767:. This plant grows as a vine on host trees in this area, though the species ranges as far south as Brazil. The pods are green when harvested, and turn black when dried. In the Totonac language, vanilla is called Xanath and is used to make a liquor which is almost never seen outside of the Papantla area. These people have used vanilla for centuries as a flavoring, a perfume and as medicine. In the early colonial period, the Spanish quickly exported vanilla to Europe and a number of cultivators became wealthy. The name "vanilla" comes from the Spanish "vainilla" which means little seed pod. The growing of vanilla remained a monopoly of Mexico until hand pollination methods were developed that allowed the plant to grow in other parts of the world, devastating the industry here. Today, Mexican production of vanilla trails behind production in parts of Africa and Asia. In spite of this, the Academy of Sciences and Gastronomic Arts in Paris in 1921 chose to pay homage to the Totonacs who discovered vanilla.
758:-growing region, called Totonacapan and the spice has been grown and trade here since well into the pre-Hispanic period. According to legend. The Totonacs have lived and grown vanilla since they came to this area after the downfall of Teotihuacan. The origin of the plant is said to have come from the death of two young lovers. The young woman, Tzacopantziza, was the daughter of a king named Tenitztli. She was so beautiful that her father consecrated her to the goddess Tonacayohua so that no mortal man may have her. However, a young prince by the name of Zkatan-Oxga, kidnapped her. This angered the gods and send a monster to terrify the people. The priests found the couple hiding in the mountains and decapitated them both. Where their blood spilled, a plant began to grow, which soon began to give the people their fragrant flowers and seed pods.
88:
713:
bananas, oranges, limes, anis and chocolate figures. Food stuffs include mole, candy, tamales, local breads and other regional specialties. A glass of water and “renio” (a type of local alcohol) are also placed. Day of the Dead celebrations begin on 31 October for those who had died of natural causes. On 1 November, the souls of deceased children (called Laqsq’at’an) are welcomed. Later on 1 November and 2 November the souls of adults are said to return. It is believed that the souls come in the form of insects to eat the meals laid out in offering. It is also believed that this food needs to be freshly prepared and hot. During the nights, groups of living children go house to house singing traditional songs.
880:
52:
648:
the classic-style pediment over the main entrance. This building contains two murals: one about the
Totonacs by Teodoro Cano Garcia and the other by Xolotl Martinez Hurtado de Mendoza. The construction of the building dates from 1810 although it was destroyed by forces associated with Pancho Villa in 1915. The building was reconstructed in 1929, with remodeling done in 1979 and 1999. The plaza is officially named the Israel C. Téllez Park, which contains grass and a number of trees. In this plaza are weekend events such as the
705:
cultural fair was added. In 1958, the celebration of “Juegos
Florales” (flower arrangements) and the Festival Xanath began to distinguish the event from others in the area. The Xanath Festival was begun by Mariano Torres Carreño and Hector Ventura de Castro with the aim of presenting Totonac culture to the city and make the residents proud of their heritage. The festival has indigenous art exhibits, traditional dance, costumes and music. The dances are choreographed into a single spectacle which is reworked each year.
133:
113:
623:. During much of the 20th century, this artist worked to promote Papantla's native Totonac heritage. He is responsible for most of the sculptures and other public art works that can be seen in the town today. Some of these include the “Evolution of the Totonac Culture” mural on the side of the main church, the “History of Papantla” mural which is on the side of the Chapel of Cristo Rey and the Monumento del Volador, a giant statue which is on a hill in the center of the city.
684:
from
Totonacapan and other parts of Mexico, located in the community of San Pablo. It was founded by Simon Gomez Atzin who collected masks and ceremonial dress for many years. The Teodoro Cano Garcia Museum contains works by this artist as well as some of his protégés. It also contains archeological pieces and elements of Totonac culture such as dress. Other museums include the Museos del Totonacapan and the Casa de Cultura's permanent collection of paintings and sculpture.
163:
913:. It contains 17 km of mostly virgin beaches. The coastline includes the Boquila Estuary, Playa Chichinit, Rancho Playa, Playa Olmo, Tenixtepec and Boca de Lima. Most of the animal life consists of small mammals such as rabbits, raccoons and coyotes along with various species of birds and snakes. The area is considered to be tropical rainforest with most rain falling between May and August. September and October are notable for the occasional hurricane.
81:
63:
717:
672:
640:
70:
233:
746:
of creation and the genesis of cosmic life. Dancers dress in red pants, which have been elaborately embroidered, white shirts and a decorated cloth that goes across the chest. But the most distinctive apparel is the headdress, which is a large circle of woven ribbons with loose ends hanging around down the back. The dance movements involve the stomping with the boots that dancers wear.
734:
872:
581:
474:
170:
140:
888:
the municipality's population speaking an indigenous language. The overwhelming majority identify themselves as
Catholic but about ten percent are evangelical Christian. Papantla borders the municipalities of Cazones de Herrera, Tecolutla, Gutiérrez Zamora, Martínez de la Torre, Espinal, Coatzintla, Tihuatlán and Poza Rica as well the state of
680:
Paris. It contains a mural by Cano about the history of the city of
Papantla. In addition to the murals, the Monument to the Voladores is located on a hill in the center of the city. This hill also serves as a scenic lookout and contains a mural which narrates the ceremony from the cutting of the tree to the execution of the descent.
660:. Originally, the church did not have a bell tower as the bell was located on the nearby hill which is now the located of the Monument al Volador. The bell tower was built in 1875, and the clock which is there was installed in 1895. The church is in the form of a Latin cross and has an entrance flanked by Roman style
647:
Papantla is the heart of the
Totonacapan region. When the Spanish refounded the town, they laid it out in Spanish style with a central plaza surrounded by the most important buildings, such as the main church and the main government building. The Municipal Palace still faces the main plaza, marked by
887:
The city of
Papantla is the governing authority for over 337 other named communities which cover a territory of 1,458.5 km². About a third of the municipality's population of 159,910 (2020) live in the city proper. The city and municipality still has strong communities of Totonacs, with about 25% of
745:
and
Huastecs who live in this area. It is a variant of the Dance of the Quetzales. The dance represents a survival of beliefs based on agricultural and the solar year. One essential element of the dance is the construction of a wooden cross which turns in a vertical position, representing the basis
683:
The city is home to the
Universidad Pedagógica Veracruzana, as well as a number of museums. The Museo de la Ciudad is located on Pino Suárez Street and contains exhibits from the pre-Hispanic, colonial and post-Independence periods. The Museo de las Mascaras contains a collection of over 300 masks
524:
bean, which is native to this area. The
Totonac town was refounded as Papantla de Santa María de la Asunción with Spanish families moving in. Soon after, vanilla was being sent to European markets. It was made the seat of the region called Totonacapan, which encompassed the modern municipalities of
729:
ritual calendar. The fifth participant stays at the top of the pole, playing a flute and a small drum. The flute represents birdsong and the drum the voice of the gods. The four who descend or “flying men” represent the four cardinal directions. The flautist begins by honoring the east, from which
770:
Outside of Papantla, real vanilla is difficult to find in Mexico because of its cost. Within the Papantla area, elaborate figures, such as animals are made with the pods. The Xanath Festival, which is held concurrently with Corpus Christi, also honors vanilla. In addition, Papantla holds a Vanilla
679:
The city has a total of eleven murals on public buildings as well as private houses. The Fernando Gutierrez Barrios Auditorim has a high relief mural depicting sports in the Totonacapan region. The Chapel of Cristo Rey is located on Madero Street and is modeled after the Cathedral of Notre Dame in
604:
and his guerrillas actively fought in the area from 1813 to 1820, until Olarte was captured by royalist forces and executed. The municipality was created in 1880 by decree. In 1910, the settlement gained city status with the name of Papantla de Hidalgo. The official name was changed to Papantla de
724:
For religious and secular events, two dances are definitive of Papantla. According to Totonac myth, the gods told men “Dance, and we shall observe.” The Danza de los Voladores is one of these events that was originally meant to please the gods. The ceremony involves five participants who climb a
928:
archeological zone was one of the major cities of ancient Mesoamerica which existed between 800 and 1150 C.E. It has an extension of 105,555 m² with 165 buildings and 17 ball courts. The main attraction is the Pyramid of the Niches. It also has a site museum. At the Tajin site every year is the
892:
to the south and the Gulf of Mexico to the east. The municipality is located in the Sierra Papanteca, which is a series of low mountains with numerous valleys. The most notable peaks are the La Jarana, Pelón, El campanario, La Palma, De la Cruz, Del Jazmín, del Grillo, de Dolores and Del Clavel.
712:
but has some local variations. “Ofrendas” (altars to the dead) can be set up on tables or on board which are suspended from the ceiling. The altar is called a pachau and the lack on one in the home can bring on social rejection for violating community norms. These are decorated with palm fronds,
704:
of the area, Placido Perez. Until very recently, the celebration was strictly religious with processions and liturgy. In 1957, a more secular event called the Festival of Corpus Christi was added to run concurrently with the religious rites. In that year, a livestock, agriculture, industrial and
920:
and oranges. Livestock raised here includes cattle, pigs, sheep and horses. There is some logging done. There is some industry here, much of which is the packing and shipping of oranges. Tourism is becoming an important part of the economy, based on the area's archeological sites, beaches and
630:
in 2006. However, the process was temporarily suspended. Problems to be resolved included the large number of street peddlers, the need to bury telephone and electrical lines and the need to paint many of the houses in the historic center. In 2012, Papantla officially became a Pueblo Mágico.
496:
coming afterward. Evidence of these cultures can be found at nearby archeological sites such as Cempoala, El Tajin, San Lorenzo and Tres Zapotes. The settlement was founded around 1200, by various groups of Totonacs, some of whom migrated here after being pushed south by the
605:
Olarte, in honor of Serafin Olarte. As during the War of Independence, indigenous peoples of the area rebelled against the regime of Porfirio Díaz in the late 1890s, just prior to the Mexican Revolution. A number of clashes were also fought here during that war.
725:
thirty-meter pole. Four of these tie ropes around their waists and wind the other end around the top of the pole in order to descend to the ground. Each rope is wound around the top of the pole thirteen times, which by four equal 52 and corresponds to the
591:
In 1785, the nearby ruins of the pre-Hispanic city of El Tajín were accidentally discovered by Spaniard Diego Ruiz, while he was looking for clandestine plantings of tobacco. This site became famous around the world soon after due to the writings of
700:, which features processions, and indigenous dances such as the tocotines, guaguas, negritos, Santiagueros and voladores. The first feast of Corpus Christi was celebrated in Papantla sometime between 1550 and 1560, sponsored by the
664:. Across from the main facade are the principal markets, called Hidalgo and Juarez. On the atrium wall is a sculpted mural by Teodoro Cano Garcia which depicts the evolution of Totonac culture superimposed on the body of the god
695:
On December 7, there is a tradition called the "Dia del Niño Perdido” (Day of the Lost Child). On this day, lighted candles are placed on doorjambs and windowsills. However, the major festival for this city is the feast of
416:
652:
Fridays as well as live music on Saturday and cultural events on Sundays. On the underside of the kiosk is a mural by Teodoro Cano Garcia which depicts the indigenous concept of creation, as a world with four suns.
1551:
916:
About 75% of the municipality's land is dedicated to agriculture and pasture, with about 47% of the municipality's population dedicated to it, as well as crafts. Main crops include corn, beans,
937:, which extends about thirty hectares. It contains various pre-Hispanic structures of which the military fort and the ceremonial center stand out. It is located about 37 km from the city.
897:, and Texistepec Rivers pass through here, such as the Tlahuanapa, Santa Agueda and the Poza Verde. The area is heavily forested with subtropical perennial foliage with trees such as the
457:. Papantla still has strong communities of Totonacs who maintain the culture and language. The city contains a number of large scale murals and sculptures done by native artist
1105:
1252:
87:
501:
and other groups coming from the fallen city of El Tajín. During the rest of the pre-Hispanic period the site belonged to the Pueblos del Totonacapan, dominated by
1301:
730:
life is believed to have originated. This dance or ceremony has been inscribed as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO
608:
In 1922, the city of Papantla became the seat of the Diocese of Papantla when it was created from territories that had belonged to the Dioceses of
1566:
1389:
1017:
465:
and most often interpreted to mean "place of the papanes" (a species of crow). This meaning is reflected in the municipality's coat of arms.
195:
930:
513:
1159:
132:
446:
1109:
933:. It celebrates Totonac heritage with concerts, conferences, food, cultural events workshops and more. Another archeological zone is
1351:
1276:
112:
162:
1452:
1305:
554:
1279:[Day of the Dead ceremonias in Veracruz] (in Spanish). Veracruz, Mexico: Universidad Veracruzana. Archived from
879:
1326:
597:
1576:
1503:
1423:
1418:
1405:
422:
355:
51:
31:
1255:[Traditional Feast of Corpus Christia in Papantla, Veracruz] (in Spanish). Mexico: CONACULTA. 2009-05-15
285:
1354:[Popular Dances of Veracruz] (in Spanish). Veracruz, Mexico: Universidad Veracruzana. Archived from
445:
region of the state since then. The region is famed for vanilla, which occurs naturally in this region, the
741:
The Dance of the Guaguas (also spelled Huahuas) is mostly performed by Totonacs but also by some groups of
697:
593:
458:
1543:
619:
One of the most famous people to come from Papantla is artist Teodoro Cano Garcia, who was a disciple of
1534:
1304:[The Voladores of Papantla] (in Spanish). Mexico: Mexico Desconocido magazine. Archived from
1206:
574:
502:
365:
613:
454:
279:
1384:] (in Spanish) (first ed.). Mexico: Editorial Oceano de Mexico SA de CV. pp. 34–35.
1021:
763:
609:
526:
98:
Top: Panoramic view of Papantla's Downtown; Middle: Papantla Municipal Hall, Main Plaza; Bottom:
1108:[History of the City of Papantla] (in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico: ITESM. Archived from
1477:
1385:
538:
1571:
949:
627:
409:
245:
80:
1181:
894:
709:
1072:
656:
The Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción was constructed between 1570 and 1590 by the
1134:
62:
1355:
1280:
716:
601:
493:
434:
352:
1560:
742:
550:
426:
917:
665:
620:
506:
485:
1227:
671:
639:
69:
934:
925:
898:
726:
701:
657:
558:
498:
450:
442:
99:
1409:
906:
733:
687:
Regional specialties include frijoles in alchuchut, tashuayahun and zacahuil.
585:
566:
530:
478:
210:
197:
1327:"Voladores de Papantla y tradiciones de Tolimán, patrimonio de la humanidad"
902:
871:
570:
562:
546:
542:
343:
1329:[Voladores of Papantla and traditions of Toliman, world heritage].
1209:(in Spanish). Mexico: Gobierno de Mexico, Secretaría de Turismo. 2019-06-24
649:
580:
473:
1162:[Bull of Establishment] (in Spanish). Mexico: Diocese of Papantla
661:
438:
430:
250:
755:
534:
521:
462:
390:
1333:(in Spanish). Mexico City. Periodico La Jornada. 2009-10-01. p. 6
1135:"Teodoro Cano talento artístico portentoso, de Papantla para el mundo"
1018:"Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México Estado de Veracruz Papantla"
484:
The area in which Papantla is found has been dominated by a number of
889:
238:
1137:[Teodoro Cano talented artest from Papantla for the world].
910:
878:
870:
732:
715:
670:
638:
579:
517:
489:
472:
372:
348:
940:
There are also two ecological parks called Kiwíkgolo and Xanath.
793:
461:, which honor the Totonac culture. The name Papantla is from
788:
1253:"Tradicional Feria de Corpus Christi en Papantla, Veracruz"
1230:[Totonacapan of Maestro Teodoro Cano inaugurated].
761:
True vanilla comes from a seed pod of an orchid called
675:
Evolution of the Totonac culture by Teodoro Cano Garcia
1453:"Did You Know? Vanilla Festival in Papantla, Veracruz"
1498:
1496:
1494:
1378:
Veracruz Guia para descubrir los encantos del estado
1228:"Inaugurarán "Totonacapan" del maestro Teodoro Cano"
1184:[Papantla Pueblo Magico Project suspended].
1182:"Suspendido el proyecto de Pueblo Mágico a Papantla"
921:traditions, especially the Danza de los Voladores.
389:
379:
362:
342:
334:
326:
318:
313:
305:
297:
292:
277:
272:
264:
256:
244:
226:
21:
1382:Veracruz Guide to discover the charms of the state
437:. The city was founded in the 13th century by the
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1376:Jiménez González, Victor Manuel, ed. (2010).
708:Like the rest of Mexico, Papantla celebrates
8:
1471:
1469:
1020:(in Spanish). Mexico: INAFED. Archived from
779:
1277:"CEREMONIAS DE DÍAS DE MUERTOS EN VERACRUZ"
1271:
1269:
433:, in the Sierra Papanteca range and on the
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
778:
18:
1128:
1126:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
929:Cumbre Tajin Festival which falls on the
720:Voladores at the Church of the Assumption
488:cultures. The first known is that of the
16:City and municipality in Veracruz, Mexico
1544:Municipio de Papantla government website
1234:(in Spanish). Xalapa, Mexico. 2006-10-23
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
962:
378:
341:
312:
304:
301:1,458.5 km (563.1 sq mi)
291:
271:
255:
225:
190:
124:
106:
42:
37:
1302:"Los voladores de Papantla (Veracruz)"
737:Headdress for the Dance of the Guaguas
453:archeological site, which was named a
408:
388:
361:
333:
325:
317:
296:
276:
263:
243:
7:
514:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
1106:"Historia de la Ciudad de Papantla"
626:The city was nominated to become a
102:, Our Lady of the Assumption Church
1133:Ferral, María Elena (2006-10-23).
1075:(in Spanish). Mexico: INAFED. 2005
754:Papantla is the heart of Mexico's
520:quickly realized the value of the
284:Yamir de Jesús de la Cruz Patiño (
14:
1180:De Luna, Francisco (2009-08-20).
893:Small rivers which feed into the
875:Pyramid of the Niches in El Tajín
477:Pyramid at Papantla ca. 1836 by
231:
169:
168:
161:
139:
138:
131:
111:
86:
79:
68:
61:
50:
1476:Kendrick, Teresa (2006-01-01).
1552:Municipal Official Information
1352:"DANZAS POPULARES DE VERACRUZ"
643:Main plaza or park of Papantla
1:
883:Voladores after a performance
1567:Populated places in Veracruz
1141:(in Spanish). Xalapa, Mexico
425:located in the north of the
100:El Tajín Archaeological Zone
1451:Burton, Tony (2008-03-14).
598:Mexican War of Independence
1593:
1424:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1419:Plants of the World Online
505:, and paid tribute to the
1478:"Did You Know? – Vanilla"
1188:(in Spanish). Mexico City
865:
806:—
330:109.6/km (284/sq mi)
319: • Municipality
298: • Municipality
191:
125:
107:
43:
38:
28:
1535:Ayuntamiento de Papantla
309:180 m (590 ft)
691:Celebrations and dances
596:and others. During the
1073:"Historia de Papantla"
884:
876:
738:
721:
676:
644:
594:Alexander von Humboldt
588:
481:
447:Danza de los Voladores
441:and has dominated the
882:
874:
780:Historical population
736:
719:
674:
642:
584:Papantla ca. 1836 by
583:
476:
380:Postal code (of seat)
364: • Summer (
211:20.44778°N 97.32000°W
1207:"Papantla, Veracruz"
1024:on February 19, 2010
575:Zozocolco de Hidalgo
567:Progreso de Zaragoza
327: • Density
152:Show map of Veracruz
1504:"CEIEG Census 2020"
781:
459:Teodoro Cano García
455:World Heritage Site
410:[paˈpantla]
216:20.44778; -97.32000
207: /
1412:Vanilla planifolia
1160:"Bula de Erección"
885:
877:
771:Expo in December.
764:Vanilla planifolia
739:
722:
677:
645:
589:
482:
182:Show map of Mexico
39:Papantla de Olarte
1391:978-607-400-323-9
869:
868:
399:
398:
335: • Seat
1584:
1550:
1542:
1537:Official website
1533:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1508:
1500:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1448:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1273:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1139:Diario de Xalapa
1130:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1102:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1069:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1014:
950:Papantla Totonac
795:
790:
782:
775:The municipality
555:Gutiérrez Zamora
421:) is a city and
420:
419:
418:
412:
407:
369:
265:Municipal Status
237:
235:
234:
222:
221:
219:
218:
217:
212:
208:
205:
204:
203:
200:
183:
172:
171:
165:
153:
142:
141:
135:
115:
90:
83:
72:
65:
54:
19:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1577:Pueblos Mágicos
1557:
1556:
1548:
1540:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1361:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1336:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1286:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1237:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1115:
1113:
1104:
1103:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1016:
1015:
964:
959:
946:
777:
752:
710:Day of the Dead
693:
637:
512:Soon after the
471:
415:
414:
413:
405:
385:
363:
232:
230:
215:
213:
209:
206:
201:
198:
196:
194:
193:
187:
186:
185:
184:
181:
180:
179:
178:
177:
173:
156:
155:
154:
151:
150:
149:
148:
147:
143:
121:
120:
119:
118:
103:
96:
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
84:
75:
74:
73:
66:
57:
56:
55:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1527:
1526:External links
1524:
1521:
1520:
1490:
1465:
1436:
1397:
1390:
1368:
1343:
1318:
1293:
1265:
1244:
1219:
1198:
1172:
1151:
1122:
1086:
1035:
961:
960:
958:
955:
954:
953:
945:
942:
931:spring equinox
867:
866:
863:
862:
859:
856:
852:
851:
848:
845:
841:
840:
837:
834:
830:
829:
826:
823:
819:
818:
815:
812:
808:
807:
804:
801:
797:
796:
791:
786:
776:
773:
751:
748:
698:Corpus Christi
692:
689:
636:
633:
602:Serafin Olarte
470:
467:
435:Gulf of Mexico
397:
396:
393:
387:
386:
383:
381:
377:
376:
370:
360:
359:
346:
340:
339:
336:
332:
331:
328:
324:
323:
320:
316:
315:
311:
310:
307:
303:
302:
299:
295:
294:
290:
289:
282:
275:
274:
270:
269:
266:
262:
261:
258:
254:
253:
248:
242:
241:
228:
224:
223:
189:
188:
175:
174:
167:
166:
160:
159:
158:
157:
145:
144:
137:
136:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
116:
110:
109:
108:
105:
104:
97:
85:
78:
77:
76:
67:
60:
59:
58:
49:
48:
47:
46:
45:
44:
41:
40:
36:
35:
29:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1589:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1454:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1358:on 2008-09-05
1357:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1308:on 2009-04-18
1307:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1283:on 2011-07-17
1282:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1173:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1112:on 2021-05-10
1111:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
963:
956:
951:
948:
947:
943:
941:
938:
936:
932:
927:
922:
919:
918:chili peppers
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
881:
873:
864:
860:
857:
854:
853:
849:
846:
843:
842:
838:
835:
832:
831:
827:
824:
821:
820:
816:
813:
810:
809:
805:
802:
799:
798:
792:
787:
784:
783:
774:
772:
768:
766:
765:
759:
757:
749:
747:
744:
735:
731:
728:
718:
714:
711:
706:
703:
699:
690:
688:
685:
681:
673:
669:
667:
663:
659:
654:
651:
641:
634:
632:
629:
628:Pueblo Mágico
624:
622:
617:
615:
611:
606:
603:
599:
595:
587:
582:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:Filomeno Mata
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
495:
491:
487:
480:
475:
468:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:Mexican state
424:
417:
411:
403:
394:
392:
382:
374:
371:
367:
357:
354:
350:
347:
345:
337:
329:
321:
308:
300:
287:
283:
281:
278: •
267:
259:
252:
249:
247:
240:
229:
220:
192:Coordinates:
164:
134:
114:
101:
89:
82:
71:
64:
53:
33:
27:
20:
1549:(in Spanish)
1541:(in Spanish)
1532:(in Spanish)
1511:. Retrieved
1509:(in Spanish)
1482:. Retrieved
1480:. MexConnect
1457:. Retrieved
1455:. MexConnect
1427:. Retrieved
1417:
1411:
1400:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1360:. Retrieved
1356:the original
1346:
1335:. Retrieved
1330:
1321:
1310:. Retrieved
1306:the original
1296:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:the original
1257:. Retrieved
1247:
1236:. Retrieved
1231:
1222:
1211:. Retrieved
1201:
1190:. Retrieved
1185:
1175:
1164:. Retrieved
1154:
1143:. Retrieved
1138:
1114:. Retrieved
1110:the original
1077:. Retrieved
1026:. Retrieved
1022:the original
939:
923:
915:
886:
769:
762:
760:
753:
740:
727:Mesoamerican
723:
707:
694:
686:
682:
678:
666:Quetzalcoatl
655:
646:
625:
621:Diego Rivera
618:
607:
590:
511:
507:Aztec Empire
486:pre-Hispanic
483:
423:municipality
401:
400:
356:(US Central)
260:13th century
117:Coat of arms
32:municipality
1079:February 8,
1028:February 8,
935:Cuyuxquihui
899:heliocarpus
702:encomendero
658:Franciscans
499:Chichimecas
492:, with the
443:Totonacapan
214: /
1561:Categories
1484:2010-02-08
1459:2010-02-08
1362:2010-02-08
1337:2010-02-08
1331:La Jornada
1312:2010-02-08
1287:2010-02-08
1259:2010-02-08
1238:2010-02-08
1213:2022-11-03
1192:2010-02-08
1166:2010-02-08
1145:2010-02-08
1116:2010-02-08
957:References
586:Carl Nebel
531:Coatzintla
479:Carl Nebel
314:Population
273:Government
202:97°19′12″W
199:20°26′52″N
1513:August 1,
1232:Centinela
895:Tecolutla
662:pilasters
571:Tecolutla
563:Poza Rica
547:Chumatlan
543:Coxquihui
395:papanteco
375:(Central)
344:Time zone
306:Elevation
30:City and
1414:Andrews"
1408:(2023).
952:language
944:See also
926:El Tajín
635:The city
610:Veracruz
559:Mecatlán
494:Huastecs
451:El Tajín
449:and the
439:Totonacs
431:Veracruz
406:Spanish:
402:Papantla
251:Veracruz
176:Papantla
146:Papantla
23:Papantla
1572:Totonac
1429:4 March
858:159,910
847:161,097
836:158,599
825:152,863
814:170,304
803:171,167
756:vanilla
750:Vanilla
614:Tampico
539:Espinal
535:Coyutla
527:Cazones
522:vanilla
518:Spanish
503:Tuzapan
469:History
463:Nahuatl
391:Demonym
353:Central
322:159,910
257:Founded
227:Country
1388:
903:laurel
890:Puebla
828:−10.2%
743:Nahuas
650:Danzón
573:, and
516:, the
338:55,452
286:MORENA
239:Mexico
236:
1507:(PDF)
1380:[
1186:Terra
911:ceiba
907:cedar
861:−0.7%
855:2020
850:+1.6%
844:2015
839:+3.8%
833:2010
822:2005
817:−0.5%
811:2000
800:1995
490:Olmec
384:93400
373:UTC-5
349:UTC-6
280:Mayor
246:State
1515:2023
1431:2023
1406:POWO
1386:ISBN
1081:2010
1030:2010
924:The
909:and
789:Pop.
785:Year
612:and
293:Area
268:1880
429:of
366:DST
1563::
1493:^
1468:^
1439:^
1422:.
1416:.
1268:^
1125:^
1089:^
1038:^
965:^
905:,
901:,
794:±%
668:.
616:.
600:,
577:.
569:,
565:,
561:,
557:,
553:,
549:,
545:,
541:,
537:,
533:,
529:,
509:.
1517:.
1487:.
1462:.
1433:.
1410:"
1394:.
1365:.
1340:.
1315:.
1290:.
1262:.
1241:.
1216:.
1195:.
1169:.
1148:.
1119:.
1083:.
1032:.
404:(
368:)
358:)
351:(
288:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
