluded the prosecution case in week 26. In its closing address for Fhimah in weeks 26 and 27, the defence submitted there was no case for him to answer. There were no weeks 28 to 32.
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2782:
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1189:, one of Scotland's top legal experts and the person who devised the non-jury trial that saw the Lockerbie case heard in 2000, has called al-Megrahi's murder conviction "the most disgraceful
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an IED that was contained within a Toshiba radio cassette player in a hard-shell Samsonite suitcase along with various items of clothing which had been bought in Mary's House, Sliema, Malta;
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1036:(PII) certificate which has been issued by you in connection with the new Appeal of the convicted Libyan national. Withholding of evidence from the Defence was one of the reasons why the
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1151:
and to a hero's welcome. He died in 2012. In May 2014 a group of relatives of the Lockerbie victims continued to campaign for al-Megrahi's name to be cleared by reopening the case.
764:, who was questioned by prosecutor Alan Turnbull and by both defence counsel William Taylor and Richard Keen. After his testimony, judge Lord Sutherland asked Salinger to leave the
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I have written about this and nobody is interested..Every lawyer who has ... read the judgment says 'this is nonsense'. It is nonsense. It really distresses me; I won't let it go.
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1436:
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1305:, criticised the trial in his report and evaluation. Köchler observed that the trial had been politically influenced in breach of legal traditions and principles, such as the
1421:
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Court proceedings started on 3 May 2000 with the prosecution outlining the case against the accused and previewing the evidence which they expected would satisfy the judges
1398:
compensation of ÂŁ4.5 million ($ 8 million) was paid in August 2003 by Libya to each family of the 270 victims: a total of ÂŁ1.23 billion ($ 2.16 billion)
4196:
4348:
1256:, former Labour MP who played a crucial role in organising the trial at Camp Zeist in the Netherlands, described Lord Fraser's remarks as an 'extraordinary development':
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AG, but decided that, unless evidence to incriminate Bollier were to be introduced during the trial, he would not be included as a co-conspirator in causing the bombing.
1044:. The Appeal cannot go ahead if the Government of the United Kingdom, through the PII certificate issued by you, denies the Defence the right (also guaranteed under the
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1077:"In no country can the situation be allowed where the accused or the appellant is not free to have his own defence team, and instead someone is imposed upon him."
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In week 34 the defence argued that the IED started its journey at Heathrow, rather than Luqa airport in Malta. The judges then retired to consider their verdict.
4009:
3899:
100:
1334:, Köchler referred to the 'totalitarian' nature of the ongoing second Lockerbie appeal process saying it "bears the hallmarks of an 'intelligence operation'."
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the judges said: "There is nothing in the evidence which leaves us with any reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the first accused, and accordingly we find him
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the aircraft reconstruction was the only one not conveyed to court (it remained at the Air Accident Investigations Branch premises at Farnborough in England)
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the running costs of the appeal were put at about ÂŁ2m per month, which combined to produce a total bill of ÂŁ75m, as estimated by the Scottish Executive
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3756:
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1309:. In an interview for the BBC on the day the first appeal was rejected, he described the court's decision as a "spectacular miscarriage of justice".
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and, in accordance with the Labour government's promotion of an "ethical" foreign policy, was given political impetus by the then foreign secretary,
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MST-13 timer that allegedly detonated the PA103 bomb. Further procedural hearings were scheduled to take place between December 2007 and June 2008.
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fragments which he identified as coming from the Mebo MST-13 timer, but he claimed that these timer fragments appeared to have been modified.
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witnesses came from the UK, USA, Libya, Japan, Germany, Malta, Switzerland, Slovenia, Sweden, the Czech Republic, India, France and Singapore
931:
595:'debris'. DC Gilchrist's attempts to explain the overwriting were later described by the judges as "at worst evasive and at best confusing."
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598:
There was no third week and, because of equipment problems in the courtroom, only a truncated fourth week. In week 5, Professor Peel of the
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1016:'s website and accusing the British government of "delaying tactics" in relation to Megrahi's second Lockerbie appeal, UN Observer at the
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permission in January 2002 to televise the appeal, and to broadcast it on the Internet in English with a simultaneous Arabic translation.
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3353:
1426:
1317:
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gave evidence in week 25 and testified that he had been babysitting at home in Sweden when PA 103 was sabotaged on 21 December 1988.
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As international observer, appointed by the United Nations, at the Scottish Court in the Netherlands I am also concerned about the
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documents that were shown to the prosecution but were not disclosed to the defence. The documents are understood to relate to the
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173:, were accused of the crime. In the run-up to the trial, the prosecution considered bringing charges against Swiss businessman,
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663:. Bollier said: "I was present when two such timers were included in bomb cylinders". In court, Bollier was shown a number of
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in the US, had connections with the CIA prior to 1988, and stood to collect up to $ 4m in reward money following a conviction.
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that the clothes identified as having been in the bomb suitcase had been bought by the defendant Megrahi at a shop in Malta.
1245:, who defended Megrahi at the trial and the appeal, said Lord Fraser should never have presented Gauci as a crown witness:
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2516:
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2462:"UN Observer to the Lockerbie Trial says 'totalitarian' appeal process bears the hallmarks of an "intelligence operation""
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590:, loaded into the interline baggage container AVE 4041PA at Heathrow, and put on board PA 103 in the forward cargo hold.
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from Mebo and gave it without permission on 22 June 1989, to "an official person investigating the Lockerbie case". Dr
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Lord Boyd has asked Lord Fraser to clarify his apparent attack on Gauci by issuing a public statement of explanation.
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1056:"Ultimately, it will be for the Court to decide whether the material should be disclosed, not the Foreign Secretary."
772:"That's all? You're not letting me tell the truth. Wait a minute, I know exactly who did it. I know how it was done."
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of Mary's House, Sliema in Malta, testified that he had sold a number of items of clothing to one of the defendants,
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157:. The court itself, as well as people involved in the trial also enjoyed total or partial immunity from Dutch law.
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the US government made a substantial contribution towards the extra costs of holding the trial in the Netherlands
299:
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were in post from the 1991 indictment of the two accused Libyans until their trial in 2000 – three Conservative:
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offered South Africa as a neutral venue for the trial but this was rejected by the then British prime minister,
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officers relating to interception of arms caches (including MST-13 timers) in the West African countries of
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of 23 October 2005, Lord Fraser allegedly cast doubt upon the reliability of the main prosecution witness,
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expressed their views on the Lockerbie trial and the first appeal, and suggested what should happen next.
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144:, in the Netherlands. Facilities for a high security prison were also installed there. Under a bilateral
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Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission news release on Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed Al Megrahi 28 June 2007
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780:"If you wish to make a point you may do so elsewhere, but I'm afraid you may not do so in this court."
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Reports on the trial and appeal judgments by the UN-appointed international observer, Dr Hans Köchler
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2002:
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885:, with a recommendation that he should serve at least 20 years before being eligible for parole.
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In week 17, another four passengers on flight KM 180 were asked to testify. The following week,
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languages translated in court were Arabic, French, Czech, Japanese, Swedish, Maltese and German
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criticised the development as "intolerable" and "detrimental to the rule of law." Köchler said:
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1001:, discussed legal issues with a panel of three judges. One of the issues concerns a number of
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between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, these premises were, for the duration of the
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original estimates for the entire proceedings were put at ÂŁ150m (or double the actual spend)
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On 15 October 2008, five Scottish judges decided unanimously to reject a submission by the
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737:, a defector from the Libyan intelligence service, appeared wearing sunglasses and a wig.
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The High Court of Justiciary (Proceedings in the Netherlands) (United Nations) Order 1998
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95:. A further three years elapsed until Mandela's offer was repeated to Major's successor,
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In what was described as a milestone in Scottish legal history, Lord Cullen granted the
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There was no week 35. The judges announced their verdict on 31 January 2001 in week 36.
794:
against both Megrahi and Fhimah. The defence claimed the accused had no case to answer.
4363:
3818:
3674:
3654:
3575:
3570:
3543:
3490:
3152:
3104:
3081:
3023:
2933:
2128:
1386:
80% of the running costs along with capital expenditure were borne by the UK government
1320:
1025:
678:
656:
88:
997:
took place on 11 October 2007 when prosecution lawyers and Megrahi's defence Counsel,
863:
of the murder charge. Fhimah was freed and he returned to his home at Souk al-Juma in
401:
Netherlands. At this public hearing the presiding judge, Lord Sutherland, ruled that:
4262:
3992:
3882:
3828:
3803:
3793:
3538:
3485:
3162:
3033:
2828:
2761:
1981:
1465:
950:
692:
652:
641:
512:
361:
291:
174:
706:
In week 11, Mebo lawyer Dieter Neupert filed an official criminal complaint against
4159:
3949:
3857:
3840:
3727:
3560:
2532:
2528:
2006:
1756:
1374:
there were 10,232 pages of court transcripts covering more than three million words
1062:
660:
579:
389:
377:
315:
2573:
2286:"Ekklesia | Lockerbie verdict a tragedy for Scottish justice, says Jim Swire"
2050:
1918:
1892:
1052:
The FCO corrected the error on its website and wrote to Köchler on 27 August 2008:
1571:
412:
they could be described as members of their country's intelligence services; and,
3845:
3533:
3463:
2751:
2512:
Criminal complaint regarding the falsification of evidence in the Lockerbie case
2228:
1510:
1306:
1253:
1066:
989:
The second appeal was to have been heard by five Scottish judges in 2009 at the
872:
809:
765:
429:
307:
189:
149:
109:
28:
1854:
1824:
1802:
1734:
1135:
in Scotland, Megrahi travelled in a white police van flanked by police cars to
415:
the start of the full trial was delayed by three months (from 2 February 2000).
221:
The full charges included the names of the murdered 259 passengers and crew of
3281:
3132:
2568:
2205:
1619:
1302:
821:
760:
One of the last witnesses for the prosecution was broadcaster and politician,
727:
711:
525:
349:
121:
96:
92:
200:
The two accused denied all charges against them. Three outline charges were:
4181:
4154:
4054:
3788:
3739:
2623:
2327:"Lockerbie judges under pressure to convict al-Megrahi, claims legal expert"
2201:"BBC News - Lockerbie bombing: Megrahi conviction review sought by families"
1392:
the creation of the special court and prison complex at Camp Zeist cost ÂŁ12m
1324:
1277:
1169:
appeared to doubt the credibility of a key prosecution witness, Tony Gauci.
1091:
1082:
994:
860:
825:
813:
707:
685:
226:
133:
104:
36:
2440:"Politics and justice: the Lockerbie trial, ABC Radio National (Australia)"
689:
188:
a year ahead of the start of the trial, Megrahi and Fhimah arrived in the
3761:
2395:
2247:"Abdelbaset al-Megrahi 'could be targeted by Osama Bin Laden Navy Seals'"
784:
529:
1969:
International Progress Organization, Vienna, News Release, 21 July 2008
1364:
there were 1867 documentary reproductions and 621 label productions (or
342:
this did not mean that he believed Megrahi to be innocent. According to
64:
4174:
4169:
3744:
2539:
Police investigations of "politically sensitive" or high-profile crimes
2285:
1301:, who was appointed as one of the UN observers by UN Secretary-General
1231:
The then Lord Advocate, Lord Boyd, reacted to the remarks, as follows:
1109:
On 18 August 2009, Megrahi dropped his appeal in light of his terminal
1069:
says it has decided to appoint a special defender. In a BBC interview,
954:
843:
817:
614:
81:
1228:
being "not quite the full shilling" and an "apple short of a picnic".
490:
The case against the two defendants rested primarily on three points:
153:
when necessary for the execution of the trial, and to jail people for
4149:
4129:
2958:
1444:, another trial by judges from a judiciary other than the host nation
334:, who had helped draw up the indictment against the two accused, and
145:
2578:
1260:"I think there is an obligation for the chairman and members of the
973:
for a fresh appeal. The SCCRC's findings were examined in detail by
4144:
4139:
4134:
3712:
1383:
20% of the running costs were met by Scotland's Justice Department
864:
738:
671:
645:
602:(DERA) gave evidence concerning the baggage container AVE 4041PA.
184:
99:, when the president visited London in July 1997 and again at the
73:
63:
2788:
Residence of the Ambassador of the Netherlands in Washington D.C.
1346:
there were 84 court days (between 3 May 2000 and 31 January 2001)
1289:
miscarriage of justice, and sending it back for a fresh appeal."
684:
On 18 July 2007 Lumpert admitted he had lied at the trial. In an
23:
began on 3 May 2000, more than 11 years after the destruction of
4119:
2823:
2267:
618:
567:
an IED triggered by the use of an MST-13 timer, manufactured by
494:
that the bomb timer used was from a batch sold by a Swiss firm,
3640:
190th Fighter Squadron, Blues and Royals friendly fire incident
3625:
JPMorgan Chase Bank v. Traffic Stream (BVI) Infrastructure Ltd.
2994:
2722:
2582:
2493:
Transcript of Trial (Linked PDF document no longer available.)
1002:
938:
710:
over what he alleged was a 'forged fragment of MST-13 timer'.
606:
423:
3267:
Convention Between the United States and Great Britain (1930)
695:, Lumpert stated that he had stolen a prototype MST-13 timer
633:
1989), said it was "the best I can do in such a short time."
3394:
1993 United Kingdom–United States Maritime Boundary Treaties
730:
trigger. The trial was then adjourned until 22 August 2000.
2559:
Pressure grows for explanation in Lockerbie witness dispute
2229:"Lockerbie bombing: 'No evidence' that Megrahi is innocent"
1330:
In the June 2008 edition of the Scottish lawyers' magazine
1207:
Duncansby. Lord Boyd declared the allegations "ludicrous".
388:. Both defendants also had access to Libyan defence lawyer
177:, of the electronics firm that made the timer for the bomb
828:. The judges announced their verdicts on 31 January 2001.
2097:"Tehran Hands Over the Remaining Funds to Jibril PFLP-GC"
1464:. South Africa: Dispatch. 27 October 1997. Archived from
1316:, which was broadcast on 9 September 2007 by Australia's
855:
The judges were unanimous in finding the second accused,
3479:
United States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom
949:
helicopter took Megrahi from Camp Zeist to continue his
376:. Fhimah was represented by solicitors and by advocates
4210:
The Evil Empire: 101 Ways That England Ruined the World
3411:
Agreement Concerning the Shipwrecked Vessel RMS Titanic
2074:"Lockerbie Trial is an Historic Miscarriage of Justice"
1548:. Terrorismcentral.com. 31 January 2001. Archived from
1143:. Megrahi flew home to Tripoli, Libya, accompanied by
875:
of the remaining charge in the indictment as amended."
726:
airport would have had a timed detonator rather than a
112:
governed by Scots law was engineered by legal academic
3873:
United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II
3077:
Ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom
3055:
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the United States
2497:
Scottish Courts site with Verdict and Appeal documents
1368:– the largest of which was an aircraft reconstruction)
605:
Week 6 was devoted to the testimony behind screens of
518:
Gialka, by the time of the trial was living under the
2378:"UN observer at the Lockerbie trial, Dr Hans Köchler"
3878:
Allied technological cooperation during World War II
2262:
2260:
3980:
3700:
3499:
3439:
3118:
3042:
2926:
2890:
2837:
2811:
2798:
Ambassadors of the United States to the Netherlands
2783:
Ambassadors of the Netherlands to the United States
2770:
2685:
2652:
2616:
2517:
Lockerbie trial website: full week-by-week coverage
1422:
Investigation into the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103
508:Each of these points was contested by the defence.
245:was presided over by three senior judges, known as
4197:18th-century American piracy of British literature
2181:Cowell, Alan; Sulzberger, A. G. (20 August 2009).
2029:"Judgment on the scope of Megrahi's second appeal"
1377:the cost of the trial itself was estimated at ÂŁ60m
586:, transferred there onto feeder flight PA 103A to
2554:Lockerbie returns to haunt "tricky" Malta witness
2124:"Secret talks on deal to return Megrahi to Libya"
1139:, where he boarded a special flight from Libya's
314:. Lord Boyd led the prosecution on behalf of the
3100:United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland
1127:On 20 August 2009, Scotland's Justice Minister,
582:in Malta, conveyed by Air Malta flight KM180 to
4249:Category:United Kingdom–United States relations
3050:Embassy of the United Kingdom, Washington, D.C.
2634:Hans Köchler's Lockerbie trial observer mission
2183:"Lockerbie Convict Returns to Jubilant Welcome"
1847:"News Release: Abdelbaset Ali Momed Al Megrahi"
1437:Hans Köchler's Lockerbie trial observer mission
1196:
1040:has referred Mr. Al-Megrahi’s case back to the
3645:Detention of U.S. and UK diplomats in Zimbabwe
3369:United Nations Security Council Resolution 135
2353:"Lord Boyd hits back at Lockerbie allegations"
1647:"Vital Lockerbie evidence 'was tampered with'"
1513:modified Scottish law in relation to the Court
1352:the Crown listed 1160 witnesses and called 227
993:. A procedural hearing at the Appeal Court in
4010:United States v England (1950 FIFA World Cup)
3900:British contribution to the Manhattan Project
3006:
2734:
2594:
2418:"Dr Köchler's report on the Lockerbie appeal"
2306:. Lockerbiecase.blogspot.com. 1 November 2007
1881:(Motion picture). Al Jazeera. 11 August 2007.
578:being introduced as unaccompanied baggage at
101:1997 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
8:
4231:President Trump – The Piers Morgan Interview
3910:British nuclear testing in the United States
2981:Category:Netherlands–United States relations
2778:Embassy of the Netherlands, Washington, D.C.
3814:Strategic Air Command in the United Kingdom
2529:Police chief – Lockerbie evidence was faked
553:that the sabotage of PA 103 was caused by:
458:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4192:Kingdom of Hanover–United States relations
3013:
2999:
2991:
2819:Van Mook–MacArthur Civil Affairs Agreement
2741:
2727:
2719:
2601:
2587:
2579:
2304:"Robert Black meets Mr al-Megrahi in jail"
1709:"Alleged 'forged fragment of MST-13 timer"
3998:United Kingdom and the American Civil War
3757:International Maritime Security Construct
3452:United States Declaration of Independence
3092:Consulate of the United States, Liverpool
2898:American-British-Dutch-Australian Command
2502:Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission
2095:Dr L. De Braeckeleer (31 December 2008).
1851:Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission
1432:Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission
1314:Politics and justice: the Lockerbie trial
1262:Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission
1038:Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission
967:Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission
961:SCCRC review (September 2003 – June 2007)
842:While no doubt organisations such as the
478:Learn how and when to remove this message
4187:Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden
2877:American Service-Members' Protection Act
2099:. OhMyNews International. Archived from
1524:"Full charges, and names of 270 victims"
1117:Release and death of Megrahi (2009–2012)
326:. Alongside the prosecution were seated
3930:Combined Production and Resources Board
3110:Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
2803:Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
2793:Embassy of the United States, The Hague
1572:"BBC News | In Dept | The men in robes"
1488:"Treaty concerning the trial (page 98)"
1462:"Families say SA trial site acceptable"
1453:
611:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms
405:the two Libyans should face charges of
4359:United Kingdom–United States relations
4075:British International School of Boston
4025:Cayman Islands–United States relations
4015:American studies in the United Kingdom
3836:United States Naval Facility, Barbados
3029:United Kingdom–United States relations
1645:Smith, Alex Duval (2 September 2007).
768:. However, the broadcaster responded:
600:Defence Evaluation and Research Agency
318:. Assisting him were Advocate Deputes
249:and an additional judge (non-voting):
4095:Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission
3277:U.S.–British Staff Conference (ABC–1)
1417:Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories
545:Proceedings (May 2000 – January 2001)
360:Representing Megrahi were solicitor,
225:, and the eleven residents killed at
7:
4349:Netherlands–United Kingdom relations
3925:Combined Munitions Assignments Board
3723:CIA activities in the United Kingdom
3670:The United States of America v Nolan
3426:British-American Parliamentary Group
3065:Embassy of the United States, London
2396:"Spectacular miscarriage of justice"
1735:"Salinger told to leave witness box"
1711:. Mebocom-defilee.ch. Archived from
456:adding citations to reliable sources
4354:Netherlands–United States relations
3687:Trump Tower wiretapping allegations
3354:Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry
2757:Netherlands–United States relations
2351:Magnus Linklater (10 August 2011).
2156:"Lockerbie bomber's appeal dropped"
2003:"Appeal court plans Lockerbie move"
1945:"Lockerbie documents security plea"
1678:"Probe into Lockerbie timer claims"
1427:Libya and state-sponsored terrorism
1355:the defence listed 121 and called 3
1046:European Convention on Human Rights
776:But Lord Sutherland told Salinger:
670:Joachim Wenzel, an employee of the
636:Later in week 7, the co-founder of
31:took place at a specially convened
4090:Friends of Ireland (U.S. Congress)
3940:Combined Shipping Adjustment Board
3868:Diplomatic history of World War II
3809:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
3416:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
3329:Anglo-American Petroleum Agreement
2954:Astronomical Netherlands Satellite
1893:"Lockerbie bomber in fresh appeal"
1597:Doubts about Tony Gauci's evidence
889:Appeal (January 2001 – March 2002)
824:was available to the judges under
14:
3613:Scottish Court in the Netherlands
3230:Anglo-French Financial Commission
3178:Shanghai International Settlement
3087:British Consulate-General, Boston
2964:2019 FIFA Women's World Cup final
2949:Netherlands lunar sample displays
2882:Disappearance of Natalee Holloway
2865:Scottish Court in the Netherlands
2544:Fraser: my Lockerbie trial doubts
1919:"'Secret' Lockerbie report claim"
1220:of 23 October 2005 reported that
977:in two episodes of the network's
247:Lords Commissioners of Justiciary
126:Scottish Court in the Netherlands
33:Scottish Court in the Netherlands
27:on 21 December 1988. The 36-week
4244:
4243:
4060:American Ambulance Great Britain
3650:Release of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi
3630:British Guantanamo Bay detainees
3514:Arbuthnot and Ambrister incident
3399:UK–US extradition treaty of 2003
3032:
3022:
2976:
2975:
2760:
2750:
2569:Call to clear up Lockerbie doubt
2072:Miles, Hugh (29 December 2008).
1982:"FCO reply dated 27 August 2008"
1676:Adams, Lucy (5 September 2007).
1123:Release of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi
745:since July 1991, testified that
624:In week 7 Alan Feraday, also of
428:
4299:2001 in United Kingdom case law
4217:Drunk Enough to Say I Love You?
4020:Bermuda–United States relations
3905:British hydrogen bomb programme
2564:Time to look again at Lockerbie
1757:"Fhimah was found "not guilty""
584:Frankfurt International Airport
277:Additional judge (non-voting):
21:Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial
4334:Libya–United Kingdom relations
4309:High Court of Justiciary cases
3888:British Security Co-ordination
3364:US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement
3225:Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909
3060:British Ambassador's residence
2442:. Abc.net.au. 9 September 2007
2122:Lucy Adams (15 January 2009).
1853:. 28 June 2007. Archived from
1825:"Grounds of appeal (extracts)"
1620:"Lockerbie bomb 'in suitcase'"
1442:LOT Flight 165 hijacking trial
1312:In a radio programme entitled
894:law is that there has been a "
808:In addition to the options of
1:
4339:Libya–United States relations
3915:British Purchasing Commission
3708:2024 missile strikes in Yemen
2051:"Timeline: Lockerbie bombing"
1024:, wrote to Foreign Secretary
1012:Pointing out an error on the
851:Libyan origin of this crime."
743:US Witness Protection Program
16:2000 trial in the Netherlands
4319:Trials in the United Kingdom
3935:Combined Raw Materials Board
3733:Expulsion of the Chagossians
3307:Washington Conference (1943)
3297:Second Washington Conference
3188:Halifax Fisheries Commission
2549:Lockerbie: was justice done?
2053:. BBC News. 2 September 2009
1759:. I-p-o.org. 31 January 2001
1737:. BBC News. 21 November 2000
1323:, Köchler, Robert Black and
1147:, son of the Libyan leader,
87:In November 1994, President
4344:Libya–Netherlands relations
3970:Tripartite Naval Commission
3960:Four Power Naval Commission
3250:Washington Naval Conference
3183:Treaty of Washington (1871)
3173:Lyons–Seward Treaty of 1862
2325:Mike Wade (9 August 2011).
1526:. BBC News. 11 January 2001
1349:230 witnesses gave evidence
867:on 1 February 2001. As for
559:improvised explosive device
4380:
4080:British War Relief Society
3784:Operation Vigilant Warrior
3718:British Defence Staff – US
3665:FTC v. Balls of Kryptonite
3457:American Revolutionary War
2268:"News | The Scotsman"
1803:"14 days to launch appeal"
1177:Law Professor Robert Black
1120:
520:Witness Protection Program
328:U.S. Department of Justice
215:Aviation Security Act 1982
140:base called Camp Zeist in
84:for the next three years.
4314:Trials in the Netherlands
4240:
4105:Mont Tremblant Conference
3767:Bush–Blair 2003 Iraq memo
3586:Venezuelan crisis of 1895
3474:Chesapeake–Leopard affair
3272:Destroyers-for-bases deal
3245:Conference of Ambassadors
2972:
2918:Maastricht Aachen Airport
2855:Tenerife airport disaster
2398:. BBC News. 14 March 2002
1827:. BBC News. 14 March 2002
1805:. BBC News. 14 March 2002
1779:"Lockerbie trial verdict"
1684:. Glasgow. Archived from
1342:Some general statistics:
1090:. Despite the appeals of
985:Second appeal (2007–2009)
300:Lord Rodger of Earlsferry
4070:British-American Project
3635:Dixie Chicks controversy
3344:Moscow Conference (1945)
3334:Second Quebec Conference
3158:Webster–Ashburton Treaty
2939:Dutch West India Company
1653:. London. Archived from
1546:"Lockerbie trial Judges"
1276:, Professor Emeritus of
1222:Lord Fraser of Carmyllie
1042:High Court of Justiciary
1034:Public Interest Immunity
1028:on 21 July 2008 saying:
991:Court of Criminal Appeal
971:Court of Criminal Appeal
900:Court of Criminal Appeal
304:Lord Mackay of Drumadoon
296:Lord Fraser of Carmyllie
239:High Court of Justiciary
130:High Court of Justiciary
70:High Court of Justiciary
4274:2001 in the Netherlands
4269:2000 in the Netherlands
4115:UK Fulbright Commission
4085:Cambridge–MIT Institute
4050:North Atlantic triangle
4035:Second British Invasion
3660:Death of Linda Norgrove
3596:Hindu–German Conspiracy
3591:Alaska boundary dispute
3549:Bombardment of Greytown
3524:Oregon boundary dispute
3431:Friends of Wales Caucus
3379:Polaris Sales Agreement
3339:Malta Conference (1945)
3312:First Quebec Conference
3260:Washington Naval Treaty
3210:Olney–Pauncefote Treaty
3195:Treaty of Berlin (1889)
3096:Northern Ireland Bureau
3070:Macdonald House, London
2076:. The Cutting Edge News
1878:Lockerbie bombing probe
1606:17 January 2006 at the
1282:University of Edinburgh
1187:University of Edinburgh
804:Verdicts (January 2001)
571:Ag in Switzerland; and,
551:beyond reasonable doubt
243:Camp Zeist, Netherlands
138:United States Air Force
118:University of Edinburgh
41:United States Air Force
3955:Four-Power Authorities
3200:Bering Sea Arbitration
3128:Treaty of Paris (1783)
1211:Remarks by Lord Fraser
1200:
1191:miscarriage of justice
1079:
1058:
1050:
896:miscarriage of justice
853:
831:The judgement stated:
741:, who had been on the
677:Former Mebo employee,
630:cloth/debris (charred)
312:Lord Boyd of Duncansby
114:Professor Robert Black
76:
39:and held at a disused
4125:Apollo (cable system)
3389:Guadeloupe Conference
3235:Migratory Bird Treaty
3220:Hay–Pauncefote Treaty
3215:Tripartite Convention
3168:Clayton–Bulwer Treaty
3138:Monroe–Pinkney Treaty
2850:Island of Palmas Case
2677:Lamin Khalifah Fhimah
2665:Abdelbaset al-Megrahi
1145:Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
1075:
1054:
1030:
981:series in July 2007.
953:in Barlinnie Prison,
869:Abdelbaset al-Megrahi
857:Lamin Khalifah Fhimah
833:
665:printed circuit board
171:Lamin Khalifah Fhimah
167:Abdelbaset al-Megrahi
67:
4110:Royal Oak Foundation
4100:Marshall Scholarship
3988:Special Relationship
3799:RAF Ascension Island
3779:Operation Sky Shield
3421:New Atlantic Charter
3404:Extradition Act 2003
3384:Bermuda II Agreement
2944:Netherlands Carillon
2913:Soesterberg Air Base
2908:Operation Easy Chair
911:Lord Justice-General
749:was a Libyan agent.
557:the explosion of an
452:improve this section
320:Alastair Campbell QC
4304:2001 in British law
4224:Letter from America
4065:The Atlantic Bridge
3920:Combined Food Board
3851:Supreme War Council
3774:Montreal Laboratory
3692:Death of Harry Dunn
3509:Embargo Act of 1807
3447:American Revolution
3359:Anglo-American loan
3324:Moscow Declarations
3205:Great Rapprochement
2903:Bombing of Nijmegen
2644:Conspiracy theories
2472:on 7 September 2008
2251:www.telegraph.co.uk
2235:. 20 December 2014.
2031:. Scotcourts.gov.uk
2009:. 17 September 2008
1100:Iran Air Flight 655
651:Meister's partner,
132:, was set up under
4324:Trials in Scotland
3701:Military relations
3680:Christopher Steele
3302:Bermuda Conference
3292:Arcadia Conference
2891:Military relations
2290:old.ekklesia.co.uk
2187:The New York Times
2136:on 29 January 2009
1657:on 16 October 2008
1164:Views of Jim Swire
979:People & Power
536:all on 7 December.
409:as well as murder;
396:Pre-trial hearings
306:, and two Labour:
77:
74:Zeist, Netherlands
4329:Pan Am Flight 103
4256:
4255:
3893:Alexander Halpern
3608:Pan Am Flight 103
3566:Chesapeake Affair
3349:Bermuda Agreement
3255:Four-Power Treaty
3148:Rush–Bagot Treaty
2988:
2987:
2860:Pan Am Flight 103
2716:
2715:
2610:Pan Am Flight 103
2466:The Firm magazine
2253:. 14 August 2011.
2103:on 22 August 2009
1899:. 11 October 2007
1715:on 22 August 2009
1688:on 24 August 2009
1578:. 1 February 2001
1468:on 22 August 2009
1412:Pan Am Flight 103
1243:William Taylor QC
1141:Afriqiyah Airways
883:life imprisonment
881:was sentenced to
755:Mohammed Abu Talb
735:Abdul Majid Giaka
659:at their base at
488:
487:
480:
253:Presiding Judge:
223:Pan Am Flight 103
155:contempt of court
25:Pan Am Flight 103
4371:
4294:2001 in case law
4289:2000 in case law
4284:2001 in Scotland
4279:2000 in Scotland
4247:
4246:
4040:Fountain of Time
4030:British Invasion
4003:Cotton diplomacy
3965:Operation Bolero
3863:European theatre
3581:Murchison letter
3374:Nassau Agreement
3317:Quebec Agreement
3287:Atlantic Charter
3043:Diplomatic posts
3037:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2992:
2979:
2978:
2845:Head Money Cases
2771:Diplomatic posts
2765:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2720:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2580:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2468:. Archived from
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2384:on 18 July 2005.
2380:. Archived from
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2292:. 8 August 2011.
2282:
2276:
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2272:www.scotsman.com
2264:
2255:
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2218:
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2197:
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2178:
2172:
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2169:
2167:
2162:. 18 August 2009
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2132:. Archived from
2119:
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2110:
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2092:
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2083:
2081:
2069:
2063:
2062:
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2019:
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1978:
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1925:. 2 October 2007
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1499:
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1492:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1458:
1217:The Sunday Times
932:Lord Nimmo Smith
588:Heathrow Airport
576:primary suitcase
483:
476:
472:
469:
463:
432:
424:
364:, and advocates
345:The Sunday Times
330:representatives
324:Alan Turnbull QC
213:a breach of the
4379:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4236:
4165:Ariel programme
4045:The Ghost Shirt
3976:
3945:Eagle Squadrons
3750:UKUSA Agreement
3696:
3556:Passenger Cases
3519:Caroline affair
3495:
3435:
3240:Balfour Mission
3143:Treaty of Ghent
3114:
3038:
3031:
3021:
3019:
2989:
2984:
2968:
2922:
2886:
2833:
2807:
2766:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2717:
2712:
2708:Resolution 1192
2681:
2660:Muammar Gaddafi
2648:
2612:
2607:
2525:
2490:
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2012:
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1996:
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1968:
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1613:
1608:Wayback Machine
1595:
1591:
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1579:
1570:
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1565:
1555:
1553:
1552:on 16 July 2011
1544:
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1460:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1408:
1340:
1295:
1213:
1179:
1166:
1161:
1149:Muammar Gaddafi
1137:Glasgow Airport
1133:Greenock Prison
1129:Kenny MacAskill
1125:
1119:
1111:prostate cancer
1088:prostate cancer
1065:, FCO minister
1018:Lockerbie trial
999:Maggie Scott QC
987:
963:
891:
806:
762:Pierre Salinger
547:
484:
473:
467:
464:
449:
433:
422:
398:
358:
290:Five different
288:
261:Lord Coulsfield
255:Lord Sutherland
235:
210:to murder; and,
198:
163:
62:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3870:
3865:
3855:
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3853:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3821:
3819:Tizard Mission
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3769:
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3710:
3704:
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3698:
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3695:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3675:Steele dossier
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3655:Julian Assange
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3576:Alabama Claims
3573:
3571:Ellen Southard
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3544:Mosquito Coast
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3491:Pig War (1859)
3488:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3454:
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3441:
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3207:
3202:
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3175:
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3165:
3160:
3155:
3153:Treaty of 1818
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3105:Texas Legation
3102:
3097:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:Winfield House
3079:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3020:
3018:
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3010:
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2995:
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2973:
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2936:
2934:New Netherland
2930:
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2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
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2800:
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2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2723:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2703:Resolution 883
2700:
2698:Resolution 748
2695:
2693:Resolution 731
2689:
2687:
2686:UN Resolutions
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
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2614:
2613:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2535:28 August 2005
2524:
2523:External links
2521:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
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2369:
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2256:
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2192:
2173:
2147:
2129:Glasgow Herald
2114:
2087:
2064:
2042:
2020:
1994:
1973:
1962:
1936:
1910:
1884:
1868:
1838:
1816:
1794:
1770:
1748:
1726:
1699:
1668:
1637:
1626:. 15 June 2000
1611:
1589:
1576:news.bbc.co.uk
1563:
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1321:Radio National
1294:
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1250:
1237:
1236:
1212:
1209:
1178:
1175:
1165:
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1160:
1157:
1121:Main article:
1118:
1115:
1026:David Miliband
986:
983:
962:
959:
935:
934:
929:
926:Lord Macfadyen
923:
918:
913:
890:
887:
805:
802:
782:
781:
774:
773:
679:Ulrich Lumpert
657:special forces
592:
591:
574:the so-called
572:
565:
562:
546:
543:
538:
537:
533:
523:
516:
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502:
499:
486:
485:
436:
434:
427:
421:
418:
417:
416:
413:
410:
397:
394:
366:William Taylor
357:
354:
292:Lords Advocate
287:
284:
283:
282:
279:Lord Abernethy
271:
270:
264:
258:
234:
231:
219:
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159:
89:Nelson Mandela
61:
58:
56:
53:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4376:
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4203:Albion's Seed
4200:
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4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3993:Resolute desk
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3971:
3968:
3966:
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3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3883:Arnold Scheme
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3829:RNAD Coulport
3827:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3804:RNAD Coulport
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Project Emily
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3763:
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3699:
3693:
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3641:
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3628:
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3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3539:Paulet affair
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Aroostook War
3484:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3453:
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3409:
3405:
3402:
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3400:
3397:
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3380:
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3375:
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3327:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
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3313:
3310:
3308:
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3300:
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3258:
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3228:
3226:
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3208:
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3201:
3198:
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3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3163:Oregon Treaty
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
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2829:FLUX Alliance
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2629:Investigation
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1951:. 27 May 2008
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1857:on 3 May 2011
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951:life sentence
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916:Lord Kirkwood
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513:Edwin Bollier
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437:This section
435:
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395:
393:
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386:Murdo Macleod
383:
382:Jack Davidson
379:
375:
371:
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363:
362:Alistair Duff
355:
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332:Brian Murtagh
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237:The Scottish
232:
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229:in Scotland.
228:
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212:
209:
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203:
202:
201:
195:
193:
191:
186:
182:
180:
176:
175:Edwin Bollier
172:
168:
165:Two Libyans,
160:
158:
156:
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:in a disused
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
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106:
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98:
94:
90:
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75:
71:
66:
59:
54:
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50:
46:
42:
38:
35:set up under
34:
30:
26:
22:
4242:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4160:TGN Atlantic
3950:Europe first
3858:World War II
3841:War Plan Red
3728:Diego Garcia
3617:
3561:Trent Affair
2974:
2869:
2638:
2533:The Scotsman
2474:. Retrieved
2470:the original
2465:
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2434:
2422:. Retrieved
2412:
2400:. Retrieved
2390:
2382:the original
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2356:
2346:
2334:. Retrieved
2330:
2320:
2308:. Retrieved
2298:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2223:
2211:. Retrieved
2209:. 6 May 2014
2204:
2195:
2186:
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2159:
2150:
2138:. Retrieved
2134:the original
2127:
2117:
2105:. Retrieved
2101:the original
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2067:
2055:. Retrieved
2045:
2033:. Retrieved
2023:
2013:18 September
2011:. Retrieved
2007:BBC Scotland
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1976:
1965:
1953:. Retrieved
1948:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1922:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1896:
1887:
1877:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1855:the original
1850:
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1729:
1717:. Retrieved
1713:the original
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1686:the original
1681:
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1655:the original
1651:The Observer
1650:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1623:
1614:
1600:
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1575:
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1550:the original
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1518:
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1482:
1470:. Retrieved
1466:the original
1456:
1365:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1313:
1311:
1299:Hans Köchler
1296:
1286:
1274:Robert Black
1272:
1268:
1252:
1241:
1238:
1230:
1225:
1215:
1214:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1183:Robert Black
1180:
1171:
1167:
1153:
1126:
1108:
1104:
1083:Crown Office
1080:
1076:
1071:Hans Köchler
1063:BBC Scotland
1059:
1055:
1051:
1031:
1022:Hans Köchler
1011:
988:
978:
964:
947:
943:
936:
921:Lord Osborne
892:
877:
854:
841:
837:
834:
830:
807:
799:
796:
792:
789:
783:
775:
759:
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732:
724:
720:
705:
701:Hans Köchler
683:
676:
669:
650:
635:
629:
623:
604:
597:
593:
580:Luqa Airport
575:
550:
548:
539:
507:
489:
474:
468:January 2012
465:
450:Please help
438:
406:
399:
390:Kamel Maghur
378:Richard Keen
374:John Beckett
359:
343:
340:
316:Crown Office
289:
272:
267:Lord MacLean
236:
220:
199:
183:
164:
128:, a special
86:
78:
55:Trial set-up
43:base called
20:
18:
3846:World War I
3534:Creole case
3464:War of 1812
2617:Main topics
2420:. I-p-o.org
2080:31 December
1987:2 September
1307:Rule of law
1293:UN observer
1287:prima facie
1254:Tam Dalyell
1067:Kim Howells
907:Lord Cullen
766:witness box
609:agents and
370:David Burns
308:Lord Hardie
286:Prosecution
190:Netherlands
110:Netherlands
103:(CHOGM) in
29:bench trial
4263:Categories
3282:Lend-Lease
3133:Jay Treaty
2206:BBC Online
2140:15 January
1682:The Herald
1449:References
1338:Statistics
1303:Kofi Annan
1297:Professor
1226:inter alia
1181:Professor
1096:Hugh Miles
975:Al Jazeera
861:not guilty
822:not proven
816:, a third
814:not guilty
728:barometric
712:Tony Gauci
526:Tony Gauci
407:conspiracy
350:Tony Gauci
336:Dana Biehl
208:conspiracy
122:Robin Cook
97:Tony Blair
93:John Major
45:Camp Zeist
4182:Yo, Blair
4155:TAT-12/13
4055:USA House
3789:Project E
3740:Five Eyes
3501:Incidents
3440:Conflicts
3120:Diplomacy
2838:Incidents
2812:Diplomacy
2624:Lockerbie
2362:10 August
2357:The Times
2331:The Times
2107:7 January
1955:3 January
1929:3 January
1903:3 January
1861:19 August
1707:S.Aoude.
1601:The Times
1325:Jim Swire
1278:Scots Law
1265:declared.
1092:Jim Swire
995:Edinburgh
826:Scots Law
708:the Crown
688:before a
686:affidavit
648:in 1984.
498:to Libya;
439:does not
227:Lockerbie
134:Scots law
105:Edinburgh
37:Scots law
3762:Iraq War
2336:9 August
2233:BBC News
2160:BBC News
1949:BBC News
1923:BBC News
1897:BBC News
1624:BBC News
1604:Archived
1406:See also
1366:exhibits
1332:The Firm
846:and the
785:Abu Talb
697:PC-board
530:Abu Talb
72:at Camp
4175:Ariel 2
4170:Ariel 1
3981:Related
3824:Trident
3745:ECHELON
3529:Hermosa
3469:Origins
2927:Related
2670:release
2488:Sources
1280:at the
1185:of the
955:Glasgow
879:Megrahi
844:PFLP-GC
818:verdict
747:Megrahi
716:Megrahi
638:Mebo AG
615:Senegal
496:Mebo AG
460:removed
445:sources
384:QC and
372:QC and
356:Defence
204:murder;
196:Charges
161:Accused
142:Utrecht
116:of the
82:impasse
49:Utrecht
4150:TAT-11
4130:PTAT-1
3601:Impact
2959:SMPR-1
2653:People
2476:5 June
2446:5 June
2424:5 June
2402:5 June
2310:5 June
2213:10 May
2166:21 May
2057:5 June
2035:5 June
1831:5 June
1809:5 June
1787:5 June
1763:5 June
1741:5 June
1719:5 June
1692:5 June
1661:5 June
1630:21 May
1556:5 June
1530:5 June
1496:5 June
1472:5 June
873:guilty
810:guilty
693:notary
690:ZĂĽrich
561:(IED);
273:with:
233:Judges
146:treaty
124:. The
4364:Zeist
4145:TAT-8
4140:TAT-7
4135:TAT-3
3713:AUKUS
3618:Trial
2870:Trial
2639:Trial
1782:(PDF)
1582:7 May
1491:(PDF)
1159:Views
865:Libya
739:Giaka
672:Stasi
661:Sabha
646:Syria
185:Libya
150:trial
60:Venue
47:near
4120:AC-2
2824:DAFT
2478:2010
2448:2010
2426:2010
2404:2010
2364:2011
2338:2011
2312:2010
2215:2014
2168:2010
2142:2009
2109:2009
2082:2008
2059:2010
2037:2010
2015:2008
1989:2008
1957:2010
1931:2010
1905:2010
1863:2009
1833:2010
1811:2010
1789:2010
1765:2010
1743:2010
1721:2010
1694:2010
1663:2010
1632:2010
1584:2017
1558:2010
1532:2010
1498:2010
1474:2010
1007:Mebo
965:The
848:PPSF
812:and
626:DERA
619:Togo
617:and
569:Mebo
443:any
441:cite
420:Case
380:QC,
368:QC,
322:and
310:and
179:Mebo
169:and
68:The
19:The
1318:ABC
1014:FCO
1003:CIA
939:BBC
928:and
820:of
607:CIA
454:by
241:at
4265::
2531:,
2464:.
2355:.
2329:.
2288:.
2270:.
2259:^
2249:.
2231:.
2203:.
2185:.
2158:.
2126:.
2005:.
1947:.
1921:.
1895:.
1849:.
1680:.
1649:.
1622:.
1599:.
1574:.
1113:.
1102:.
1020:,
957:.
909:,
902::
859:,
640:,
621:.
392:.
352:.
338:.
302:,
298:,
192:.
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3000:v
2742:e
2735:t
2728:v
2602:e
2595:t
2588:v
2480:.
2450:.
2428:.
2406:.
2366:.
2340:.
2314:.
2274:.
2217:.
2189:.
2170:.
2144:.
2111:.
2084:.
2061:.
2039:.
2017:.
1991:.
1959:.
1933:.
1907:.
1865:.
1835:.
1813:.
1791:.
1767:.
1745:.
1723:.
1696:.
1665:.
1634:.
1586:.
1560:.
1534:.
1500:.
1476:.
481:)
475:(
470:)
466:(
462:.
448:.
281:.
269:;
263:;
257:;
217:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
