Divine Light Mission

235:, slapped him in the face with a shaving cream pie. Rawat responded by saying that he did not want his attacker arrested or hurt, but the reporter was attacked by two men a few days later and seriously injured. When local members heard of the incident they notified Rawat in Los Angeles who extended his regrets and condolences to Pat Halley's family, and requested that the DLM conduct a full investigation. The assailants, one of them an Indian, were identified. They admitted their part in the incident and offered to turn themselves in. The Chicago police were immediately notified. The Detroit police declined to initiate extradition proceedings, variously claiming that they were unable to locate the assailants, or that the cost of extraditing them from Chicago to Detroit made it impractical. The arrest warrant remained outstanding. This lack of action by the Detroit police was attributed by some to Halley's radical politics. A spokesman later stated that the Indian national had been "shipped off to Europe". 405:

encouraged premies to leave the ashrams. According to one estimate, the worldwide membership had declined from 6 million to 1.2 million by 1976, and in the U.S. the 50,000 claimed initiates had dwindled to 15,000 regular contributors. A spokesman for the Mission explained in 1976 that the higher numbers had been inflated due to poor record-keeping. One estimate had from 500 to 1200 members living in ashrams in the mid-1970s. By the end of the 1970s, the movement had lost an estimated 80% of its followers in the U.S. Bromley and Hammond attribute the decline of groups including the Divine Light Mission to internal factors, but also in part to the news media's "discrediting reports about their activities", accounts which created a "wide-spread public perception of 'mind control' and other 'cult' stereotypes."

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that 45% of those surveyed had used marijuana daily before joining, while only 7% did so at the time of the study. Seventy-one percent reported psychological stress before joining compared to 37% at the time of the study. Overall, 38% had sought professional help for psychological problems before joining. These observations led to what Galanter's describes as "an apparent overall improvement in psychiatric state derived from conversion and its retention through continued membership", and that members, whether they were seriously distressed or not before joining, reported an improved emotional state after joining. Galanter reports that 82% of members surveyed were single, 97% were white, and 73% were in their twenties. The percentage of these with

255:, the members at a festival in Orlando, Florida "looked as though they had been drawn from the graduate campus of a large university—bright, not too carefully groomed, casually dressed. They were lively, good-tempered, and committed to their mutual effort. There was no idleness, brashness, marijuana, beer, loud music, or flirtation—all hallmarks of a more typical assembly of people in their twenties". Other festivals were held nationally and locally, and sometimes organized with little advance notice. Attending as many as ten festivals a year meant many members were unable to hold regular full-time jobs, and required sacrificing leisure and community activities in order to devote time to earning the money needed to attend. 735:"The atmosphere in the ashram was indeed quite striking. ... I was greeted in a friendly, even intimate fashion by people who were complete strangers. The intense communality of the members was immediately apparent, a quality that was clearly an important aspect of the group's function. One could sense a closeness among those present, and an absence of the minor tensions that would be expected in a setting where two dozen people were living in tight quarters. ... Caring and intimacy, reflective of the group's cohesiveness, seemed to mute any expression of animosity. ... I was made to feel as if I were entering a supportive envelope, to be protected from the rough edges of relationships in the outside world. 416:. Some former members became outspoken critics of the organization and attacked the group with what Melton calls "standard anti-cult charges of brainwashing and mind control". In reference to ex-followers, DLM spokesman Joe Anctil said that "A lot of people were just on a trip in the beginning. They felt they had to be 'hyped', and some didn't stay long enough to get beyond that. But we've changed as our understanding has changed." Bob Mishler, the founding president of the DLM in the U.S., was removed by Rawat in 1977 and gave an interview in 1979, along with the former vice president, in which he said he was concerned that the DLM was becoming a "tax evasion for the guru", and said he feared a repeat of 610:, or overwhelmed by waves of intense sentiment, and those in which affective bonds were discouraged. They reported that close ties between newcomers and DLM members developed gradually over a period of three to four months, between initial contact and their attending a "Knowledge session", and the emergent friendships were an important forum in which recruits aired doubts and discussed DLM beliefs. These relationships thus supplemented a very cognitive conversion process, in which active consideration of the movement's ideas and beliefs was encouraged from the outset. They found little evidence to suggest that social rewards were orchestrated by the movement, either in degree or timing. 711:

oversaw cooking, washing, ironing, and food service but the normal isolation of the housewife and cook became a communal, everyone-pitchin-and-help festival. Followers ("premies") who lived in them often worked part or full time at ordinary jobs and gave a sizable portion – sometimes all – of their income to the movement. Ashrams typically had an associated business, such as a Divine Sales outlet and a Divine Service Company. The ashram premies became the core of the Mission in the United States, but the ashrams themselves were not a source of income, never becoming more than self-sufficient. Followers wishing to stay in the

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free festival. DLM's post-Millennium financial troubles forced it to close ashrams, sell its printing business and real estate, and to drop the lease on its IBM computer. Monthly donations fell from $ 100,000 to $ 70,000. According to Messer, "to pay the debts remaining from the Houston event, devotees all over the country turned over their own possessions to Divine Sales, which had crash garage sales, attended flea markets, and invented numerous activities to dispose of the goods." By 1976 it was able to reduce the debt to $ 80,000. Consequently, the festival necessitated policy shifts within the movement organization.

621:"There is little doubt in my mind that these premies have changed in a positive way. Today, they seem less alienated, aimless, worried, afraid, and more peaceful, loving, confident, and appreciative of life. We could attribute these changes to surrender, devotion, and their involvement in the premie community. Each of these undoubtedly had a positive impact, but, if we accept what premies say, none were as critical as their experience of the universal spirit. Meditating on the life-energy for five years, they report having more positive attitudes about themselves." 392:

led to a permanent rift between Prem Rawat and his mother, and was also credited with causing a profound disruption in the movement. Many followers left the ashrams to get married, and the base of support inevitably shifted from the ashrams to the wider premie community. Others felt "almost betrayed", in part because he had championed celibacy, one of the requirements of ashram life, before getting married himself. The bad press from the festivals and the rift caused by Prem Rawat's marriage in 1974 marked the end of the movement's growth phase.

266:. 2500 foreign members camped out at the mission's "city of love" for a month. The event attracted a reported total of 500,000 attendees. When Rawat flew to India to attend, he was accused of attempting to smuggle $ 65,000 worth of cash and jewelry into the country, but no charges were ever filed. and the Indian government later issued an apology. The accusation led to negative coverage in the Indian press and hard feelings between Rawat and his mother, who had persuaded him to return to India for the festival. 535:, the sum of which is an experience called "Knowledge." Members of the DLM meditated formally twice daily and attended discourses on the Knowledge (known as satsang) when possible. According to Galanter "satsang could be delivered to active members or to those with only a casual interest. It was something of a polemic interspersed with parables, and because members were bright and sophisticated, these discourses tended to be engaging, making use of both Hindu mythology and Western philosophy". In a study by 719:

cigarettes and drugs. Married people, as well as single, lived in ashrams and, in their case, the practice of celibacy meant that they had sexual relations only with their marital partner. About three hundred people chose to live in communal houses and almost all households were non-smoking, non-drinking and vegetarian and, in some, the finances and energies were pooled for the good of all. Each household made its own decisions about life styles and often contained students and married couples.

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Denver headquarters. According to scholars, Prem Rawat's desire to consolidate his power and authority over the U.S. movement led to increasing formalization, with rules and regulations for ashram living, standards for recruited "candidates," and pressure towards certification of the movement's teachers. According to scholars Foss and van der Lans, the teachings of Hans Ji Maharaj were minimized after 1975, and followers were expected to accept Prem Rawat as their personal savior.

844:"blissed-out premies", the "hocuspocus" aspects of the meditation, and the "materialistic fixations" and physical condition of the guru. These accounts are described by Pilarzyk as being quite negative and full of distortions from the DLM's adherents point of view and drawing responses from them that varied from bewilderment and amusement to extreme defensiveness. Positive comments came from youth culture "folk heroes" such as anti-war activist Rev. 702:, who visited the Mission's headquarters in Delhi in 1973 described it as being like a fortress with 8-foot (2.4 m)-high walls, an iron grilled gate enclosing a courtyard and a complex of buildings capable of housing 100 and with the capacity to feed 50,000 visitors on special occasions. Singh also described "the lavish use of marble, wall-to-wall carpets, chandeliers and modern furnishings" as evidence of affluence. 356:. The former president and vice president of the DLM later said that Prem Rawat had spoken frequently of building such a city. Plans for the city were delayed amid the fiscal crisis following the Millennium festival. Incorporation papers for the formation of the "City of Love and Light Unlimited, Inc." were filed in Colorado in 1974, and there was a failed attempt in 1975 to build the community near San Antonio, Texas. 296:, and publicized as "Millennium '73". The free three-day event was billed as "the most significant event in human history" that would herald "a thousand years of peace for people who want peace", the idea being that peace would come to the world as individuals experienced inner peace. To promote the event, Prem Rawat's 20-year-old brother, Bhole Ji Rawat toured with a 60-piece band, 673:

savings, sometimes hundreds of thousands of dollars, and in several cases their families contested the donations. He was quoted as saying "it takes a lot of money to keep a guru." Bob Mishler, the mission's executive director, talked one person into signing over power of attorney shortly after she joined. Mishler was sacked by Rawat in 1976.

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meant he had to encroach on his mother's territory and, given the fact that she was accustomed to having control, a fight was inevitable". In December 1973, when he turned 16, Rawat took administrative control of the Mission's U.S. branch and began to assert his independence from his mother who returned to India with Satpal.

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replaced by electric vehicles, and solar power would be used to provide energy. Cards would replace cash. The use of advanced technologies to ensure pollution-free air, Rennie Davis told a journalist, would be a practical demonstration of what it means to have Heaven on Earth. Two sites were suggested: either the

669:. Overall, 95% of DLM members had used psychedelic drugs, compared to 89% of Hare Krishna and 67% of the college student cohort. Compared to the college students, fewer DLM members had had religious upbringings and they tended to have had worse family experiences though only 17% came from "broken homes". 722:

In addition to the ashrams, there were many more residences with less formality. "Premie Centers", were households committed to the Mission's activity that donated 30% of their income and followed dietary rules, but that allowed married, non-celibate couples and children, and which weren't subject to

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in 1974, based on questionnaire responses given by 119 DLM members randomly chosen from festival registration lines, found that after two years involvement with DLM, members reported a considerable decline in psychological distress and drug use compared to their pre membership status. The study found

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In the United States, the early years of the Divine Light Mission were marked by the rapid growth of loosely affiliated local ashrams, united mainly by a shared devotion to Guru Maharaj Ji. As the DLM became more and more structured and centralized, leadership and power came to be concentrated in the

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wrote that from the former came the reduction of Hinduism to the inner realization of the divine and the veneration of the guru, and from the latter the emphasis on the practical life. Hummel also noted that the DLM never developed a systematic doctrine, either during Hans' time or Prem Rawat's time.

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Maharaji has chosen a route of perpetual transformation in which organizational forms are created and utilized and then destroyed, thus providing flexibility to deal with rapidly changing social attitudes, to provide pragmatic solutions to internal problems, and above all to keep his students focused

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Rawat's decision to marry a Westerner precipitated a struggle for control of DLM. His mother claimed that Rawat had broken his spiritual discipline by marrying, and had become a "playboy". She appointed Satpal as the new head of DLM India, but the Western premies remained loyal to Rawat. The marriage

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Expectations for the event were very high, with predictions that it would attract more than 100,000, or even as many as 400,000 people from Satpal. Davis privately said he thought 22,000 was a more realistic estimate and reserved 22,000 hotel beds. There was even talk about a space in the parking lot

221:. The WPC became the organizing agent of meetings and businesses. A variety of businesses were founded under US DLM auspices including laundromats, used clothing stores, a plane charter agency ("Divine Travel Services"), a repair service, and the "Cleanliness-is-Next-to-Godliness" janitorial service. 625:

According to Carroll Stoner and Jo Anne Parke, when they visited an ashram the premies "appeared to be in control of their own lives and seemed to be achieving some measure of peace as a by-product of a lifestyle they feel is constructive and healthy". When the same members attended an appearance by

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in India, and founded Manav Utthan Sewa Samiti, which he describes as "an all-India registered voluntary social welfare and charitable organization", that is also "making freely available the spiritual Knowledge which is the essence of all religions." Satpal Rawat's supporters now assert that he is

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At the festival, Larry Bernstein, a prize-winning, 41-year-old architect described a "Divine City" to be built from the ground up starting the following year. It was to feature translucent hexagonal plastic houses stacked on concrete columns and connected with monorails. Polluting vehicles would be

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By 1972 DLM was operating in North and South America, Europe and Australia. By 1973, DLM was operating in 37 countries, tens of thousands of people had been initiated (become premies) and several hundred centers and dozens of ashrams formed in the U.S. and the UK. DLM said it had 8,000 devotees and

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Only a small fraction of the overall DLM membership lived in organized ashrams during its short history but several dozen ashrams were formed in the U.S., Britain, Europe and Australia. Ashrams were run by "general secretaries" appointed by the national office. Each ashram had a "house mother" who

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One member, writing in the 1970s said that followers were "nagged to donate funds of their own" and some devotees signed pledges to donate a dollar a day to provide the Mission with some reliable income. One former accountant for the DLM said that new followers were asked to turn over their entire

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movement and 40 college students. Among the DLM members the average age was 23 and ranged from 19 to 29. They came from middle-class backgrounds, all were white and had attended an average of 1.5 years of college, similar to the Hare Krishna sample, though DLM members were less likely to have come

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Because of Prem Rawat's age, Jagat janni Mata Ji, his mother, and her eldest son, Satpal Rawat (later known as Satpal Ji Maharaj) had managed the affairs of the worldwide DLM. As Prem Rawat approached sixteen he wanted to take a more active part in guiding the movement. According to Downton, "this

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The DLM incurred a debt estimated between $ 600,000 and over $ 1 million, attributed to poor management and low attendance. The debt severely damaged the DLM's finances. Event-related expenses were covered by short-term credit based on the expectation that contributions would pour in following the

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When Shri Hans Ji Maharaj died in 1966, he was succeeded as guru by Prem Rawat, then just eight years old, despite rival claims from other family members. Although Prem Rawat was accepted as his father's successor, because of his age his family retained effective control of the DLM. In 1971, Rawat

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According to Foss and van der Lans, members who joined before 1975 tended to be young people from the counterculture who had used psychedelic drugs. Later members, they asserted, were older and more responsible with ordinary jobs who were disillusioned with conventional religions or other Eastern

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Rawat says he does not charge for teaching people the techniques of Knowledge. Related organizations that support the dissemination of Rawat's message are funded by donations. According to the Prem Rawat Foundation, it is supported by people who appreciate Rawat's message and wish to help make it

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In the 1980s, Prem Rawat removed the Indian trappings from his message, and adopted a more Western style. Melton said the mission was disbanded Prem Rawat personally renounced the trappings of Indian culture and religion, to make his teachings independent of culture, beliefs and lifestyles. Prem

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was $ 1 but most were given away free, as were the advertisements. The World Peace Corps (WPC) was established as a security force to provide protection for Rawat. After Bob Mishler, the DLM President, was removed from power he said that Rawat got the idea to start a bodyguard unit after watching

843:

According to sociologist Pilarzyk the youth culture response – mainly from a decidedly leftist political perspective – was somewhat ambiguous, combining indifference with some instances of overt hostility. Pilarzyk mentioned that these criticisms usually focused on the perceived phoniness of the

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In a comparison of new religious movements, Gartrell and Shannon noted that people appeared to seek out such religious organizations to get answers to questions about ultimate meaning as well as answers to more prosaic issues. In discussing the differences in recruiting tactics employed by these

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at Millennium, Rawat denied being the Messiah, and when asked by reporters about the contradictions between what he said about himself and what his followers said about him, Rawat replied, "Why don't you do me a favor ... why don't you go to the devotees and ask their explanation about it?"

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in London. While it drew thousands of attendees, Rawat began receiving hostile press coverage, partly due to his showing up late, or not at all, at scheduled appearances. The membership had grown very rapidly but the organizers had no clear idea where to lead the following, nor did they have the

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The event featured spectacular staging, a 56-piece rock band and a giant video screen that showed a barrage of shots from the tumultuous 1960s. Though it was not covered by the national television news, it did get extensive coverage in the print media. The premies were reported to be "cheerful,

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stated that "life in the new religions is often therapeutic instead of harmful", and suggested that the young people attracted to these movements were affirming their idealism by their involvement. Richardson asserted that his review found there was little data to support the almost completely

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In Australia in the early 1970s, a small percentage of premies lived in ashrams. Some premies choose to live in an ashram for a couple of months, to get into their meditation, and then moved out into households or shared houses. Ashram rules demanded celibacy and abstinence from meat, alcohol,

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connected the headquarters with the ashrams. Social service facilities, including a medical clinic in New York City, were opened. A Women's Spiritual Right Organization dedicated to reaching out to persons in prisons, mental institutions and hospitals, was organized. The U.S. DLM published two

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related tradition, a proselytizing religion ("Guru-ism"), and a defunct religious movement. A study of terms used in U.S. newspapers and news magazines, which examined the media's failure to use the more neutral terminology favored by social scientists, found that the Divine Light Mission was

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Following the rift with his mother, Rawat announced that he was replacing the predominantly Indian image with a Western one and began to wear business suits instead of his all-white Indian attire. The Indian mahatmas were replaced with Westerners, and Indian terminology fell from use. Rawat

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friendly and unruffled, and seemed nourished by their faith". To the 400 premie parents who attended, Rawat "was a rehabilitator of prodigal sons and daughters". Media people found a "confused jumble of inarticulately expressed ideas." It was depicted in the award-winning U.S. documentary

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thinking, and that from the Sant tradition also came the rejection of outward rituals and ceremonies; the rejection of asceticism in favor of life as a householder; the rejection of veneration of idols, and the focus on the guru as the manifestation of the divine. Hummel also noted that

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events would generate considerable donations. The DLM celebrated three main festivals: Holi, which is celebrated in late March or early April; Guru Puja, which was held in July; and Hans Jayanti, which falls in November. Hans Jayanti marks the birthday of the DLM's founder. According to

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festival, he took administrative control of the US branch. His increasing independence and his marriage to a non-Indian in 1974, caused a permanent rift with his mother and two of his brothers, Satpal Ji Maharaj and Bhole Ji Maharaj. They returned to India, where his eldest brother

976:"Miami's startled elite wish the guru, in short, a pleasant stay", By Barry Bearak, Knight-Ridder Service, 30 July 1977. INDEPENDENT PRESS TELEGRAM (Long Beach, CA) A-11 "ACCORDING to Anctil and mission president Bill Patterson, they represent a church rather than a religion." 310:

trial, attracted extensive media coverage as a spokesperson for Rawat. At the event, Davis declared that "All I can say is, honestly, very soon now, every single human being will know the one who was waited for by every religion of all times has actually come." In a

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Since then the Elan Vital has been "virtually invisible." Rawat stopped granting interviews and making public announcements of his visits. As of 2008, he has continued to write, lecture, and tour with the support of the Elan Vital and the Prem Rawat Foundation.

617:, who studied the DLM for five years, reported that the "idealism of these premies was one of the motivating forces behind their conversion . They wanted to create a more caring world". Five years after the subjects of his study became premies he wrote: 484:(Center for the King of Knowledge) states on its website that it was registered under the societies Registration Act in 1977, with registration No. 8845/77, "by individuals eager to help in the dissemination of Maharaji's message of hope and peace." 395:

In 1975, Prem Rawat returned to India in an attempt to gain control of the Indian DLM. A court-ordered settlement resulted in his eldest brother Satpal retaining control of the Indian DLM, while Rawat maintained control of the DLM outside of India.

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In the early 1980s, Rawat began disbanding the western DLM. He closed the ashrams and eliminated the remaining Indian influences from his presentation to make it independent of any specific culture or religion. In the US, UK, France and Australia,

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Bromley and Hammond described the Divine Light Mission as belonging in a "medium tension category", among movements that were seen by the public as peculiar rather than threatening, and to which society responded with watchfulness and ostracism.

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defied his mother by travelling to the UK and the US, where local branches of DLM were established and rapidly expanded. By 1973, DLM had over a million followers in India and tens of thousands of followers in the West, along with dozens of

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A 1981 article based on the Dutch branch of the Divine Light Mission, stated that the DLM had little philosophical background and that all its central creeds and tenets were described in the song associated with the Hindu ritual called

723:

orders from the national Mission. "Premie houses" were informal households (with as many as 30 followers) held together by their shared commitments and values. Ashrams served as local coordinating centers for all the local devotees.

167:

During the customary 13 days of mourning, his mother and senior officials of the organization discussed the succession. Prem Rawat, who was 8 years-old at the time, addressed the crowd and was accepted by them as their teacher and

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reserved for a flying saucer to land. When Satpal heard about the flying saucer he said, "If you see any, just give them some of our literature". The actual attendance was estimated at 35,000, and at 10,000 by police.

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Carroll Stoner and Jo Anne Parke wrote in 1977 of their visits to several ashrams that "there was no persuasion or cajoling for us to become part of this group. We did feel a sense of calm and peace in the ashrams.

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Geaves, Ron. "Globalization, charisma, innovation, and tradition: An exploration of the transformations in the organisational vehicles for the transmission of the teachings of Prem Rawat (Maharaji)" in

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Rawat was no longer to be venerated as a god or regarded as a Perfect Master. The ashrams were closed along with the Denver headquarters (1979). The Divine Light Mission organization was replaced by

229:

On 8 August 1973, while Rawat was at the Detroit City Hall to receive a testimonial resolution praising his work, Pat Halley, who was at the time a reporter from Detroit's underground periodical

3501: 6784: 180:

In 1971, Rawat, then known as Guru Maharaji Ji, travelled to the West against his mother's wish & will. DLM was established in the U.S. and the UK. The U.S. branch was headquartered in

817:

Ron Geaves states that the Divine Light Mission "developed into a vigorous new religious movement with its own specific traits that included characteristics of a contemporary North Indian

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Of gods and men : new religious movements in the West : proceedings of the 1981 Annual Conference of the British Sociological Association, Sociology of Religion Study Group

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on charges of using drugs and practising their faith. The DLM, the Hare Krishnas and the Jehovah's Witnesses were banned, reportedly at the behest of the Roman Catholic Church. The

457:, as its head. A lawsuit in India resulted in his brother Satpal gaining control of the Divine Light Mission in India, and Rawat continuing to lead DLM in the rest of the world. 428:; the U.S. organization's name was changed to Elan Vital in 1983, by filing an entity name change. Prem Rawat asked to be referred to as "Maharaji" instead of "Guru Maharaj Ji." 6804: 6789: 6779: 6718: 4996: 4683: 2181: 6444: 5452: 1321: 814:, was widely held in low esteem – families felt their children were being financially exploited while the groups' leaders lived in "ostentation and offensive opulence." 469:. Scholars that have written about the succession report that Satpal and the rest of the family accepted and supported Prem's declaration of succession for eight years. 6408: 4852: 4438: 527:

No rules or regulations were imposed, and no beliefs or ethical practices were taught. The fundamental practices of inner peace were embodied and experienced through

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referred to as a "sect" in 10.3% of articles, as a "cult" in 24.1%, and as both in 13.8%. It was referred to as a "sect" in 21.4% of headlines, with 0% for "cult".

661: 341: 6697: 372:

In May 1974, a judge gave Rawat his consent to marry without parental permission. His marriage to his secretary, Marolyn Johnson, a 24-year-old follower from

2673:(2000), pp.24-37. DUO, New Delhi, Book published in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Hans Ji Maharaj's birth by Prem Rawat's Indian organization. 4413:(1993). "Religious Requirements and Practices of Certain Selected Groups: A Handbook for Chaplains by The Institute for the Study of American Religion". 420:. They also accused Rawat of engaging in inappropriate behavior. Mishler's charges found little support and did not affect the progress of the Mission. 6713: 6586: 4451:

Religious leaders of America : a biographical guide to founders and leaders of religious bodies, churches, and spiritual groups in North America

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noted that the DLM movement was often criticized for emphasizing the superiority of subjective emotional experience over intellect. The sociologists

6570: 5167: 164:) to organize followers across Northern India. At the time of his death on 19 July 1966, the Divine Light Mission had six million members in India. 4295:(See Chapter 10, 'The Divine Light Mission') (The first two editions were published in India by Vishal Mangalwadi as sole author in 1977 and 1987.) 3698:; P Buckley; A Deutsch; R Rabkin; J Rabkin (1980). "Large group influence for decreased drug use: findings from two contemporary religious sects". 3979: 3067: 6759: 6071: 715:

established by Rawat were required to fill out detailed applications that focused on their trust funds, insurance policies, and other assets.

6799: 6687: 6647: 5445: 5342: 4917: 4836: 4817: 4798: 4777: 4755: 4736: 4715: 4602: 4576: 4553: 4525: 4502: 4480: 4458: 4396: 4370: 4346: 4327: 4308: 4288: 4266: 4247: 4225: 4202: 4180: 4156: 4137: 4078: 4054: 4028: 4006: 3987: 3961: 3933: 3914: 3891: 3775: 3753: 3645: 3626: 3603: 3545: 3510: 3486: 3461: 3442: 3416: 3393: 3367: 3345: 3319: 3295: 3274: 3250: 3226: 3204: 3178: 3158: 3135: 2830: 2145: 1934: 1912: 1889: 1846: 784: 543:, former followers said that they had spent 32.9 hours per week in group-related processes and ritual and 19.9 hours in additional study or 6292: 5874: 5721: 4949: 92:

As Rawat grew older, he began to take a more active role in the movement and, when he turned sixteen, following the financially disastrous

1774:"Growing Pile of Unpaid Bills Beneath Guru's Spiritual Bliss", Deborah Frazier, UPI, 23 March 1975, Lincoln, Neb., Sunday Journal and Star 472:

The Divine United Organization (DUO) was an organization registered under the Societies Registration Act 21 of 1860 with the Registrar of

460:

Satpal Rawat, now known as Shri Satpal Ji Maharaj, teaches "Manav Dharam" (the "Dharam of Mankind"). He is also a politician and former

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were a regular part of the Divine Light Mission's activities and a source of revenue. Members would pay from $ 50 to $ 100 to attend, and

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Pilarzyk, Thomas (1978). "The Origin, Development, and Decline of a Youth Culture Religion: An Application of Sectarianization Theory".

3846: 6061: 6036: 5780: 5706: 5138: 4545: 3740: 325: 5792: 5577: 3658:; Ralph W. Larkin (Summer 1978). "Worshiping the Absurd: The Negation of Social Causality among the Followers of Guru Maharaj Ji". 2958:

Pilarzyk, Thomas. "The Origin, Development, and Decline of a Youth Culture Religion: An Application of Sectarianization Theory" in

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While Rawat's brother Satpal was nominally in charge of the festival, Davis was the "General Coordinator" and handled the details.

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for two weeks giving free concerts. The 500-member tour was dubbed "Soul Rush" and traveled to seven cities on the way to Houston.

2983:"The Mail man, the Maharaji and the exploding love-bomb: Francis Wheen on: Divine intervention at the Daily Mail." Francis Wheen, 476:

in 1977, to disseminate the teachings of Prem Rawat in India. According to Geaves, DUO remained in India until it was replaced by

6602: 5741: 5691: 5438: 5312: 2541: 792: 2821:

Seiwert, H. (2004), "The German Enquete Commission: Political Conflicts and Compromises", in Richardson, James T. (ed.) (2004),

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Oz in the Astrodome; Middle-class premies find Guru. The guru enthroned by Ted Morgan, New York Times, 9 December 1973, Page 338

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visited the festival and later remarked that while the premies inside were looking happy the ones outside were arguing with

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were chartered to bring members from the U.S. and other countries to the Hans Jayanti festival held at the main ashram near

153:, followers who could themselves initiate devotees, and formed a magazine called "Hansadesh" which is still active in 2017. 5746: 4831:. Honolulu HI: University Press of the Pacific U.S. Dept. of Defense Dept. of the Army Office of the Chief of Chaplains. 3895: 2896:"Miami's startled elite wish the guru, in short, a pleasant stay", By Barry Bearak, Knight-Ridder Service, 30 July 1977. 2687: 547:(lectures, seminars, workshops etc). Vegetarianism was encouraged but not enforced except in ashrams and Divine Centers. 269:

In June 1973, the British DLM, with Prem Rawat's mother acting on behalf of her son, organized the "Festival of Love" at

6754: 6252: 5656: 5494: 3785: 3763: 3735: 3695: 2409: 6076: 5489: 5351: 1080: 3555:

DuPertuis, Lucy (1986). "How People Recognize Charisma: The Case of Darshan in Radhasoami and Divine Light Mission".

4860:

van Driel, Barend; James T. Richardson (1988). "Categorization of New Religious Movements in American Print Media".

3838:, paper delivered to the 27th Spalding Symposium on Indian Religions, Regents Park College, Oxford, 22–24 March 2002 1433:"Guru's Followers Cheer 'Millennium' in Festivities in Astrodome", by Eleanor Blau, New York Times, 12 November 1973 6347: 6332: 6051: 5297: 4517: 4171: 4046: 2302: 1206: 2134:

Geaves, Ron. "From Guru Maharaj Ji to Prem Rawat: Paradigm Shifts over the Period of 40 Years as a 'Master'". In:

184:. It was registered there as a non-profit corporation and in 1974 was recognized as a church by the United States 6682: 6046: 5751: 5511: 5414: 5327: 5292: 5072: 3537: 2661:

Price, Maeve (1979): The Divine Light Mission as a social organization. (1) Sociological Review, 27, Page 279-296

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arrested over 200 members, including 12 foreigners, in 1974. The Jehovah's Witnesses and DLM were also banned by

425: 353: 231: 172:" and was named as Bal Bhagwan. Because of his age, effective control of the DLM was shared by the whole family. 106: 6692: 6591: 6424: 6297: 5987: 5972: 5676: 5646: 5619: 5599: 5528: 5287: 5002: 4942: 4768: 4568: 4410: 4235: 2527: 185: 665:

from broken homes. Sixty-five percent of DLM members reported having religious experiences while tripping on

6207: 6177: 5997: 5963: 5562: 5384: 5347: 4980: 4975: 4909: 4594: 4069: 3745: 3377: 1419:"Under the Astrodome: Maharaj Ji – The Selling of a Guru", Gregg Kilday, Los Angeles Times, 13 November 1973 521: 497: 493: 6167: 3468:(See pages 167, 'Divine Light Mission' (Kim Knott), and 508, 'Radhasoami Movements', PierLuigi Zoccatelli.) 3437:. Historical dictionaries of religions, philosophies, and movements, no. 42. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. 776:

The president and spokesman of the DLM said in 1977 that "they represent a church rather than a religion".

606:

groups, they placed the Divine Light Mission in the middle ground between movements in which recruits were

6672: 6620: 6615: 6484: 6474: 6439: 5608: 5557: 5553: 5461: 5131: 3532: 3305: 957: 745: 435:, a religious scholar who has been associated with the teachings of Prem Rawat for the last thirty years: 70: 5899: 5105: 2931:"Five sect leaders in Chile sent to desert prison camp.", Jonathan Kandell, New York Times, 24 March 1974 81:

or an alternative religion. DLM officials said the movement represented a church rather than a religion.

6630: 6342: 6262: 6091: 5822: 5661: 5651: 5191: 4961: 4586: 4418: 3943: 1569:"Maharaji Ji: The Selling of a Guru, 1973", by Gregg Killday, Los Angeles Times, 13 November 1973, p. D1 453:

In 1975, Mata Ji took control of the DLM in India as a result of the rift and installed her eldest son,

373: 333: 5548: 2009:"Guru Maharaj Ji To Launch World Tour To Aid Mission" UPI, PLAYGROUND DAILY NEWS, 15 April 1976-Page 3E 654:

backgrounds as in the general population (21% versus 2%). Three-quarters of them had attended college.

4902:

The social dimensions of sectarianism : sects and new religious movements in contemporary society

1467:"TV: Meditating on a Young Guru and His Followers", by John O'Connor, New York Times, 25 February 1974 6769: 6519: 6514: 6499: 6327: 6142: 6029: 5807: 5614: 5034: 3953: 3426: 3358:; New Ecumenical Research Association (Unification Theological Seminary), Phillip E. Hammond (1987). 3064: 1596:"Videotape Explorers on the Trail of a Guru" by Dick Adler, Los Angeles Times, 23 February 1974 p. B2 1285:

I See The Light, by Ken Kelley, Penthouse (July 1974), page 98-100, 137-138, 146, 148, & 150-151.

868: 349: 686:

The Divine Light Mission began creating ashrams in India in the 1960s, starting with a small one in

515:

Hummel further asserted that the influence of the North Indian Sant tradition was dominant in Hans'

6764: 6744: 6636: 6596: 6539: 6509: 6479: 6137: 6002: 5889: 5864: 5785: 4935: 2215: 1406:"The Mini-Guru: Discourse on Maharaj Ji is scheduled in Wiesbaden" J. KING CRUGER, 3 February 1973 1307:"Financing the New Religions: Comparative and Theoretical Considerations" JAMES T. RICHARDSON p.259 920: 872: 744:

The Divine Light Mission was described in various and sometimes conflicting terms. It was called a

4591:

New religions : a guide : new religious movements, sects, and alternative spiritualities

4070:

From slogans to mantras : social protest and religious conversion in the late Vietnam War era

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Frazier, Deborah (23 March 1975). "Growing Pile of Unpaid Bills Beneath Guru's Spiritual Bliss".

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The World of Gurus: A Critical Look at the Philosophies of India's Influential Gurus and Mystics

1488:"Houston's Version of Peace in Our Time" GREGG KILDAY, Los Angeles Times 25 November 1973 p. S18 4829:

Religious requirements and practices of certain selected groups : a handbook for chaplains

2997: 6625: 6459: 6449: 6434: 6392: 6086: 5958: 5884: 5832: 5765: 5716: 5641: 5501: 5364: 5157: 5124: 5082: 4913: 4877: 4832: 4813: 4794: 4773: 4751: 4732: 4711: 4629: 4598: 4572: 4549: 4521: 4498: 4476: 4454: 4392: 4366: 4342: 4323: 4304: 4284: 4276: 4262: 4243: 4221: 4198: 4176: 4152: 4133: 4105: 4074: 4050: 4024: 4002: 3998: 3983: 3957: 3929: 3910: 3887: 3809: 3771: 3749: 3723: 3715: 3675: 3641: 3622: 3599: 3572: 3541: 3506: 3482: 3457: 3438: 3412: 3389: 3363: 3341: 3315: 3291: 3270: 3265: 3246: 3222: 3200: 3174: 3154: 3131: 2826: 2513: 2141: 1930: 1908: 1885: 1877: 1854: 381: 380:. Rawat's mother, Mata Ji, had not been invited. As a result of his marriage, Rawat became an 283: 93: 3847:"From Divine Light Mission to Elan Vital and Beyond: An Exploration of Change and Adaptation" 650:

backgrounds mirrored the general population, while there were ten times as many members with

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Prem Rawat a week later, "they lost control, sobbed and swayed and knelt to kiss his feet."

614: 574: 377: 312: 270: 181: 17: 5100: 4827:

United States.;Kirschner Associates.;Institute for the Study of American Religion. (2001).

2542:"The Keys, by Maharaji – "Is there a charge for viewing the Keys and receiving Knowledge?"" 6377: 6282: 6212: 6202: 6162: 5941: 5797: 5770: 5009: 4905: 4897: 4431: 4166: 4130:

The thirty years' wars : dispatches and diversions of a radical journalist, 1965-1994

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negative picture of these groups painted by a few mental health professionals and others.

845: 837: 818: 699: 511: 466: 128: 123: 46: 3768:

Cults and new religious movements : a report of the American Psychiatric Association

2386: 581:

and Daniel A. Foss made similar observations in 1978. In response, the religious scholar

3995:

Indische Mission und neue Fro?mmigkeit im Westen. Religio?se Bewegungen Indiens in westl

660:

conducted a comparative study of 41 DLM members from three US cities, 29 members of the

49:

for his following in northern India. During the 1970s, the DLM gained prominence in the

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Summarizing his 1985 review of studies of a number of new religious movements, such as

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in 1974. The event was called the "youth culture event of the year". Singer-songwriter

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Khalsa, Kirpal Singh (June 1986). "New Religious Movements Turn to Worldly Success".

3947: 3334: 3309: 3285: 3240: 3214: 3188: 1902: 1236:"Guru Gets Testimonial And Some Pie in Face", "New York Times", 8 August 1973 Page 43 930: 915: 788: 540: 507: 413: 307: 297: 140: 58: 50: 2354: 440:

on the core message rather than the peripheral requirements of organizational forms.

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Cults and New Religious Movements: A Report of the American Psychiatric Association

3404: 3269:. London; New York, NY: Cassell; Distributed in the United States by Sterling Pub. 2306: 935: 900: 895: 804: 607: 578: 454: 303: 3766:; American Psychiatric Association. Committee on Psychiatry and Religion. (1989). 1276:

Page 2 – Section B – Sun News – Las Cruces, New Mexico – Wednesday, 22 August 1973

4259:

Pluralism comes of age : American religious culture in the twentieth century

3593: 3245:. London; New York: Blandford; Distributed in the United States by Sterling Pub. 3193: 3065:"Roadside Playboys and Texana Dames: The supernatural saga of the Hancock family" 2776:

Hunt (2003), p. 116; Derks and van der Lans (1983), p. 303; Wilson (1990), p. 209

1530:"A LOOK BACK AT THE '70S" HENRY ALLEN, Los Angeles Times 16 December 1979; p. K30 6312: 6247: 6192: 5992: 5926: 5914: 5904: 5827: 5282: 5201: 4696: 4681:(1995). "Clinical and personality assessment of participants in new religions". 4172:

Recovery from cults : help for victims of psychological and spiritual abuse

3972:

De missie van het Goddelijk licht van goeroe Maharaj Ji: een subjektieve duiding

3655: 1258:

A-6 Independent (AM) Press-Telegram (PM) Long Beach, Calif., Wed., 8 August 1973

1003:"Whatever Happened to Guru Maharaj Ji? ", Hinduism Today Magazine, October 1983 853: 516: 337: 62: 3905:

Rendering unto Caesar : the Catholic Church and the state in Latin America

6317: 6267: 6237: 6227: 6182: 5879: 5686: 5671: 5277: 5235: 5213: 5186: 4958: 4927: 4762:"The Divine Light Mission in Australia" by Derek Harper & Michael McDonald 4365:. Garland reference library of social science, v. 213. New York: Garland Pub. 4190: 3982:(The article is mainly based on the Dutch branch of the Divine Light Mission) 3842: 3805: 3711: 3496: 1907:. Garland reference library of social science, v. 213. New York: Garland Pub. 1560:

Foss & Larkin (1978), pp. 157-164 "in fact attended by a maximum of 35,000

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The Spiritual Tourist: A Personal Odyssey Through the Outer Reaches of Belief

2406: 2259: 1858: 6096: 6024: 5894: 5755: 5701: 5592: 5533: 5506: 5484: 5479: 5475: 5379: 5095: 5016: 3790:"Alcohol & Drug Abuse: Healing Through Social and Spiritual Affiliation" 3533:

Sacred journeys: the conversion of young Americans to Division Light Mission

3266:

The new believers : a survey of sects, cults, and alternative religions

3242:

Sects, cults, and alternative religions : a world survey and sourcebook

796: 780: 687: 417: 289: 263: 5543: 3862: 3813: 3595:

A brief guide to beliefs : ideas, theologies, mysteries, and movements

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In some countries, the DLM faced persecution and even banning. In 1972, in

5430: 4649:

Price, Maeve (1979). "The Divine Light Mission as a social organization".

3727: 2511:"The Guru: Perceptions of American Devotees of the Divine Light Mission", 2202: 1362:"Some feel the youth is fraud" Long Beach, Calif., Sun., 19 December 1972 109:

was formed to replace the DLM in supporting Rawat in his role as teacher.

6307: 6066: 6014: 5931: 5854: 5582: 5322: 5257: 5208: 5178: 1823:"The Guru's Wife Is Another Devotee", Robert P. Dalton, AP Staff Writer, 1162:"Indian Shrewdness Plus American Merchandising Equals Guru", BETTY FLYNN 757: 695: 643: 503: 243: 169: 149: 132: 66: 3521:

Satgurudev Shri Hans Ji Maharaj: Eternal is He, Eternal is His Knowledge

3290:. London;Beverly Hills, Calif.;Paris, France: Sage Publications;Unesco. 2562: 2051:"Cult Deprogrammer Patrick Sentenced to Year in Kidnaping", JACK JONES. 212:, a biweekly newspaper with a circulation of 60,000. The cover price of 6494: 6302: 6019: 5977: 5252: 5230: 5218: 4889: 4641: 4117: 3687: 3584: 829: 822: 550:

Five "commandments" were part of the Divine Light Mission's teachings:

528: 3311:

The illustrated encyclopedia of active new religions, sects, and cults

2735:

Carter, Malcom N. (4 November 1973). "The guru who minds his mother".

344:. Wainwright's song "I am the Way" was partly inspired by Prem Rawat. 6565: 6560: 6524: 6469: 5849: 5587: 5247: 4565:

The many colors of Hinduism : a thematic-historical introduction

2432: 2430: 1479:"Oz in the Astrodome", by Ted Morgan, New York Times, 9 December 1973 825: 712: 651: 593:. Arti was sung to Prem Rawat in the morning and evening in ashrams. 585:, himself a member of the movement, accused Foss and Larkin of bias. 195:

In the United States, the staff at the headquarters grew to 125, and

144: 86: 6157: 4873: 4769:

All gods' children : the cult experience--salvation or slavery?

4625: 4101: 4073:. Religion and politics. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. 3884:

Journal of Alternative Spiritualities and New Age Studies – Volume 2

3671: 3568: 3034:

Gillmore brings intellect, idealism to country music", DAVID FRICKE

2963: 1223:"Guru's 17th birthday observed", KENNETH T. WALSH Associated Press, 3924:

Glock, Charles Y.; Robert Neelly Bellah; Randall H. Alfred (1976).

3171:

Versions of deconversion : autobiography and the loss of faith

2749:

Harper, Derek & Michael McDonald in Smith & Crossley (1975)

6101: 5196: 691: 590: 473: 385: 196: 157: 4339:

Divine enterprise : Gurus and the Hindu Nationalist Movement

3980:

article available in full on the website of the author (PDF file)

3789: 3284:

Beckford, James; International Sociological Association. (1986).

502:

According to some scholars, Shri Hans was influenced by both the

6529: 6454: 5394: 5242: 3829:

Contacts, Cognitions, and Conversion: a Rational Choice Approach

1183:"Snowballing Movement Centers On Teen-Age Guru From India", AP, 765: 749: 74: 43: 5434: 5120: 4931: 3836:

From Totapuri to Maharaji: Reflections on a Lineage (Parampara)

2576: 2082:"FIRM LOYALTY: Guru's Sect: Misgivings in Malibu" MARK FORSTER 2000:"Guru's cult changing style" GEORGE CORNELL, AP Religion Writer 1509:

Rolling Stone Magazine Issue N°156 – 14 March 1974 (Page 36-50)

3638:

Without the Guru. (How I took my life back after thirty years)

1245:"15-Year Old Guru Slapped in Face by Shaving Cream Pie", UPI, 666: 329: 4195:

Larson's book of world religions and alternative spirituality

3949:

Harper's Encyclopedia of Mystical & Paranormal Experience

2651:. Lincoln, Nebraska. United Press International. p. 11A. 2319: 2140:. Vol. 4. Westport CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 71–73. 408:

The Divine Light Mission also attracted the attention of the

147:

provinces of India in the 1930s. In 1950 he began initiating

1948: 1946: 5116: 3409:

Peace is possible : the life and message of Prem Rawat

274:

financial resources to maintain so many full-time workers.

4151:. Religieuze bewegingen in Nederland, Nr. 3. Kampen: Kok. 4023:. Aldershot, Hampshire, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. 2136:

Gallagher, Eugene V.; Ashcraft, W. Michael (eds.) (2006).

1322:

s:Dotter v. Maine Employment Sec. Commission 435 A.2d 1368

783:, as part of a crackdown on small religious groups by the 690:

and a larger one called Satlok ("Place of Truth") between

6566:

INFORM (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements)

3502:

Snapping: America's Epidemic of Sudden Personality Change

3478:

Soul rush : the odyssey of a young woman of the '70s

2842:

Miller (1995), pp. 474, 364; Juergensmeyer (1991), p. 207

1606: 1604: 1602: 524:

are of central importance to Prem, as they were to Hans.

384:. He called his wife "Durga Ji", after the Hindu goddess 4303:. Politics in Asia series. London; New York: Routledge. 4021:

Alternative religions : a sociological introduction

2219: 2138:

Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America

1647:"Two ex-cult officers see possible Guyana repeat", UPI, 1619:"They Won't Boo Loudon Any Longer", Grace Lichtenstein, 1316:

435 A.2d 1368. Supreme Judicial Court of Maine. Mark A.

1209:(25 November 1978). "Maharaj Ji has Jones-like traits". 810:

wrote that the DLM, along with other groups such as the

208:), a monthly magazine with a circulation of 90,000; and 69:

movement, but the western movement was widely seen as a

3219:

New religious movements : a practical introduction

2823:

Regulating Religion: Case Studies from Around the Globe

2387:"Sant_Mat.pdf | Bhakti Movement | Religious Comparison" 1042: 1040: 3613:

Fahlbusch, Erwin.; Geoffrey William. Bromiley (1998).

3021:

du Plessix Gray, Francine, "Blissing Out in Houston",

2216:""A Statement from Dr. Ron Geaves" September 27, 2004" 1066: 1064: 4043:

Radhasoami reality : the logic of a modern faith

2624: 2622: 2616:

Foss & van der Lans in Barker (1983), pp. 304-306

53:

under the leadership of his fourth and youngest son (

4748:

The Way out : radical alternatives in Australia

4684:

International Journal for the Psychology of Religion

3976:

Religieuze bewegingen in Nederland: Feiten en Visies

2038: 2036: 1659: 1657: 731:, wrote in 1989 of his visit to a DLM ashram that — 554:

Do not put off until tomorrow what you can do today.

6706: 6646: 6579: 6553: 6417: 6401: 6120: 5468: 5363: 5266: 5177: 5045: 5026: 4989: 4968: 4240:

The encyclopedia of cults, sects, and new religions

1811:"Guru, 16, marries secretary" AP Tues. 21 May 1974 1496: 1494: 828:was combined with intense reverence for the living 376:, was celebrated at a non-denominational church in 6785:Religious organizations based in the United States 4707:Prison or paradise? : The new religious cults 4620:(1). Religious Research Association, Inc.: 23–43. 4384: 4301:Singapore politics under the People's Action Party 4149:De Goddelijke Beginselen en de Verenigingskerk (2) 3902: 3614: 3430: 3381: 3333: 3192: 3146: 3123: 2825:, New York, NY: Luwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2712: 2710: 1922: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1643: 1641: 1631: 1629: 4391:(Rev. and updated ed.). New York : Garland. 3336:Strange gods : the great American cult scare 3173:. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. 2026: 2024: 1782: 1780: 1547: 1545: 1358: 1356: 1158: 1156: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1100: 1098: 3433:Historical dictionary of new religious movements 2472:Foss & van der Lans in Barker (1983), p. 305 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1320:. Argued 2 March 1981. Decided 19 October 1981. 1054: 1052: 3287:New religious movements and rapid social change 1761: 1759: 1745: 1743: 1578:"Oz in the Astrodome" Ted Morgen New York Times 1517: 1515: 1463: 1461: 557:Constantly meditate and remember the Holy Name. 288:The 1973 Hans Jayanti festival was held at the 6795:Religious organizations disestablished in 1983 6698:Religious discrimination against modern pagans 4728:The Norton/Grove dictionary of women composers 4473:Encyclopedia of occultism & parapsychology 3700:The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2785:Beckford (1983), p. 195; Langone (1995), p. 41 2182:"Colorado Secretary of State, Business Center" 1749:"Guru following down; tactics changing", UPI, 1318:DOTTER v. MAINE EMPLOYMENT SECURITY COMMISSION 1174:Messer in Glock & Bellah (1976), pp. 52-72 871:group in Europe and the Divine Light Mission, 5446: 5132: 4943: 4362:The encyclopedic handbook of cults in America 3831:, Review of Religious Research, Vol. 27, 1985 1904:The encyclopedic handbook of cults in America 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1146: 1144: 1142: 1140: 1138: 1136: 306:, well known as one of the defendants in the 8: 4851:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4790:Modern American communes : a dictionary 4746:Smith, Margaret.; David J. Crossley (1975). 4283:(3rd ed.). Chicago: Cornerstone Press. 4090:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 3928:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 3909:. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 3621:. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. 3191:; British Sociological Association. (1983). 2042:Bromley & Hammond (1987), pp. 113-4, 227 1996: 1994: 412:. Some members were violently kidnapped and 57:). Some scholars noted the influence of the 6805:1983 disestablishments in the United States 6790:Religious organizations established in 1971 6780:Religious organizations established in 1960 4322:. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning. 4197:. Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale House Publishers. 3997:. Stuttgart Berlin Ko?ln Mainz Kohlhammer: 3598:. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. 2803:Lewis (2004), p. 24; Edwards (2001), p. 227 2407:"About Us" page on Raj Vidya Kender website 1025:U. S. Department of the Army (2001), pp.1-5 5453: 5439: 5431: 5139: 5125: 5117: 4950: 4936: 4928: 4808:Swatos, William H.; Peter Kivisto (1998). 4453:(2d ed.). Detroit MI: Gale Research. 4411:Lewis, James R., Senior Research Associate 2716:Messer in Glock & Bellah (1976), p. 65 2704:Messer in Glock & Bellah (1976), p. 64 1728:Messer in Glock & Bellah (1976), p. 67 1294:"Get Your Red-Hot Panaceas!", Ken Kelley, 1196:Messer in Glock & Bellah (1976), p. 66 1081:"American Express Search – ELAN VITAL INC" 6587:Academic study of new religious movements 4725:Sadie, Julie Anne; Rhian. Samuel (1995). 4704:Rudin, A. James; Marcia R. Rudin (1980). 4437:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4387:Encyclopedic handbook of cults in America 3827:Gartrell, C. David and Shannon, Zane K., 2878:Olson, Roger E., in Miller (1995), p. 364 2201:Elan Vital FAQs – About Elan Vital, Inc. 2103: 2101: 787:, 87 members of the DLM were arrested in 101:took over the control of the Indian DLM. 42:) was an organization founded in 1960 by 6571:World Religions and Spirituality Project 5168:List of modern Eastern religions writers 4812:. Walnut Creek, Calif.: AltaMira Press. 4512:Michaels, Axel; Barbara Harshav (2004). 4341:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2962:. Fall 1978, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 23-43. 1921:Lewis, James; NetLibrary, Inc. (1998a). 1475: 1473: 4868:(2). Oxford University Press: 171–183. 4766:Stoner, Carroll; Jo Anne Parke (1977). 3666:(2). Oxford University Press: 157–164. 3563:(2). Oxford University Press: 111–124. 3454:Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements 969: 160:, he founded the Divine Light Mission ( 6775:Religious organisations based in India 6445:Classifications of religious movements 6072:Universal Church of the Kingdom of God 4844: 4427: 4416: 3456:. Abingdon & New York: Routledge. 3362:. Macon Ga.: Mercer University Press. 2280:Melton in Partridge (2004), pp.201-202 2163: 2153: 1952:Geaves in Partridge (2004), pp.201-202 1446:. Valparaiso, Indiana, 25 October 1973 465:the rightful successor to his father, 5343:Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness 4299:Mauzy, Diane K.; R. S. Milne (2002). 3617:Eerdmans encyclopedia of Christianity 3360:The Future of new religious movements 3199:. Macon GA: Mercer University Press. 3126:Soul snatchers the mechanics of cults 2445:Conway & Siegelman (1995), p. 361 1925:Cults in America a reference handbook 1185:THE LAWTON CONSTITUTION-MORNING PRESS 7: 6293:A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada 5722:International Peace Mission movement 4810:Encyclopedia of religion and society 4793:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 4096:(2). Blackwell Publishing: 233–247. 3519:Divine Light Mission, India (1970). 2812:Guiley (1991), p. 152; Barret (1996) 2589:Gartrell & Shannon (1985), p. 35 560:Leave no room for doubt in the mind. 6112:World Mission Society Church of God 5524:Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis 4407:Melton, J. Gordon, Project Director 4242:. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books. 3770:. Washington, DC: The Association. 3411:. Dresher, PA: Mighty River Press. 3149:Twentieth Century Mystics and Sages 2911:Latin America – 1978, Facts on File 2436:Messer in Glock & Bellah (1976) 6688:Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses 6062:Unitarian Universalist Association 4663:10.1111/j.1467-954X.1979.tb00335.x 4546:State University of New York Press 4495:Encyclopedia of American religions 4220:. American Psychiatric Pub., Inc. 3741:Cults: Faith, Healing and Coercion 3481:(1st ed.). New York: Morrow. 2499:Haan in Kranenborg (1981) pp.55-57 1961:Richardson in Swatos (1998), p.141 1929:. Santa Barbara Calif.: ABC-CLIO. 821:panth (sectarian institution) and 25: 5793:Moorish Science Temple of America 5578:Brotherhood of the Cross and Star 2887:van Driel & Richardson (1988) 2018:Bromley & Shupe (1981), p. 43 124:Hans Ji Maharaj § Succession 118:Founding and early years in India 6603:Journal of Contemporary Religion 5313:Ancient Teachings of the Masters 4710:. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. 4514:Hinduism : past and present 2869:Axel & Harshav (2004), p. 23 793:Government Junta of Chile (1973) 6067:United Submitters International 4541:America's alternative religions 3926:The New religious consciousness 2739:. Associated Press. p. A6. 1672:Rudin & Rudin (1980), p. 62 1649:Newport Rhode Island Daily News 1034:Fahlbusch et al. (1998), p. 861 953:Contemporary Sant Mat movements 6661:Christian countercult movement 6505:Polytheistic reconstructionism 5870:Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha 5627:Chinese salvationist religions 3505:. New York: Stillpoint Press. 3314:. New York: Rosen Pub. Group. 2376:United States (2001), pp. 11-5 1884:. Chicago, Ill.: Cornerstone. 563:Never delay attending satsang. 522:the four meditation techniques 1: 6760:Hindu new religious movements 5293:Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh 4318:McGuire, Meredith B. (2002). 4261:. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. 3452:Clarke, Peter B, ed. (2006). 2987:London, England, 14 July 1999 6800:1960 establishments in Bihar 5657:Church of the Guanche People 5063:Amrita Rawat (sister-in-law) 4614:Review of Religious Research 4320:Religion, the social context 4128:; JoAnn. Wypijewski (1995). 3901:Gill, Anthony James (1998). 3051:"Chess", by Richard Shorman 2960:Review of Religious Research 2055:27 September 1980, pg. SD_A1 1375:"Guru's Pupil Slates Talk", 836:expectations of the western 192:forty ashrams at that time. 18:Past teachings of Prem Rawat 6077:Universal White Brotherhood 5352:Sawan Kirpal Ruhani Mission 4697:10.1207/s15327582ijpr0503_1 3970:Haan, Wim (Dutch language) 3122:; NetLibrary, Inc. (2000). 2563:"Maharaji in North America" 2367:Beit-Hallahami (1997), p.85 2249:Melton (1986), pp. 221, 222 1364:INDEPENDENT, PRESS-TELEGRAM 6821: 6348:Menachem Mendel Schneerson 6333:Joseph Franklin Rutherford 6052:Unarius Academy of Science 4787:Sutton, Robert P. (2005). 4518:Princeton University Press 4257:Lippy, Charles H. (2002). 4047:Princeton University Press 3153:. Chicago: Henry Regnery. 2949:Levine (1989), pp. 96, 102 2898:Independent Press Telegram 2758:Stoner & Parker (1977) 2637:Downton (1979), pp 228-230 2303:Farmington Hills, Michigan 1341:Galanter (1999), pp. 22-28 1130:Melton (1986), pp. 141-145 994:Melton (1992), pp. 217-218 491: 281: 121: 6683:Persecution of Falun Gong 6253:Jorge Ángel Livraga Rizzi 6047:Twelve Tribes communities 6037:Transcendental Meditation 5298:Radha Swami Satsang Dinod 5152: 5091: 5073:Elan Vital (organization) 4731:. New York: W.W. Norton. 4587:Partridge, Christopher H. 4279:; Hoeksema, Kurt (1992). 4175:. New York: W.W. Norton. 3993:Hummel, Reinhard (1980). 3896:Web copy at asanas.org.uk 3806:10.1176/appi.ps.53.9.1072 3712:10.3109/00952998008993428 3538:Columbia University Press 3499:; Jim. Siegelman (1995). 3332:; Anson D. Shupe (1981). 3217:; Great Britain. (1989). 3169:Barbour, John D. (1994). 3104:, Friday, 23 January 1976 2974:Richardson (1995), p. 147 2299:Biography Resource Center 1699:Stoner & Parke (1977) 1397:Downton (1979), pp. 187-8 566:Always have faith in God. 354:Santa Barbara, California 188:under section 501(c)(3). 89:and hundreds of centers. 6693:Persecution of Rastafari 6592:Anthropology of religion 6425:African-initiated church 6298:Phineas Parkhurst Quimby 5988:Shri Ram Chandra Mission 5677:The Family International 5647:Church of Divine Science 5600:Charismatic Christianity 5288:Radha Soami Satsang Beas 5058:Satpal Maharaj (brother) 4772:. Radnor, Pa.: Chilton. 4750:. Melbourne: Lansdowne. 4569:Rutgers University Press 3640:. Babbling Brook Press. 3340:. Boston: Beacon Press. 3130:. New York: Algora Pub. 3096:"Rodgers Follows Guru", 3087:Sadie & Rhian (1995) 3023:New York Review of Books 2998:"Paul Dunmall interview" 2240:Geaves (2004), pp. 45-62 2086:12 January 1979; pg. A1. 1610:Foss & Larkin (1978) 1350:DuPertuis (1986), p. 118 852:, and singer-songwriter 186:Internal Revenue Service 176:International Footprints 139:, began teaching in the 6724:New religious movements 6178:Chinmayananda Saraswati 5964:Joy of Satan Ministries 5742:Kingdom of Jesus Christ 5563:Black Hebrew Israelites 5462:New religious movements 5385:Maharishi Shiv Brat Lal 5348:Science of Spirituality 5003:Who is Guru Maharaj Ji? 4981:Techniques of Knowledge 4976:Teachings of Prem Rawat 4910:Oxford University Press 4595:Oxford University Press 4475:. Detroit: Gale Group. 4216:Galanter, Marc (1989). 4147:Kranenborg, R. (1981). 3746:Oxford University Press 3636:Finch, Michael (2009). 3592:Edwards, Linda (2001). 3306:Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin 3145:Bancroft, Anne (1976). 2649:Sunday Journal and Star 2528:Who Is Guru Maharaj Ji? 2490:Geaves (2004), p. 45-62 2463:Meredith (2002), p. 175 2424:Hummel (1980), pp.76-77 2260:"Contact Info – Events" 1836:Downton (1979), p. 191. 1225:GREELEY (Colo.) TRIBUNE 1046:Melton (1986), pp.141-2 498:Teachings of Prem Rawat 494:Techniques of Knowledge 156:In 1960 in the city of 6678:Persecution of Baháʼís 6673:Persecution of Ahmadis 6621:Psychology of religion 6616:Philosophy of religion 6485:Japanese new religions 6475:Hindu reform movements 6440:Christian denomination 5309:Radhasoami-influenced 4567:. New Brunswick N.J.: 4426:Cite journal requires 3863:10.1525/nr.2004.7.3.45 3388:. London: Bloomsbury. 3036:Rolling Stone Magazine 2794:Galanter (1999), p. 19 2767:Galanter (1999), p. 25 2607:Downton (1979), p. 210 2125:Abgrall (2000), p. 285 1786:Downton (1979), ch. 12 1737:Collier (1978), p. 166 1651:25 November 1978. p. 8 1635:Kopkind (1995), p. 234 1587:Collier (1978), p. 176 1539:Collier (1978), p. 159 1455:Collier (1978), p. 170 1444:The Vidville Messenger 1377:SYRACUSE POST-STANDARD 1332:Galanter (1999), p. 20 1249:, 8 August 1973; pg. 2 1213:. Elyria. p. A–3. 1187:, Sunday, 29 July 1973 1007:(Retrieved March 2008) 958:New religious movement 764:offshoot, an orthodox 746:new religious movement 737: 623: 442: 326:"Lord of the Universe" 162:Divya Sandesh Parishad 71:new religious movement 36:Divya Sandesh Parishad 6750:Contemporary Sant Mat 6631:Sociology of religion 6343:Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar 6263:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 6092:The Way International 5823:New Kadampa Tradition 5652:Church of Scientology 5192:Fariduddin Ganjshakar 5053:Hans Maharaj (father) 4862:Sociological Analysis 4337:McKean, Lise (1996). 3660:Sociological Analysis 3557:Sociological Analysis 3427:Chryssides, George D. 2900:(Long Beach, CA) A-11 2737:The Stars and Stripes 2598:Downton (1979), p. 87 2481:Barrett (2003), p. 65 2340:McKean, (1996), p. 54 2205:(Retrieved May, 2006) 2116:Miller (1995), p. 364 2107:Melton (2003), p.2328 2073:Melton (1986), p. 219 2064:Melton (1986), p. 222 1663:Larson (2004), p. 151 1408:THE STARS AND STRIPES 1379:3 February 1973. p. 3 1267:Melton (1992), p. 222 1227:11 December 1974 p.16 1070:Hunt (2003), pp.116-7 733: 619: 597:available to others. 492:Further information: 488:Beliefs and practices 437: 374:San Diego, California 334:Loudon Wainwright III 122:Further information: 6520:Religious syncretism 6515:Religious conversion 6500:Open-source religion 6328:Charles Taze Russell 6143:Herbert W. Armstrong 6030:Theosophical Society 5808:New Apostolic Church 5332:Divine Light Mission 5068:Divine Light Mission 5035:Lord of the Universe 4904:. Oxford; New York: 4679:Richardson, James T. 4563:Olson, Carl (2007). 3954:Harper San Francisco 3834:Geaves, Ron (2002), 3788:(1 September 2002). 3400:(See pages 195-196.) 3165:(See pages 136-147.) 3053:Hayward Daily Review 2940:Mauzy (2002), p. 132 2909:Ferrara, Grace, M., 2851:Sutton (2005), p. 44 2357:on 17 February 2006. 1970:Olson (2007), p. 345 1058:Lewis (1998), p. 301 985:Downton (1979), p. 5 350:Blue Ridge Mountains 129:Shri Hans Maharaj Ji 32:Divine Light Mission 6755:Hindu organizations 6637:When Prophecy Fails 6597:History of religion 6540:Spiritual evolution 6510:Prosperity theology 6480:In-group favoritism 6450:Conspiracy theories 6138:Marshall Applewhite 5890:Ramakrishna Mission 5558:Jehovah's Witnesses 4651:Sociological Review 4516:. Princeton, N.J.: 4167:Langone, Michael D. 4045:. Princeton, N.J.: 4039:Juergensmeyer, Mark 3978:nr. 3, autumn 1981 3221:. London: H.M.S.O. 3120:Abgrall, Jean-Marie 3102:Winnipeg Free Press 3070:6 June 2009 at the 3038:, reprinted in the 3002:Mind Your Own Music 2922:Gill (1998), p. 168 2688:"The Guru Business" 2412:14 May 2008 at the 2396:– via Scribd. 2351:"Satpal Ji Maharaj" 2222:on 20 November 2007 2095:Lippy (2002) p. 114 2030:Lewis (1998), p. 83 1865:on 14 February 2008 1847:"One Lord Too Many" 1551:Kent (2001), p. 156 1442:"'Round and About" 921:Jimmie Dale Gilmore 873:James T. Richardson 131:, initiated by the 6719:In popular culture 6656:Anti-cult movement 6430:Buddhist modernism 6368:Emanuel Swedenborg 6363:Nirmala Srivastava 6128:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 6082:Vipassana movement 6057:Unification Church 6042:True Buddha School 5983:Shambhala Buddhism 5954:The Satanic Temple 5875:The Process Church 5761:Maha Bodhi Society 5732:Invitation to Life 5712:Humanistic Judaism 5158:Category: Sant Mat 5038:(1974 documentary) 4491:Melton, J. Gordon. 4357:Melton, J. Gordon. 4277:Mangalwadi, Vishal 3894:, pp. 44–62. 3074:, MARGARET MOSER, 3025:, 13 December 1973 2692:The New York Times 2166:has generic name ( 1899:Melton, J. Gordon. 1882:The world of gurus 1878:Mangalwadi, Vishal 1500:Kent (2001), p. 52 1211:Chronicle-Telegram 1164:Chicago Daily News 865:Unification Church 861:The Jesus Movement 812:Unification Church 635:group cohesiveness 506:tradition and the 410:anti-cult movement 352:or somewhere near 65:tradition, a.k.a. 27:Hindu organization 6732: 6731: 6626:Religious studies 6460:Cybersectarianism 6435:Chabad messianism 6409:Pacific Northwest 6393:Poykayil Yohannan 6208:Josemaría Escrivá 6087:Eastern Lightning 5885:Rajneesh movement 5833:Religious Science 5766:Messianic Judaism 5752:Latter Day Saints 5717:Iglesia ni Cristo 5642:Christian Science 5502:Aetherius Society 5428: 5427: 5114: 5113: 5106:Wikimedia Commons 4919:978-0-19-827883-2 4838:978-0-89875-607-4 4819:978-0-7619-8956-1 4800:978-0-313-32181-8 4779:978-0-8019-6620-0 4757:978-0-7018-0429-9 4738:978-0-393-03487-5 4717:978-0-8006-0637-4 4604:978-0-19-522042-1 4578:978-0-8135-4067-2 4555:978-0-7914-2397-4 4527:978-0-691-08952-2 4504:978-0-7876-6384-1 4497:. Detroit: Gale. 4482:978-0-8103-8570-2 4469:Melton, J. Gordon 4460:978-0-8103-8878-9 4398:978-0-8153-0502-6 4381:Melton, J. Gordon 4372:978-0-8240-9036-4 4348:978-0-226-56009-0 4329:978-0-534-54126-2 4310:978-0-415-24652-1 4290:978-0-940895-03-4 4268:978-0-7656-0151-3 4249:978-1-57392-222-7 4227:978-0-89042-212-0 4204:978-0-8423-6417-1 4182:978-0-393-31321-5 4158:978-90-242-2341-1 4139:978-1-85984-096-2 4132:. London: Verso. 4080:978-0-8156-2923-8 4056:978-0-691-07378-1 4030:978-0-7546-3409-6 4008:978-3-17-005609-1 3999:Kohlhammer Verlag 3988:978-90-242-2341-1 3963:978-0-06-250366-4 3935:978-0-520-03083-1 3916:978-0-226-29383-7 3892:978-1-4196-2696-8 3777:978-0-89042-212-0 3755:978-0-19-512369-2 3647:978-1-4392-4504-0 3628:978-0-8028-2413-4 3605:978-0-664-22259-8 3547:978-0-231-04198-0 3528:Downton, James V. 3512:978-0-9647650-0-9 3488:978-0-688-03276-0 3463:978-0-415-26707-6 3444:978-0-8108-4095-9 3418:978-0-9788694-9-6 3395:978-1-58234-001-2 3369:978-0-86554-237-2 3347:978-0-8070-3256-5 3330:Bromley, David G. 3321:978-0-8239-1505-7 3297:978-0-8039-8003-7 3276:978-0-304-35592-1 3261:Barrett, David V. 3252:978-0-7137-2567-4 3237:Barrett, David V. 3228:978-0-11-340927-3 3206:978-0-86554-095-8 3180:978-0-8139-1546-3 3160:978-0-8092-8407-8 3137:978-1-892941-10-7 2831:978-0-306-47887-1 2517:7/1 (1980), 69-81 2262:. contactinfo.net 2147:978-0-275-98712-1 2084:Los Angeles Times 2053:Los Angeles Times 1936:978-0-585-05843-6 1914:978-0-8240-9036-4 1891:978-0-940895-03-4 1853:. 28 April 1975. 1623:, 3 February 1974 1298:, 19 January 1974 1247:Los Angeles Times 848:, radical lawyer 756:, an offshoot of 382:emancipated minor 364:Marriage and rift 16:(Redirected from 6812: 6554:Public education 6353:Shiv Dayal Singh 6218:Charles Fillmore 6198:Aleister Crowley 6188:Helena Blavatsky 5900:Risshō Kōsei Kai 5865:Pilgrims of Arès 5845:Nuwaubian Nation 5818:New Confucianism 5637:Christadelphians 5632:Chinmaya Mission 5573:Branch Davidians 5512:Lahore Ahmadiyya 5455: 5448: 5441: 5432: 5375:Shiv Dayal Singh 5318:Dera Sacha Sauda 5224:Sects of Sikhism 5163:Indian religions 5141: 5134: 5127: 5118: 4962:(related topics) 4952: 4945: 4938: 4929: 4923: 4898:Wilson, Bryan R. 4893: 4856: 4850: 4842: 4823: 4804: 4783: 4761: 4742: 4721: 4700: 4674: 4645: 4608: 4582: 4559: 4531: 4508: 4486: 4464: 4447:Melton, J Gordon 4442: 4435: 4429: 4424: 4422: 4414: 4402: 4390: 4376: 4352: 4333: 4314: 4294: 4272: 4253: 4231: 4208: 4186: 4162: 4143: 4121: 4084: 4065:Kent, Stephen A. 4060: 4034: 4012: 3974:from the series 3967: 3944:Guiley, Rosemary 3939: 3920: 3908: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3865:. 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Archived from 1843: 1837: 1834: 1828: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1800: 1787: 1784: 1775: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1754: 1753:25 November 1976 1751:Waterloo Courier 1747: 1738: 1735: 1729: 1726: 1720: 1717: 1700: 1697: 1682: 1679: 1673: 1670: 1664: 1661: 1652: 1645: 1636: 1633: 1624: 1617: 1611: 1608: 1597: 1594: 1588: 1585: 1579: 1576: 1570: 1567: 1561: 1558: 1552: 1549: 1540: 1537: 1531: 1528: 1522: 1519: 1510: 1507: 1501: 1498: 1489: 1486: 1480: 1477: 1468: 1465: 1456: 1453: 1447: 1440: 1434: 1431: 1420: 1417: 1411: 1404: 1398: 1395: 1389: 1386: 1380: 1373: 1367: 1360: 1351: 1348: 1342: 1339: 1333: 1330: 1324: 1314: 1308: 1305: 1299: 1292: 1286: 1283: 1277: 1274: 1268: 1265: 1259: 1256: 1250: 1243: 1237: 1234: 1228: 1221: 1215: 1214: 1203: 1197: 1194: 1188: 1181: 1175: 1172: 1166: 1160: 1151: 1148: 1131: 1128: 1105: 1102: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1088: 1077: 1071: 1068: 1059: 1056: 1047: 1044: 1035: 1032: 1026: 1023: 1017: 1014: 1008: 1005:Available Online 1001: 995: 992: 986: 983: 977: 974: 850:William Kunstler 752:, a charismatic 658:James V. Downton 615:James V. Downton 613:The sociologist 575:David V. Barrett 482:Raj Vidya Kender 478:Raj Vidya Bhavan 378:Golden, Colorado 313:press conference 277: 271:Alexandra Palace 225:Detroit incident 202:And It Is Divine 182:Denver, Colorado 77:, a charismatic 21: 6820: 6819: 6815: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6810: 6809: 6735: 6734: 6733: 6728: 6702: 6642: 6575: 6549: 6413: 6397: 6383:Chögyam Trungpa 6378:Joseph W. Tkach 6283:Elijah Muhammad 6213:Louis Farrakhan 6203:Mary Baker Eddy 6163:Sathya Sai Baba 6121:Notable figures 6116: 5973:Sathya Sai Baba 5942:Church of Satan 5798:Nation of Islam 5771:Modern paganism 5620:Neo-charismatic 5464: 5459: 5429: 5424: 5366: 5359: 5269: 5262: 5173: 5172: 5148: 5145: 5115: 5110: 5087: 5041: 5022: 5010:Sacred Journeys 4985: 4964: 4956: 4926: 4920: 4906:Clarendon Press 4896: 4874:10.2307/3711011 4859: 4843: 4839: 4826: 4820: 4807: 4801: 4786: 4780: 4765: 4758: 4745: 4739: 4724: 4718: 4703: 4677: 4648: 4626:10.2307/3509939 4611: 4605: 4585: 4579: 4562: 4556: 4536:Miller, Timothy 4534: 4528: 4511: 4505: 4489: 4483: 4467: 4461: 4445: 4436: 4425: 4415: 4405: 4399: 4379: 4373: 4355: 4349: 4336: 4330: 4317: 4311: 4298: 4291: 4275: 4269: 4256: 4250: 4236:Lewis, James R. 4234: 4228: 4215: 4212:Levine, Saul V. 4205: 4189: 4183: 4165: 4159: 4146: 4140: 4126:Kopkind, Andrew 4124: 4102:10.2307/1385479 4087: 4081: 4063: 4057: 4037: 4031: 4015: 4009: 3992: 3964: 3942: 3936: 3923: 3917: 3900: 3872: 3870: 3841: 3818: 3816: 3784: 3778: 3762: 3756: 3734: 3694: 3672:10.2307/3710215 3656:Foss, Daniel A. 3654: 3648: 3635: 3629: 3612: 3606: 3591: 3569:10.2307/3711456 3554: 3548: 3526: 3513: 3495: 3489: 3473:Collier, Sophia 3471: 3464: 3451: 3445: 3425: 3419: 3403: 3396: 3376: 3370: 3354: 3348: 3328: 3322: 3304: 3298: 3283: 3277: 3259: 3253: 3235: 3229: 3213: 3207: 3187: 3181: 3168: 3161: 3144: 3138: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3108: 3095: 3091: 3086: 3082: 3072:Wayback Machine 3063: 3059: 3050: 3046: 3033: 3029: 3020: 3016: 3006: 3004: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2908: 2904: 2895: 2891: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2855: 2850: 2846: 2841: 2837: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2780: 2775: 2771: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2708: 2703: 2699: 2684:Khushwant Singh 2682: 2681: 2677: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2628:Galanter (1999) 2627: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2588: 2584: 2575: 2574: 2570: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2525: 2521: 2509:Saliba, John A. 2507: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2435: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2414:Wayback Machine 2405: 2401: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2362: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2325: 2323: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2258: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2235: 2225: 2223: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2200: 2196: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2162: 2152: 2148: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2099: 2094: 2090: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2059: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2034: 2029: 2022: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1992: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1944: 1937: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1876: 1875: 1868: 1866: 1845: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1825:Oakland Tribune 1822: 1818: 1813:Greeley Tribune 1810: 1806: 1801: 1790: 1785: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1757: 1748: 1741: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1719:Pilarzyk (1978) 1718: 1703: 1698: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1655: 1646: 1639: 1634: 1627: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1492: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1471: 1466: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1423: 1418: 1414: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1374: 1370: 1361: 1354: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1302: 1293: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1222: 1218: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1161: 1154: 1149: 1134: 1129: 1108: 1103: 1096: 1086: 1084: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1062: 1057: 1050: 1045: 1038: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1011: 1002: 998: 993: 989: 984: 980: 975: 971: 966: 949: 906:Timothy Gallwey 886:Jonathan Cainer 882: 880:Notable members 869:Children of God 846:Daniel Berrigan 838:counter-culture 742: 708: 700:Khushwant Singh 684: 679: 637:carried out by 603: 512:Reinhart Hummel 500: 490: 467:Hans Ji Maharaj 451: 402: 366: 286: 280: 258:In 1972, seven 241: 227: 178: 126: 120: 115: 47:Hans Ji Maharaj 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6818: 6816: 6808: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6737: 6736: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6714:Academic study 6710: 6708: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6668:Anti-Mormonism 6665: 6664: 6663: 6652: 6650: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6640: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6606: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6583: 6581: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6557: 6555: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6421: 6419: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6405: 6403: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6388:Ellen G. White 6385: 6380: 6375: 6373:Rudolf Steiner 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6338:Ahn Sahng-hong 6335: 6330: 6325: 6323:Helena Roerich 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6278:Sun Myung Moon 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6233:L. Ron Hubbard 6230: 6225: 6223:Kelsang Gyatso 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6133:Noble Drew Ali 6130: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6033: 6032: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6010:Sukyo Mahikari 6007: 6006: 6005: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5966: 5956: 5951: 5950: 5949: 5944: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5860:Peoples Temple 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5841: 5840: 5835: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5813:The New Church 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5789: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5737:Jewish Renewal 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5682:Friends of Man 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5568:Brahma Kumaris 5565: 5560: 5554:Bible Students 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5515: 5514: 5504: 5499: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5435: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5422: 5420:Advaitanand Ji 5417: 5415:Rajinder Singh 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5356: 5355: 5345: 5340: 5338:Manavta Mandir 5335: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5307: 5306: 5305: 5303:Ruhani Satsang 5300: 5295: 5290: 5280: 5274: 5272: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5239: 5238: 5228: 5227: 5226: 5221: 5211: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5194: 5189: 5183: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5136: 5129: 5121: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5085: 5083:Millennium '73 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5049: 5047: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5030: 5028: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4972: 4970: 4966: 4965: 4957: 4955: 4954: 4947: 4940: 4932: 4925: 4924: 4918: 4894: 4857: 4837: 4824: 4818: 4805: 4799: 4784: 4778: 4763: 4756: 4743: 4737: 4722: 4716: 4701: 4691:(3): 145–170. 4675: 4657:(2): 279–296. 4646: 4609: 4603: 4583: 4577: 4560: 4554: 4532: 4526: 4509: 4503: 4487: 4481: 4465: 4459: 4443: 4428:|journal= 4403: 4397: 4377: 4371: 4353: 4347: 4334: 4328: 4315: 4309: 4296: 4289: 4273: 4267: 4254: 4248: 4232: 4226: 4209: 4203: 4187: 4181: 4163: 4157: 4144: 4138: 4122: 4085: 4079: 4061: 4055: 4035: 4029: 4013: 4007: 3990: 3968: 3962: 3940: 3934: 3921: 3915: 3898: 3879: 3869:on 19 May 2011 3845:(March 2004). 3839: 3832: 3825: 3794:Psychiatr Serv 3786:Galanter, Marc 3782: 3776: 3764:Galanter, Marc 3760: 3754: 3736:Galanter, Marc 3732: 3696:Galanter, Marc 3692: 3652: 3646: 3633: 3627: 3610: 3604: 3589: 3552: 3546: 3524: 3517: 3511: 3493: 3487: 3469: 3462: 3449: 3443: 3423: 3417: 3401: 3394: 3374: 3368: 3356:Bromley, David 3352: 3346: 3326: 3320: 3302: 3296: 3281: 3275: 3257: 3251: 3233: 3227: 3215:Barker, Eileen 3211: 3205: 3189:Barker, Eileen 3185: 3179: 3166: 3159: 3142: 3136: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3106: 3089: 3080: 3057: 3044: 3027: 3014: 2989: 2976: 2967: 2951: 2942: 2933: 2924: 2915: 2902: 2889: 2880: 2871: 2862: 2853: 2844: 2835: 2814: 2805: 2796: 2787: 2778: 2769: 2760: 2751: 2742: 2727: 2718: 2706: 2697: 2675: 2663: 2654: 2639: 2630: 2618: 2609: 2600: 2591: 2582: 2568: 2554: 2533: 2519: 2501: 2492: 2483: 2474: 2465: 2456: 2447: 2438: 2426: 2417: 2399: 2378: 2369: 2360: 2342: 2333: 2320:"Manav Dharam" 2311: 2291: 2289:Downton (1979) 2282: 2273: 2251: 2242: 2233: 2207: 2194: 2173: 2146: 2127: 2118: 2109: 2097: 2088: 2075: 2066: 2057: 2044: 2032: 2020: 2011: 2002: 1990: 1981: 1972: 1963: 1954: 1942: 1935: 1913: 1890: 1838: 1829: 1827:. 23 May 1974. 1816: 1804: 1788: 1776: 1767: 1755: 1739: 1730: 1721: 1701: 1683: 1674: 1665: 1653: 1637: 1625: 1621:New York Times 1612: 1598: 1589: 1580: 1571: 1562: 1553: 1541: 1532: 1523: 1521:Collier (1978) 1511: 1502: 1490: 1481: 1469: 1457: 1448: 1435: 1421: 1412: 1399: 1390: 1388:Moritz, (1974) 1381: 1368: 1352: 1343: 1334: 1325: 1309: 1300: 1296:New York Times 1287: 1278: 1269: 1260: 1251: 1238: 1229: 1216: 1198: 1189: 1176: 1167: 1152: 1132: 1106: 1094: 1072: 1060: 1048: 1036: 1027: 1018: 1016:Aagaard (1980) 1009: 996: 987: 978: 968: 967: 965: 962: 961: 960: 955: 948: 945: 944: 943: 941:Johnny Rodgers 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 891:Sophia Collier 888: 881: 878: 808:Saul V. Levine 785:military junta 768:community, an 754:religious sect 741: 738: 707: 704: 683: 680: 678: 675: 602: 599: 568: 567: 564: 561: 558: 555: 545:indoctrination 531:, service and 489: 486: 462:Union Minister 450: 447: 401: 400:Westernization 398: 365: 362: 330:PBS Television 294:Houston, Texas 284:Millennium '73 282:Main article: 279: 278:Millennium '73 276: 240: 237: 226: 223: 177: 174: 170:Perfect Master 137:Swarupanand Ji 119: 116: 114: 111: 99:Satpal Maharaj 94:Millennium '73 79:religious sect 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6817: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6705: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6662: 6659: 6658: 6657: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6611: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6578: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6552: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6535:Self religion 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6465:Doomsday cult 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6288:Nakayama Miki 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6273:Nikkyō Niwano 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6153:Sri Aurobindo 6151: 6149: 6148:Shoko Asahara 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6107:Word of Faith 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5948: 5947:Temple of Set 5945: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5830: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5803:New Acropolis 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5707:Heaven's Gate 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5667:Discordianism 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5601: 5598: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5529:Anthroposophy 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5456: 5451: 5449: 5444: 5442: 5437: 5436: 5433: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 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