Haggadah - Knowledge

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important to include a fifth cup for the fifth expression of redemption in Exodus 6:8. All agreed that five cups should be poured but the question as to whether or not the fifth should be drunk, given that the fifth expression of redemption concerned being brought into the Land of Israel, which—by this stage—was no longer possessed of an autonomous Jewish community, remained insoluble. The rabbis determined that the matter should be left until Elijah comes (in reference to the notion that Elijah's arrival would precipitate the coming of the Messiah, at which time all halakhic questions will be resolved) and the fifth cup came to be known as the

193: 694: 379: 1063: 4663: 40: 4677: 586:, whenever one partakes of fruit or vegetables dipped in liquid, one must wash one's hands, if the fruit or vegetable remains wet. However, this situation does not often arise at other times of the year because either one will dry fruits and vegetables before eating them, or one has already washed one's hands, because one must also wash one's hands before eating bread. 738:

adult "child" until a grandchild of the family receives sufficient Jewish education to take on the responsibility. If a person has no children capable of asking, the responsibility falls to the spouse, or another participant. The need to ask is so great that even if a person is alone at the seder he is obligated to ask himself and to answer his own questions.

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innovation, within a framework conserving the tradition. While innovations became less common in the last few centuries due to the introduction of the printing press and various social factors, Conservative Jews take pride in their community's resumption of the traditional of liturgical creativity within a halakhic framework.

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The traditional Haggadah speaks of "four sons—one who is wise, one who is wicked, one who is simple, and one who does not know to ask". The number four derives from the four passages in the Torah where one is commanded to explain the Exodus to one's son. Each of these sons phrases his question about

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Haggadah is known for its attention to detail in lettering and for introducing many of the themes still found in modern texts. Although illustrations had often been a part of the Haggadah, it was not until the Prague Haggadah that they were used extensively in printed text. The Haggadah features over

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holds that there are no normative texts, and allowed individuals to create their own Haggadot. Reform Jews take pride in their community's resumption of liturgical creativity outside a halakhic framework; although the significant differences they introduced make their texts incompatible with Jews who

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sing "Bivhilu yatzanu mimitzrayim, halahma anya b'nei horin" (In haste we went out of Egypt bread of affliction, free people), Algerian Jews sing "Ethmol 'ayinu abadim, hayom benei 'horin, hayom kan, leshana habaa bear'a deYisrael bene 'horin" (Yesterday we were slaves, today we are free, today we

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details questions one is obligated to ask on the night of the Seder. It is customary for the youngest child present to recite the four questions. Some customs hold that the other participants recite them quietly to themselves as well. In some families, this means that the requirement remains on an

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and the exodus from Egypt. Acting in a way that shows freedom and majesty, many Jews have the custom of filling each other's cups at the Seder table. The Kiddush is traditionally said by the father of the house, but all Seder participants participate by reciting the Kiddush and drinking at least a

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illustrations picturing "scenes and symbols of the Passover ritual; ... biblical and rabbinic elements that actually appear in the Haggadah text; and scenes and figures from biblical or other sources that play no role in the Haggadah itself, but have either past or future redemptive associations".

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The text of the Haggadah was never fixed in one, final form, as no rabbinic body existed which had authority over such matters. Instead, each local community developed its own text. A variety of traditional texts took on a standardized form by the end of the medieval era on the Ashkenazi (Eastern

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as a means of producing texts, the general adoption rate of printed Haggadot was slow. By the end of the sixteenth century, only twenty-five editions had been printed. This number increased to thirty-seven during the seventeenth century, and 234 during the eighteenth century. It is not until the

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Most Ashkenazim have the custom to fill a fifth cup at this point. This relates to a Talmudic discussion that concerns the number of cups that are supposed to be drunk. Given that the four cups are in reference to the four expressions of redemption in Exodus 6:6–7, some rabbis felt that it was

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The British Library's 14th century Barcelona Haggadah (BL Add. MS 14761) is one of the most richly pictorial of all Jewish texts. Meant to accompany the Passover eve service and festive meal, it was also a status symbol for its owner in 14th-century Spain. Nearly all its folios are filled with

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allowed for minor additions and deletions to the text, in accord with the same historical-legal parameters as occurred in previous generations. Rabbis within the Conservative Judaism, studying the liturgical history of the Haggadah and Siddur, conclude that there is a traditional dynamic of

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Two blessings are recited. First one recites the standard blessing before eating bread, which includes the words "who brings forth" (motzi in Hebrew). Then one recites the blessing regarding the commandment to eat Matzah. An olive-size piece (some say two) is then eaten while reclining.

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thy God: 'A wandering Aramean was my parent, and they went down into Egypt, and sojourned there, few in number; and became there a nation, great, mighty, and populous. 6. And the Egyptians dealt ill with us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us hard bondage. 7. And we cried unto the

203:. Upper right: the Dance of Miriam (Ex. 15:20), upper left: the master of the house distributing the matzot (unleavened bread) and the haroset (sweetmeat), lower right: cleaning of the house, lower left: slaughtering the Passover lamb and cleansing dishes (hagalat kelim). 966:, which proclaims that had God performed any single one of the many deeds performed for the Jewish people, it would have been enough to obligate us to give thanks. After this is a declaration (mandated by Rabban Gamliel) of the reasons of the commandments concerning the 181:, along with a minority of commentators, believe that Abba Arika and Samuel were not arguing on its compilation, but rather on its interpretation, and hence it was completed before then. According to this explanation, the Haggadah was written during the lifetime of 949:

With the recital of the Ten Plagues, each participant removes a drop of wine from his or her cup using a fingertip. Although this night is one of salvation, the sages explain that one cannot be completely joyous when some of God's creatures had to suffer. A

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Although the 15 orders of the Seder have been completed, the Haggadah concludes with additional songs which further recount the miracles that occurred on this night in Ancient Egypt as well as throughout history. Some songs express a prayer that the

777:" One explanation for why this very detailed-oriented question is categorized as wise, is that the wise son is trying to learn how to carry out the seder, rather than asking for someone else's understanding of its meaning. He is answered fully: 1544:

Passover Haggadah according to the custom of the Karaite Jews of Egypt / = Passover haggadah : according to the custom of the Karaite Jews of Egypt, edited by Y. Yaron; translation by A. Qanai̤, Pleasanton, CA: Karaite Jews of America,

1174:("Cup of Elijah"). Over time, people came to relate this cup to the notion that Elijah will visit each home on Seder night as a foreshadowing of his future arrival at the end of the days, when he will come to announce the coming of the 1910:

It is very probable that already during the confrontation with the pharaoh the case of the four sons was presented: the wicked is by definition the Pharaoh since he does not want to accept neither God nor His word; the wise is clearly

1554:זבח קרבן הפסח : הגדה של פסח, נוסח שומרוני (Samaritan Haggada & Pessah Passover / Zevaḥ ḳorban ha-Pesaḥ : Hagadah shel Pesaḥ, nusaḥ Shomroni = Samaritan Haggada & Pessah Passover), Avraham Nur Tsedaḳah, Tel Aviv, 1958 298:

While the main portions of the text of the Haggadah have remained mostly the same since their original compilation, there have been some additions after the last part of the text. Some of these additions, such as the

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The Haggadah explores the meaning of those verses, and embellishes the story. This telling describes the slavery of the Jewish people and their miraculous salvation by God. This culminates in an enumeration of the

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majority of a cup of wine. On Shabbat, it is preceded by a reading from the Book of Genesis recounting God's rest on the seventh day of creation and includes an extended doxology on the blessings of Shabbat.

303:"One little goat" (חד גדיא) and "Who Knows One?" (אחד מי יודע), which were added sometime in the fifteenth century, gained such acceptance that they became a standard to print at the back of the Haggadah. 1923:: it is said that Job's fault, precisely in the historical period of the Exodus, was that of having been silent during the rebellion of the Pharaoh against the two leaders of the Jewish people Mosheh and 491:

in the 14th century and is an example of the cross-fertilisation between Jewish and non-Jewish artists within the medium of manuscript illumination. In spring and summer 2012 it was exhibited at the

447:. From 1900 to 1960 alone, over 1,100 Haggadot were printed. It is not uncommon, particularly in America, for haggadot to be produced by corporate entities, such as coffee maker Maxwell House – see 226:

Another part of the oldest ritual, as is recorded in the Mishnah, is the conclusion of the "Hallel" (up to Psalms 118), and the closing benediction of the hymn "Birkat ha-Shir", which latter the

471:: bird-headed Jews bake matzos for the journey and leave Egypt with their possessions (left-hand page); a blank-faced Pharaoh and Egyptian soldiers pursue the Jewish nation (right-hand page) 1319:("One Kid "). This seemingly childish song about different animals and people who attempted to punish others for their crimes and were in turn punished themselves, was interpreted by the 235:

These blessings, and the narrations of Israel's history in Egypt, based on Deuteronomy 26:5–9 and on Joshua 24:2–4, with some introductory remarks, were added in the time of the early

1106:, traditionally, no other food may be eaten for the rest of the night. Additionally, no intoxicating beverages may be consumed, with the exception of the remaining two cups of wine. 589:

According to most traditions, no blessing is recited at this point in the Seder, unlike the blessing recited over the washing of the hands before eating bread. However, followers of

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the seder in a different way. The Haggadah recommends answering each son according to his question, using one of the three verses in the Torah that refer to this exchange.

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is placed between two small pieces of matzo, similarly to how the contents of a sandwich are placed between two slices of bread, and eaten. This follows the tradition of

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The entire order of Hallel which is usually recited in the synagogue on Jewish holidays is also recited at the Seder table, albeit sitting down. The first two psalms,

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miniatures depicting Passover rituals, Biblical and Midrashic episodes, and symbolic foods. A facsimile edition was published by Facsimile Editions of London in 1992.

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Afterwards the Fourth Cup of Wine is drunk and a brief Grace for the "fruit of the vine" is said. In some Ashkenazic communities following in the tradition of Rabbi

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The story of Passover, and the change from slavery to freedom is told. At this point in the Seder, Sefardic Jews (North African) have a custom of raising the

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In the late 1980s, Jewish feminists introduced the idea of placing a "Cup of Miriam" filled with water (to represent the well that existed as long as

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explain differently, but which evidently was similar to the benediction thanking God, "who loves the songs of praise," used in the present ritual.

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Some modern Haggadot mention "children" instead of "sons", and some have added a fifth child. The fifth child can represent the children of the

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One of the most ancient parts is the recital of the "Hallel", which, according to the Mishnah (Pesachim 5:7), was sung at the sacrifice in the

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Hagadah Ḳaraimtsa ṿe-Rustsa = Povi͡estvovanīe na Paskhu po-karaimski i po-russki, Abraham Firkowitsch, Vilʹna : Tip. I. T͡Sīonsona, 1907

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Partakers wash their hands in preparation for eating wet fruit and vegetables, which happens in the next stage. Technically, according to

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nineteenth century, when 1,269 separate editions were produced, that a significant shift is seen toward printed Haggadot as opposed to

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immediately following the Hallel proper, i.e. at the end of Psalm 118, except for the concluding words. After Nishmat, they recite

451:– serving as texts for the celebration of Passover, but also as marketing tools and ways of showing that certain foods are kosher. 389:

The earliest surviving Haggadot produced as works in their own right are manuscripts from the 13th and 14th centuries, such as the

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are stacked on the seder table; at this stage, the middle matzah of the three is broken in half. According to the custom of the

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Why is it that on all other nights during the year we eat either leavened bread or matza, but on this night we eat only matza?

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one of the most important is that of the four children, representing four different attitudes towards why Jews should observe

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The oldest surviving complete manuscript of the Haggadah dates to the 10th century. It is part of a prayer book compiled by

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and others, only two matzot are used, and the top one is broken. The larger piece is hidden, to be used later as the

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the European Jewish community developed into groups that reacted in different ways to modifications of the Haggadah.

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for the plagues is also introduced: "D'tzach Adash B'achav", while similarly spilling a drop of wine for each word.

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of the French Jews in the Middle Ages, as well as Italian Jews until fairly recently was to recite both blessings.

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Why is it that on all other nights we dine either sitting upright or reclining, but on this night we all recline?

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from 1540 according to the Italian rite. In modern Italian haggadot, the Ashkenazic practice has been adopted.

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The Seder concludes with a prayer that the night's service be accepted. A hope for the Messiah is expressed: "

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You should reply to him with the laws of pesach: one may not eat any dessert after the paschal sacrifice.

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Why is it that on all other nights we eat all kinds of vegetables, but on this night we eat bitter herbs?

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periods, although the exact date is unknown. It could not have been written earlier than the time of

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accepted certain fixed texts as authoritative and normative, and prohibited any changes to the text.

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Bava Batra 46b, who states that every time the Talmud says Rav Nachman it is Rav Nachman bar Yaakov

1310: 980:, with scriptural sources. Then follows a short prayer, and the recital of the first two psalms of 520: 413: 263:) was the originator of the present collection, as he was the redactor of the daily liturgy in the 208: 185:(who was a student of Judah bar Ilia and the teacher of Abba Arika and Samuel) the compiler of the 4617: 4612: 4423: 4145: 4022: 4017: 4002: 3972: 3925: 3848: 3754: 3614: 3187: 3092: 3059: 2921: 2674: 1343: 1267: 751:

Why is it that on all other nights we do not dip even once, but on this night we dip them twice?

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The matzot are uncovered, and referred to as the "bread of affliction". Participants declare in

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The festive meal is eaten. Traditionally it begins with the charred egg on the Seder plate.

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of the retribution God will levy over the enemies of the Jewish people at the end of days.

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Mann, Vivian B., "Observations on the Biblical Miniatures in Spanish Haggadot", p.167, in

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The ritual hand-washing is repeated, this time with all customs including a blessing.

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heard our voice, and saw our affliction, and our toil, and our oppression. 8 And the L

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What are the statutes, the testimonies, and the laws that God has commanded you to do?

495:, New York, in the exhibition 'The Rylands Haggadah: Medieval Jewish Art in Context'. 4697: 4450: 4295: 4222: 4029: 3963: 3936: 3885: 3833: 3806: 3781: 3771: 3532: 3478: 3412: 3392: 3382: 3377: 3350: 3296: 3225: 3170: 2988: 2798: 2752: 2694: 1348: 1331: 967: 821: 764: 672: 628: 594: 524: 480: 372: 182: 101: 2403: 1945:. David Silverberg (trans.). Alon Shvut, Israel: Yeshivat Har Etzion. Archived from 4430: 4227: 4189: 4150: 3739: 3483: 3422: 3402: 3362: 3345: 3313: 3301: 3262: 3180: 3155: 2941: 2838: 2788: 2762: 2658: 905:(wild animals) – An infestation of wild animals (some say flies) sprang up in Egypt 408:(late fourteenth century). Other significant medieval illustrated haggadot are the 220: 2803: 2478: 1098:

Each participant receives an at least olive-sized portion of matzo to be eaten as

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who have drifted so far from Jewish life that they do not participate in a Seder.

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With a strong hand the Almighty led us out from Egypt, from the house of bondage.

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requires that this invitation be repeated in the native language of the country.

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European) and Sephardi (Spanish, North African, and Middle Eastern) communities.

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A Special Collection of Haggadot for Passover at the National Library of Israel

1946: 283:; it is slightly altered in the present ritual. Other rabbinic quotes from the 189:. The Malbim theorized that the Haggadah was written by Judah ha-Nasi himself. 4534: 4241: 3823: 3417: 3165: 3087: 2864: 2737: 2638: 2539: 2473: 1320: 1315: 1239: 647: 583: 464: 444: 368: 315: 253: 145: 97: 94: 1927:. Thus Aaron: he is simple in that with facilitated investigative capacity... 4455: 3920: 3811: 3722: 3340: 3274: 2972: 2936: 1298: 1221: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 893: 613:

Each participant dips a sprig of parsley or similar leafy green into either

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This article is about the Passover Haggadah. For the genre in general, see

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In many traditions, the front door of the house is opened at this point.

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It is believed that the first printed Haggadot were produced in 1482, in

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a blessing for the Redemption is to be said. This blessing, according to

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At this part in the Seder, songs of praise are sung, including the song

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According to Jewish tradition, the Haggadah was compiled during the

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an invitation to all who are hungry or needy to join in the Seder.

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79:6–7 is recited in both Ashkenazi and Sephardi traditions, plus

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It is because of what the Almighty did for me when I left Egypt.

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developed their own Haggadot which they use to the present day.

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Following the Seder, those who are still awake may recite the

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Although the Jewish printing community was quick to adopt the

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is a blessing similar to that which is recited on all of the

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associated with the Grace after Meals on special occasions.

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are here -in exile-, next year we will be in Israel free".

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The earliest Ashkenazi illuminated Haggada is known as the

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Exodus in the Jewish Experience: Echoes and Reverberations

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Haggadot.com: Let's Make Your Passover Haggadah Together

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Haggadah for Passover with Collected Customs and Reasons

1879:"Judaism 101: Pesach Seder: How is This Night Different" 1233:

There are a number of opinions concerning the paragraph

2409:. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America. 427:. The oldest confirmed printed Haggadah was printed in 43:

Page from the illuminated Darmstadt Haggadah, Germany,

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Note: The Third Cup is customarily poured before the

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wish to follow a seder according to Jewish tradition.

215:, only the first chapter shall be recited. After the 1204:, are recited before the meal. The remaining psalms 886:(frogs) – An infestation of frogs sprang up in Egypt 671:

over the heads of all those present while chanting:

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Text that sets forth the order of the Passover Seder

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The Hagada – Peninei Halakha, HaRav Eliezer Melamed

824:who did not survive to ask a question or represent 741:Why is this night different from all other nights? 196:Page from the Golden Haggadah, probably Barcelona, 2402: 2091: 1313:will soon be rebuilt. The last song to be sung is 1139:is recited because the Third Cup also serves as a 479:, made in Germany around the 1320s and now in the 2090:Scherman, Nosson; Zlotowitz, Meir, eds. (1994) . 2085: 2083: 1919:, "Mosheh, our Master"; who must be initiated is 2195:"Chabad.org: 11. Shulchan Orech – set the table" 1224:(the Great Hallel) is then recited, followed by 813:And the one who does not know to ask is told, " 1897: 1895: 1710:"Hebrew manuscripts; the John Rylands Library" 1660:. Jerusalem: The Israel Museum. Archived from 242:In post-Talmudic times, during the era of the 3029: 2503: 8: 2479:Several English translations of the Haggadah 880:(blood) – All the water was changed to blood 4518:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation 627:(older Sephardi custom; still common among 3198: 3036: 3022: 3014: 2896: 2727: 2718: 2621: 2570: 2510: 2496: 2488: 1996:. Congress of Secular Jewish Organizations 1712:. Library.manchester.ac.uk. Archived from 1513:"The Four Sons: How the Midrash Developed" 1488:"The Mekhilta: Halakhic Midrash on Exodus" 1303:L'shanah haba'ah b'Yerushalayim hab'nuyah! 939:(darkness) – Egypt was covered in darkness 859:with a strong hand and an outstretched arm 106:with a strong hand and an outstretched arm 85:to tell their children the story from the 2265:Eisenberg, Joyce; Scolnic, Ellen (2006). 1603:"101 Years of the Maxwell House Haggadah" 3065:Index of Jewish history-related articles 1293:– Next year in Jerusalem!" Jews in 861:, and with great terribleness, and with 531:Passover Seder according to the Haggadah 458: 4564:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 1360: 1305:– Next year in the rebuilt Jerusalem!" 1132:The drinking of the Third Cup of Wine. 515:Other illuminated Haggadot include the 1969:"The Four Children - Jewish Tradition" 1943:Israel Koschitzky Virtual Beit Midrash 1443:Taub, Jonathan; Shaw, Yisroel (1993). 933:(locusts) – Locusts swarmed over Egypt 701:, inscribed with the opening words of 287:literature are added, as the story of 73:text that sets forth the order of the 1658:"Birds' Head Haggadah, Germany, 1300" 545:(blessings and the first cup of wine) 7: 1212:, are recited at this point (in the 1237:which normally follows Hallel, and 1018:The blessing for the eating of the 849:, the God of our parents, and the L 279:and from a parallel passage in the 62: 4511:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 4491:American Jewish Historical Society 1255:in its entirety. Sephardim recite 275:. This division is taken from the 170:), while others maintain this was 25: 927:(hail) – Hail rained from the sky 697:A bronze matzo plate designed by 552:is the Hebrew imperative form of 211:, and of which, according to the 4675: 4662: 4661: 2465:Yale University Haggadah Exhibit 2455:My Jewish Learning: The Haggadah 2401:Yerushalmi, Yosef Hayim (1974). 574: 2426:A Haggadah For The Nonobservant 1102:. After the consumption of the 638:(breaking of the middle matzah) 4583:Relations with other religions 857:brought us forth out of Egypt 252:were added; most likely Rabbi 1: 4570:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 2098:. Mesorah Publications, Ltd. 1601:Cohen, Anne (23 March 2013). 394: 257: 197: 164: 153: 134: 44: 4501:Leo Baeck Institute New York 4496:American Sephardi Federation 2469:You Shall Tell Your Children 2360:Schneerson, Rabbi Menachem M 1901:Talmud Bavli, Pesachim, 116a 789:It is because God acted for 785:What is this service to you? 3324:Constantinopolitan Karaites 2963:Challah from Shmurah Matzah 1002:(blessings over the Matzah) 802:The simple son, who asks, " 783:The wicked son, who asks, " 4730: 4552:National Library of Israel 3193:Zionism, race and genetics 2917:Eve of Passover on Shabbat 2565:White House Passover Seder 2306:Machzor Kimcha De-Avishuna 2267:Dictionary of Jewish Words 1297:, and especially those in 1279: 1084: 762: 726: 686: 606: 534: 493:Metropolitan Museum of Art 26: 4650: 4506:Yeshiva University Museum 4486:Center for Jewish History 3055: 2370:Kehot Publication Society 1915:, defined precisely also 1259:alone after Nishmat. The 1247:. Most Ashkenazim recite 1243:, which normally follows 991:(ritual washing of hands) 917:(boils) – An epidemic of 683:(invitation to the Seder) 281:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael 239:in the third century CE. 3098:Ancient Israel and Judah 2860:Flourless chocolate cake 2383:Artscroll youth haggadah 1148:Kos shel Eliyahu ha-Navi 172:Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak 3474:North African Sephardim 3447:Jewish tribes of Arabia 2424:Mishkin, Edwin (2010). 1166:3:66 among Ashkenazim. 1128:(the Third Cup of Wine) 921:afflicted the Egyptians 863:signs, and with wonders 523:, and the 20th-century 502:Published in 1526, the 455:Illuminated manuscripts 336:Modern Orthodox Judaism 4577:Holocaust Encyclopedia 4547:Jewish Virtual Library 2685:Maxwell House Haggadah 2375:Scherman, Rabbi Nosson 1630:"Letter to the Editor" 1067: 1051:were eaten together.) 705: 597:do recite a blessing. 472: 449:Maxwell House Haggadah 386: 321:During the era of the 204: 161:Rav Nachman bar Yaakov 144:to be quoted therein. 50: 4524:Encyclopaedia Judaica 4306:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 3491:Sephardic Bnei Anusim 3241:Udmurt and Tatar Jews 2912:Fast of the Firstborn 2379:Zlotowitz, Rabbi Meir 1486:Lauterbach, Jacob Z, 1066:A Seder table setting 1065: 696: 663:(relating the Exodus) 621:(Sephardi custom) or 607:Further information: 566:, but also refers to 462: 381: 367:form around 1000 CE. 195: 140:), who is the latest 65:, "telling"; plural: 42: 3103:Second Temple period 2680:Birds' Head Haggadah 2405:Haggadah and History 2387:Mesorah Publications 1591:Yerushalmi pp. 23–24 1511:Farber, Zev (2019), 806:" is answered with " 723:(The Four Questions) 564:pilgrimage festivals 477:Birds' Head Haggadah 469:Birds' Head Haggadah 410:Birds' Head Haggadah 393:(probably Barcelona 340:Conservative Judaism 289:Eliezer ben Hurcanus 4541:Jewish Encyclopedia 4286:Hekhalot literature 4097:Religious movements 3632:Judeo-Tripolitanian 2700:Washington Haggadah 2094:The Family Haggadah 1994:"CSJO: Fifth Child" 1635:Commentary Magazine 1445:The Malbim Haggadah 1113:(Grace after Meals) 773:The wise son asks " 521:Washington Haggadah 414:Washington Haggadah 209:Temple in Jerusalem 4704:Haggadah of Pesach 4682:Judaism portal 4618:Jews and Halloween 4613:Jews and Christmas 4003:Rabbinic authority 3755:Judaeo-Piedmontese 3188:Xueta Christianity 3093:Origins of Judaism 3060:Outline of Judaism 2922:Passover sacrifice 2675:Amsterdam Haggadah 2598:Maror and Chazeret 2555:"Outstretched Arm" 2319:Rodelheim Haggadah 1937:Bazak, Rav Amnon. 1492:My Jewish Learning 1394:"Pesachim 116a:12" 1369:"Pesachim 116a:11" 1344:The Exodus Decoded 1301:, recite instead " 1268:Meir of Rothenburg 1068: 896:were afflicted by 706: 483:in Jerusalem. The 473: 421:Guadalajara, Spain 387: 355:Manuscript history 248:, selections from 205: 150:Samuel of Nehardea 51: 4709:Positive Mitzvoth 4691: 4690: 4657:extinct languages 4558:YIVO Encyclopedia 4333:Hebrew literature 4301:Sefer HaEtz Chaim 4141:Reconstructionist 3819:Judaeo-Portuguese 3508: 3507: 3464:Eastern Sephardim 3108:Synagogal Judaism 3011: 3010: 3007: 3006: 2888: 2887: 2817: 2816: 2708: 2707: 2690:Sarajevo Haggadah 2611: 2610: 2435:978-0-557-28494-8 2428:. Raleigh: lulu. 2416:978-0-8276-0046-1 2105:978-0-89906-178-8 1454:978-1-56871-007-5 1192:(songs of praise) 1137:Grace after Meals 517:Sarajevo Haggadah 465:Exodus from Egypt 429:Soncino, Lombardy 406:Sarajevo Haggadah 213:school of Shammai 16:(Redirected from 4721: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4665: 4664: 3797:Judeo-Golpaygani 3398:Palestinian Jews 3373:Alexandrian Jews 3329:Crimean Karaites 3246:Unterlander Jews 3199: 3113:Rabbinic Judaism 3038: 3031: 3024: 3015: 2897: 2728: 2719: 2622: 2571: 2512: 2505: 2498: 2489: 2439: 2420: 2408: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2328: 2322: 2315: 2309: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2277: 2271: 2270: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2116: 2110: 2109: 2097: 2087: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2059: 2053: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2012: 2006: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1990: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1934: 1928: 1908: 1902: 1899: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1875: 1869: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1850: 1844: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1791: 1785: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1741: 1735: 1734:Yerushalmi p. 34 1732: 1726: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1706: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1680: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1626: 1620: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1598: 1592: 1589: 1583: 1561: 1555: 1552: 1546: 1542: 1536: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1523: 1517:www.thetorah.com 1508: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1483: 1477: 1474: 1468: 1465: 1459: 1458: 1447:. 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1373:www.sefaria.org 1367: 1366: 1362: 1357: 1340: 1291:b'Yerushalayim! 1289:L'Shana Haba'ah 1284: 1278: 1216:section, after 1194: 1156: 1141:Cup of Blessing 1130: 1117:The recital of 1115: 1089: 1083: 1077:(eating of the 1060: 1037: 1016: 1004: 993: 943:Makkat Bechorot 854: 850: 846: 841: 836:Four verses in 834: 767: 761: 731: 725: 699:Maurice Ascalon 691: 685: 665: 640: 611: 605: 580: 547: 539: 533: 457: 431:in 1486 by the 402:British Library 397: 391:Golden Haggadah 357: 260: 200: 167: 156: 137: 119: 114: 47: 35: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4727: 4725: 4717: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4696: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4671: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4644: 4643: 4642: 4641: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4624:non-Christian 4622: 4621: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4580: 4573: 4566: 4561: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4520: 4515: 4514: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4482: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4427: 4426: 4416: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4399: 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3750:Judeo-Italian 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3650: 3647: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3605:Judeo-Amazigh 3603: 3601: 3598: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3529: 3526: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3515: 3511: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3428:Hadhrami Jews 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3393:Mountain Jews 3391: 3389: 3388:Egyptian Jews 3386: 3384: 3383:Bukharan Jews 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3364: 3361: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3273: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3256: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3171:Lists of Jews 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3039: 3034: 3032: 3027: 3025: 3020: 3019: 3016: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2989:Song of Songs 2987: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2943: 2940: 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August 1969 1637: 1636: 1631: 1625: 1622: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1597: 1594: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573:1-4985-0293-8 1570: 1566: 1560: 1557: 1551: 1548: 1541: 1538: 1532: 1529: 1518: 1514: 1507: 1504: 1493: 1489: 1482: 1479: 1473: 1470: 1467:Pesachim 116a 1464: 1461: 1456: 1450: 1446: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1414: 1411: 1399: 1395: 1389: 1386: 1374: 1370: 1364: 1361: 1354: 1350: 1349:Szyk Haggadah 1347: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1332:Song of Songs 1328: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1290: 1283: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1229: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1153: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1094: 1088: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1064: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1001: 998: 996: 990: 987: 985: 983: 979: 978: 973: 969: 965: 964: 958: 956: 953: 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 929: 926: 923: 920: 916: 913: 910: 907: 904: 901: 899: 895: 892:(lice) – The 891: 888: 885: 882: 879: 876: 875: 874: 872: 866: 864: 860: 839: 831: 829: 827: 823: 818: 816: 811: 809: 805: 804:What is this? 800: 798: 796: 792: 786: 781: 780: 776: 771: 766: 765:The Four Sons 759:The Four Sons 758: 753: 750: 747: 744: 743: 742: 739: 736: 730: 722: 719: 717: 715: 711: 704: 700: 695: 690: 682: 679: 677: 674: 673:Moroccan Jews 670: 662: 659: 657: 655: 654: 649: 645: 637: 634: 632: 630: 629:Yemenite Jews 626: 625: 620: 616: 610: 603: 600: 598: 596: 595:Gaon of Vilna 592: 587: 585: 577: 572: 569: 565: 561: 557: 556: 551: 544: 541: 538: 530: 528: 526: 525:Szyk Haggadah 522: 518: 513: 510: 505: 500: 496: 494: 490: 486: 482: 481:Israel Museum 478: 470: 466: 461: 454: 452: 450: 446: 441: 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 417: 415: 411: 407: 403: 392: 384: 380: 376: 374: 373:Mishneh Torah 370: 366: 362: 354: 348: 345: 341: 337: 334: 331: 328: 327: 326: 324: 323:Enlightenment 319: 317: 314:and also the 313: 308: 304: 302: 296: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 255: 251: 247: 246: 240: 238: 233: 231: 230: 224: 222: 218: 214: 210: 194: 190: 188: 184: 183:Judah ha-Nasi 180: 177:However, the 175: 173: 168: 280 CE 162: 157: 230 CE 151: 147: 143: 138: 170 CE 132: 128: 124: 116: 111: 109: 107: 103: 99: 96: 93:bringing the 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 60: 56: 41: 37: 30: 19: 4673: 4666: 4652: 4575: 4568: 4556: 4539: 4522: 4356:perspectives 4190:Samaritanism 4151:Neo-Hasidism 4131:Conservative 4045:Names of God 3954: 3935: 3745:Judaeo-Greek 3740:Judeo-Gascon 3679:Lishán Didán 3674:Lishana Deni 3642:Judeo-Yemeni 3610:Judeo-Arabic 3484:Meshuchrarim 3403:Persian Jews 3336:Kurdish Jews 3314:Kaifeng Jews 3263:Beta Abraham 3226:Galitzianers 3181:Antisemitism 3156:Israeli Jews 3141:Assimilation 2951:Laws/customs 2942:Pesach Sheni 2839:Potato kugel 2822:Main courses 2794:René Neymann 2789:Manischewitz 2763:Matzah pizza 2659:Vehi Sheamda 2616: 2481:, hosted by 2468: 2425: 2404: 2382: 2363: 2354:Bibliography 2339:. Retrieved 2335: 2326: 2313: 2300: 2288:. Retrieved 2284: 2275: 2266: 2260: 2248:. Retrieved 2244: 2235: 2223:. Retrieved 2219: 2210: 2200:22 September 2198:. Retrieved 2189: 2177:. Retrieved 2173: 2164: 2152:. Retrieved 2148: 2139: 2127:. Retrieved 2123: 2114: 2093: 2070:. Retrieved 2066: 2057: 2045:. Retrieved 2041: 2032: 2020:. Retrieved 2018:. Chabad.org 2010: 1998:. Retrieved 1988: 1976:. Retrieved 1972: 1963: 1951:. Retrieved 1947:the original 1942: 1932: 1916: 1906: 1884:21 September 1882:. Retrieved 1873: 1861:. Retrieved 1857: 1848: 1839: 1827:. Retrieved 1823: 1814: 1802:. Retrieved 1798: 1789: 1777:. Retrieved 1773: 1764: 1752:. Retrieved 1748: 1739: 1730: 1718:. Retrieved 1714:the original 1704: 1692:. Retrieved 1688:the original 1678: 1666:. Retrieved 1662:the original 1652: 1640:. Retrieved 1633: 1624: 1612:. Retrieved 1606: 1596: 1587: 1581:google books 1564: 1559: 1550: 1540: 1531: 1520:, retrieved 1516: 1506: 1495:, retrieved 1491: 1481: 1476:Pesachim 34b 1472: 1463: 1444: 1438: 1426: 1413: 1401:. Retrieved 1397: 1388: 1376:. Retrieved 1372: 1363: 1329: 1314: 1307: 1302: 1287: 1285: 1274: 1265: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1238: 1234: 1232: 1225: 1217: 1213: 1195: 1189: 1180: 1171: 1168: 1164:Lamentations 1157: 1154:the Prophet) 1147: 1134: 1131: 1125: 1116: 1110: 1103: 1099: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1055: 1048: 1040: 1038: 1032: 1023: 1019: 1017: 1011: 1005: 1000:Motzi Matzah 999: 994: 988: 975: 968:Paschal lamb 961: 959: 948: 942: 936: 930: 924: 914: 908: 902: 889: 883: 877: 867: 835: 819: 814: 812: 807: 803: 801: 794: 790: 788: 784: 782: 778: 774: 772: 768: 740: 732: 721:Ma Nishtanah 720: 707: 702: 680: 666: 660: 651: 641: 635: 622: 618: 614: 612: 601: 588: 581: 578:(wash hands) 575: 559: 553: 549: 548: 542: 514: 501: 497: 474: 437: 418: 388: 358: 320: 309: 305: 297: 268: 243: 241: 236: 234: 227: 225: 221:Rabbi Tarfon 206: 176: 120: 66: 54: 52: 36: 4598:Catholicism 4180:Hellenistic 4018:Eschatology 3956:Lachoudisch 3881:Lotegorisch 3859:Lachoudisch 3849:Koiné Greek 3762:Judeo-Latin 3699:Palestinian 3593:Palestinian 3442:Mustaʿravim 3368:Afghan Jews 3356:Berber Jews 3280:Bene Israel 3268:Falash Mura 3258:Beta Israel 3176:Persecution 3118:Middle Ages 2927:Chol HaMoed 2900:Observances 2875:Marunchinos 2768:Matzoquiles 2758:Matzah meal 2748:Matzah brei 2743:Matzah ball 2560:Ten Plagues 2550:Ma Nishtana 2362:. (1946), 1973:yahadut.org 1608:Forward.com 1257:Yehalelukha 1249:Yehalelukha 1235:Yehalelukha 1126:Kos Shlishi 1028:and eaten. 884:Tzefardeyah 871:Ten Plagues 838:Deuteronomy 797:left Egypt. 729:Ma Nishtana 669:Seder plate 445:manuscripts 398: 1320 361:Saadia Gaon 267:. Of these 201: 1320 48: 1420 4698:Categories 4593:Anabaptism 4535:Jew (word) 4402:Leadership 4215:Literature 4200:Secularism 4146:Humanistic 4013:Conversion 3983:Philosophy 3824:Judeo-Urdu 3588:Babylonian 3433:Saada Jews 3418:Adeni Jews 3211:Ashkenazim 3166:Samaritans 3133:Population 3088:Israelites 2865:Hadji bada 2855:Egg kichel 2738:Chremslach 2639:Chad Gadya 2540:The Exodus 2000:18 October 1642:4 February 1355:References 1321:Vilna Gaon 1316:Chad Gadya 1253:Yishtabakh 1240:Yishtabakh 1058:(the meal) 1035:(sandwich) 793:sake when 648:Vilna Gaon 615:salt water 584:Jewish law 404:) and the 369:Maimonides 316:Samaritans 261: 850 254:Amram Gaon 174:(360 CE). 146:Abba Arika 117:Authorship 95:Israelites 4655:indicate 4603:Mormonism 4588:Christian 4468:Symbolism 4456:Synagogue 4436:Mythology 4397:Education 4368:Astronomy 4351:Astrology 4168:relations 3973:Zarphatic 3921:Galitzish 3723:Yeshivish 3600:Catalanic 3563:Samaritan 3538:Ashkenazi 3519:Diasporic 3514:Languages 3459:Sephardim 3454:Romaniote 3341:Krymchaks 3275:Desi Jews 3151:Buddhists 2973:Gebrochts 2937:Isru Chag 2893:Religious 2804:Rakusen's 2777:Companies 2332:"Mercava" 2281:"Mercava" 2241:"Mercava" 2216:"Mercava" 2170:"Mercava" 2145:"Mercava" 2120:"Mercava" 2063:"Mercava" 2038:"Mercava" 1854:"Mercava" 1820:"Mercava" 1795:"Mercava" 1770:"Mercava" 1745:"Mercava" 1720:15 August 1694:15 August 1299:Jerusalem 1222:Psalm 136 894:Egyptians 269:midrashim 250:midrashim 4668:Category 4638:Hinduism 4628:Buddhism 4530:Genetics 4446:Politics 4419:Marriage 4378:Holidays 4373:Calendar 4254:Rabbinic 4230:/Hebrew 4175:Haymanot 4102:Orthodox 4089:Branches 4062:Kabbalah 4057:Haskalah 4035:Holiness 3911:dialects 3891:Shassagh 3854:Krymchak 3834:Kayliñña 3728:Yinglish 3704:Galilean 3694:Talmudic 3689:Biblical 3664:Betanure 3583:Biblical 3578:Mishnaic 3573:Medieval 3558:Tiberian 3553:Yemenite 3543:Sephardi 3479:Paradesi 3423:Ḥabbanim 3413:Teimanim 3378:Baghdadi 3351:Maghrebi 3319:Karaites 3297:Gruzínim 3285:Kochinim 3203:Diaspora 3161:Karaites 3146:Atheists 3083:Timeline 2968:Kitniyot 2880:Meringue 2870:Macaroon 2848:Desserts 2784:Streit's 2617:Haggadah 2588:Charoset 2535:Afikoman 2519:Passover 2341:28 April 2317:See the 2290:28 April 2250:28 April 2225:28 April 2179:28 April 2154:28 April 2129:28 April 2072:28 April 2047:28 April 2022:20 March 1953:12 March 1863:28 April 1829:28 April 1804:28 April 1779:26 April 1754:26 April 1614:17 April 1522:12 March 1497:12 March 1338:See also 1325:allegory 1150:(cup of 1104:afikoman 1100:afikoman 1093:afikoman 1087:Afikoman 1079:afikoman 1025:charoset 989:Rachtzah 952:mnemonic 937:Choshech 653:afikoman 624:charoset 576:Ur'chatz 425:colophon 412:and the 312:Karaites 273:Passover 127:Talmudic 123:Mishnaic 81:to each 67:Haggadot 63:הַגָּדָה 55:Haggadah 4653:Italics 4478:Studies 4424:Divorce 4390:Kashrut 4385:Cuisine 4343:Culture 4274:Midrash 4269:Tosefta 4259:Mishnah 4247:Ketuvim 4242:Nevi'im 4205:Schisms 4195:Science 4185:Karaite 4156:Renewal 4117:Litvaks 4112:Hasidic 4067:Sefirot 4052:Halakha 4023:Messiah 3996:Mitzvah 3991:Beliefs 3945:Western 3931:Poylish 3926:Litvish 3916:Eastern 3906:Yiddish 3901:Shuadit 3886:Qwareña 3874:Tetuani 3869:Haketia 3844:Knaanic 3839:Kivruli 3787:Bukhori 3733:Heblish 3669:Hulaulá 3659:Barzani 3615:Yahudic 3548:Mizrahi 3408:Urfalim 3363:Mizrahi 3307:Neofiti 3302:Italkim 3231:Lita'im 3123:Zionism 3075:History 3049:Judaism 2982:Prayers 2958:Chametz 2932:Mimouna 2829:Brisket 2634:Adir Hu 2583:Beitzah 2483:Sefaria 2336:Mercava 2285:Mercava 2245:Mercava 2220:Mercava 2174:Mercava 2149:Mercava 2124:Mercava 2067:Mercava 2042:Mercava 1978:3 April 1858:Mercava 1824:Mercava 1799:Mercava 1774:Mercava 1749:Mercava 1668:2 March 1419:Tosafot 1403:3 April 1378:3 April 1275:Nirtzah 1245:Nishmat 1227:Nishmat 1218:Bareich 1111:Bareich 1033:Koreich 955:acronym 915:Sh'chin 735:Mishnah 714:Halakha 710:Aramaic 636:Yachatz 619:vinegar 593:or the 560:Kiddush 558:. 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