913:
48:
888:
900:
1006:. In panachage, voters support individual candidates (rather than parties). Voters have multiple votes, which they can split between individual candidates in different party lists. Seats are allocated to each party based on the number of votes for all of its candidates. Seats allocated to a party go to that party's most-popular candidates (assuming a
1447:
in communes having fewer than 1,000 inhabitants (at the time: 26,879 communes, representing 73.5% of the total) have been able to cast ballot papers indicating their preference for candidates either listed or named individually, and, in addition, cross out if they so wish the names of one or more
1060:
The
Central Strelsau constituency in the Ruritanian Assembly of the Republic elects six members using a fully open list. Three lists, containing twenty-two candidates in total, are vying for its seats. in this example, 40,500 votes are cast. The totals for each candidate and party are:
1540:
In
Switzerland, in addition to being able to distribute their votes between different lists, voters may add names to lists, and/or delete one or more of the names appearing on others. Each candidate can be placed up to two times on the ballot paper. This practice is known as
1451:
Until a reform effective 17 May 2013, voters had been able to write in the names of other, unlisted eligible citizens. But now all nominations must be filed in advance with the prefecture or sub-prefecture, and voters may no longer add names on election day.
1532:, a voter in Luxembourg has as many votes as there are seats to be filled in that constituency. The individual may vote either for candidates on the same list or for candidates on different lists and may allocate up to two votes to a single candidate.
1448:
candidates. (Before that time, the upper population limit for communes qualified for this system of voting had been 3,500.) The number of candidates selected by a voter must not, however, exceed the total number of available seats.
1430:"For the first time, voters will be able to select individual candidates from any party rather than being forced to vote for a single party with an established list of candidates. Voters can still opt to simply choose a party."
1321:
The SDP seats go to its most popular three candidates by vote tally: Megan Vargas, Matt Wright, and Pranav Kapoor. The NCP seats go to its top two candidates, Bob Jones and Tricia
Chapman. The LCC seat goes to Sam Miller.
1402:
parliamentary elections, voters have as many votes as there are seats to be filled. They may use their votes to support candidates across party lines (and they may also give several votes to a single candidate).
1815:[LAW No. 2013-403 of 17 May 2013 concerning the election of departmental councilors, city councilors and community councilors and amending the electoral calendar] (in French). Legifrance. 17 May 2013
1813:"LOI n° 2013-403 du 17 mai 2013 relative à l'élection des conseillers départementaux, des conseillers municipaux et des conseillers communautaires, et modifiant le calendrier électoral"
1616:
1378:
Municipal elections were held under the panachage system until passage of the 5 July 1976 Law. This change was adopted before the first elections (October 1976) following the
1627:
941:
1838:
1638:
632:
1907:
1792:
1713:
1599:. Estudios e Investigaciones NÂș7 (in Spanish). Vol. I. Directorate of Parliamentary Information of the National Congress. April 1993. p. 17.
1484:
to select candidates from lists, i.e. voters may only give one vote to a candidate they support. In all other states allowing panachage, voters may
664:
526:
521:
934:
627:
1812:
309:
1007:
833:
1423:
1419:
1379:
84:
1753:
1348:
1340:
1336:
927:
1591:
1738:
828:
1942:
1613:
1529:
1351:, Argentine voters had the possibility of crossing out or adding candidates to the electoral lists of the legislative elections.
818:
568:
539:
479:
1668:
1624:
1440:
1344:
1045:
550:
75:
1635:
1513:
613:
1444:
1368:
255:
240:
225:
871:
491:
414:
335:
1003:
303:
285:
126:
1690:
1387:
856:
1014:
747:
730:
697:
677:
461:
449:
419:
220:
178:
111:
555:
603:
596:
80:
1709:
1411:
1307:
1030:
1022:
657:
585:
574:
437:
424:
407:
384:
362:
325:
315:
1382:, which reduced the number of Belgian communes from 2,359 to 596. Bills were introduced in 1995 and 1999 by
1315:
1018:
783:
637:
320:
1497:
1481:
812:
692:
622:
429:
1517:
1034:
720:
560:
444:
250:
229:
161:
139:
1311:
912:
778:
1399:
1372:
1038:
1026:
851:
838:
806:
70:
1642:
1631:
1620:
757:
591:
244:
1477:
1049:
917:
788:
399:
183:
1476:) for state and municipal elections. Eleven others use the system only for municipal elections.
866:
1891:
1734:
1542:
1489:
1485:
1461:
1041:
999:
823:
793:
715:
652:
486:
213:
188:
171:
39:
1383:
963:
904:
861:
752:
740:
454:
330:
156:
150:
132:
121:
116:
104:
65:
27:
1741:
892:
725:
580:
545:
466:
377:
280:
203:
145:
23:
47:
1561:
1465:
762:
702:
687:
498:
367:
342:
193:
1912:
www.luxembourg.lu (The official presentation website of the Grand Duchy of
Luxembourg)
1714:
Proposition de loi modifiant la loi électorale communale et instaurant le vote panaché
1691:
Proposition de loi modifiant la loi électorale communale et instaurant le vote panaché
887:
1936:
1472:, both of which are city-states) have adopted electoral systems including panachage (
771:
471:
259:
97:
60:
35:
1861:
1773:
1686:
511:
275:
268:
198:
1662:
389:
347:
290:
235:
1841:[Election Code â Article L255-4] (in French). Legifrance. 23 March 2014
1924:
1415:
352:
1776:(reproduction of ballot papers and explanation of the new voting system)",
1314:, the Social Democratic Party wins 3 seats, the NCP 2, and the LCC 1. (See
899:
1501:
608:
1788:
1469:
394:
1512:
Panachage within an open list proportional system has been used since
1793:
El
Salvador joins the panachage ranks, presidentâs party holds steady
1493:
1371:, panachage was allowed in provincial and parliamentary elections in
1310:
between the parties in according to their vote share. When using the
1754:
Voters head to the polls in El
Salvador to elect legislators, mayors
1375:. Candidates were placed on lists in alphabetical order of surname.
990:
987:
1390:
to reinstitute panachage, but they were never put to votes.
46:
1878:
978:
984:
972:
1906:
some communes use the system of relative majority, cf.
1581:
Hoag and
Hallett, Proportional Representation, p. 52-53
1486:
give more than one vote for one or several candidate(s)
1528:
In all proportional elections, such as those for the
975:
966:
969:
981:
1013:The system is used in legislative elections for
1359:Panachage was used in Austria until the 1970s.
998:, from French meaning "blend, mixture") is a
935:
8:
1063:
1037:; and in local elections in a majority of
942:
928:
18:
1667:SPF Intérieur - Direction des Elections (
1553:
34:
1663:Evolution de la législation électorale
16:Variant of most open party list voting
7:
1608:
1606:
1774:Papeletas para las elecciones 2015
1422:. It introduced panachage for the
14:
1839:"Code Ă©lectoral â Article L255-4"
1649:, website of the Swiss Parliament
962:
911:
898:
886:
834:McKelveyâSchofield chaos theorem
480:Semi-proportional representation
112:First preference plurality (FPP)
1860:(in German) Martin Fehndrich,
1669:Federal Public Service Interior
1369:parliamentary elections of 1900
1052:with under 1,000 inhabitants.
872:Harsanyi's utilitarian theorem
829:Moulin's impossibility theorem
794:Conflicting majorities paradox
1:
1927:. Retrieved on 23 April 2008.
1562:"Merriam-Webster â panachage"
1516:for legislative elections in
1306:In the first step, seats are
1076:League of Concerned Citizens
698:Frustrated majorities paradox
1925:Country Profile - Luxembourg
1689:, Christiaan Vandenbroeke, "
1418:proportional system for the
1073:National Consolidation Party
867:Condorcet dominance theorems
807:Social and collective choice
1879:Interactive vote simulation
1318:for further explanation.)
1025:; in national elections in
1004:proportional representation
533:By mechanism of combination
304:Proportional representation
1959:
1778:Tribunal Supremo Electoral
1420:2012 legislative elections
1312:D'Hondt method of rounding
731:Multiple districts paradox
462:Fractional approval voting
450:Interactive representation
1075:
1072:
1069:
678:Paradoxes and pathologies
527:Mixed-member proportional
522:Mixed-member majoritarian
517:By results of combination
408:Approval-based committees
1731:Democratic Latin America
1710:Vincent Van Quickenborne
857:Condorcet's jury theorem
658:Double simultaneous vote
633:Ruralâurban proportional
628:Dual-member proportional
590:
579:
546:Parallel (superposition)
438:Fractional social choice
425:Expanding approvals rule
254:
239:
224:
155:
144:
120:
1943:Mixed electoral systems
1914:, Updated 28 April 2015
1647:The Election Dictionary
1316:highest averages method
1070:Social Democratic Party
784:Tyranny of the majority
561:Fusion (majority bonus)
378:Quota-remainder methods
1504:do not use panachage.
1498:North Rhine-Westphalia
1482:block plurality voting
1432:
918:Mathematics portal
824:Majority impossibility
813:Impossibility theorems
609:Negative vote transfer
430:Method of equal shares
51:
1923:IFES Election Guide:
1428:
721:Best-is-worst paradox
710:Pathological response
445:Direct representation
98:Single-winner methods
50:
1380:1976 communes merger
905:Economics portal
852:Median voter theorem
71:Comparative politics
1752:George Rodriguez, "
1671:- Elections Office)
1643:Library of Congress
1634:Web Archives" and "
1632:Library of Congress
1621:Library of Congress
1530:Chamber of Deputies
1445:municipal elections
1108:Janek Campbell-Pitt
1066:
893:Politics portal
604:Vote linkage system
575:Seat linkage system
162:Ranked-choice (RCV)
1789:Matthew S. Shugart
1760:, 28 February 2015
1733:, Routledge, 2015
1720:, 24 November 1999
1641:2015-04-07 at the
1630:2015-04-07 at the
1619:2015-04-07 at the
1614:Splitting the vote
1478:Schleswig-Holstein
1064:
1056:Fictitious example
789:Discursive dilemma
748:Lesser evil voting
623:Supermixed systems
326:Largest remainders
184:Round-robin voting
52:
1896:Election Passport
1729:Craig Arceneaux,
1718:Senate of Belgium
1695:Senate of Belgium
1673:, 26 January 2010
1543:cumulative voting
1490:cumulative voting
1304:
1303:
1117:Sylvia Ambrosetti
1065:Election results
1000:mixed single vote
952:
951:
839:Gibbard's theorem
779:Dominance paradox
716:Perverse response
420:Phragmen's method
286:Majority judgment
214:Positional voting
172:Condorcet methods
40:electoral systems
1950:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1904:
1898:
1888:
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1875:
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1797:Fruits and Votes
1786:
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1727:
1721:
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1704:
1698:
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1623:Web Archives", "
1610:
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1600:
1598:
1588:
1582:
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1271:Raymond Sullivan
1135:David "D-Dog" Ng
1067:
1002:variant of list
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902:
891:
890:
846:Positive results
741:Strategic voting
638:Majority jackpot
595:
584:
455:Liquid democracy
331:National remnant
321:Highest averages
258:
243:
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160:
151:Alternative vote
149:
133:Partisan primary
125:
66:Mechanism design
19:
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1957:
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1908:Local Elections
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1868:, 19 March 2009
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1645:Web Archives",
1636:Deleting a name
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1233:Duncan Bradshaw
1058:
1050:French communes
1008:fully open list
965:
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909:
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843:
819:Arrow's theorem
809:
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726:No-show paradox
707:
693:Cloning paradox
683:Spoiler effects
680:
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531:
514:
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476:
467:Maximal lottery
434:
415:Thiele's method
404:
374:
306:
296:
295:
281:Approval voting
269:Cardinal voting
265:
210:
204:Maximal lottery
168:
100:
90:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1954:
1946:
1945:
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1799:, 8 March 2015
1781:
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1697:, 13 July 1995
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1201:Thomas McLeish
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1197:
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1186:
1184:Tricia Chapman
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1169:Pat Malkiewicz
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1877:(in German)
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1866:Wahlrecht.de
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1862:Panaschieren
1856:
1843:. Retrieved
1830:
1817:. Retrieved
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1770:(in Spanish)
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1685:Jan Loones,
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1625:Accumulating
1592:
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1474:Panaschieren
1473:
1459:
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1443:, voters in
1438:
1429:
1410:
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1334:
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1277:Jane Janeson
1266:
1262:Megan Vargas
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569:Compensatory
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540:compensatory
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363:List-free PR
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276:Score voting
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199:Ranked pairs
170:
169:
102:
1835:(in French)
1809:(in French)
1707:(in French)
1683:(in French)
1659:(in French)
1536:Switzerland
1460:Of sixteen
1414:adopted an
1412:El Salvador
1407:El Salvador
1343:, and from
1308:apportioned
1177:Judy Bogart
1126:Matt Wright
1101:Alice Brown
1031:El Salvador
1023:Switzerland
653:Single vote
556:Conditional
551:Coexistence
400:Quota Borda
390:Schulze STV
348:Closed list
291:STAR voting
236:Borda count
1845:3 November
1819:3 November
1758:Tico Times
1593:Elecciones
1549:References
1524:Luxembourg
1400:Ecuadorian
1367:Until the
1326:By country
1247:John Smith
1142:Sam Miller
1019:Luxembourg
758:Truncation
487:Cumulative
310:Party-list
85:By country
76:Comparison
1416:open list
1388:Volksunie
1386:from the
1331:Argentina
1297:LCC Total
1291:NCP Total
1285:SDP Total
1093:Candidate
1087:Candidate
1081:Candidate
1048:, and in
960:English:
955:Panachage
665:Dual-vote
358:Panachage
353:Open list
343:List type
221:Plurality
117:Two-round
105:plurality
28:Economics
1937:Category
1892:Honduras
1639:Archived
1628:Archived
1617:Archived
1518:Honduras
1508:Honduras
1502:Saarland
1384:senators
1035:Honduras
385:Hare STV
24:Politics
22:A joint
1470:Hamburg
1464:, two (
1456:Germany
1398:In the
1394:Ecuador
1373:Belgium
1363:Belgium
1355:Austria
1300:13,072
1046:Czechia
1027:Ecuador
395:CPO-STV
245:Baldwin
194:Schulze
189:Minimax
107:methods
1881:, 2016
1737:
1567:14 Aug
1494:Berlin
1466:Bremen
1439:Since
1435:France
1294:23,413
1288:24,994
1196:2,217
1172:1,214
1120:3,901
1096:Votes
1042:states
1039:German
1033:, and
1021:, and
260:Coombs
30:series
1742:p.339
1597:(PDF)
1480:uses
1335:From
1267:5,455
1250:2,087
1244:1,867
1224:2,725
1210:1,254
1204:3,213
1189:5,873
1180:3,113
1166:3,901
1159:3,313
1147:4,662
1138:4,195
1131:3,901
1113:4,662
1104:1,407
1090:Votes
1084:Votes
1044:, in
597:'MMP'
586:'AMS'
1847:2014
1821:2014
1735:ISBN
1569:2019
1514:2005
1500:and
1468:and
1441:2014
1349:1962
1347:and
1345:1958
1341:1948
1337:1912
1236:328
1216:749
538:Non-
492:SNTV
81:List
38:and
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256:el.
241:el.
230:IRV
226:el.
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1910:,
1864:,
1605:^
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1280:0
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1017:,
988:ÉË
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581:UK
157:US
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
