35:
156:
304:
PLYV was first recognized in the 1980s, and has always been restricted to a relatively small geographical area. Therefore, it is not likely that the virus has been introduced to other regions. It is more likely that the virus was present in wild hosts and jumped to papaya plants once this crop became
316:, soil, and contaminated water. The virus can be detected on the surface of seeds of infected fruits, but it is not detected in the embryo or in seeds harvested from infected roots. As a result, the virus is likely spread by infected plantlets or growers using contaminated tools.
319:
PLYV is very stable and in one experiment was detected in dried roots and leaves maintained at room temperature up to 120 days. This shows that the virus has high stability in non living plant tissues, which further explains how it can be spread by human actions. PLYV has a
356:
production, and where the papaya crop ranks above strawberries and below grapefruit in total production. The risk of mechanical transmission is high because trees are grown at a high density of 1,500 to 2,500 per hectare in commercial production.
236:
4145 nt in length, and causes progressive leaf yellowing and greenish circular spots on the fruits. Control of this virus is of economic importance in
Northeast Brazil, as 60% of Brazilâs papaya production occurs there.
284:
at the top of the plant begin turning yellow and eventually fall off. This usually occurs in the upper third of the canopy and death of the plant usually occurs soon after the leaves wilt and die. The
536:
Daltro, Cleidiane B. Daltro; Ălvaro J. Pereira; Renan S. Cascardo; Poliane
Alfenas-Zerbini; José Evando A. Bezerra-Junior; José Albérsio A. Lima; Francisco Murilo Zerbini; Eduardo C. Andrade (2012).
391:"Analysis of the full-length genome sequence of papaya lethal yellowing virus (PLYV), determined by deep sequencing, confirms its classification in the genus Sobemovirus"
603:
767:
800:
436:
Silva, A.M.R.; Kitajima, E.W.; Souza, M.V.; Resende, R. (1997). "Papaya lethal yellowing virus: a possible member of the
Tombusvirus genus".
636:
do
Nascimento, Ana LĂșcia Lopes; JosĂ© Albersio de Araujo Lima; Aline Kelly Queiroz do Nascimento; Maria de FĂĄtima Barros Gonçalves (2010).
340:
agricultural tools that have been exposed to PLYV, and adopting growing techniques that reduce human-assisted transmission of the virus.
745:
613:
586:
34:
772:
538:"Genetic variability of papaya lethal yellowing virus isolates from CearĂĄ and Rio Grande do Norte states, Brazil"
255:
209:
579:
Virus and Virus-like
Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries (Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine)
466:
Lima, J.A.A.; Nascimento, A. K. Q.; Lima, R. C. A.; Purcifull, D. E. (2012). "Papaya lethal yellowing virus".
199:
366:
191:
795:
707:
492:
Nascimento, A.K.Q.; Lima, J.A.A.; Nascimento, A.L.L.; Beserra, E.A. Jr; Purcifull, D.E. (22 June 2010).
313:
273:
312:
is known for PLYV is known, it is known to be spread by human actions, including contaminated hands,
203:
29:
222:
418:
267:
261:
754:
687:
609:
582:
515:
410:
195:
679:
552:
505:
471:
402:
321:
494:"Biological, physical, and molecular properties of a Papaya lethal yellowing virus isolate"
95:
293:
670:
Gonsalves, Dennis (1998). "Control of Papata
Ringspot Virus in Papaya: A Case Study".
389:
Pereira, AJ; Alfenas-Zerbini, P; Cascardo, RS; Andrade, EC; Murilo
Zerbini, F (2012).
789:
187:
119:
107:
71:
557:
422:
155:
759:
683:
337:
309:
83:
637:
537:
730:
390:
739:
246:
175:
171:
131:
475:
406:
250:
218:
581:. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 498â501.
510:
493:
333:
59:
691:
519:
414:
724:
289:
638:"Serology and surviving characteristics of Papaya lethal yellowing viru"
332:
PLYV can be controlled in various ways. These include use of virus-free
225:
and has no confirmed biological vectors. PLYV consists of a 36 kDa
353:
349:
281:
233:
226:
214:
179:
701:
285:
154:
46:
705:
230:
249:
study, the virus only infected members of the papaya family
605:
Diseases of Fruits and
Vegetables: Diagnosis and Management
305:
widely cultivated in that area (i.e. northeastern Brazil).
280:
The signs of the virus begin to become visible when the
245:
As the name implies, PLYV is very host-specific. In an
714:
348:Control of the virus is economically important in
288:in some studies was found to be delayed in the
384:
382:
178:, that causes lethal yellowing disease of the
8:
602:Ventura, S.A.M.H. Naqvi. Vol., ed. (2004).
702:
18:
556:
509:
336:, eradication of virus-infected plants,
378:
352:, which contributes about 25% of world
572:
570:
568:
631:
629:
627:
625:
531:
529:
487:
485:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
7:
174:, tentatively assigned to the genus
159:Carica papaya MS4113 (non-diseased)
801:Viral plant pathogens and diseases
14:
33:
672:Annual Review of Phytopathology
558:10.1590/s1982-56762012000100004
684:10.1146/annurev.phyto.36.1.415
608:. Springer. pp. 246â248.
229:protein and a single-stranded
1:
746:Papaya lethal yellowing virus
716:Papaya lethal yellowing virus
164:Papaya Lethal Yellowing Virus
146:Papaya lethal yellowing virus
23:Papaya lethal yellowing virus
468:The Plant Health Instructor
817:
645:Revista CiĂȘncia AgronĂŽmica
476:10.1094/PHI-I-2013-0123-01
577:Loebenstein, Gad (2003).
407:10.1007/s00705-012-1384-x
256:Chenopodium amaranticolor
253:, whereas other species (
28:
21:
545:Tropical Plant Pathology
438:Fitopatologia Brasileira
511:10.1094/PDIS-11-09-0733
367:List of papaya diseases
200:Vasconcellea cauliflora
185:The virus infects only
221:. It is only found in
192:Jacaratia heterophylla
160:
324:point of 80 °C.
277:) were not infected.
274:Nicotiana benthamiana
158:
395:Archives of Virology
322:thermal inactivation
172:viral plant pathogen
30:Virus classification
223:Northeastern Brazil
314:agricultural tools
241:Hosts and symptoms
170:) is an isometric
161:
783:
782:
708:Taxon identifiers
504:(10): 1206â1210.
401:(10): 2009â2011.
310:biological vector
153:
152:
808:
776:
775:
763:
762:
750:
749:
748:
735:
734:
733:
703:
696:
695:
667:
661:
660:
658:
656:
642:
633:
620:
619:
599:
593:
592:
574:
563:
562:
560:
542:
533:
524:
523:
513:
489:
480:
479:
463:
442:
441:
433:
427:
426:
386:
292:process and the
38:
37:
19:
16:Species of virus
816:
815:
811:
810:
809:
807:
806:
805:
786:
785:
784:
779:
771:
766:
758:
753:
744:
743:
738:
729:
728:
723:
710:
700:
699:
669:
668:
664:
654:
652:
640:
635:
634:
623:
616:
601:
600:
596:
589:
576:
575:
566:
540:
535:
534:
527:
491:
490:
483:
465:
464:
445:
435:
434:
430:
388:
387:
380:
375:
363:
346:
330:
302:
243:
213:, all from the
149:
97:Pisoniviricetes
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
814:
812:
804:
803:
798:
788:
787:
781:
780:
778:
777:
764:
751:
736:
720:
718:
712:
711:
706:
698:
697:
662:
621:
614:
594:
587:
564:
525:
481:
443:
440:(22): 529â534.
428:
377:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
362:
359:
345:
342:
329:
326:
301:
298:
242:
239:
210:V. quercifolia
151:
150:
143:
141:
137:
136:
129:
125:
124:
117:
113:
112:
105:
101:
100:
93:
89:
88:
81:
77:
76:
69:
65:
64:
57:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
813:
802:
799:
797:
796:Sobemoviruses
794:
793:
791:
774:
769:
765:
761:
756:
752:
747:
741:
737:
732:
726:
722:
721:
719:
717:
713:
709:
704:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
666:
663:
650:
646:
639:
632:
630:
628:
626:
622:
617:
611:
607:
606:
598:
595:
590:
584:
580:
573:
571:
569:
565:
559:
554:
550:
546:
539:
532:
530:
526:
521:
517:
512:
507:
503:
499:
498:Plant Disease
495:
488:
486:
482:
477:
473:
469:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
444:
439:
432:
429:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
385:
383:
379:
372:
368:
365:
364:
360:
358:
355:
351:
343:
341:
339:
335:
327:
325:
323:
317:
315:
311:
306:
300:Disease cycle
299:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
275:
270:
269:
264:
263:
258:
257:
252:
248:
240:
238:
235:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:
206:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:Carica papaya
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
157:
148:
147:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:Solemoviridae
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
109:Sobelivirales
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:
94:
91:
90:
87:
86:
82:
79:
78:
75:
74:
73:Orthornavirae
70:
67:
66:
63:
62:
58:
55:
52:
51:
48:
45:
42:
41:
36:
31:
27:
24:
20:
715:
675:
671:
665:
653:. Retrieved
651:(3): 448â455
648:
644:
604:
597:
578:
551:(1): 37â43.
548:
544:
501:
497:
467:
437:
431:
398:
394:
347:
338:disinfecting
331:
318:
307:
303:
296:turns hard.
279:
272:
266:
260:
254:
244:
208:
186:
184:
167:
163:
162:
145:
144:
132:
120:
108:
96:
85:Pisuviricota
84:
72:
60:
53:
43:(unranked):
22:
740:Wikispecies
678:: 415â437.
247:inoculation
176:Sobemovirus
133:Sobemovirus
790:Categories
655:25 October
615:1402018231
588:1402012306
373:References
344:Importance
328:Management
251:Caricaceae
219:Caricaceae
204:V. monoica
196:J. spinosa
731:Q16987315
334:plantlets
308:While no
268:C. quinoa
262:C. murale
140:Species:
68:Kingdom:
61:Riboviria
725:Wikidata
692:15012507
520:30743613
423:16080956
415:22743825
361:See also
290:ripening
116:Family:
80:Phylum:
217:family
182:plant.
128:Genus:
104:Order:
92:Class:
773:685899
690:
612:
585:
518:
421:
413:
354:papaya
350:Brazil
282:leaves
234:genome
227:capsid
215:papaya
180:papaya
760:4CJNP
641:(PDF)
541:(PDF)
419:S2CID
286:fruit
54:Realm
47:Virus
768:NCBI
688:PMID
657:2013
610:ISBN
583:ISBN
516:PMID
411:PMID
294:pulp
271:and
207:and
168:PLYV
755:CoL
680:doi
553:doi
506:doi
472:doi
403:doi
399:157
231:RNA
792::
770::
757::
742::
727::
686:.
676:36
674:.
649:41
647:.
643:.
624:^
567:^
549:37
547:.
543:.
528:^
514:.
502:94
500:.
496:.
484:^
470:.
446:^
417:.
409:.
397:.
393:.
381:^
265:,
259:,
202:,
198:,
194:,
190:,
56::
694:.
682::
659:.
618:.
591:.
561:.
555::
522:.
508::
478:.
474::
425:.
405::
166:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
