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239:. Average citizens had few options for claiming compensation as they had no representatives to speak on their behalf. Foreigners whose property was damaged or destroyed by rioters or bandits were usually also unable to obtain compensation from the Mexican government and they began to appeal to their own governments for help and compensation.
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246:
in 1830, and after the establishment of diplomatic relationships France rapidly became Mexico's third largest trade partner. However, French goods were subject to higher taxes as France had yet to secure trade agreements similar to those which had been established by the United States and United
298:). However, Mexican sources claim that the officers, from Santa Anna's government, simply refused to pay their bills. Remontel demanded 60,000 pesos as reparations for the damage (his shop was valued at less than 1,000 pesos).
400:
and surveyed the defenses of
Veracruz. He offered his services to the government, which ordered him to fight the French by any means necessary. He led Mexican forces against the French and fought at the
235:
During the early years of the new
Mexican republic there was widespread civil disorder as factions competed for control of the country. The fighting often resulted in the destruction or looting of
1592:
421:
as damages to French citizens while France received promises for future trade commitments in place of war indemnities. However, this amount was never paid and that was later used as one of the
301:
In view of
Remontel's complaint (which gave its name to the ensuing conflict) and of other complaints from French nationals (among them the looting in 1828 of French shops at the
1051:
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223:-brokered peace. The intervention followed many claims by French nationals of losses due to unrest in Mexico. This would be the first of two French invasions of Mexico; a
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to stop
Mexican smugglers. One smuggling party abandoned their cargo of about a hundred barrels of flour on the beach at the mouth of the bay, thus giving
220:
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409:. His leg was amputated and buried with full military honors. Exploiting his wounds with eloquent propaganda, Santa Anna catapulted back to power.
772:
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The French forces withdrew on 9 March 1839 after a peace treaty was signed. As part of said treaty the
Mexican government agreed to pay 600,000
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360:, which was the most important port on the Gulf coast. French forces captured Veracruz by December 1838 and Mexico declared war on France.
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in 1870, Mexico and France would not resume diplomatic relationships until 1880 when both countries renounced claims related to the wars.
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371:). Fearing that France would blockade the Republic's ports as well, a battalion of Texan forces began patrolling
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479:"L'expansion commerciale française au Mexique et les causes du conflit franco-mexicain de 1838–1839"
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chef known only as
Monsieur Remontel claimed that in 1832 Mexican officers looted his shop in
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Commercial relationships between France and Mexico existed prior to Spain's recognition of
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and the execution in 1837 of a French citizen accused of piracy), in 1838 prime minister
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Instituto
Nacional de Estudios Históricos de las Revoluciones de México
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With trade cut off, the
Mexicans began smuggling imports in Mexico via
537:"Acuerdo entre México y Francia pone fin a la Guerra de los Pasteles"
397:
392:, known for his military leadership, came out of retirement from his
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made no payment, the French king ordered a fleet under Rear
Admiral
199:(1838–1839), began in November 1838 with the naval blockade of some
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558:
Mexico Today: An
Encyclopedia of Contemporary History and Culture
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Factores, Bases y Fundamentos de la Política Exterior de México
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Following the Mexican victory in 1867 and the collapse of the
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Meanwhile, acting without explicit government authority,
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19th-century military history of the United Kingdom
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286:In a complaint to King Louis-Philippe, a French
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247:Kingdom, Mexico's two largest trade partners.
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1588:19th-century military history of France
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511:"Los Pasteles Más Caros de la Historia"
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385:to help the French in their blockade.
16:1838–1839 war between Mexico and France
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1573:Second French intervention in Mexico
1134:Second Franco-Dahomean War (1892–94)
1149:Voulet–Chanoine Mission (1898–1900)
1139:Second Madagascar expedition (1895)
193:first French intervention in Mexico
14:
1568:Wars involving the United Kingdom
1109:French conquest of Senegal (1854)
643:Velázquez Flores, Rafael (2007).
596:Nofi, Albert A. (21 March 1994).
457:"The Mexican Campaign, 1862–1867"
294:(then a town on the outskirts of
1498:Ouvéa cave hostage taking (1988)
1189:Intervention in Mexico (1861–67)
1129:First Franco-Dahomean War (1890)
1022:Burma–France relations (1729–56)
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274:attack the residence of General
219:. It ended in March 1839 with a
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1363:Tunisian independence (1952–56)
1144:Menalamba rebellion (1895-1903)
982:French and Indian War (1754–60)
647:. Plaza y Valdés, p. 117.
583:"The Pastry War, 175 Years Ago"
278:in Veracruz, 1838. Painting by
227:would take place in the 1860s.
51:27 November 1838 – 9 March 1839
1413:Holy Man's Rebellion (1901–36)
1353:Kongo-Wara rebellion (1928–31)
1244:Cochinchina Campaign (1858–62)
997:Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)
1:
1478:First Indochina War (1946–54)
1229:Franco-Tahitian War (1844–47)
427:French intervention in Mexico
1291:Franco-Siamese crisis (1893)
875:King William's War (1689–97)
396:named "Manga de Clavo" near
350:bombard the Mexican fortress
336:of all Mexican ports on the
1358:Malagasy Uprising (1947–48)
1184:Argentina–Uruguay (1845–50)
1057:Egypt and Syria (1798–1801)
972:King George's War (1744–48)
390:Antonio López de Santa Anna
356:, and to seize the city of
332:to declare and carry out a
225:second, larger intervention
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1239:French conquest of Vietnam
952:Queen Anne's War (1702–13)
1463:Franco-Thai War (1940–41)
1259:Sino-French War (1884–85)
1254:Tonkin Campaign (1883–86)
1174:Río de la Plata (1838–40)
1002:Santo Domingo (1795–1809)
712:French colonial conflicts
631:November 4, 2013, at the
560:. ABC-Clio, p. 135.
520:October 18, 2013, at the
403:Battle of Veracruz (1838)
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1583:Looting in North America
1338:Volta-Bani War (1915–16)
1202:Asia & Pacific Ocean
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197:first Franco-Mexican war
1473:South Vietnam (1945–46)
1343:Kaocen revolt (1916–17)
1271:Second Opium War (1860)
1264:North Vietnam (1886–96)
1249:North Vietnam (1873–74)
1052:East Indies (1793–1801)
987:North America (1778–83)
855:North America (1627–29)
845:Beaver Wars (1609–1701)
495:10.3406/hispa.1973.4100
477:Penot, Jacques (1973).
163:224 killed and wounded
1578:19th century in Mexico
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181:Guerra de los pasteles
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1558:Wars involving Mexico
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1169:West Indies (1804–10)
1124:Ivory Coast (1883–98)
1047:East Indies (1778–83)
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967:Natchez revolt (1729)
927:West Africa (1758–63)
860:West Indies (1635–59)
733:South Carolina (1562)
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244:Mexico's independence
191:), also known as the
155:Casualties and losses
880:Santo Domingo (1691)
677:at Wikimedia Commons
581:Klein, Christopher.
434:Second French Empire
326:Anastasio Bustamante
270:French troops under
1333:Zaian War (1914–21)
1318:Wadai War (1906–11)
1094:Algeria (1835–1903)
1042:Vietnam (1777–1820)
992:Caribbean (1778–83)
483:Bulletin Hispanique
280:Pharamond Blanchard
272:Prince de Joinville
1383:Ifni War (1957–58)
1378:Suez Crisis (1956)
621:"Santa Anna's Leg"
461:Fondation Napoléon
373:Corpus Christi Bay
367:(then part of the
307:Louis-Mathieu Molé
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1528:Conflicts in 1839
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600:. Da Capo Press.
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541:Plumas Libres
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38:Horace Vernet
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1304:20th century
1281:Korea (1866)
1178:
1070:19th century
913:18th century
786:17th century
719:16th century
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86:Belligerents
77:Inconclusive
33:
1214:Java (1811)
1104:Salé (1851)
489:: 169–201.
377:Flour Bluff
313:(3 million
296:Mexico City
1517:Categories
675:Pastry War
346:Rio Grande
251:Chronology
231:Background
173:Pastry War
134:Santa Anna
22:Pastry War
429:of 1861.
407:grapeshot
1162:Americas
945:Americas
838:Americas
629:Archived
518:Archived
394:hacienda
382:Woodbury
358:Veracruz
334:blockade
292:Tacubaya
140:Strength
63:Veracruz
58:Location
1491:Pacific
344:to the
342:Yucatán
221:British
207:in the
201:Mexican
195:or the
177:Spanish
1311:Africa
1077:Africa
920:Africa
793:Africa
651:
604:
564:
398:Xalapa
315:Francs
288:pastry
276:Arista
185:French
150:1 fort
148:3,229
113:
101:France
98:
74:Result
67:Mexico
440:Notes
419:pesos
348:, to
340:from
311:pesos
145:3,000
1401:Asia
1015:Asia
893:Asia
649:ISBN
602:ISBN
562:ISBN
171:The
48:Date
491:doi
352:of
321:).
211:by
1519::
623:,
573:^
549:^
539:.
528:^
513:,
503:^
487:75
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469:^
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448:^
187::
183:;
179::
65:,
36:,
704:e
697:t
690:v
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493::
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282:.
175:(
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