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249:. The slaughter could be performed by a layman, although the rituals dealing with the blood and fat had to be carried out by a priest. The blood had to be collected by a priest, and rows of priests with gold or silver cups in their hands stood in line from the Temple court to the altar, where the blood was sprinkled. These cups were rounded on the bottom so that they could not be set down, because the blood might thus coagulate. The priest who caught the blood as it dropped from the sacrificial animal then handed the cup to the priest next to him, receiving from him an empty one, and the full cup was passed along the line until it reached the last priest, who sprinkled its contents on the altar. The lamb was then hung upon special hooks or sticks and skinned; but if the eve of the Passover fell on a
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with the celebration of bath and meal. Even here, this relationship does not suddenly appear, but represents developments in ritual narrative that mus have begun at the very inception of the
Christian message. Jesus of Nazareth was crucifed during Pesach-Mazzot, an event that a new covenant people of Jews and Gentiles both saw as definitive and defining. Ex 12 is thus one of the few reliable guides for tracing the synergism among ritual, text, and kerygma before the Council of Nicaea.
368:, the space between the Temple wall and the Temple hall, while the third group remained in the Temple court, thus awaiting the evening, when they took their lambs home and roasted them on a spit of pomegranate-wood, On all other days, they could do it before nightfall (and if the 15th of Nissan fell to be on the Sabbath they would have to). No bones might be broken either during the cooking or during the eating. The lamb was set on the table at the evening banquet (see
393:, thus forming one of the sacrifices in which the meal is the principal part and indicates the community between God and man. It is really a house or family sacrifice, and each household is regarded as constituting a small community in itself, not only because the lamb is eaten at home, but also because every member of the family is obliged to partake of the meal, although each male must be circumcised in order for it to be permissible for him to eat, and all must be
352:, which were offered together with the Passover lamb, were omitted if the eve of the Passover fell on a Sabbath, or if the sacrifice was offered in a state of uncleanness, or if the number of participants was so small that they could not consume all the meat. When the sacrifice was completed and the animal was ready for roasting, each one present carried his lamb home, except when the eve of the Passover fell on a Sabbath, in which case it might not be taken away.
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and girls also might take part in the banquet and eat of the sacrifice. The following benediction was pronounced before eating the lamb: "Blessed be Thou, the
Eternal, our God, the King of the world, who hast sanctified us by Thy commands, and hast ordained that we should eat the Passover." The Hallel was recited during the meal, and when the lamb had been eaten the meaning of the custom was explained, and the story of the Exodus was told.
238:(laying on of hands), although it was obligatory to determine who were to take part in the sacrifice that the slaughtering might take place with the proper intentions. Only those who were circumcised and clean before the Law might participate, and they were forbidden to have leavened food in their possession during the act of slaughtering the Passover lamb. The animal was slain on the eve of the Passover, on the afternoon of the 14th of
425:, and petitioned the Israeli High Court of Justice for permission. The Court sided with the government and rejected the request, holding that such an event would inflame religious tensions and would threaten security. The incident was a successor to a series of earlier attempts by various groups to perform such a sacrifice, either openly or by subterfuge.
397:. The fact that the Passover lamb might be killed only at the central sanctuary of Jerusalem, on the other hand, implies that each household was but a member of the larger community; this is indicated also by the national character of the sacrifice, which kept alive in the memory of the nation the preservation and liberation of the entire people.
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in
Jerusalem attempted to ascend the Temple Mount carrying baby goats intended to be used as Passover sacrifices on Friday afternoon, as they do every year. Jerusalem police detained ten suspects in the Old City for interrogation, and seized four sacrificial goat kids. Among those arrested were Kach
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113-118), accompanied by instruments of brass. If the
Levites finished their recitation before the priests had completed the sacrifice, they repeated the Hallel, although it never happened that they had to repeat it twice. As soon as the first group had offered their sacrifice, the gates were opened
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12:24-27) that this observance should be repeated annually for all time once the
Israelites entered into their promised land. Exodus 12:25 "It will come to pass when you come to the land which the Lord will give you, just as He promised, that you shall keep this service (NKJV). This so-called "Pesaḥ
843:
A number of features throughout
Revelation seem to correspond to Exodus 12: The connection of Lamb and Passover, a salvific effect of the Lamb's blood and the punishment of God's (and His people's) opponents from Exodus 12 may possibly be reflected within the settings of the Apocalypse. The concept
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Even if the eve of the
Passover fell on a Sabbath, the Passover lamb was killed in the manner described above, the blood was sprinkled on the altar, the entrails removed and cleansed, and the fat offered on the altar; these four ceremonies in the case of the Passover lamb were alone exempt from the
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Long before this controversy, Ex 12 as a story of origins and its ritual expression had been firmly fixed in the
Christian imagination. Though before the final decades of the second century only accessible as an exegetical tradition, already in the Paulin letters the Exodus saga is deeply involved
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or other food. The sacrifice had to be consumed entirely that same evening, nothing being allowed to remain overnight. While eating it, the entire company of those who partook was obliged to remain together, and every participant had to take a piece of the lamb at least as large as an olive. Women
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The Lord spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, on the first new moon of the second year following the exodus from the land of Egypt, saying: Let the
Israelite people offer the passover sacrifice at its set time: you shall offer it on the fourteenth day of this month, at twilight, at its set
253:, the skin was removed down to the breast only. The abdomen was then cut open, and the fatty portions intended for the altar were taken out, placed in a vessel, salted, and offered by the priest on the altar, while the remaining entrails likewise were taken out and cleansed.
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The people taking part in the sacrifice were divided into three groups. The first of these filled the court of the Temple, so that the gates had to be closed, and while they were killing and offering their
Passover lambs the
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443:
The annual attempt to ascend the Temple Mount to perform the sacrifice in 2022 spawned widespread rumors of Jewish extremists supposedly planning to enter the Al-Aqsa Compound, inciting a riot which ultimately led to the
206:, one year after the Exodus, was the sacrifice offered. For the next 39 years there was no offering, according to Rashi, as God stipulated that it could only be offered after the Children of Israel had entered the
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l.c.), differs in many respects from the Passover of Egypt (Pesaḥ Miẓrayim). In the pre-exilic period, however, Passover was rarely sacrificed in accordance with the legal prescriptions (comp.
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116. It was called the "group of the lazy" because it came last. Even if the majority of the people were ritually unclean on the eve of the Passover, the sacrifice was offered on the 14th of
210:. In fact, the bringing of the Passover sacrifice resumed only after the Israelites had taken possession of the land, and then the sacrifice was made annually until during the times when
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All three groups offered their sacrifice in the manner described, while the Hallel was recited; but the third group was so small that it had always finished before the Levites reached
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of Christ as a Passover lamb is generally not unknown in NT or early Christian literature, as can for instance be seen in 1 Corinthians 5:7, 1 Peter 1:19 or Justin Martyr's writing (
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266:, the assembly of the congregation of Israel; ten are needed for the assembly, ten for the congregation, and ten for Israel. According to some Talmudic authorities, such as
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non-priests were able to slaughter their Passover sacrifices (though not manipulate the blood and fat) until the very last days of the Temple (Philo, QE 1: 10)
138:, the blood of this sacrifice painted on the door-posts of the Israelites was to be a sign to God, when passing through the land to slay the first-born of the
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activist Noam Federman, who attempts to make the sacrifice every year, and Rafael Morris, an activist in the Temple Mount Faithful movement.
432:, claiming its conduct of a practice Passover sacrifice demonstration would constitute animal cruelty. An Israeli court rejected the claim.
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or goat, had to be a male, one year old, and without blemish. Each family or society offered one animal together, which did not require the
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stood and functioned. During this time there was a definite ritual for the offering, in addition to the regulations prescribed by the
242:, after the Tamid sacrifice had been slaughtered, i.e., at three o'clock, or, in case the eve of the Passover fell on Friday, at two.
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of at least ten people, the Korban Pesach must be offered before a quorum of thirty—it must be performed in front of
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In 2008, the animal rights group Let the Animals Live (Tnoo Lachayot Lichyot in Hebrew) founded in 1986, sued the
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The Destroyer and the Lamb: The Relationship Between Angelomorphic and Lamb Christology in the Book of Revelation
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848:. 111:3). In the Gospel of John, especially, this connection between Christ and Passover is made very explicit.
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222:. The following is a brief summary of the principal ordinances and of the ritual accompanying the sacrifice:
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110:. Although practiced by Jews in ancient times, the sacrifice is today not performed by the vast majority of
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If the 14th of Nissan fell on the Sabbath, the first group stationed itself on the mount of the
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to let them out, and their places were taken by the second and third groups successively.
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who was a butcher, made plans for conducting a Passover sacrifice on the
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202:, on Numbers 9:1, only once during their forty years of wandering in the
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545: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
493: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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759:"Clashes Erupt at Jerusalem Holy Site on Day With Overlapping Holidays"
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619:"Court prevents groups from sacrificing live animals at Temple Mount"
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time; you shall offer it in accordance with all its rites and rules
106:. According to the Torah, it was first offered on the night of the
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that night, that he should pass by the houses of the Israelites (
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Judge Rules Paschal Sacrifice Practice 'Proper,' Appeal Filed
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Dorot," the Passover of succeeding generations (Mishnah
502:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Passover Sacrifice".
98:, and eat lamb on the first night of the holiday with
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The slaughtering took place in the courtyard of the
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757:Kingsley, Patrick; Abdulrahim, Raja (2022-04-15).
380:The Passover sacrifice belongs to the category of
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584:. In Rogerson, J. W.; Lieu, Judith M. (eds.).
872:
617:Shargai, Nadav; Barkat, Amiram (2007-02-04),
8:
551:Executive Committee of the Editorial Board,
793:The Antenicene Pascha: A Rhetorical History
464:, who is consequently also given the title
230:The sacrificial animal, which was either a
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588:. Oxford University Press. p. 341.
435:In 2016, Jewish activists pushing for a
386:that are eaten by the owner (similar to
150:this is called the "Passover of Egypt" (
841:Christ as the Passover Lamb from Exodus
644:"Rabbis aim to renew animal sacrifices"
586:The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies
513:
401:Modern attempts to revive the sacrifice
274:for offering the passover sacrifice (B.
582:"Priesthood, Temple(s), and Sacrifice"
684:from the original on 27 November 2022
405:In 2007, a group of rabbis including
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821:Matthias Reinhard Hoffmann (2005).
740:, Israeli National News, 2008-04-08
716:from the original on 30 August 2016
287:prohibition against working on the
282:Timing: Passover Eve on the Sabbath
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796:. Peeters Publishers. p. 21.
34:Practice of Passover sacrifice by
25:
158:ix. 5). It was further ordained (
569:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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508:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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462:crucifixion and death of Jesus
311:The three groups of lay people
256:While most services require a
1:
827:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 117.
652:, 2007-02-28, archived from
446:2022 Al-Aqsa Mosque storming
1332:Challah from Shmurah Matzah
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1286:Eve of Passover on Shabbat
934:White House Passover Seder
364:, the second group in the
348:, on the contrary, called
409:and other members of the
194:Rabbinical interpretation
1229:Flourless chocolate cake
580:Hayward, Robert (2006).
1393:Jewish animal sacrifice
566:The Jewish Encyclopedia
553:Jacob Zallel Lauterbach
505:The Jewish Encyclopedia
270:, women counted in the
27:Ancient Jewish practice
1054:Maxwell House Haggadah
563:; et al. (eds.).
226:The sacrificial animal
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36:Temple Mount activists
1281:Fast of the Firstborn
790:Karl Gerlach (1998).
415:Temple Mount Faithful
411:New Sanhedrin Council
70:), also known as the
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1049:Birds' Head Haggadah
678:Let the Animals Live
557:"Passover Sacrifice"
1069:Washington Haggadah
452:In other traditions
362:Temple in Jerusalem
247:Temple at Jerusalem
1291:Passover sacrifice
1044:Amsterdam Haggadah
967:Maror and Chazeret
924:"Outstretched Arm"
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264:kahal adat yisrael
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48:Passover sacrifice
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1158:Manischewitz
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1269:Observances
1244:Marunchinos
1137:Matzoquiles
1127:Matzah meal
1117:Matzah brei
1112:Matzah ball
929:Ten Plagues
919:Ma Nishtana
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466:Lamb of God
188:translation
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116:Beta Israel
1387:Categories
1234:Hadji bada
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1107:Chremslach
1008:Chad Gadya
909:The Exodus
834:3161487788
776:2022-04-16
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484:References
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957:Charoset
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472:See also
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1351:Prayers
1327:Chametz
1301:Mimouna
1198:Brisket
1003:Adir Hu
952:Beitzah
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704:"אודות"
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