185:
38:
322:'s Blair & Co.. The transaction was to be the subject of a stockholder action in 1933, alleging that there had been a conspiracy by the bankers, who were represented on the Pan American board, to make excessive profits. In 1926 Venezuelan Eastern Petroleum Corporation was organized as a subsidiary of Pan American Eastern with the purpose of buying and developing Venezuelan oil properties.
176:, Mexico. When the well struck it shot a stream of oil 598 feet (182 m) into the air. It became world's largest, pumping 260,000 barrels per day. Over the next fourteen years the well produced over 57 million barrels. The Mexican Petroleum Company eventually acquired ownership or leasehold rights to 1,500,000 acres (610,000 ha) of land.
168:, and formed the Huasteca Petroleum company to hold them. In 1910 his wells in the Juan Casiano Basin in the Faja de Oro field started to produce good quality oil. The gusher at Casiano number 7 spewed out 60,000 barrels a day, and by 1918 had delivered over 85 million barrels of oil. In 1911 Doheny signed a contract to supply
377:
was heard by the
Supreme Court to determine whether the directors of Pan American had been in breach of their fiduciary duty. The directors were all officers of directors of Standard Oil of Indiana, which held almost 80% of Pan American's shares, and it was charged that they had deprived Pan American
345:
each 23.75% of any oil that was produced by the
Turkish Petroleum Company. The Near East Development Corporation (NEDC) represented American interests and included Jersey Standard Oil, Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, Gulf Oil, the Pan-American Petroleum and Transport Company, and Atlantic Refining. The
274:
On 24 January 1924 Doheny testified before the U.S. Senate
Committee on Public Lands and Surveys, and admitted that he had loaned Fall $ 100,000 in cash with no security some months before the oilfield leasing arrangement was made. Doheny said the loan was a personal one. Pan American had been the
219:
in
Colombia. They sold 75% of their interest to the Colombian Petroleum Company the next year, a subsidiary of Pan American. Doheny was also interested in plans to develop the oil industry in Venezuela, and in building a pipeline from Colombia to Venezuela to make it more economical to export the
207:
drove up demand for oil-fueled transport, and Doheny responded by expanding pumps, tanks and loading sites in
Tampico. By July 1917 Pan American had a fleet of 31 tankers. The company paid $ 1.1 million in dividends in 1917 and $ 3.1 million in dividends on its common stock in 1918. 1918 revenues
279:, and had offered to undertake this contract in exchange for the oilfield lease, being paid in oil and then paying royalties to the government for oil extracted in excess of costs. Eventually the Supreme Court nullified both leases. It was not until 1930 that Doheny was cleared of all charges.
306:
On 1 April 1925 the
California assets of Pan American Petroleum and Transport were transferred to a new holding company, the Pan American Western Petroleum Company, in which Doheny retained control. He sold a majority of shares in the remainder of the Venezuelan facilities of the Pan American
361:
for about $ 100 million. With this acquisition, Standard Oil of New Jersey became Mexico's largest oil producer. The deal also included large oil concessions in
Venezuela and Pan-American's UK subsidiary Cleveland Petroleum Products. However, a few years later the Mexican properties were
145:, where he sank a mine and found oil at the corner of Patton Street and West State Street. This began an oil boom in Los Angeles. Doheny overextended himself and his company went bankrupt in August 1896. The setback was temporary, and a long-term contract with the
240:
113:, and from the subsequent growth in use of automobiles. For several years Pan American was the largest American oil company, with holdings in the United States, Mexico, Colombia and Venezuela. In 1924 Pan American was involved in the
266:
was leased to
Sinclair Consolidated Oil Corporation. Both oilfields were part of the US Navy's petroleum reserves. Neither lease was subject to competitive bidding. In 1924 rumors about corruption in the deals escalated into the
378:
of profitable opportunities to drill and refine oil. The majority finding, setting an important precedent, was that it should be assumed that they had acted in good faith and without personal gains to themselves.
298:, a competitor, for its supplies. At the end of 1923 Pan American had a net worth of $ 173 million, with net earnings that year of over $ 20 million. The company paid dividends of $ 20.4 million that year.
1431:
1426:
325:
The
Turkish Petroleum Company discovered a large oil field in Iraq in 1928. France, the United Kingdom, and the United States were each worried about being edged out by the other two. The
1421:
236:. Automobile production was booming and oil prices were high. The Mexican Petroleum Company was the largest in Mexico, and Mexico was the largest oil producer in the world.
258:, U.S. Secretary of the Interior, leased the oil field at Elk Hills, California, to the Pan American Petroleum & Transport Company. Around the same time, the
342:
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146:
184:
311:. This included the Mexican holdings, Atlantic and Gulf Coasts holdings in the United States, refineries, pipelines and 31 tankers.
1305:
149:
gave him the opportunity to develop and expand a growing number of oil properties. In 1900 he visited Mexico with his associate
233:
195:
The Pan
American Petroleum and Transport Company was incorporated by Doheny in Delaware in 1916 as the holding company for his
971:
308:
350:, who had previously owned shares within TPC. Pan American sold out its shares in NEDC to Jersey Standard and Socony (later
1049:
307:
Petroleum and Transport Company and his Mexican Petroleum Company to Pan American Eastern Petroleum, a new subsidiary of
330:
1156:
1024:
The Politics of Property Rights: Political Instability, Credible Commitments, and Economic Growth in Mexico, 1876-1929
160:
Doheny found heavy oil in El Ebano in 1901, which he exported to the United States for use in paving. He formed the
37:
358:
315:
295:
122:
334:
196:
161:
17:
420:
A photo by Walker Evans in Let Us Now Praise Famous Men of a post office in Sprott, AL shows a Pan-Am pump.
294:
to Pan American in exchange for a guaranteed supply of oil. Before this deal, American Oil had depended on
172:. Doheny's Mexican Petroleum Company made a major strike in February 1916 with the Cerro Azul No. 4 well in
118:
366:
expropriated all foreign oil concessions on 18 March 1938 and placed them under the government-controlled
363:
291:
221:
216:
212:
173:
413:
347:
268:
154:
150:
114:
1279:
1254:
India, GCC, and the Global Energy Regime: Exploring Interdependence and Outlook for Collaboration
326:
997:
992:
Understanding The Great Gatsby: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents
153:
and Almon Porter Maginnis of the Santa Fe railroad, saw the oil potential of the country near
125:
in 1932. What was left of Pan American was merged with Standard Oil of Indiana in 1954 to form
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913:
338:
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1171:
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109:
after he had made a huge oil strike in Mexico. Pan American profited from fuel demand during
1382:
The Crash and Its Aftermath: A History of Securities Markets in the United States, 1929-1933
319:
243:
165:
137:
Edward L. Doheny was a prospector who became wealthy in the 1880s from silver mines in the
106:
67:
1054:
287:
283:
1309:
990:
404:
381:
In 1954 Pan American merged with Standard of Indiana to form the American Oil Company,
255:
247:
225:
1131:
The Tyranny of Oil: The World's Most Powerful Industry--and What We Must Do to Stop It
1415:
1380:
968:
Dark Side of Fortune: Triumph and Scandal in the Life of Oil Tycoon Edward L. Doheny
407:
published in 1927 is loosely based on Doheney's life and the story of Pan American.
1059:
276:
239:
169:
164:
and funded it with $ 6 million of his own money. In 1905 he bought properties near
228:. In 1921 Pan American was the largest oil company in the United States, ahead of
259:
204:
142:
138:
110:
275:
lowest bidder for a contract to build and fill crude oil storage facilities at
188:
121:
obtained a majority stake in 1925. The company sold its foreign properties to
1200:
Legalist Reformation: Law, Politics, and Ideology in New York, 1920-1980
263:
756:
754:
117:
over irregularities in the award of a U.S. government oil concession.
1308:. U.S. Department of State - Office of the Historian. Archived from
105:(PAT) was an oil company founded in 1916 by the American oil tycoon
1077:
Empire And Revolution: The Americans in Mexico Since the Civil War
382:
367:
351:
200:
126:
1173:
Juan Vicente GĂłmez and the Oil Companies in Venezuela, 1908-1935
399:
501:
499:
386:
375:
Blaustein v. Pan American Petroleum & Oil Transport Co.
208:
were $ 17 million and net profits were almost $ 7 million.
1021:
Haber, Stephen; Maurer, Noel; Razo, Armando (2003-05-26).
314:
At the end of 1925 Pan American Western gained control of
1432:
Non-renewable resource companies disestablished in 1954
879:
877:
760:
1104:
North American Free Trade: Issues and Recommendations
1427:
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1916
357:
In 1932 Pan American sold its foreign properties to
346:
remaining 5% share went to an Armenian businessman,
141:of New Mexico. In 1892 he moved with his family to
91:
81:
73:
63:
55:
47:
1379:
989:
1101:Hufbauer, Gary Clyde; Schott, Jeffrey J. (1992).
1281:The Cravath Firm And Its Predecessors: 1819-1947
1050:"A Corporate History Rooted Deeply in Baltimore"
1354:Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry
1080:. University of California Press. p. 156.
796:
541:
832:
411:was in turn the inspiration for the 2007 film
18:Pan American Petroleum & Transport Company
1157:"There Will Be Blood by Paul Thomas Anderson"
988:Gross, Dalton; Gross, MaryJean (1998-01-01).
8:
915:The History of the British Petroleum Company
370:, paying compensation to the former owners.
103:Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company
31:Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company
30:
215:, a concern owned by Americans, bought the
1422:Defunct oil companies of the United States
1284:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 433.
820:
649:
637:
625:
613:
505:
36:
29:
942:The Doheny Mansion: A Biography of a Home
565:
673:
238:
183:
868:
808:
784:
772:
435:
1386:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
996:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
883:
856:
844:
745:
733:
721:
577:
490:
478:
466:
454:
442:
709:
697:
685:
661:
601:
589:
553:
529:
230:Sinclair Consolidated Oil Corporation
147:Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
7:
1327:The A to Z of the Petroleum Industry
1257:. Academic Foundation. p. 375.
895:
517:
1107:. Peterson Institute. p. 82.
25:
1378:Wigmore, Barrie A. (1985-01-01).
1197:Nelson, William E. (2003-01-14).
331:Near East Development Corporation
1357:. Scarecrow Press. p. 160.
1203:. Univ of North Carolina Press.
385:. Amoco was in turn acquired by
343:Compagnie Française des Pétroles
1324:Vassiliou, M. S. (2009-09-24).
1074:Hart, John Mason (2006-01-01).
1048:Hamilton, Martha (1999-02-01).
966:Davis, Margaret Leslie (1998),
939:Bonino, Mary Ann (2008-01-01).
234:Standard Oil Company of Indiana
203:and California oil properties.
87:United States, Mexico, Colombia
1251:Pradhan, Samir Ranjan (2008).
1176:. Cambridge University Press.
1128:Juhasz, Antonia (2009-10-06).
1027:. Cambridge University Press.
972:University of California Press
945:. MaryAnn Bonino. p. 15.
918:. Cambridge University Press.
290:sold a half interest in their
157:and began acquiring property.
51:Oil exploration and production
1:
1306:"The 1928 Red Line Agreement"
1224:Penrose, Edith (2013-05-20).
912:Bamberg, J. H. (1994-02-25).
797:Haber, Maurer & Razo 2003
542:Haber, Maurer & Razo 2003
42:One of the gas station logos.
1227:The Large International Firm
1170:McBeth, B. S. (2002-04-04).
761:The 1928 Red Line Agreement
1448:
1351:Vassiliou, M. S. (2009b).
1278:Swaine, Robert T. (1946).
833:Hufbauer & Schott 1992
359:Standard Oil of New Jersey
316:Lago Petroleum Corporation
296:Standard Oil of New Jersey
201:Huasteca Petroleum Company
123:Standard Oil of New Jersey
1230:. Routledge. p. 94.
373:In the 1940s the case of
335:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
197:Mexican Petroleum Company
162:Mexican Petroleum Company
35:
362:nationalized. President
309:Standard Oil of Indiana
224:from the west coast of
191:used by Pan-Ame tankers
119:Standard Oil of Indiana
1155:Levy, Emanuel (2007).
650:Gross & Gross 1998
638:Gross & Gross 1998
626:Gross & Gross 1998
614:Gross & Gross 1998
251:
246:poses with his lawyer
192:
242:
187:
811:, pp. 119, 547.
292:American Oil Company
222:Barco oil production
217:Barco oil concession
174:Cerro Azul, Veracruz
27:American oil company
1330:. Scarecrow Press.
414:There Will Be Blood
348:Calouste Gulbenkian
269:Teapot Dome scandal
155:Tampico, Tamaulipas
151:Charles A. Canfield
115:Teapot Dome scandal
32:
799:, p. 216-217.
532:, p. 107-109.
393:In popular culture
327:Red Line Agreement
252:
250:in this 1924 photo
193:
1397:978-0-313-24574-9
1364:978-0-8108-6288-3
1337:978-0-8108-7066-6
1291:978-1-58477-713-7
1264:978-81-7188-633-3
1237:978-1-135-12331-4
1210:978-0-8078-7556-8
1183:978-0-521-89218-6
1141:978-0-06-198201-9
1134:. HarperCollins.
1114:978-0-88132-120-3
1087:978-0-520-93929-5
1034:978-0-521-82067-7
1007:978-0-313-30097-4
981:978-0-520-22909-9
952:978-0-9816422-0-8
925:978-0-521-25950-7
339:Royal Dutch Shell
260:Teapot Dome Field
99:
98:
16:(Redirected from
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1058:. Archived from
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488:
482:
481:, p. 23-24.
476:
470:
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452:
446:
440:
320:C. Ledyard Blair
302:Amoco subsidiary
244:Edward L. Doheny
166:Tuxpan, Veracruz
107:Edward L. Doheny
68:Edward L. Doheny
40:
33:
21:
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1055:Washington Post
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851:
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831:
827:
821:Vassiliou 2009b
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506:Vassiliou 2009b
504:
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477:
473:
465:
461:
453:
449:
441:
437:
428:
395:
364:Lázaro Cárdenas
304:
288:Jacob Blaustein
284:Louis Blaustein
213:Carib Syndicate
182:
135:
84:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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963:
951:
936:
924:
908:
901:
900:
888:
873:
871:, p. 375.
861:
859:, p. 180.
849:
847:, p. 179.
837:
825:
823:, p. 187.
813:
801:
789:
787:, p. 363.
777:
765:
750:
748:, p. 434.
738:
736:, p. 677.
726:
724:, p. 433.
714:
712:, p. 186.
702:
700:, p. 164.
690:
688:, p. 163.
678:
666:
664:, p. 262.
654:
642:
630:
618:
606:
604:, p. 141.
594:
592:, p. 128.
582:
570:
568:, p. 139.
566:Vassiliou 2009
558:
556:, p. 116.
546:
544:, p. 194.
534:
522:
520:, p. 156.
510:
508:, p. 160.
495:
483:
471:
459:
447:
434:
427:
424:
405:Upton Sinclair
394:
391:
303:
300:
256:Albert B. Fall
248:Frank J. Hogan
226:Lake Maracaibo
181:
178:
134:
131:
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1383:
1376:
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1355:
1349:
1339:
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1329:
1328:
1322:
1312:on 2012-07-29
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1089:
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1062:on 2010-12-01
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886:, p. 65.
885:
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862:
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846:
841:
838:
835:, p. 82.
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790:
786:
781:
778:
775:, p. 94.
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727:
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699:
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687:
682:
679:
675:
674:Hamilton 1999
670:
667:
663:
658:
655:
652:, p. 81.
651:
646:
643:
640:, p. 84.
639:
634:
631:
628:, p. 79.
627:
622:
619:
615:
610:
607:
603:
598:
595:
591:
586:
583:
580:, p. 95.
579:
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550:
547:
543:
538:
535:
531:
526:
523:
519:
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496:
493:, p. 26.
492:
487:
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480:
475:
472:
469:, p. 21.
468:
463:
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457:, p. 20.
456:
451:
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857:Nelson 2003
845:Nelson 2003
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734:Swaine 1946
722:Swaine 1946
578:McBeth 2002
491:Bonino 2008
479:Bonino 2008
467:Bonino 2008
455:Bonino 2008
443:Bonino 2008
354:) in 1930.
205:World War I
143:Los Angeles
139:Black Range
111:World War I
83:Area served
1416:Categories
1403:2013-07-26
1370:2013-07-25
1343:2013-07-24
1316:2013-07-25
1297:2013-07-25
1270:2013-07-25
1243:2013-07-25
1216:2013-07-25
1189:2013-07-24
1162:2013-07-25
1147:2013-07-25
1120:2013-07-25
1093:2013-07-26
1066:2010-06-02
1040:2013-07-25
1013:2013-07-25
958:2013-07-26
931:2013-07-25
710:Davis 1998
698:Davis 1998
686:Davis 1998
662:Davis 1998
602:Davis 1998
590:Davis 1998
554:Davis 1998
530:Davis 1998
426:References
397:The novel
341:, and the
189:House flag
896:Levy 2007
518:Hart 2006
431:Citations
389:in 1998.
329:gave the
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232:and the
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133:Origins
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64:Founder
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