46:) referred to the act of avoiding public service after study. Those who "trained in the pantoufle," the "pantouflards," carried the title of "former student of the École Polytechnique," and gave up the right to the "Diploma of the École Polytechnique". Later, the term also came to refer to the repayment of education costs by individuals who had failed to serve ten years in civil service after obtaining their degree (this is comparable to the practice of "dedit-formation" in France, in which employers might be eligible for reimbursement of expenses by employees who resign prematurely).
187:
Corruption, adopted in
Strasbourg on 27 January 1999 and ratified under Law no. 110 of 28 June 2012. It identifies at a national level the Italian Anti-Corruption Authority and the other bodies responsible for carrying out control, prevention and punishment activities against corruption and illegality in the public administration in such a way as to ensure a coordinated action.
149:
69:
lists some one hundred members in the private sector or in semi-public employment. In May 1990, the review "ENA-mensuel" estimated that of 4,400 former students of the École nationale d'administration, 737 worked in the private sector. Among these, 6.1% had carried out roles in the
Conseil, 8.3% the
158:
Employees who, during the last three years of service, have exercised authoritative or negotiating powers on behalf of public authorities pursuant to
Article 1, paragraph 2 of Legislative Decree No. 165/01, cannot provide, within three years of their public employment contract being terminated, work
52:
The term "pantouflage" also applies to politicians who, following an electoral loss or a termination from a ministerial position, assume a private industry, high-paying position without significant responsibilities. This is often undertaken during an interim period when formerly elected politicians
234:
restricts former executive directors and assistant executive directors of municipalities in their post-electoral careers. They must not have used information obtained in their former public positions to profit in another enterprise. However, no law forbids private enterprises in communities from
109:
Punishable by two years imprisonment and/or compensatory fines of up to 30,000 Euros, for a person who is charged as having left civil service or public office to assume a private-sector position in an industry over which they had previously exercised influence as a public servant, including:
186:
The anti-corruption law is expressly intended to implement (i) Article 6 of the United
Nations Convention against Corruption, adopted by the UN General Assembly on October 31, 2003 and ratified under Law no. 116 of 3 August 2009, and (ii) Articles 20 and 21 of the Criminal Convention against
128:
The
Commission on Ethics for Civil Servants is charged with verifying whether an agent of civil service who assumed a private sector position did so legitimately. Investigations and determinations are undertaken at the request of the manager of the governmental administration from which the
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private parties who have executed contracts or have been conferred with powers to contract are forbidden from contracting with the public administration for the next three years and are required to return any compensation that they have received and that has been traced back to
210:
administration adopted a bill to eliminate this practice by creating a special agency to lure former civil servants back into government employment, as long as former officials do not directly negotiate for higher salaries
423:
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responsibility for proposing and advising on private sector contracts for later decision by controlling public officials, or for taking or receiving advice or capital from a private enterprise
28:, obtain work in private enterprise. In use, the term can be applied to all civil servants, not just those who attain notoriety. In American contexts, this concept is known by economists as a
90:
The term "pantouflage" carries a particularly pejorative meaning when it is applied to former civil servants who worked in an administration exercising control over private-sector industry.
431:
218:, pledged to establish this agency upon his assuming power; this was a direct response to critics who assailed him as an "amakudari," and to reduce administrative inneficiency.
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Provisions detailing appointments that cannot be conferred by public authorities and by publicly controlled private entities and that are to be construed as incompatible
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As frequently as civil servants leave public work and acquire the "pantoufle," private enterprises recruit students at the conclusion of their studies.
179:, those holding of one of the positions provided for under Legislative Decree No. 39/13 (which also include external parties with whom the authority “
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or professional services to private parties to whom public authorities have provided services in furtherance of the said powers (1st period);
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experienced at least four resignations per year. In 1993, the diplomatic corps lost some twenty of its members. The 1992 directory of the
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vet new opportunities to assume elected office. French popular phrasing describes this scenario as "Emploi fictif," or fake employment.
349:
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Paragraph 16-ter must then be read in conjunction with
Article 21 of Legislative Decree No. 39 of 8 April 2013 (containing “
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introduced in
Legislative Decree no. 165/01 (Consolidated Act on Public Employment) by Law no. 190/12, the anti-corruption law (“
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303:. Today, the repayment of student costs by the pantoufle is not required except in the most exceptional cases(C.B. et A.J.
62:
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descent of gods to earth, and concerns the retirement of civil servants into the private sector. On April 1, 2009, the
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Thus, according to article 423-13 of the French criminal code, concerning illegal gains through conflicts of interest:
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Contracts entered into and the tasks conferred in violation of the provisions of this paragraph are invalid and the “
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responsibility for approving contracts of any kind with a private business or for vetting such private contracts
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has established a working, employment or free-lance relationship) are also considered to be public employees.
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Provisions for the prevention and punishment of corruption and illegality in the public administration”
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refers to a practice by which high-level French civil servants, usually former students of the
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424:"Le gouvernement japonais s'attaque à la reconversion des fonctionnaires dans le privé"
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for the sole purpose of applying the prohibitions provided for under paragraph 16-ter”
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before the passing of three years from the date of conclusion of a civil service role.
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Early on, in slang usage at the École
Polytechnique, the word "pantoufle" (French for
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Preface by Armand
Silvestre, Emile Testard, Paris, 1894, xiii + 327 pp., pp.218-220.
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Loi québécoise sur la transparence et l'éthique en matière de lobbyisme
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295:
Dictionnaire d'argot de l'X. Tout sur le langage des polytechniciens
371:"Le Japon va interdire aux fonctionnaires de "descendre du ciel""
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The phenomenon of pantouflage exists in Japan where it is termed
476:"Interview with the executive director of the City of Montreal"
102:, such movements are supervised under strict legal structures.
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the public body or the publicly controlled private law entity”
342:« Amakudari: the Hidden Fabric of Japan's Economy »
540:
Le délit de pantouflage dans les textes du 17 février 1995
252:"Why do European companies bother to hire ex-politicians?"
32:. The practice is often viewed negatively by the public.
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and 18.8% in
Financial Oversight. The same year, the
78:
registered 16.8% incidence of pantouflage and in the
397:"Les "descentes du ciel" seront interdites au Japon"
214:In his election bid in 2009, the administration of
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responsibility for oversight over private industry,
107:
8:
344:, Cornell University Press, 2003, 224 pp.
140:is regulated by Article 53, paragraph 16-
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306:Pantoufle, pantouflage et pantouflards
340:Colignon, Richard A. et Chikako Usui
7:
80:Corps of Bridges and Roads (France)
535:Publication de la cour des comptes
464:Commissaire au lobbyisme du Québec
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281:L'argot de l'X illustré par les X
129:individual in question resigned.
235:hiring former public officials.
26:École nationale d'administration
422:AFP, ed. (September 30, 2009).
320:"Article 432-13 du code pénal"
309:, Le Figaro, 15 octobre 2007).
297:, 2 Ă©dition, Lavauzelle 2004.
154:Article 16-ter provides that:
1:
560:Political science terminology
86:Dissemination of pantouflage
399:. AFP Tokyo. Archived from
300:Les droits des pantouflards
61:Between 1985 and 1990, the
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565:Political science theories
513:Revolving door (politics)
278:Albert-LĂ©vy et G. Pinet
72:Court of Audit of France
175:”), which states that “
76:Corps of Mines (France)
555:German economic policy
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373:. AFP. Archived from
201:Japanese mythological
523:Conflict of interest
428:Aujourd'hui le Japon
239:Notes and references
462:on the site of the
434:on October 31, 2009
322:. Legifance.gouv.fr
260:. 14 September 2017
82:, 14.7% incidence.
22:École Polytechnique
570:Politics of France
458:2017-02-24 at the
403:on April 13, 2009
358:978-0-8014-4083-0
293:Fabrice Mattatia
67:corps préfectoral
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480:Cyberpresse
230:, a law on
138:Pantouflage
18:pantouflage
549:Categories
508:Corruption
485:August 29,
438:October 1,
518:Amakudari
407:April 10,
326:March 29,
197:amakudari
16:The term
497:See also
456:Archived
381:April 4,
232:lobbying
57:Figures
43:slipper
24:or the
356:
348:
228:Quebec
222:Quebec
204:shinto
100:France
94:France
36:Origin
191:Japan
133:Italy
487:2009
440:2009
409:2009
383:2009
354:ISBN
346:ISBN
328:2009
266:2017
165:them
226:In
208:Aso
142:ter
98:In
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