210:
1431:
698:
295:
1245:
1319:
307:
549:
342:
530:
203:(inside motion). Tanks that ran the full length of the boiler provided greater water capacity and, in this case, cut-outs in the rectangular tank gave access to the valve gear. Longer side tanks were sometimes tapered downwards at the front to improve forward visibility. Side tanks almost all stopped at, or before, the end of the boiler barrel, with the smokebox protruding ahead. A few designs did reach to the front of the smokebox and these were termed 'flatirons'.
1380:: Most tank locomotives are capable of running at full speed in either direction (although this depends on the wheel arrangement; for example, a 2-6-0T will not be able to run as fast in reverse, due to lack of a trailing truck). Most tender locomotives are unable to do this, because the heavy tender is not designed to be pushed and may become unstable at higher speeds. Tender locomotives generally require turning facilities, such as a
644:
466:
415:
222:
279:
1341:
734:
108:
1108:
612:
1148:
38:
1279:
and brake shoes was also required – this either took the form of scraper bars fitted to the leading edge of the wheels or wheel washer jets supplied from the water tank. To handle long trains of loose-coupled (and often un-sprung) wagons, contractor's locomotives usually had very effective steam-powered brakes. Most lacked a full cab, often only having a front '
1217:
769:
571:
371:
326:
1448:: A tender can typically contain far more of both than is available on a tank locomotive. This restricts the range of tank locomotives between fueling and watering points. This is one reason why tank engines were more popular in Europe and the UK than in America or other places, because the distances were shorter between refueling stations and water towers.
1191:
1120:
587:
1296:
1267:
usually saddle or well tank types (see above) but required several adaptations to make them suitable for their task. They were built to be as light as possible so they could run over the lightly built temporary rails and had deeply flanged wheels so they did not de-rail on the tracks which were often very uneven.
1388:, at each end of the run. A tank locomotive, on the other hand, can simply run around the train (provided there is a siding) and pull it back in the other direction. The crew of a tank engine generally have a better view in the reverse direction than for a tender engine and are protected from the weather.
759:
Where a tender was used with a narrow-gauge locomotive it usually carried only fuel, with water carried in the locomotive's tanks. The tender offered greater fuel capacity than a bunker on the locomotive and often the water capacity could be increased by converting redundant bunker space into a water
267:
Water in the tank is slightly pre-heated by the boiler, which reduces the loss of pressure found when cold feedwater is injected into the boiler. However, if the water becomes too hot, injectors lose efficiency and can fail. For this reason, the tanks often stopped short of the hotter and uninsulated
598:
In this design, the tank is placed behind the cab, usually over a supporting bogie. This removes the weight of the water from the driving wheels, giving the locomotive a constant tractive weight. The disadvantage is a reduction in water carrying capacity. A rear tank is an essential component of the
1278:
or spoil heaps. Many were designed so that large iron ballast blocks could be fitted to the frames when extra weight and traction was required, then removed when it was not. Most had sanding gear fitted to all wheels for maximum traction. Some method of keeping mud and dust from clogging the wheels
1227:
During the 1930s there was a trend for express passenger locomotives to be streamlined by enclosed bodyshells. Express locomotives were nearly all tender locomotives, but a few fast tank engines were also streamlined, for use on high-speed, but shorter, services where turn-around time was important
508:
In this design, used in earlier and smaller locomotives, the water is stored in a 'well' on the underside of the locomotive, generally between the locomotive's frames. This arrangement was patented by S.D. Davison in 1852. This does not restrict access to the boiler, but space is limited there, and
1497:
Worldwide, tank engines varied in popularity. They were more common in areas where the length of run was short, and a quick turn around time was needed or turning facilities were not available, mostly in Europe. With their limited fuel and water capacity, they were not favoured in areas where long
1181:
is mounted on the centre frame without wheels, and two sets of driving wheels (4 cylinders total) carrying fuel bunkers and water tanks are mounted on separate frames, one on each end of the boiler. Articulation is used so larger locomotives can go around curves which would otherwise restrict the
1266:
firms engaged in the building of railways. The locomotives would be used for hauling men, equipment and building materials over temporary railway networks built at the worksite that were frequently re-laid or taken up and moved elsewhere as building work progressed. Contractor's locomotives were
78:
There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for
793:
Because tank locomotives are capable of running equally fast in both directions (see below) they usually have symmetrical wheel arrangements to ensure the same ride and stability characteristics regardless of the direction travelled, producing arrangements with only driving wheels (e.g.
780:
Large side tank engines might also have an additional rear tank (under the coal bunker), or a well tank (between the frames). This may have been to increase the water capacity, to equalise the weight distribution, or else improve the stability by lowering the
402:. There were difficulties in accommodating the flat top of the latter within an encircling saddle tank which cut down capacity and increased the tendency to overheat the water in the tank. Pannier tank locomotives are often seen as an icon of the GWR.
712:
The inverted saddle tank was a variation of the Wing Tank where the two tanks were joined underneath the smokebox and supported it. This rare design was used for the same reasons as the wing tank but provided slightly greater water capacity. The
248:
Saddle tanks were a popular arrangement especially for smaller locomotives in industrial use. It gave a greater water supply, but limited the size of the boiler and restricted access to it for cleaning. Furthermore, the locomotive has a higher
1422:: Many train tanks are designed to be in contact with, and be heated by, the boiler. Pre-heated water will reach boiling point faster than the colder water available from a tender. On the other hand, excessively hot water can interfere with
353:
Pannier tanks are box-shaped tanks carried on the sides of the boiler, not carried on the locomotive's running plates. This leaves a space between the tanks and the running plate. Pannier tanks have a lower centre of gravity than a
1092:
is used). There are two main positions for bunkers on tank locomotives: to the rear of the cab (as illustrated in the left of the images below), a position typically used on locomotives with a trailing carrying axle or a trailing
1283:'. If a cab was provided it was usually removable along with the chimney, and sometimes the dome, so that the locomotive could be loaded onto a flatbed wagon for transport to new locations by rail whilst remaining within the
755:
railways where the small size of the locomotive restricts the space available for fuel and water. These combined both fuel and water in a proportion (where coal was used) of 1 pound of coal for every 6 pounds of water..
209:
1182:
size of rigid framed locomotives. One of the major advantages of the
Garratt form of articulation is the maintenance of the locomotive's centre-of-gravity over or inside the track centre-line when rounding curves.
548:
294:
306:
1501:
They were very common in the United
Kingdom, France, and Germany. In the United Kingdom, they were frequently used for shunting and piloting duties, suburban passenger services and local freight. The
674:
Wing tanks are side tanks that run the length of the smokebox, instead of the full length of the boiler. In the early 19th century the term "wing tank" was sometimes used as a synonym for side tank.
1458:
of the locomotive decreases, which in turn reduces the train weight the locomotive can pull. Locomotives with low water supplies also typically ride less well as there is less weight on the springs.
196:, extending all or part of the boiler's length. The tank sides extend down to the running platform, if such is present, for at least part of their length. This was a common configuration in the UK.
145:
in 1848. In spite of the early belief that such locomotives were inherently unsafe, the idea quickly caught on, particularly for industrial use and five manufacturers exhibited designs at
1406:, and other loading limits, the more weight on the driving wheels the better. In a tank locomotive the weight of its own fuel and water increase the available tractive weight.
1310:
to avoid road debris causing a derailment. Some tram engines were fitted with a roof and enclosed sides, giving them an appearance more like a goods wagon than a locomotive.
241:
sits atop a horse. Usually, the tank is curved in cross-section, although in some cases there were straight sides surmounted by a curve (like an inverted 'U'), or even an
509:
the design is therefore not suitable for locomotives that need a good usable range before refilling. The arrangement does, however, have the advantage of creating a low
1430:
1488:
of the railway being run on. Above a certain diameter of boiler there is little or no room for water tanks to be added and still fit within the loading gauge.
1332:
Railway locomotives with vertical boilers universally were tank locomotives. They were small, cheaper-to-operate machines mostly used in industrial settings.
221:
1412:: A tank locomotive is shorter than the equivalent tender locomotive. This is important in environments with limited space for locomotives, such as the
449:, pannier tanks were in use at least since 1866, once again in conjunction with Belpaire firebox. Locomotives were built for the Belgian State and for
2331:
278:
1152:
142:
2399:
2372:
2252:
2191:
2139:
2098:
2005:
1945:
1920:
1878:
1718:
1674:
681:
industrial locomotives that could be frequently re-filled with water and where side or saddle tanks would restrict access to valve gear. The
358:, whilst still giving the same easy access to the valve gear. Pannier tanks are so-named because the tanks are in a similar position to the
697:
1244:
1303:
Steam tram engines, which were built, or modified, to work on a street, or roadside, tramway were almost universally also tank engines.
1734:
1478:: For larger tank locomotives, it is hard to put much fuel and water aboard without requiring more axles than a rigid frame can handle.
375:
2227:
Tramways, Their
Construction and Working, Embracing a Comprehensive History of the System, Accounts of the Various Modes of Traction
2164:
591:
330:
2058:
The Model
Locomotive: Its Design and Construction; a Practical Manual on the Building and Management of Miniature Railway Engines
529:
705:
2426:
575:
1318:
1819:
Hawkins' Mechanical
Dictionary: A Cyclopedia of Words, Terms, Phrases and Data Used in the Mechanic Arts, Trades and Sciences
1101:
overhangs the rear driving axle, as this counterbalances the overhanging weight of the firebox, stabilising the locomotive.
1758:
838:). However other requirements, such as the need to support a large bunker, would require a non-symmetrical layout such as
1208:
for working in railway workshops or other industrial environments. The crane may be fitted at the front, centre or rear.
31:
1544:
1275:
253:
and hence must operate at lower speeds. The driver's vision may also be restricted, again restricting the safe speed.
154:
1997:
264:
instead. A few
American locomotives used saddle tanks that only covered the boiler barrel, forward of the firebox.
2421:
1527:
were designed for. In
Germany, too, large tank locomotives were built. In the United States they were used for
150:
245:
shape (a concave arc flowing into a convex arc). Walter
Nielson patented the saddle tank arrangement in 1849.
1270:
At the same time, they had to be very powerful with good traction as they would often have to haul trains of
1513:" class), used for many things including very heavy trains on the Welsh valley coal mining lines that the
1174:
1098:
313:
130:
1502:
1437:
locomotives were fitted with well tanks and part of the side tanks were blanked off to improve stability
1199:
391:
162:
398:
were converted from saddle tank locomotives when these were being rebuilt in the early 1900s with the
1521:
1381:
1280:
843:
832:
821:
810:
799:
678:
519:
316:
169:
and industrial roles, particularly those involving shorter journeys or frequent changes in direction.
146:
116:
177:
There are a number of types of tank locomotive, based on the location and style of the water tanks.
94:
compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
1107:
261:
166:
138:
84:
2292:
1780:
341:
2029:
1464:: Water surging inside large side tanks can cause the locomotive to become unstable and prone to
1399:
1263:
1170:
1164:
737:
2308:
1306:
Tram engines had their wheels and motion enclosed to avoid accidents in traffic. They often had
41:
1119:
1097:; or on top of and to one side of the firebox, a positioning typically used in cases where the
721:
is believed to have had an inverted saddle tank. The inverted saddle tank was a speciality of
2395:
2389:
2368:
2269:
2248:
2187:
2181:
2160:
2135:
2094:
2001:
1977:
1941:
1916:
1874:
1868:
1834:
1817:
1798:
1714:
1670:
1664:
1628:
1469:
1434:
1260:
1057:
872:
782:
600:
510:
250:
193:
2225:
2208:
2114:
2056:
1910:
1708:
1691:
1647:
1738:
1233:
1228:
and the tank engine's independence from turntables was useful. Examples included the German
1221:
1136:
399:
257:
52:
2041:
1751:
1532:
1528:
1455:
1327:
1205:
558:
80:
689:
has been described, by various sources, as both a wing tank and an inverted saddle tank.
158:
111:
Drawing of the
Novelty showing the large well tank between the wheels and below the frame
1514:
1510:
1423:
1395:
1385:
1253:
864:
858:
773:
555:
387:
346:
260:
does not fit easily beneath a saddle tank, and so most saddle tanks retained the older
17:
643:
465:
414:
2415:
1485:
1284:
1271:
1259:
The contractor's locomotive was a small tank locomotive specially adapted for use by
1249:
751:
behind it. This was the common arrangement on the largest locomotives, as well as on
748:
714:
682:
60:
1139:
which carry their own fuel but which are usually categorised for different reasons.
2345:
1403:
1340:
1229:
1049:
1043:
752:
514:
1535:
in terminals and locomotive shops, and in logging, mining and industrial service.
733:
107:
2242:
2088:
1851:
1394:: The usable tractive weight of a locomotive is the product of the weight on its
75:
locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.
2183:
The
Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831–1915: A Study in American Industrial Practice
2022:
Standard designation of axle arrangement on locomotives and multiple-unit sets.
1307:
1080:
1069:
1053:
868:
722:
625:
395:
363:
64:
611:
1465:
1147:
539:
200:
56:
1630:
Lockwood's Dictionary of Terms Used in the Practice of Mechanical Engineering
165:. By the mid-1850s tank locomotives were to be found performing a variety of
1413:
1089:
632:
227:
An example with a tapered front and cut-out to give access to the valve gear
134:
68:
37:
1870:
The Royal Arsenal Railways: The Rise and Fall of a Military Railway Network
1770:
Dambly, Phil: "Nos inoubliables 'Vapeur'. Editions LE RAIL, Brussels (1968)
1366:
1216:
768:
570:
370:
325:
199:
The length of side tanks was often limited in order to give access to the
1994:
Industrial Locomotives: including preserved and minor railway locomotives
603:
type of locomotive, which is a 4-4-0 American-type with wheels reversed.
269:
1190:
497:
446:
359:
300:
A typical curved-shaped saddle tank, covering both firebox and smokebox
586:
1178:
1084:
is used to carry the fuel (for locomotives using liquid fuel such as
562:
536:
238:
189:
1295:
2328:
Locomotives of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway: Part 3
1518:
1506:
1429:
1339:
1317:
1294:
1243:
1215:
1189:
1156:
1146:
1094:
1027:
1009:
991:
973:
955:
937:
919:
901:
840:
829:
818:
807:
796:
767:
732:
696:
610:
585:
340:
285:
106:
36:
2244:
Vertical Boiler Locomotives and Railmotors Built in Great Britain
2391:
A History of the American Locomotive: Its Development, 1830–1880
2315:. Locomotive Publishing Company. 13 June 1903. pp. 404–406.
1075:
242:
121:
that ran at the Rainhill Trials in 1829. It was an example of a
390:, pannier tank locomotives were used almost exclusively by the
129:
date from the 1840s; one of the first of these was supplied by
1965:. Vol. 24. Kalmbach Publishing Company. 1964. p. 35.
1894:"Narrow Gauge Locomotive For the Gas Light and Coke Company".
1085:
638:
460:
409:
319:
saddle tank with both straight sides and a protruding smokebox
1833:
Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Great Britain) (1864).
1799:"Tank locomotives for suburban service on American railways"
1652:. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation. 1922. p. 86.
2241:
Abbott, Rowland Aubrey Samuel; Lowe, James Wensley (1989).
2116:
Locomotive Magazine and Railway Carriage & Wagon Review
1204:
A crane tank (CT) is a steam tank locomotive fitted with a
288:
ST. Note the short tank, avoiding both firebox and smokebox
1402:. Therefore, up to the limits of the maximum permissible
1299:
Steam tram locomotive of Geldersche Tramwegen, Netherlands
1756:
An outline of Great Western locomotive practice 1837–1947
1194:
A crane tank preserved as a static exhibit at Bressingham
875:), various suffixes are used to denote tank locomotives:
27:
Steam locomotive which carries its fuel and water onboard
816:) or equal numbers of leading and trailing wheels (e.g.
655:
500:
Saddle tanks or Pannier tanks for heavy timber trains.
477:
426:
1909:
Anthony Burton; John Scott-Morgan (30 November 2015).
1836:
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
1274:
up very steep gradients, such as the sides of railway
453:, a private company grouping smaller secondary lines.
192:-shaped tanks which are situated on both sides of the
1805:. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. 1905. p. 168.
1693:
The Evolution of the Steam Locomotive (1803 to 1898)
1454:: As the water in the tanks is used up, the overall
1060:, the suffix 't' is used to denote tank locomotives
708:
showing the inverted saddle tank around the smokebox
624:"Wing tank" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1787:. Locomotive Publishing Company. 1908. p. 218.
2119:. Locomotive Publishing Company. 1907. p. 47.
1853:The Van and Kerry Railways: With the Kerry Tramway
1074:On tank locomotives which use solid fuels such as
30:"Tank engine" redirects here. For other uses, see
1666:Industrial Locomotives & Railways of Scotland
1484:: The boiler and water tanks must fit within the
91:
1583:, Newton Abbot: David and Charles, pp. 9–10
631:For the auxiliary fuel tank of an aircraft, see
561:well tank formerly used on suburban services in
237:The water tank sits on top of the boiler like a
55:which carries its water in one or more on-board
789:Locomotive classification and wheel arrangement
513:, creating greater stability on poorly laid or
1564:Kalla-Bishop, P. M.; Greggio, Luciano (1985).
2313:Locomotive, Railway Carriage and Wagon Review
2309:"6-wheeled tank locomotive, D.W. & W. Ry"
2074:Railways in the Years of Pre-Eminence 1905–19
1785:Locomotive, Railway Carriage and Wagon Review
1135:There are several other specialised types of
496:In Logging railroads in the Western USA used
8:
2210:Steam Tramways: a Pressing Want of the Times
2132:Die Baureihe 61 und der Henschel-Wegmann-Zug
1622:
1620:
2159:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
1961:"Locomotives built between 1930 and 1962".
1598:, no. 1975, London, September 20, 1852
619:on the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway
2367:. Rebo International B.V. pp. 74–78.
1649:Locomotive Cyclopedia of American Practice
1642:
1640:
1579:The Industrial Locomotive Society (1967),
1373:The benefits of tank locomotives include:
1252:contractor's loco, with their distinctive
985:
451:la Société Générale d'Exploitatation (SGE)
2394:. Courier Corporation. pp. 233–235.
2332:Railway Correspondence and Travel Society
2268:Camp, Walter Mason, ed. (22 April 1905).
1982:. F. A. Stokes Company. pp. 177–179.
1912:The Light Railways of Britain and Ireland
1696:. Railway Publishing Company. p. 11.
1613:, no. 26429, London, August 29, 1851
1003:
2365:The Complete Encyclopedia of Locomotives
2280:(16). Railway Review, Incorporated: 283.
2061:. P. Marshall & Company. p. 35.
1633:. Crosby, Lockwood and Son. p. 413.
877:
215:A typical side tank locomotive from 1897
1556:
1103:
525:
274:
205:
143:London Brighton and South Coast Railway
2037:
2027:
1873:. Pen & Sword Books. p. 192.
2346:"The 4200 class GWR Tank locomotives"
2157:Ungarische Lokomotiven und Triebwagen
1392:Fuel and water add to adhesive weight
7:
1669:. Amberley Publishing. p. 220.
1365:) gauge tank locomotive Tx26-423 in
1710:Great Western Railway Pannier Tanks
1322:Vertical boiler locomotive "Taffy".
776:combined side tanks and a well tank
517:tracks. The first tank locomotive,
125:. However, the more common form of
2363:De Cet, Mirco; Kent, Alan (2006).
2297:. Western Railway Club. p. 2.
2274:The Railway and Engineering Review
2134:(in German). Freiburg: EK-Verlag.
1996:. Vol. 17EL. Melton Mowbray:
1498:runs between stops were the norm.
747:A tank locomotive may also haul a
115:The first tank locomotive was the
25:
2270:"Meeting of Western Railway Club"
1940:. Pen & Sword Books Limited.
1938:British Steam Locomotive Builders
1915:. Pen and Sword. pp. 18–19.
1761:, London, U.K. (1957), p. 42
1522:
1472:4-6-4T before they were modified.
967:
844:
833:
822:
811:
800:
592:Finnish Steam Locomotive Class F1
2388:John H. White (1 January 1979).
2180:John K. Brown (September 2001).
1663:Gordon Edgar (15 October 2019).
1118:
1106:
1021:
931:
642:
569:
547:
528:
464:
413:
369:
355:
324:
305:
293:
277:
220:
208:
137:to the contractors building the
72:
59:, instead of a more traditional
2076:. Blandford Press. p. 127.
1867:Mark Smithers (31 March 2016).
1839:. The Institution. p. 103.
1781:"An old "well" tank locomotive"
1707:Robin Jones (31 January 2014).
1446:Limited fuel and water capacity
1426:operation and is to be avoided.
1004:Inverted saddle tank locomotive
677:Wing tanks were mainly used on
2224:Clark, Daniel Kinnear (1894).
1976:Joseph Russell Howden (1909).
1690:George Augustus Nokes (1899).
1627:Joseph Gregory Horner (1892).
1131:Other types of tank locomotive
949:
913:
895:
859:Whyte notation § Suffixes
63:. Most tank engines also have
1:
2291:Western Railway Club (1904).
2024:(5 ed.). 1 January 1983.
1979:The Boys' Book of Locomotives
1759:Locomotive Publishing Company
1581:Steam locomotives in industry
1476:Axle loading limits a problem
1044:UIC notation § Structure
256:The squared-off shape of the
1336:Advantages and disadvantages
1155:class Garratt, preserved in
159:Kitson Thompson and Hewitson
155:William Fairbairn & Sons
92:advantages and disadvantages
32:Tank engine (disambiguation)
1545:Steam locomotive components
1468:, as was the case with the
1314:Vertical boiler locomotives
1212:Streamlined tank locomotive
706:Golden Valley Light Railway
396:Great Western pannier tanks
2443:
2155:Kubinszky, Mihály (1975).
2130:Gottwaldt, Alfred (2005).
1998:Industrial Railway Society
1325:
1239:
1197:
1162:
1067:
1041:
856:
622:
29:
2350:The Great Western Archive
1816:Nehemiah Hawkins (1909).
1441:There are disadvantages:
2207:Barcroft, Henry (1881).
1822:. T. Audel. p. 655.
1609:"The Great Exhibition",
1482:Limit of boiler diameter
582:Rear tank (or back tank)
376:Pannier tank locomotives
151:E. B. Wilson and Company
2093:. David & Charles.
1936:Lowe, James W. (2014).
1452:Varying adhesive weight
1240:Contractor's locomotive
1151:South African Railways
968:Pannier tank locomotive
740:tender-tank locomotive
349:pannier tank locomotive
331:Saddle tank locomotives
18:Pannier tank locomotive
2427:Steam locomotive types
2326:Bradley, D.L. (1974).
2230:. C. Lockwood and son.
2090:The Garratt Locomotive
2087:A. E. Durrant (1969).
2055:Henry Greenly (1904).
1850:Cozens, Lewis (1953).
1438:
1370:
1323:
1300:
1256:
1224:
1195:
1160:
1052:which also classifies
1022:Tender-tank locomotive
932:Saddle tank locomotive
867:for classification of
777:
744:
709:
620:
595:
350:
131:George England and Co.
112:
90:Tank locomotives have
44:
1611:The Morning Chronicle
1433:
1343:
1321:
1298:
1247:
1219:
1200:Crane tank locomotive
1193:
1186:Crane tank locomotive
1150:
986:Crane tank locomotive
771:
736:
700:
615:Wing tank locomotive
614:
589:
578:at Wikimedia Commons
576:Well tank locomotives
392:Great Western Railway
378:at Wikimedia Commons
344:
333:at Wikimedia Commons
163:William Bridges Adams
110:
83:and shorter-distance
71:) to hold fuel; in a
40:
2294:Official Proceedings
1509:tanks (such as the "
1416:of a run-round loop.
1177:in three parts. The
950:Well tank locomotive
914:Rear tank locomotive
896:Side tank locomotive
853:Whyte classification
693:Inverted saddle tank
594:rear tank locomotive
149:in 1851. These were
147:The Great Exhibition
1594:"Calamitous fire",
1505:was famous for its
1254:cylindrical firebox
1220:Hungarian Railways
559:LSWR 0298 "Beattie"
523:, was a well tank.
262:round-topped boiler
139:Seaford branch line
42:LB&SCR J1 class
2072:Nock, O.S (1971).
1531:suburban service,
1470:LB&SCR L class
1439:
1435:LB&SCR L class
1400:factor of adhesion
1398:multiplied by the
1371:
1324:
1301:
1291:Steam tram engines
1257:
1232:and the Hungarian
1225:
1196:
1171:Garratt locomotive
1165:Garratt locomotive
1161:
1143:Garratt locomotive
1038:UIC classification
778:
745:
738:Ffestiniog Railway
710:
654:. You can help by
621:
596:
476:. You can help by
425:. You can help by
351:
157:, George England,
113:
45:
2401:978-0-486-23818-0
2374:978-90-366-1505-1
2254:978-0-85361-385-5
2247:. Oakwood Press.
2213:. Hodges, Figgis.
2193:978-0-8018-6812-2
2141:978-3-88255-161-7
2100:978-0-7153-4356-2
2007:978 1 901556 88 9
1947:978-1-4738-2289-4
1922:978-1-4738-2706-6
1880:978-1-4738-4401-8
1720:978-1-84797-654-3
1676:978-1-4456-4943-6
1568:. Crescent Books.
1566:Steam Locomotives
1378:Bi-directionality
1261:civil engineering
1058:wheel arrangement
1035:
1034:
873:wheel arrangement
783:centre of gravity
672:
671:
574:Media related to
511:centre of gravity
494:
493:
443:
442:
374:Media related to
329:Media related to
251:centre of gravity
16:(Redirected from
2434:
2422:Tank locomotives
2406:
2405:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2323:
2317:
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2305:
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2265:
2259:
2258:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2025:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1803:Engineering News
1795:
1789:
1788:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1737:. Archived from
1731:
1725:
1724:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1644:
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1615:
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1570:
1569:
1561:
1526:
1524:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1346:
1137:steam locomotive
1122:
1110:
1031:
1013:
995:
977:
959:
941:
923:
905:
878:
848:
846:
837:
835:
826:
824:
815:
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667:
664:
646:
639:
636:
629:
573:
551:
532:
489:
486:
468:
461:
438:
435:
417:
410:
400:Belpaire firebox
373:
328:
309:
297:
281:
258:Belpaire firebox
224:
212:
53:steam locomotive
21:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2412:
2411:
2410:
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2357:
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2302:
2290:
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2267:
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2255:
2240:
2239:
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2223:
2222:
2218:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2036:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1750:
1746:
1735:"Pannier tanks"
1733:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1541:
1517:
1495:
1456:adhesive weight
1359:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:1 ft
1348:
1344:
1338:
1330:
1328:Vertical boiler
1316:
1293:
1281:spectacle plate
1242:
1214:
1202:
1188:
1167:
1145:
1133:
1126:
1123:
1114:
1111:
1072:
1066:
1046:
1040:
1026:
1008:
990:
972:
954:
936:
918:
900:
861:
855:
839:
828:
817:
806:
795:
791:
766:
731:
695:
668:
662:
659:
652:needs expansion
637:
630:
623:
609:
584:
565:
552:
543:
533:
506:
490:
484:
481:
474:needs expansion
459:
439:
433:
430:
423:needs expansion
408:
384:
339:
320:
310:
301:
298:
289:
282:
235:
228:
225:
216:
213:
183:
175:
105:
100:
49:tank locomotive
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2440:
2438:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2380:
2373:
2355:
2337:
2318:
2300:
2283:
2260:
2253:
2233:
2216:
2199:
2192:
2172:
2165:
2147:
2140:
2122:
2106:
2099:
2079:
2064:
2047:
2013:
2006:
1985:
1968:
1953:
1946:
1928:
1921:
1901:
1898:. 7 June 1895.
1886:
1879:
1859:
1842:
1825:
1808:
1790:
1772:
1763:
1744:
1741:on 2016-05-14.
1726:
1719:
1699:
1682:
1675:
1655:
1636:
1616:
1601:
1586:
1571:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1537:
1515:GWR 4200 Class
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1473:
1459:
1449:
1428:
1427:
1424:steam injector
1417:
1407:
1396:driving wheels
1389:
1337:
1334:
1326:Main article:
1315:
1312:
1292:
1289:
1241:
1238:
1213:
1210:
1198:Main article:
1187:
1184:
1163:Main article:
1144:
1141:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1125:A side bunker.
1124:
1117:
1115:
1113:A rear bunker.
1112:
1105:
1068:Main article:
1065:
1062:
1042:Main article:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1006:
1001:
997:
996:
988:
983:
979:
978:
970:
965:
961:
960:
952:
947:
943:
942:
934:
929:
925:
924:
916:
911:
907:
906:
898:
893:
889:
888:
885:
882:
871:(primarily by
865:Whyte notation
857:Main article:
854:
851:
790:
787:
774:LSWR 415 class
765:
762:
730:
727:
694:
691:
685:'s locomotive
670:
669:
649:
647:
608:
605:
583:
580:
567:
566:
553:
546:
544:
534:
527:
505:
502:
492:
491:
471:
469:
458:
455:
441:
440:
420:
418:
407:
404:
383:
380:
347:GWR 57xx class
338:
335:
322:
321:
311:
304:
302:
299:
292:
290:
283:
276:
234:
231:
230:
229:
226:
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217:
214:
207:
182:
179:
174:
171:
104:
101:
99:
96:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2439:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
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2417:
2403:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2237:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2186:. JHU Press.
2185:
2184:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2166:963-05-0125-2
2162:
2158:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2031:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1492:
1487:
1486:loading gauge
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1285:loading gauge
1282:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1201:
1192:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1056:primarily by
1055:
1051:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
993:
989:
987:
984:
981:
980:
975:
971:
969:
966:
963:
962:
957:
953:
951:
948:
945:
944:
939:
935:
933:
930:
927:
926:
921:
917:
915:
912:
909:
908:
903:
899:
897:
894:
891:
890:
886:
883:
880:
879:
876:
874:
870:
866:
860:
852:
850:
847:
842:
836:
831:
825:
820:
814:
809:
803:
798:
788:
786:
784:
775:
770:
763:
761:
757:
754:
750:
743:
739:
735:
728:
726:
724:
720:
716:
715:Brill Tramway
707:
703:
699:
692:
690:
688:
684:
683:Kerry Tramway
680:
675:
666:
657:
653:
650:This section
648:
645:
641:
640:
634:
627:
618:
613:
606:
604:
602:
593:
588:
581:
579:
577:
572:
564:
560:
557:
550:
545:
541:
538:
531:
526:
524:
522:
521:
516:
512:
503:
501:
499:
488:
479:
475:
472:This section
470:
467:
463:
462:
457:United States
456:
454:
452:
448:
437:
428:
424:
421:This section
419:
416:
412:
411:
405:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
381:
379:
377:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
348:
343:
336:
334:
332:
327:
318:
315:
308:
303:
296:
291:
287:
280:
275:
273:
271:
265:
263:
259:
254:
252:
246:
244:
240:
232:
223:
218:
211:
206:
204:
202:
197:
195:
191:
187:
180:
178:
172:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
119:
109:
102:
97:
95:
93:
88:
86:
82:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
43:
39:
33:
19:
2390:
2383:
2364:
2358:
2349:
2340:
2327:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2293:
2286:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2243:
2236:
2226:
2219:
2209:
2202:
2182:
2175:
2156:
2150:
2131:
2125:
2115:
2109:
2089:
2082:
2073:
2067:
2057:
2050:
2021:
2016:
1993:
1988:
1978:
1971:
1962:
1956:
1937:
1931:
1911:
1904:
1895:
1889:
1869:
1862:
1856:. R. Cozens.
1852:
1845:
1835:
1828:
1818:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1755:
1747:
1739:the original
1729:
1709:
1702:
1692:
1685:
1665:
1658:
1648:
1629:
1610:
1604:
1595:
1589:
1580:
1574:
1565:
1559:
1500:
1496:
1481:
1475:
1461:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1419:
1409:
1404:axle loading
1391:
1377:
1372:
1331:
1308:cow catchers
1305:
1302:
1269:
1258:
1226:
1203:
1168:
1134:
1079:
1073:
1050:UIC notation
1047:
862:
792:
779:
764:Combinations
758:
753:narrow gauge
746:
741:
718:
711:
701:
686:
679:narrow gauge
676:
673:
660:
656:adding to it
651:
616:
597:
568:
518:
515:narrow gauge
507:
495:
482:
478:adding to it
473:
450:
444:
431:
427:adding to it
422:
394:. The first
385:
368:
352:
337:Pannier tank
323:
266:
255:
247:
236:
198:
185:
184:
176:
126:
122:
117:
114:
89:
77:
48:
46:
2038:|work=
1896:Engineering
1752:Holcroft, H
1713:. Crowood.
1462:Instability
1410:Compactness
1345:600 mm
1276:embankments
1175:articulated
1070:Fuel bunker
1064:Fuel bunker
1054:locomotives
869:locomotives
729:Tender-tank
723:W.G.Bagnall
717:locomotive
626:Winged tank
485:August 2023
364:pack animal
356:saddle tank
317:Alice Class
233:Saddle tank
73:tender-tank
57:water tanks
2416:Categories
1596:Daily News
1551:References
1493:Popularity
1466:derailment
1420:Efficiency
1264:contractor
742:Welsh Pony
663:April 2020
540:Decauville
434:April 2020
284:Large USA
201:valve gear
186:Side tanks
69:fuel tanks
2040:ignored (
2030:cite book
1533:switching
1529:push-pull
1414:headshunt
1382:turntable
1234:Class 242
1222:class 242
1090:Fuel tank
687:Excelsior
633:Drop tank
607:Wing tank
599:American
542:well tank
504:Well tank
181:Side tank
167:main line
135:New Cross
127:side tank
123:well tank
87:duties.
85:main line
2000:. 2015.
1539:See also
1369:, Poland
1363: in
1230:Class 61
887:Example
884:Meaning
360:panniers
270:smokebox
141:for the
81:shunting
1507:Prairie
1358:⁄
1250:Bagnall
1099:firebox
1048:In the
881:Suffix
863:In the
704:on the
556:British
520:Novelty
498:2-6-6-2
447:Belgium
406:Belgium
388:Britain
382:Britain
314:Hunslet
118:Novelty
103:Origins
98:History
65:bunkers
2398:
2371:
2251:
2190:
2163:
2138:
2097:
2004:
1963:Trains
1944:
1919:
1877:
1717:
1673:
1367:Poznań
1272:wagons
1248:Small
1179:boiler
1081:bunker
749:tender
719:Wotton
617:Dougal
601:Forney
563:London
537:French
239:saddle
194:boiler
190:cuboid
61:tender
1519:2-8-0
1206:crane
1157:Wales
1153:NGG16
1095:bogie
1028:0-4-0
1010:0-6-0
992:0-6-0
974:0-6-0
956:0-6-0
938:0-6-0
920:0-4-4
902:0-6-0
841:2-6-4
830:4-6-4
819:2-4-2
808:0-6-0
797:0-4-0
760:tank.
362:on a
286:2-8-2
173:Types
51:is a
2396:ISBN
2369:ISBN
2249:ISBN
2188:ISBN
2161:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2095:ISBN
2042:help
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1942:ISBN
1917:ISBN
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1715:ISBN
1671:ISBN
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772:The
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188:are
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67:(or
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1030:T+T
1012:IST
982:CT
964:PT
946:WT
928:ST
910:RT
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445:In
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386:In
133:of
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1169:A
994:CT
976:PT
958:WT
940:ST
922:RT
892:T
849:.
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590:A
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345:A
312:A
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