900:, and to aid in the salvation of souls by instructing them in their homes. ... Family religion is waning in many branches. And what avails public preaching alone, though we could preach like angels? We must, yea, every traveling preacher must instruct the people from house to house." The Presbyterian Church (USA) is structured so that there is parity between lay leaders and pastors. Deacons and elders are ordained, with specific duties.
66:
797:. It is perhaps the first pastoral work written, although he was only a deacon when he penned it. It stresses the dignity of the priesthood. The priest, it says, is greater than kings, angels, or parents, but priests are for that reason most tempted to pride and ambition. They, more than anyone else, need clear and unshakable wisdom, patience that disarms pride, and exceptional prudence in dealing with souls.
912:
512:. He emphasized that pastoral care should strengthen the freedom and autonomy of individual members within a congregation. As early as 1777, the field of Pastoral Theology was introduced into the curriculum of the University of Vienna (Austria) under Franz Stephan Rautenstrauch, and was taught in the national language rather than Latin. In Germany, it was further developed and disseminated primarily by
221:
551:
Pastoral
Psychology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pastoralpsychologie – DGfP). The five approaches are clinical pastoral care (Klinische Seelsorge Ausbildung - KSA), the group-organisation-system approach (Gruppe-Organisation, System), the Gestalt and psychodrama approach (Gestalt und Psychodrama), the person-centric approach (Personenzentriert) and the depth psychology approach (Tiefenpsychologie).
113:
25:
163:
539:, and pastoral psychotherapy. This distinction can still be found nowadays, especially in written English papers. According to this definition, pastoral care describes the general work of the clergy of taking care of the people in their community. This comprises funerals, hospital visits, birthday visits or dialogues that do not focus only on a specific problem.
811:
490:. The Latin term "cura animarum" (care of souls) emerged as the proper responsibility of the bishop as the pastor responsible for individual Christians, which he usually delegated to a priest, typically the parish priest. In this sense, "cura animarum" is also used in today's canon law of the Roman Catholic Church.
871:
is. The core practices of a pastor's ministry in mainline
Protestant churches include leading worship, preaching, pastoral care, outreach, and supporting the work of the congregation. Theological Seminaries provide a curriculum that supports these key facets of ministry. Pastors are often expected to
550:
christian approaches to pastoral care include contemporary psychological knowledge, which is reflected in the training of pastoral care practitioners. For example, in
Germany, the distinctions and the curricula of the different pastoral care training approaches, are provided by the German Society for
372:
Pastoral Care is a
Christian approach to improve mental distress and has been practiced since the formation of the Christian Church. By offering guidance and counsel, it is an easy and often preferred contact point for religious people seeking help with psychological problems or personal issues. The
761:
has emphasized that the
Sacrament of Penance, or Reconciliation, is for the forgiveness of sins and not counseling and as such should not be confused with or incorporated into the therapy given to a person by a priest, even if the therapist priest is also their confessor. The two processes, both of
485:
During the Middle Ages, pastoral care was closely tied to the practice of the sacrament of penance, which included confession of sins, making amends, and absolution by the priest. Against the often mechanized routine, particularly from the monastic tradition, efforts were made to address this, such
349:
Just as the theory and philosophy behind modern pastoral care are not dependent on any one set of beliefs or traditions, pastoral care itself is guided by a broad framework. This involves personal support and outreach and is rooted in a practice of relating with the inner world of individuals from
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as "pastoral associates" or "pastoral assistants", lay people who serve in ministerial or administrative roles, assisting the priest in his work, but who are not ordained clerics. They are responsible, among other things, for the spiritual care of frail and housebound as well as for running a
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and organizing religious activities. "Pastoral ministry" includes outreach, encouragement, support, counseling and other care for members and friends of the congregation. In many churches, there are groups like deacons that provide outreach and support, often led and supported by the pastor.
526:
In the mid-1960s, the pastoral care movement spread to
Germany through the Netherlands, leading to the development of Pastoral Psychology. In the theology of the regional churches (Landeskirchen), pastoral care with a focus on pastoral psychology remains a standard practice to this day.
353:
Pastoral care is usually provided in the form of the practitioner and client sitting with each other and the client shares personal details while the practitioner keeps it private and offers guidance and counsel. In many private schools in
Australia, usually Catholic schools,
391:
Pastoral care occurs in various contexts, including congregations, hospital chaplaincy, crisis intervention, prison chaplaincy, psychiatry, telephone helplines, counseling centers, senior care facilities, disability work, hospices, end-of-life care, grief support, and more.
725:(Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Extreme Unction, Holy Orders, Matrimony) that is reserved to consecrated priests except for Baptism (in an emergency, anyone can baptize) and marriage, where the spouses are the ministers and the priest is the witness. Pastoral
458:
of
Caesarea mainly understood this as the concern of individuals for their own souls. Increasingly, the role of pastoral caregivers was seen as assisting individual Christians in this endeavor. The first pastoral movement emerged among the
437:, tending to needs, strengthening the weak, encouragement, feeding the flock, making provision, shielding, refreshing, restoring, leading by example to move people on in their pursuit of holiness, comforting, guiding (Ps 78:52; 23).
586:. Surveys have shown that more than two thirds of patients support non-religious pastoral care being available in British institutions. Similar offerings are available from humanist groups around Europe and North America.
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and their role caring for sheep. Christians were the first to adopt the term for metaphorical usage, although many religions and non-religious traditions place an emphasis on care and social responsibility. In the West,
358:
is referred to as "PCG" (pastoral care group), "pastoral period", or simply "pastoral", where the teacher is called a "PCA" (pastoral care advisor). As in
Romania, a 'PCA' also performs the role of a counsellor.
463:, who were often visited by Christians seeking advice; however, this was not yet referred to as pastoral care. Similarly, the early monastic-like communities served as such pastoral care centers. The letters of
1527:
523:, one of the key figures in the American pastoral care movement, developed the concept of "Clinical Pastoral Training" in the 1920s. This concept integrated pastoral care, psychology, and education.
562:
groups, which act on behalf of non-religious people, have developed pastoral care offerings in response to growing demand for the provision of like-minded support from populations undergoing rapid
717:
is considered to be the responsibility of all the baptized. Understood in the broad sense of "helping others", pastoral ministry is the responsibility of all
Christians. Sacramental pastoral
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Pastoral care is an ancient model of emotional and spiritual support that can be found in all cultures and traditions. Historically Christian but is now a multi faith community.
535:
The field of pastoral care is nowadays very specialized. Browning (1993) divided Christian care giving practices into three different categories which are pastoral care,
1522:
Arnold, Bruce Makoto, "Shepherding a Flock of a Different Fleece: A Historical and Social Analysis of the Unique Attributes of the African American Pastoral Caregiver".
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In the ancient church, pastoral care primarily revolved around the Christian's struggle against sin, which jeopardized their ultimate salvation. The theologians
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Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.
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Among the Reformers, the emphasis shifted from the focus on sin to the emphasis on God's forgiveness and comfort, particularly evident in the works of
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737:) applied the word "pastoral" to a variety of situations involving care of souls; on this point, go to the link to Monsignor Gherardini's lecture).
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for the sick and infirm is one of the most significant ways that members of the Body of Christ continue the ministry and mission of Jesus. Pastoral
574:, a network of trained and accredited volunteers and professionals who operate throughout prisons, hospitals, and universities in the UK. The terms
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and tied to Christian beliefs. Institutional pastoral care departments in Europe are increasingly multi-faith and inclusive of non-religious,
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388:) which broadly means "accompaniment", "encouragement", "admonition" and "consolation" (e.g. Rom 12:8; Phil 2:1; 1 Tim 4:13; 1 Thess 5:14).
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composed the "Liber Regulae Pastoris", directed towards the Pope, one of the most influential books on pastoral care (cura) ever written.
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multitude of tasks associated with the sacramental life of the Church. If priests have the necessary qualifications in counseling or in
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contain numerous examples of pastoral counsel; the term "pastoral care" shifted towards a concern for the souls of others
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1052:"3: Public perceptions of chaplains and non-religious pastoral carers 4:Religious and non-religious beliefs in society"
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forms of support, including atheist and religious communities. It is also an important form of support found in many
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Act new guidance is provided for the care of patients and service users whatever their religion or belief.
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that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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was understood differently at different times in history. A significant development occurred after the
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1426:"Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pastoralpsychologie e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pastoralpsychologie"
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has since expanded into pastoral care embracing many different religions and non-religious beliefs.
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1402:"Philip Schaff: NPNF2-08. Basil: Letters and Select Works - Christian Classics Ethereal Library"
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in 1215 (more on this in the link to Father Boyle's lecture below). The Second Vatican Council (
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380:, the interactions that are described with the term "pastoral care" are also described with
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In the early church the term 'Poimenic' was used to describe this task of soul-care. In the
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instructs clergy with the following words: "We should endeavor to assist those under our
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which are privileged and confidential under civil and canon law, are separate by nature.
1554:(Ashgate, Aldershot, 2006) (Explorations in Practical, Pastoral and Empirical Theology).
65:
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Renewing Pastoral Practice: Trinitarian Perspectives on Pastoral Care and Counselling
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Workers: Pastoral Care Givers, Chaplains, Spiritual Accompanist, Spiritual Directors
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Nowadays, there exist many approaches to pastoral care which vary according to their
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model for pastoral care is based on the stories about how Jesus was healing people.
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as part of their pastoral ministry of souls. However, the church hierarchy under
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Woldemichael, Meaza T.; Broesterhuizen, Marcel; Liègeois, Axel (December 2013).
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Pastoral care as a contemporary term is distinguished from traditional pastoral
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1177:"Christian Pastoral Care and Psychotherapy: A Need for Theoretical Clarity"
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501:. In many cases, however, church discipline soon replaced pastoral care.
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773:. It is common for Youth workers/ministers to be involved in pastoral
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support. The term is considered inclusive of distinctly religious and
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1561:(Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2008) (Gender in the Middle Ages, 3).
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are preferred because these sound less religious than terms such as
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993:"Jane Flint: 'Having an atheist chaplain is about patient choice'"
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are also finding a place within parishes, and this involves their
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The priesthood obligations of Orthodox clergymen are outlined by
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1367:, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pp. 342–351,
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
516:, and is considered a precursor to modern pastoral care.
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Sull'indole pastorale del Vaticano II: una valutazione
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recognising values and principles; morals and ethics,
183:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
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1497:
The Constitution of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)
1125:"Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy and Pastoral Guidance"
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984:
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980:
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1573:
The God Gene: How Faith is Hardwired into Our Genes
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The Pastoral Care of Women in Late Medieval England
1365:
Nachdenkliche Seelsorge - seelsorgliches Nachdenken
417:The Bible does not explicitly define the role of a
1477:The Discipline of the Evangelical Wesleyan Church
1600:The Pastoral Nature of Vatican II: An Evaluation
1532:Multi-faith Centre, University of Canberra, 2013
595:Compare and contrast pastoral care and pastoral
16:Model of emotional, social and spiritual support
1610:(Frigento, Italy: Casa Mariana Editrice, 2011).
652:for individuals and small groups like families
504:In the 19th century, the Protestant theologian
1056:Non-Religious Pastoral Care: A Practical Guide
346:approaches to providing support and comfort.
8:
1524:The Journal of Pastoral Care and Counseling,
1278:"University of Canberra, Multi-faith Centre"
1101:"University of Canberra, Multi-faith Centre"
964:"University of Canberra, Multi-faith Centre"
777:and are required to have a qualification in
1608:Concilio Vaticano II, un concilio pastorale
1594:St. Thomas Aquinas and the Third Millennium
1545:Pastoral Theology in an Intercultural World
781:before entering into this arm of ministry.
123:promotes the subject in a subjective manner
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1614:
421:but associates it with teaching. Pastoral
244:. Please do not remove this message until
1602:, by Brunero Gherardini. Translation of:
1566:Evaluating Models of Christian Counseling
1181:Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling
1087:"NSW Government, Department of Education"
851:Learn how and when to remove this message
282:Learn how and when to remove this message
264:Learn how and when to remove this message
203:Learn how and when to remove this message
145:Learn how and when to remove this message
863:There are many assumptions about what a
593:
240:Relevant discussion may be found on the
179:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1547:(Cleveland, (OH), Pilgrim Press, 2006).
952:
1494:(U.S.A.), Presbyterian Church (1994).
1359:Morgenthaler, Christoph (2012-04-04),
572:Non-Religious Pastoral Support Network
478:At the transition to the Middle Ages,
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1336:
991:Hélène Mulholland (25 October 2017).
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625:Implementation of a system of belief
7:
1568:(Eugene (OR), Wipf and Stock, 2011).
1361:"Verzeichnis der Veröffentlichungen"
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120:This article contains wording that
1500:. Office of the General Assembly.
590:Pastoral care vs pastoral ministry
125:without imparting real information
14:
1540:(San Francisco, HarperOne, 2006).
1123:Rizzuto, Ana-María (March 1998).
77:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
34:This article has multiple issues.
1345:Lexikon fur Theologie und Kirche
1020:"NHS Chaplaincy Guidelines 2015"
910:
809:
219:
161:
111:
64:
23:
1659:Christian religious occupations
1230:Cole, Allan Hugh (2010-07-09).
42:or discuss these issues on the
740:Many Catholic parishes employ
1:
1058:. Routledge. pp. 34–56.
721:is the administration of the
1319:. Partnership. p. 227.
1543:Emmanuel Yartekwei Lartey,
1526:Vol. 66, No. 2. (June 2012
1481:Evangelical Wesleyan Church
1450:"Humanist Pastoral Support"
1232:"What Makes Care Pastoral?"
931:Clinical pastoral education
894:Evangelical Wesleyan Church
655:Support: From a particular
570:, for example, manages the
246:conditions to do so are met
1687:
1430:www.pastoralpsychologie.de
1373:10.13109/9783666624179.342
1193:10.1177/154230501306700406
1141:10.1177/002234099805200109
872:also be involved in local
793:(347–407) in his treatise
555:Humanist and non-religious
321:and religious traditions.
1248:10.1007/s11089-010-0296-5
1317:Church Leaders Hand Book
1129:Journal of Pastoral Care
506:Friedrich Schleiermacher
90:may contain suggestions.
75:may need to be rewritten
1575:. New York: Doubleday.
1315:Rowdon, Harold (2002).
742:lay ecclesial ministers
521:Anton Theophilus Boisen
1050:Savage, David (2018).
831:by rewriting it in an
731:Fourth Lateran Council
544:religious denomination
519:In the United States,
439:
433:…Shepherding involves
1664:Christian terminology
684:Ministers of Religion
514:Johann Michael Sailer
448:Clement of Alexandria
431:
338:, which is primarily
1571:Hamer, Dean (2004).
1483:. 2015. p. 108.
688:Pastoral Counselling
659:for the masses like
488:Bernard of Clairvaux
469:Gregory of Nazianzus
172:factual accuracy is
1669:Religion and health
1596:, by Leonard Boyle.
1557:Beth Allison Barr,
1538:Spiritual Direction
1296:"Ephesians 4:10–12"
1236:Pastoral Psychology
926:Clearness committee
876:, such as hospital
751:pastoral counseling
657:systematic theology
599:
537:pastoral counseling
384:(Greek: παράκλησις
350:all walks of life.
233:of this article is
833:encyclopedic style
820:is written like a
765:Youth workers and
661:organised religion
650:systematic beliefs
606:Pastoral ministry
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566:, such as the UK.
510:Practical Theology
499:Heinrich Bullinger
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1645:
1382:978-3-525-62417-3
1326:978-0-900128-23-3
892:For example, the
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402:relates to
1653:Categories
1461:5 February
1435:2023-08-18
1411:2023-08-20
1388:2023-08-20
1301:2008-12-09
1071:18 January
1032:18 January
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947:References
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779:counseling
735:Vatican II
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614:Classical
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368:Definition
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39:improve it
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841:June 2022
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425:involves
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242:talk page
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