1826:
reasons why its etymology has been a matter of debate. According to Jean Deny, it probably derived from padişah (pādishāh, emperor), with the possible influence of baskak (bāsqāq, agent, tax collector), as suggested by
Gerhard Doerfer. Alternative theories claim that it is a modification of the word başağa (bāş āghā), which was used to designate a 'principal elder brother' or 'prince's elder son' in pre-Ottoman times. Some Turkish lexicographers, including Ahmed Vefik (Aḥmed Vefīḳ) Paşa and Mehmed Salahi (Meḥmed Salāhī), assert that it most likely originated from başa (bāşa) or beşe (elder brother), which was a title generally attributed to provincial notables and janissaries. This theory rests on a double hypothesis: 1) the first Ottoman honoured with the title was probably Alaeddin (ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn), the brother of Orhan (Orkhān, r. c. 724–63/1324–62), and 2) it was also conferred on his designated successors in the second half of the eighth/fourteenth century. In any case, two facts are indisputable. Some Anatolian emirs made use of this honorific distinction before the Ottomans, such as Aydınlı Umur (Umūr) Paşa (d. 748/1348). Moreover, outside of members of the Ottoman family circle, the first dignitaries awarded the title were the sultan's most prominent lieutenants, such as Çandarlı Kara Halil (Qara Khalīl, d. 789/1387), chief of the administration and commander of the army in the reign of Murad (Murād) I (r. 763–91/1362–89).
989:
2049:
2053:
542:
2122:
939:
999:
2126:
979:
929:
949:
2234:
483:
872:(imperial seal). The title did not bestow rank or title to the wife nor was any religious leader elevated to the title. In contrast to western nobility titles, where the title normally is added before the given name, Ottoman titles followed the given name. In contacts with foreign emissaries and representatives, holders of the title Pasha were often referred to as "Your Excellency".
969:
1015:
959:
1825:
The use of paşa (pāşā) as an
Ottoman title emerged immediately after the reign of Osman I (ʿOthmān I, d. c. 724/1324), contrary to previous honorific designations used for upper dignitaries, such as emir (emīr), bey (beg), mirimiran (mīrimīrān), and vezir (vezīr, vizier). This is probably one of the
674:
appears originally to have applied exclusively to military commanders and only high ranking family of the sultans, but subsequently it could distinguish any high official, and also unofficial persons whom the court desired to honour.
2322:
705:
tradition) or peacock tails that the bearers were entitled to display on their standard as a symbol of military authority when on campaign. Only the sultan himself was entitled to four tails, as
988:
848:
and was noted in
Egyptian media in 2014 as one of the main "families that rule Egypt" to this day, and as "deeply rooted in Egyptian society and… in the history of the country."
1741:
2302:
156:
attributes the origin of the
English borrowing to the mid-17th century. The etymology of the Turkish word itself has been a matter of debate. Contrary to titles like
2166:
2254:
596:
1035:
1551:
2187:
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The
Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s. Although it is no longer an official title, high-ranking officers of the
2106:
1850:
1029:
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2014:
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1875:
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1940:
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1687:
522:
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268:. According to Oxford Dictionaries, the Turkish word from which it was borrowed was formed as a result of the combination of the
1463:
1292:
1238:
837:
772:
603:, however, it still owed technical fealty to the Ottoman Sultan. Moreover, Muhammad Ali harboured ambitions of supplanting the
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2277:
2159:
504:
286:
2096:
1325:
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Three grades of Pasha existed, distinguished by the number of horse tails (three, two, and one respectively; a symbol of
366:), which denoted a 'principal elder brother' or 'prince's elder son' in the pre-Ottoman period. According to etymologist
1960:
1123:
1117:
1106:
856:
As an honorific, the title pasha was an aristocratic title and could be hereditary or non-hereditary, stipulated in the
243:
1809:
Bouquet, Olivier (2014). "Paşa". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
1746:
895:
199:
1931:
Deny, Jean (1995). "Pas̲h̲a". In
Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
894:, it is used as an honorific closer to "Sir" than "Lord", especially by older people. Among Egyptians born since the
844:
is known as "the family of the pashas" for having produced the largest number of nobles holding this title under the
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2151:
1111:
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493:
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without distinction. They also frequently gave it to foreigners in the service of the
Ottoman Empire, or of the
2050:"عرب أم شركس أم خليط منهما ؟. عائلات الأباظية في مصر تتكيف نموذجياً مع المتغيرات الاجتماعية والتقلبات السياسية"
1356:
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and the abolition of aristocratic titles, it is considered a highly formal way of addressing one's male peers.
587:) came to be used in Egypt, which was conquered by the Ottomans in 1517. The rise to power in Egypt in 1805 by
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801:(the most common type of Governor) were entitled to the style of Pasha (typically with two tails). The word
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The following military ranks entitled the holder to the style Pasha (lower ranks were styled Bey or merely
1509:
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1319:
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727:(Grand Vizier, the prime minister, but also often taking the field as Generalissimo instead of the Sultan)
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1572:(Józef Bem), Polish general and a national hero of Poland and Hungary, who served in the Ottoman Empire.
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1002:
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2007:
1346:
1400:, is known as the father of obstetrics and gynaecology in Egypt and was a pioneer in obstetric fistula
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420:, the latter meaning 'elder brother' and being a title given to some Ottoman provincial officials and
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of the same era. Old
Turkish had no fixed distinction between /b/ and /p/, and the word was spelled
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Even in
Ottoman Turkish much military vocabulary is borrowed from Persian. The highest rank,
781:
after his military title, besides the administrative term for the type of jurisdiction, e.g.
575:
that it was the sole "Turkish title which carries with it any definite rank and precedence".
2011:
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Some theories have posited a
Turkish or Turkic origin of the word, claiming it derived from
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1343:, was an Egyptian Coptic leader, politician, and founder of the Coptic Museum in Cairo
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in the 20th century, where it denoted a regional official or governor of a district.
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The inclusion criterion is that the person held the rank of "pasha" in his society
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As first used in western Europe, the title appeared in writing with an initial
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316:, who mentions that the word was formed as a shortening of the Persian word
96:
27:
Title for high-ranking military or political officials in the Ottoman Empire
443:, etc., general in the 16th and 17th century, derive through the medieval
1482:
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88:
2258:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 883.
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628:
624:
507: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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17:
1703:
Belghazi, Taieb (2006). "Festivalization of Urban Space in Morocco".
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by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article.
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are often referred to as "pashas" by the Turkish public and media.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
997:
987:
977:
967:
957:
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937:
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and Mehmed Salahi, argued it was most likely derived from Turkish
809:
or other jurisdiction of a Pasha, such as the Pasha or Bashaw of
415:
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228:
210:
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141:
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Ottoman and Egyptian authorities conferred the title upon both
184:(d. 1324), though it had been used before the Ottomans by some
1584:
1069:
1008:
683:
476:
165:
1678:
Benzakour, Fouzia; Gaadi, Driss; Queffélec, Ambroise (2000).
920:, similar to the term "skipper" in the Anglophone navies.
172:), which were established in usage much earlier, the title
1295:(William Hicks), British Colonel, Hero of the Mahdist Wars
682:(Grand Admiral of the Ottoman fleet). Pashas ranked above
1893:
The Last Lingua Franca: English Until the Return of Babel
615:), and sought to style his Egyptian realm as a successor
298:, the word is "more than likely derived from the Persian
1041:
103:
was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century
2323:
Titles in Bosnia and Herzegovina during Ottoman period
1460:
the longest serving Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
1220:, (General Richard Guyon), also known as Kurshid Pasha
619:
to the Ottoman Empire. As such, he bore the title of
1680:
Le Français au Maroc: Lexique et contacts de langues
1477:, known as "Alibasah Sentot" or "Sentot Ali Pasha".
1423:
Qassim Pasha Al Zuhair, Pasha of Albasrah and Kuwait
279:
273:
248:
87:
political and military system, typically granted to
78:
2032:"عائلات تحكم مصر.. 1 ـ 'الأباظية' عائلة الباشوات"
1554:(Sir William Williams), Canadian/British General
767:, the highest Muslim clergyman, of cabinet rank.
752:(chief black eunuch, the highest officer in the
402:). Some earlier Turkish lexicographers, such as
2148:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
469:due to the absence of the /p/ sound in Arabic.
37:"Paşa" redirects here. For the footballer, see
1845:(in Turkish). Simurg Kitapçılık. p. 290.
1389:, founder of the post-Ottoman Turkish republic
739:(army lieutenant-general or navy vice-admiral)
678:It was also part of the official style of the
1914:
1908:
1615:In older works it is sometimes anglicized as
760:corps of the halberdiers in the imperial army
473:Role in Ottoman and Egyptian political system
452:
397:
391:
367:
361:
355:
346:
340:
327:
317:
307:
299:
263:
255:
222:
189:
147:
134:
8:
1843:Tarihi ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lugatı
983:Major-General Charles George Gordon CB Pasha
595:military commander, effectively established
1385:Mustafa Kemal Pasha, subsequently known as
578:It was through this custom that the title (
1866:Meri, Josef W.; Jere L. Bacharach (2006).
1136:("Ibrahim Pasha of Parga"), also known as
667:officially recognised Isma'il as Khedive.
1868:Medieval Islamic Civilization: L–Z, index
1705:Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies
523:Learn how and when to remove this message
2095:Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lutfi (1984-01-12).
1641:The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
1454:, British officer in the Egyptian police
540:
2303:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
2146:Shaw, Stanford J. and Ezel Kural Shaw.
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1632:
1608:
1597:List of Ottoman titles and appellations
623:, in addition to the official title of
1982:
1972:
1933:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
582:
461:, the title became used frequently in
2214:from the original on 8 September 2017
1870:. Taylor & Francis. p. 814.
1668:"Pacha" used as spelling in this text
659:ceasing to be used in 1867, when the
563:had the right to bestow the title of
457:. Due to the Ottoman presence in the
7:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1736:
1734:
866:) issued by the Sultan carrying the
505:adding citations to reliable sources
382:
229:
52:
756:; three tails, as commander of the
398:
374:, the word is derived from Turkish
351:), meaning 'agent, tax collector'.
308:
264:
254:) and the root of the Persian word
68:
2098:Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali
916:in French) is the nickname of the
651:also inherited these titles, with
332:, while repeating a suggestion by
25:
1576:Yusuf Karamanli, Pasha of Tripoli
1523:(Tevfik Pasha), Arab pan-Islamist
1241:(Augustus Charles Hobart-Hampden)
771:If a Pasha governed a provincial
627:, and the self-declared title of
2232:
2038:from the original on 2015-11-28.
2004:Turkish Life in Town and Country
1013:
875:The sons of a Pasha were styled
573:Turkish Life in Town and Country
481:
2123:"عائلة الباشوات أباظة - Search"
1328:(Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz)
745:(major general or rear-admiral)
492:needs additional citations for
180:usage right after the reign of
2101:. Cambridge University Press.
1913:, was a shortening of Persian
1895:. Penguin UK. pp. 1–352.
1120:(Claude Alexandre de Bonneval)
840:. In an Egyptian context, the
580:Egyptian Arabic pronunciation:
326:also attributed its origin to
1:
1811:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
1775:Oxford Dictionaries (English)
1331:Krayem Pasha Al Nahar, Jordan
1224:Habib Abdoe'r Rahman Alzahier
1107:Barbarossa Khair ad-Din Pasha
2125:. 2024-03-19. Archived from
1427:Radu Bey, Pasha of Wallachia
1124:Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
1114:(Ransford Dodsworth Bucknam)
633:Egyptian and Sudanese throne
416:
409:
376:
312:). The same view is held by
280:
274:
238:
233:'head, chief'), itself from
211:
205:
142:
128:
1915:
1747:Online Etymology Dictionary
392:
328:
318:
300:
256:
200:Online Etymology Dictionary
194:still in the 15th century.
79:
2339:
2152:Cambridge University Press
2075:"Rushdi Abaza, AlexCinema"
1359:(Heinrich August Meissner)
534:
336:that it was influenced by
285:
249:
36:
29:
2313:Turkish words and phrases
1891:Ostler, Nicholas (2010).
1717:10.1080/10669920500515168
1566:, Egyptian Prime Minister
1247:, arms and algebra expert
890:and (to a lesser extent)
386:'boy, prince'), which is
368:
154:Oxford English Dictionary
83:) was a high rank in the
1481:Muslim commander during
1365:(Antoine Ignace Melling)
1322:(Otto Liman von Sanders)
1308:Multiple members of the
797:(governors-general) and
631:. His successors to the
537:Egypt under Muhammad Ali
215:was itself from Turkish
186:Anatolian Turkish rulers
107:and it was also used in
2318:Bengali Muslim surnames
2255:Encyclopædia Britannica
2204:"جريدة الدستور البصرية"
2000:Garnett, Lucy Mary Jane
1512:, vali of Mosul 1910-12
1496:(Charles Pomeroy Stone)
1320:Liman von Sanders Pasha
1315:Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha
1214:(Charles George Gordon)
775:, it could be called a
571:wrote in the 1904 work
1935:. Vol. 8. Brill.
1909:
1682:. De Boeck Supérieur.
1666:. pp. Chapter 42.
1583:, Egyptian Pashas and
1352:Mehmed Pasha Sokolović
1208:(Sir John Bagot Glubb)
1068:, Egyptian Pashas and
1006:
995:
985:
975:
965:
955:
945:
935:
924:List of notable pashas
569:Lucy Mary Jane Garnett
552:
453:
362:
356:
347:
341:
223:
216:
190:
148:
135:
60:
32:Pasha (disambiguation)
2278:Noble titles of Egypt
1471:, Kurdish nationalist
1387:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
1374:Müezzinzade Ali Pasha
1144:("the Favorite") and
1134:Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha
1001:
991:
981:
971:
961:
951:
941:
931:
544:
535:Further information:
2162:, 9780521291668. p.
1969:on 20 November 2012.
1664:The Innocents Abroad
1662:Twain, Mark (1869).
1527:Turhan Pasha Përmeti
1475:Sentot Prawirodirdjo
1448:, Egyptian statesman
1398:Naguib Pasha Mahfouz
1393:Mustafa Reshid Pasha
1341:Marcus Simaika Pasha
1335:Mahmud Dramali Pasha
1245:Hüseyin Tevfik Pasha
1229:Hagop Kazazian Pasha
1146:Maktul Ibrahim Pasha
1142:Makbul Ibrahim Pasha
903:Turkish Armed Forces
846:Muhammad Ali dynasty
551:with two horse tails
501:improve this article
465:, though pronounced
431:. The English forms
30:For other uses, see
1643:, Chapter 68, etal
1564:Youssef Wahba Pasha
1560:(Henry Felix Woods)
1256:Ibrahim Edhem Pasha
1251:Hussein Refki Pasha
1234:Hajji Mustafa Pasha
1186:Essad Pasha Toptani
1140:("the Westerner"),
1138:Frenk Ibrahim Pasha
933:Mustafa Kemal Pasha
244:Proto-Indo-European
2208:www.al-jazirah.com
2190:2016-12-03 at the
2169:2024-01-02 at the
2017:2024-01-02 at the
2008:G.P. Putnam's Sons
1754:on 6 October 2013.
1649:2019-05-09 at the
1382:, viceroy of Egypt
1380:Muhammad Ali Pasha
1347:Mehmet Esat Bülkat
1288:Kara Mustafa Pasha
1284:, Moroccan general
1042:clean up the lists
1007:
996:
986:
976:
966:
956:
953:Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
946:
936:
918:Commanding Officer
896:Revolution of 1952
864:patent of nobility
826:Egyptian Khedivate
710:commander in chief
553:
2298:Titles in Lebanon
2108:978-0-521-28968-9
2077:. www.bibalex.org
2034:. 26 March 2014.
1852:978-975-7172-56-7
1570:Yusuf Murad Pasha
1376:, Ottoman admiral
1337:, Ottoman general
1196:Fekry Pasha Abaza
1103:(Valentine Baker)
1091:Ali Pasha Mubarak
1087:, multiple people
1080:Abbas II of Egypt
1059:
1058:
1005:Ben Schauma Pasha
763:Constantinople's
601:independent state
533:
532:
525:
296:Jere L. Bacharach
119:The English word
77:
16:(Redirected from
2330:
2259:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2200:
2194:
2184:
2180:
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2138:
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2134:
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2113:
2112:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2052:. Archived from
2046:
2040:
2039:
2028:
2022:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1970:
1965:. Archived from
1953:
1947:
1946:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1841:(2002). "başa".
1835:
1829:
1828:
1806:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1781:on 16 April 2017
1777:. Archived from
1767:
1756:
1755:
1750:. Archived from
1738:
1729:
1728:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1659:
1653:
1637:
1620:
1613:
1505:Sultan al-Atrash
1414:Omar Pasha Latas
1148:("the Executed")
1075:Abbas I of Egypt
1054:
1051:
1045:
1017:
1016:
1009:
993:Aziz Pasha Abaza
963:Osman Nuri Pasha
892:Levantine Arabic
586:
584:[ˈbæːʃæ]
581:
528:
521:
517:
514:
508:
485:
477:
456:
419:
412:
404:Ahmed Vefik Paşa
401:
400:
395:
385:
384:
379:
373:
372:
365:
359:
350:
344:
331:
321:
311:
310:
305:
290:). According to
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283:
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267:
266:
261:
252:
251:
242:('master', from
241:
232:
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226:
214:
208:
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145:
138:
131:
105:Kingdom of Egypt
82:
72:
70:
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21:
2338:
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2333:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
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2263:
2262:
2248:, ed. (1911). "
2244:
2233:
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2228:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2192:Wayback Machine
2182:
2181:
2177:
2171:Wayback Machine
2154:, 27 May 1977.
2145:
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2019:Wayback Machine
1998:
1994:
1981:
1971:
1957:Nişanyan, Sevan
1955:
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1929:
1925:
1903:
1890:
1889:
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1878:
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1853:
1839:Tietze, Andreas
1837:
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1794:
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1732:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1651:Wayback Machine
1639:Edward Gibbon.
1638:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1593:
1581:Zulfikar family
1304:Kilic Ali Pasha
1267:Jafar al-Askari
1164:& Pasha of
1055:
1049:
1046:
1039:
1018:
1014:
973:Donizetti Pasha
926:
854:
836:in turn), e.g.
805:designated any
788:vilayet/walayah
765:Shaikh ul-Islam
733:(Field marshal)
579:
539:
529:
518:
512:
509:
498:
486:
475:
334:Gerhard Doerfer
314:Nicholas Ostler
221: /
117:
49:Ottoman Turkish
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2308:Turkish titles
2305:
2300:
2295:
2293:Titles in Iran
2290:
2288:Ottoman titles
2285:
2280:
2275:
2265:
2264:
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2260:
2246:Chisholm, Hugh
2226:
2225:
2195:
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2139:
2114:
2107:
2087:
2066:
2041:
2023:
1992:
1948:
1941:
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1902:978-0141922218
1901:
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1877:978-0415966924
1876:
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1600:
1599:
1592:
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1587:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1552:Williams Pasha
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1502:
1500:Sulejman Pasha
1497:
1491:
1485:
1472:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1431:Vlad III Tepes
1424:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1357:Meissner Pasha
1354:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1312:
1310:Köprülü family
1306:
1301:
1299:Kazazian Pasha
1296:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1274:
1269:
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1236:
1231:
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1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1171:El-Emam family
1168:
1149:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1096:Andranik Pasha
1093:
1088:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1057:
1056:
1036:embedded lists
1030:indiscriminate
1021:
1019:
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925:
922:
853:
850:
769:
768:
761:
754:Topkapı Palace
746:
740:
734:
728:
661:Ottoman Sultan
609:Constantinople
557:Ottoman Empire
531:
530:
513:September 2023
489:
487:
480:
474:
471:
370:Sevan Nişanyan
203:, the Turkish
116:
113:
99:, and others.
26:
24:
14:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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2251:
2247:
2242:
2241:public domain
2230:
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2209:
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2161:
2157:
2153:
2150:(Volume II).
2149:
2143:
2140:
2129:on 2024-03-19
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2091:
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2076:
2070:
2067:
2056:on 2016-12-27
2055:
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2020:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1944:
1942:9789004161214
1938:
1934:
1927:
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1711:(1): 97–107.
1710:
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1696:
1691:
1689:9782801112601
1685:
1681:
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1665:
1658:
1655:
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1501:
1498:
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1484:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1452:Russell Pasha
1450:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:, Brother of
1428:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1363:Melling Pasha
1361:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:(İsmet İnönü)
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1112:Bucknam Pasha
1110:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1053:
1050:February 2023
1043:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1022:This section
1020:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1000:
994:
990:
984:
980:
974:
970:
964:
960:
954:
950:
944:
940:
934:
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923:
921:
919:
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911:
906:
904:
899:
897:
893:
889:
884:
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873:
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870:
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843:
839:
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827:
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812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
795:
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766:
762:
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747:
744:
741:
738:
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732:
729:
726:
725:Vizier-i-Azam
722:
721:
720:
718:
713:
711:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:Kapudan Pasha
676:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:Osman Dynasty
602:
600:
594:
590:
585:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
550:
549:
543:
538:
527:
524:
516:
506:
502:
496:
495:
490:This section
488:
484:
479:
478:
472:
470:
468:
464:
460:
455:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
418:
413:
411:
405:
394:
390:with Persian
389:
378:
371:
364:
358:
352:
349:
343:
339:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
304:
303:
297:
293:
292:Josef W. Meri
288:
282:
276:
271:
260:
259:
253:
245:
240:
236:
225:
220:
219:
213:
207:
202:
201:
197:According to
195:
192:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
144:
139:
137:
130:
126:
122:
114:
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110:
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98:
94:
90:
86:
81:
75:
66:
62:
58:
50:
46:
40:
33:
19:
2283:Noble titles
2253:
2216:. Retrieved
2207:
2198:
2178:
2147:
2142:
2131:. Retrieved
2127:the original
2117:
2097:
2090:
2079:. Retrieved
2069:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:the original
2044:
2026:
2003:
1995:
1967:the original
1961:
1951:
1932:
1926:
1906:
1892:
1886:
1867:
1861:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1810:
1783:. Retrieved
1779:the original
1774:
1752:the original
1745:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1679:
1673:
1663:
1657:
1640:
1635:
1616:
1611:
1542:Vartan Pasha
1458:Rüstem Pasha
1419:Piyale Pasha
1369:Midhat Pasha
1239:Hobart Pasha
1212:Gordon Pasha
1191:Fakhri Pasha
1145:
1141:
1137:
1129:Djemal Pasha
1066:Abaza Family
1060:
1047:
1040:Please help
1024:may contain
1023:
913:
907:
900:
885:
880:
876:
874:
867:
857:
855:
842:Abaza Family
838:Hobart Pasha
815:
802:
793:
782:
776:
770:
714:
703:Turco-Mongol
700:
690:, but below
677:
671:
669:
656:
652:
620:
598:
589:Muhammad Ali
577:
572:
564:
554:
546:
519:
510:
499:Please help
494:verification
491:
466:
440:
436:
432:
428:
426:
407:
353:
278:'lord', and
247:
198:
196:
173:
169:
161:
133:
120:
118:
100:
44:
43:
2183:(in French)
2010:, 1904. p.
1983:|work=
1558:Woods Pasha
1547:Wehib Pasha
1537:Urabi Pasha
1532:Tusun Pasha
1516:Talat Pasha
1510:Tahir Pasha
1494:Stone Pasha
1488:Sinan Pasha
1469:Şerif Pasha
1446:Riyad Pasha
1409:Osman Pasha
1404:Nubar Pasha
1326:Goltz Pasha
1293:Hicks Pasha
1282:Judar Pasha
1272:Jamal Pasha
1261:İsmet Pasha
1218:Guyon Pasha
1206:Glubb Pasha
1181:Enver Pasha
1118:Ahmed Pasha
1101:Baker Pasha
1032:information
1003:Stone Pasha
943:Enver Pasha
912:, "pasha" (
910:French Navy
799:valis/wālis
750:Kizlar Agha
597:Egypt as a
555:Within the
422:janissaries
414:or Turkish
235:Old Persian
123:comes from
97:dignitaries
2267:Categories
2160:0521291666
2133:2024-04-02
2081:2012-08-23
2060:2016-12-06
1919:'emperor'.
1627:References
1521:Tawfiq Bay
1464:Said Pasha
1436:Refet Bele
1277:John Pasha
1201:Fuad Pasha
1176:Emin Pasha
1026:unverified
886:In modern
822:Christians
794:beylerbeys
670:The title
545:A pasha's
459:Arab world
176:came into
39:Cahit Paşa
1985:ignored (
1975:cite book
1813:. Brill.
1725:145764601
1441:Regep Aga
1162:Commander
1085:Ali Pasha
881:Pashazade
877:Pashazada
852:Honorific
830:Sultanate
773:territory
707:sovereign
665:Abdülaziz
617:sultanate
324:Jean Deny
115:Etymology
89:governors
74:romanized
2218:29 April
2212:Archived
2188:Archived
2167:Archived
2036:Archived
2015:Archived
1785:15 April
1647:Archived
1591:See also
1483:Java War
1479:Javanese
888:Egyptian
807:province
803:pashalik
778:pashaluk
758:baltadji
692:Khedives
613:Istanbul
599:de facto
593:Albanian
363:bāş āghā
329:padishah
319:padishah
302:Padishah
287:𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠
152:)). The
93:generals
2243::
1916:padišāh
1771:"Pasha"
1742:"pasha"
1166:Tripoli
1156:Ottoman
908:In the
834:Kingdom
828:(later
818:Muslims
811:Tripoli
791:. Both
717:Effendi
696:Viziers
649:Isma'il
637:Ibrahim
629:Khedive
449:Italian
388:cognate
270:Pahlavi
182:Osman I
178:Ottoman
140:; also
125:Turkish
109:Morocco
85:Ottoman
76::
57:Turkish
2273:Pashas
2237:
2158:
2105:
1939:
1899:
1874:
1849:
1817:
1723:
1686:
1617:bashaw
1152:Dragut
869:tughra
859:firman
832:, and
784:eyalet
731:Mushir
655:, and
647:, and
561:Sultan
559:, the
463:Arabic
437:bassaw
433:bashaw
357:başağa
348:bāsqāq
342:baskak
338:Turkic
309:پادشاه
272:words
164:) and
65:Arabic
18:Pashas
2250:Pasha
1721:S2CID
1603:Notes
1159:Naval
914:pacha
737:Ferik
688:Aghas
672:Pasha
653:Pasha
645:Sa'id
641:Abbas
621:Pasha
611:(now
591:, an
565:Pasha
467:basha
454:bassa
451:word
445:Latin
441:bucha
393:bačče
275:pati-
239:pati-
212:basha
206:pasha
174:pasha
143:basha
129:pasha
121:pasha
101:Pasha
80:basha
45:Pasha
2220:2018
2156:ISBN
2103:ISBN
1987:help
1962:paşa
1937:ISBN
1910:paşa
1897:ISBN
1872:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1815:ISBN
1787:2017
1684:ISBN
1585:Beys
1070:Beys
820:and
748:The
743:Liva
723:The
694:and
686:and
684:Beys
657:Wāli
625:Wāli
548:tugh
447:and
417:beşe
410:başa
399:بچّه
383:بچّه
377:beşe
294:and
281:shah
258:shah
250:poti
224:bash
191:başa
162:amīr
158:emir
149:bāşā
136:pāşā
69:باشا
61:paşa
53:پاشا
2252:".
2164:386
1713:doi
1034:in
1028:or
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719:):
607:in
503:by
306:" (
265:شاه
230:باش
218:baş
209:or
170:beg
166:bey
2269::
2210:.
2206:.
2006:.
2002:.
1979::
1977:}}
1973:{{
1959:.
1905:.
1823:.
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1773:.
1760:^
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1733:^
1719:.
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2063:.
2021:.
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1945:.
1880:.
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1789:.
1727:.
1715::
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.