590:
1883:
30:
1895:
556:Паспортная система была важнейшим орудием полицейского воздействия и податной политики в т.н. «полицейском государстве»… Особо тягостная для трудовых масс, паспортная система стеснительна и для гражданского общества буржуазного гос-ва, к-рое упраздняет или ослабляет её. Советское право не знает паспортной системы.
125:
his or her father (if known), mother (if single); however both parents were not limited in their choice. Unlike the pre-revolutionary "metriks", civilian documents of new Soviet authorities said nothing of parents' religion. Also, due to the non-clerical status of the birth registration, information about "
124:
As it was before the revolution, the "metriks" records (both in the books and in the excerpts given to the parents) contained such critical identification information as: date and place of birth, name and sex of a child, full names of his parents (if known). By default, a child inherited a surname of
195:
Soviet passports did not identify gender, although patronymics are gendered. In the early days they recorded "social origin" and "social position". They recorded nationality, which might include what in other contexts would be regarded as ethnicity, such as Jewish or
Crimean Tatar. If both parents
165:(executive governmental offices). The ID cards were valid for three years and could have a photo pasted on. Neither photos nor ID cards were obligatory. The system of residential registration existed, but any personal documents were valid for this purpose and the registration, although known as
624:
612:
There is a story about how Stalin blocked peasants' movement from the regions of starvation to the areas where there might have been more food. The regime's motivation for this was to prevent the spread of disease that accompanied the famine that the regime caused, however
120:
which laid the legal and institutional framework for the organisation of registration and statistics of the three major type of life events: birth, marriage/divorce, and death. Once run by the church, all this paperwork was transferred to the state authorities.
196:
had the same this was that of the children. If it differed the child could choose which nationality to adopt at the age of 16. Children were normally listed in the passport of their mother. Men's passport might include liability for child support.
230:. The declared purposes were the improvement of population bookkeeping in various urban settlements and "the removal of persons not engaged in industrial or other socially-useful work from towns and the cleansing of towns from hiding
205:
372:. It made passports obligatory for all citizens older than sixteen years in all non-rural settlements. Rural residents could not leave their place of residence for more than thirty days, and even for this leave a permit from a
81:(established 29 December 1922). Pre-revolutionary passports continued to be used as identification, but large sections of the adult population had no passports at all: many peasants, soldiers and officers, prisoners, etc.
44:
was an organisational framework of the single national civil registration system based upon identification documents, and managed in accordance with the laws by ministries and other governmental bodies authorised by the
149:
issued on 20 June 1923, which abolished all previously existing travel and residence permit documents (but allowed various documents for personal identification). Urban population had to obtain ID cards at the local
802:
385:
After the First
Congress of Collective Farm Workers in the summer of 1969, the Council of Ministers of the USSR relieved rural residents from procedural difficulties in obtaining a Soviet passport.
274:. The document declared that all citizens at least sixteen years old residing in cities, towns, and urban workers' settlements, as well as those residing within one hundred kilometres (62 miles) of
1206:
1189:
1236:
1179:
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1199:
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192:, the author insists that the passport system is also burdensome to the contemporary bourgeois (i.e. non-socialist) states which tend to simplify or even abolish this system.
1184:
1136:
1433:
1924:
184:
released in May 1930 seems to be the last encyclopedical source which fixed the early post-revolutionary treatment of the passport system as a tool of the so-called "
527:
213:
73:, which dismantled all the state apparatus, including the police as one of the key elements of this system. An official passport system did not exist in the early
1131:
744:
505:[On civil marriage, on children, and on the book registration of acts of civil status] (in Russian). СУ РСФСР. — 1917. — № 11. — ст. 160. Archived from
797:
264:
1316:
1286:
770:
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1080:
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and individual peasants did not have passports and could not move into towns without permission. Permissions were controlled by chairpersons of
1104:
949:
188:" where it provides "police supervision and taxation system". Stating that the whole concept of the "passport system" is unknown to the Soviet
396:. The latter rules remained in effect until 23 October 1995. However "blanket passportisation" started only in 1976 and had finished by 1981.
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591:Постановление ЦИК и СНК СССР от 27.12.1932 об установлении единой паспортной системы по Союзу ССР и обязательной прописки паспортов
217:
308:. Within these areas passports were the only valid personal identification document. From 1937 onwards, all passports had a photo
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900:
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was required. The notion of "temporary propiska" was introduced, in addition to the regular or "permanent" one. A temporary
1855:
1682:
1546:
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argues that the sealing of the
Ukrainian borders (caused by the internal passport system) aimed to prevent the spread of
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50:
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or within the hundred-kilometre zone along the western border of the USSR were required to have a passport with
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337:
500:
1779:
1371:
1309:
870:
263:. Repeated violations of the passport régime counted as a criminal offence. Passports were issued by the
1898:
405:
33:
1141:
270:
The implementation of the passport system was based on the USSR Sovnarkom decree dated April 22, 1933
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1523:
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668:Развитие паспортной системы в условиях укрепления административно-командной системы в СССР…
646:[The Passport System in Russia: History and Modernity] (in Russian). Archived from
474:[The Passport System in Russia: History and Modernity] (in Russian). Archived from
1774:
987:
939:
845:
1794:
1722:
1002:
992:
313:
62:
716:
The Soviet
Passport: The history, nature and uses of the internal passport in the USSR
222:
About establishment of the
Unified Passport System within the USSR and the Obligatory
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1747:
1655:
295:
145:
1538:
1359:
753:
185:
1401:
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1355:
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817:
550:]. Малая Советская Энциклопедия (in Russian). Vol. т. 6. (1 ed.).
299:
1391:
272:
About the Issue of
Passports to the USSR Citizens in the territory of the USSR
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447:) was a major construction-site of a new town, plant, railway station, etc.
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880:
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309:
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554:: Акционерное общество „Советская Энциклопедия”. 1930 . col.342–343.
551:
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was issued for work-related reasons and for study away from home.
291:
232:
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137:
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74:
69:
in March 1917 for eight months, were thrown into confusion by the
28:
129:" (godfather and godmother) also disappeared from this document.
1528:
1304:
506:
353:
287:
267:(Soviet law-enforcement) and until the 1970s had a green cover.
251:
82% of the population in the Soviet Union lived in rural areas.
78:
726:
1513:
1333:
361:, in state border areas, and at important railroad junctions.
502:О гражданском браке, о детях и о ведении книг актов состояния
388:
On 28 August 1974 the USSR Council of
Ministers issued a new
671:[Development of the Passport System…] (in Russian).
666:
169:
was not associated with the residential permit of the later
109:), was a kind of identity document available to everybody.
42:
passport system of the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics
625:Постановление Совета Министров СССР от 28.08.1974 № 677
342:
643:Паспортная система в России: история и современность
602:
Aldous, Richard; Kotkin, Stephen (8 November 2017).
471:Паспортная система в России: история и современность
323:
On 10 September 1940 the USSR Sovnarkom decreed the
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351:in the capital cities of the different republics,
347:). It enabled special regulations concerning the
101:), an excerpt from the birth registration books (
1602:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
698:[Passportless serfdom] (in Ukrainian).
239:Passports were introduced for urban residents,
156:departments; rural residents were serviced by
61:The foundations of the passport system of the
738:
8:
236:, criminals and other antisocial elements".
526:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
499:Декрет ВЦИК, СНК РСФСР от 18 декабря 1917.
132:The system originates in the Decree of the
1633:
1026:
915:
745:
731:
723:
390:Statute of the Passport System in the USSR
568:Fitzpatrick, Sheila (22 September 2022).
265:People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs
282:, within fifty kilometres (31 miles) of
1925:Internal migrations in the Soviet Union
460:
432:
771:Index of Soviet Union–related articles
519:
7:
18:Passport system of the Soviet Union
714:Baiburin, Albert (November 2021),
604:"Terrible Talent: Studying Stalin"
25:
1894:
1893:
1881:
692:Dzhuvaha, V. (28 March 2008).
1:
1434:Political abuse of psychiatry
1226:Congress of People's Deputies
212:On 27 December 1932 the USSR
421:Propiska in the Soviet Union
1597:Academy of Medical Sciences
416:Internal Passport of Russia
343:
214:Central Executive Committee
208:Soviet passport before 1974
1946:
1875:
1636:
677:Federal Migration Service
444:
366:USSR Council of Ministers
332:
312:of the bearer. Historian
181:Small Soviet Encyclopedia
106:
98:
1920:Soviet internal politics
694:
667:
642:
572:. London Review of Books
501:
470:
112:On 18 December 1917 the
47:Constitution of the USSR
1888:Soviet Union portal
364:On 21 October 1953 the
344:Polozhenye o pasportakh
85:Personal Identification
1780:Stalinist architecture
1534:Science and technology
1444:Ideological repression
1372:Soviet Airborne Forces
1310:Destruction battalions
695:Безпаспортне кріпацтво
209:
37:
1562:List of metro systems
1115:Collective leadership
608:The American Interest
570:"Diary - File selves"
406:Soviet Union passport
333:Положение о паспортах
207:
34:Soviet Union passport
32:
1524:Net material product
1467:Censorship of images
1384:Political repression
1344:Soviet Border Troops
1277:First Deputy Premier
861:1965 economic reform
856:Soviet space program
1592:Academy of Sciences
1407:Population transfer
1351:Soviet Armed Forces
1214:Congress of Soviets
1195:Presidium/Politburo
1159:Soviet anti-Zionism
1008:West Siberian Plain
886:Revolutions of 1989
823:Great Patriotic War
808:New Economic Policy
673:Sverdlovsk Regional
320:-related diseases.
247:. According to the
65:, inherited by the
1237:Military Collegium
1105:Capital punishment
983:Caucasus Mountains
896:Post-Soviet states
776:Russian Revolution
681:Russian Federation
249:1926 Soviet Census
220:issued the decree
210:
71:October Revolution
38:
1930:Defunct passports
1907:
1906:
1871:
1870:
1863:Hammer and sickle
1805:and their groups
1803:Soviet dissidents
1582:Communist Academy
1499:Economic planning
1475:
1474:
1368:Soviet Air Forces
1287:Security services
1207:General Secretary
1190:Central Committee
1132:Political parties
1064:Brezhnev Doctrine
1059:Foreign relations
1016:
1015:
957:Autonomous okrugs
871:Soviet–Afghan War
851:Sino-Soviet split
793:Russian Civil War
392:and new rules of
341:
107:Метрическая книга
49:in the sphere of
36:for travel abroad
16:(Redirected from
1937:
1897:
1896:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1634:
1542:
1397:Collectivization
1142:Marxism–Leninism
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411:Russian passport
370:Passport Statute
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325:Passport Statute
257:collective farms
190:system of rights
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67:Russian Republic
51:internal affairs
21:
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1514:Internet domain
1509:Five-year plans
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1175:Communist Party
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1122:Passport system
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988:European Russia
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846:Khrushchev Thaw
825:(World War II)
803:Creation treaty
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634:Further reading
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439:A novostroyka (
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243:and workers of
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144:About Personal
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1137:State ideology
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368:decreed a new
314:Stephen Kotkin
261:rural councils
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146:Identity Cards
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63:Russian Empire
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1494:Central Bank
1412:Forced labor
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1180:organisation
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1088:Human rights
1037:Constitution
920:Subdivisions
798:Russian SFSR
754:Soviet Union
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703:. Retrieved
655:. Retrieved
648:the original
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1755:Phraseology
1700:Prohibition
1688:Linguistics
1673:Drug policy
1666:1989 census
1587:Cybernetics
1489:Agriculture
1402:Great Purge
1364:Soviet Navy
1356:Soviet Army
1228:(1989–1991)
1222:(1938–1991)
1216:(1922–1936)
1200:Secretariat
1071:Gun control
978:Caspian Sea
962:Closed city
891:Dissolution
876:Perestroika
818:Great Purge
662:—Dead link.
445:новостройка
300:Vladivostok
253:Kolkhozniks
241:sovkhozniks
116:issued the
77:nor in the
1914:Categories
1795:Opposition
1785:Television
1765:Propaganda
1738:Literature
1612:Naukograds
1607:Sharashkas
1541:(currency)
1519:Inventions
1462:Censorship
1392:Red Terror
1076:Government
950:Autonomous
933:Autonomous
866:Stagnation
829:Evacuation
657:2011-02-12
513:2019-12-18
485:2011-02-12
455:References
167:"propiska"
1856:Republics
1844:Republics
1832:Republics
1683:Languages
1547:Transport
1429:Holodomor
1322:Militsiya
1260:President
1152:Stalinism
1054:Elections
928:Republics
911:Geography
901:Nostalgia
813:Stalinism
705:25 August
576:3 October
375:selsoviet
338:romanized
280:Leningrad
218:Sovnarkom
200:1933–1991
163:ispolkoms
153:militsiya
141:Sovnarkom
114:Sovnarkom
57:1917–1932
1899:Category
1452:Religion
1339:Chairmen
1185:Congress
1147:Leninism
1127:Propiska
1022:Politics
881:Glasnost
841:Cold War
781:February
718:, Polity
548:Passport
522:cite web
400:See also
394:propiska
380:propiska
349:propiska
310:headshot
305:propiska
225:Propiska
175:system.
172:propiska
1820:Symbols
1733:Fashion
1715:Culture
1629:Society
1574:Science
1539:Rouble
1481:Economy
1457:Science
1267:Premier
1248:Offices
1110:Leaders
1030:General
998:Siberia
971:Regions
945:Oblasts
786:October
763:History
700:Tyzhden
679:of the
543:Паспорт
441:Russian
359:oblasts
340::
329:Russian
284:Kharkiv
103:Russian
99:метрика
95:Russian
91:Metrika
1839:Emblem
1827:Anthem
1775:Sports
1728:Cinema
1723:Ballet
1705:Racism
1678:Family
1168:Bodies
756:topics
357:, and
318:famine
276:Moscow
259:or by
233:kulaks
159:volost
118:decree
1770:Radio
1748:Opera
1743:Music
1646:Crime
1417:Gulag
1295:Cheka
940:Krais
651:(doc)
546:[
479:(doc)
427:Notes
354:krais
298:, or
292:Minsk
138:RSFSR
134:VTsIK
75:RSFSR
1851:Flag
1809:List
1617:List
1529:OGAS
1422:List
1305:NKVD
1093:LGBT
1081:List
1047:1977
1042:1936
707:2013
578:2022
528:link
288:Kyiv
216:and
178:The
136:and
79:USSR
40:The
1334:KGB
1329:MGB
1317:MVD
1300:GPU
1100:Law
685:MIA
278:or
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