58:
1121:
1022:
926:
765:
733:. Other colonies quickly followed suit, and by 1715 ten of the thirteen had resorted to the issuance of paper currency. Economist Stanley Finkelstein highlights the advantage of paper currency, "that unless it is backed by specie it is cost-free currency". The paper currency depreciated quickly because the colonies printed more than what was taxed out of circulation. By 1740, Rhode Island bills of exchange were only four percent of face value and those of Massachusetts was eleven percent. The money supply was growing at a much faster rate than that of the overall colonial economy, which led to
1783:
626:
1217:. Virginia issued £250,000 in bills of credit to finance both public and private debts. This legislation differed from the 1751 act in that it prohibited the colonists from designating paper currency for use as payment for any debts, public or private. Parliament did not, however, prohibit the colonists from issuing paper money. The Act was put into place as a hedge against risks associated with economic fluctuations and uncertainty.
726:
proved to be ineffective and a commodity system was adopted in its place. Tobacco was used as a monetary substitute in
Virginia as early as 1619. A major shortcoming of this system was that the quality of the substitutes was inconsistent. The poorer qualities ended up in circulation while the finer qualities were inevitably exported. This commodity system became increasingly ineffective as colonial debts increased.
2090:
1293:
1281:, the currency debate was no longer really a "live issue" in 1774, due to the 1773 amendment of the Act. The controversy's most important impact was psychological, in that it helped convince many colonists that Parliament did not understand or care about their problems. Colonial leaders came to believe that they, rather than Parliament, were better suited to legislate for the colonies.
943:
An Act to prevent paper bills of credit hereafter to be issued in any of His
Majesty's colonies or plantations in America from being declared to be a legal tender in payments of money, and to prevent the legal tender of such bills as are now subsisting from being prolonged beyond the periods limited
725:
Each year, the supply of specie in the colonies decreased due to international factors. The dearth of specie rendered it ineffective as a means of exchange for day-to-day purchases. Colonists frequently adopted a barter system to acquire the goods and services they required. Essentially, this method
713:
From their origin, the colonies struggled with the development of an effective medium of exchange for goods and services. After depleting the vast majority of their monetary resources through imports, the first settlers strained to keep money in circulation. They could not find a suitable medium of
2126:
1138:
An Act to explain and amend an Act made in the fourth year of His present
Majesty, intituled "An Act to prevent paper bills of credit hereafter to be issued in any of His Majesty's colonies or plantations in America from being declared to be a legal tender in payments of money, and to prevent the
1039:
An act to enable the governor, council, and assembly of his
Majesty's colony of New York, to pass an act of assembly for creating and issuing upon loan paper bills of credit to a certain amount; and to make the same a legal tender in payments into the loan offices and treasury of the said
1205:. c. 34) extended the 1751 Act to all of the British colonies of North America. Unlike the earlier Act, this statute did not prohibit the colonies from issuing paper money, but it did forbid them from designating future currency issues as legal tender for public and private debts. This
782:
An Act to regulate and restrain Paper Bills of Credit in his
Majesty’s Colonies or Plantations of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, the Massachusets Bay, and New Hampshire in America; and to prevent the same being legal Tenders in Payments of
2112:
897:
The Act limited the future issue of bills of credit to certain circumstances. It allowed the existing bills to be used as legal tender for public debts (i.e. paying taxes), but did not allow their use for private debts (e.g. for paying merchants).
1244:
After nine years, the colonial agents had secured a paper currency for the provinces. But the
Americans had tacitly, if not implicitly, acknowledged the authority of Parliament. And in the final analysis this was all the imperial government
704:
found that 92% of economists and 74% of historians disagreed with the statement, "The debts owed by colonists to
British merchants and other private citizens constituted one of the most powerful causes leading to the Revolution."
556:
700:. However, the consensus view among modern economic historians and economists is that the debts by colonists to British merchants were not a major cause of the Revolution. In 1995, a random survey of 178 members of the
714:
exchange in which the value did not depreciate. The colonists generally employed three main types of currency. The first was commodity money, using the staple of a given region as a means of exchange. The second was
1377:
1771:
1749:
737:
and the corresponding reduction in purchasing power per unit of money. British merchants were forced to accept this depreciated currency as a repayment of debts. This led to the
Currency Act of 1751.
1270:, which outlined colonial objections to certain Acts of Parliament. Congress called on Parliament to repeal the Currency Act of 1764, one of seven Acts labeled "subversive of American rights".
1267:
94:
2093:
432:
1764:
655:
1213:, a colonial agent in London, lobbied for repeal of the Act over the next several years, as did other agents. The act arose when Virginia farmers continued to import during the
2119:
317:
357:
2718:
2683:
1757:
2483:
2139:
2135:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2237:
347:
1232:. c. 35) for New York to issue £120,000 in paper currency for public but not private debts. Parliament extended these concessions to the other colonies in 1773 (
2260:
2255:
2249:
2387:
342:
392:
337:
99:
2723:
648:
539:
417:
70:
1236:. c. 57) by amending the Currency Act 1764, permitting the colonies to issue paper currency as legal tender for public debts. According to historian
2267:
729:
In 1690, Massachusetts became the first colony to issue paper currency. This currency was employed as a means to finance its share of the debt from
332:
327:
2273:
2187:
1683:
Ward, Harry M. "Review: Money and
Politics in America, 1755–1775: A Study in the Currency Act of 1764 and the Political Economy of Revolution."
2713:
2708:
2703:
2599:
1144:
1045:
949:
788:
322:
57:
2219:
696:
colonial currency. The policy created tension between the colonies and Great
Britain and was cited as a grievance by colonists early in the
2155:
641:
89:
850:
2611:
2075:
1996:
1624:
1139:
legal tender of such bills as are now subsisting from being prolonged beyond the periods limited for calling in and sinking the same."
177:
166:
2303:
1721:
1706:
1663:
524:
1492:"Review: Money and Politics in America, 1755–1775: A Study in the Currency Act 1764 and the Political Economy of Revolution," 462."
894:
was harmful to merchants in Great Britain, who were forced to accept the depreciated currency from colonists for payment of debts.
2495:
2343:
387:
2501:
2286:
2280:
1420:
1254:
Currency Acts created tension between the colonies and the mother country, and were a contributing factor in the coming of the
171:
2512:
2320:
2225:
377:
2637:
1418:(March 1995). "Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions".
2728:
2593:
2338:
2037:
1078:
980:
836:
476:
382:
2655:
2539:
2332:
1991:
722:), issued in the form of a bill of exchange or a banknote, mortgaged on the value of the land that an individual owned.
701:
561:
266:
2631:
2213:
2104:
1804:
1125:
1026:
930:
769:
681:
534:
504:
397:
74:
1714:
Money and politics in America, 1755–1775; a study in the Currency act of 1764 and the political economy of revolution
1866:
1263:
605:
294:
271:
2529:
2025:
1900:
1787:
1608:
610:
464:
17:
2649:
1782:
1640:
Greene, Jack P. and Richard M. Jellison. "The Currency Act of 1764 in Imperial-Colonial Relations, 1764–1776".
1274:
2569:
2524:
2013:
1306:
883:
693:
600:
276:
1224:
insisted that the Currency Act prevented it from providing funds for British troops in compliance with the
866:. c. 53), restricted the issue of paper money and the establishment of new public banks by the colonies of
2181:
879:
551:
402:
352:
256:
161:
2605:
2624:
2617:
2477:
2356:
2243:
2203:
2165:
2019:
1214:
1133:
1034:
938:
777:
545:
407:
138:
1278:
2564:
2415:
2231:
2054:
1699:
The currency of the American colonies, 1700–1764: a study in colonial finance and imperial relations.
1221:
630:
595:
590:
454:
236:
2661:
2583:
2557:
2507:
2465:
2443:
2432:
2421:
2409:
2375:
2292:
2143:
1808:
1791:
1255:
715:
697:
509:
499:
481:
111:
47:
2550:
2489:
2459:
2454:
2437:
2363:
2297:
2059:
1856:
1445:
1437:
1206:
221:
1237:
1616:
2643:
2518:
2471:
2426:
2069:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1717:
1702:
1659:
1620:
1397:
1311:
1210:
1189:
994:
730:
677:
427:
128:
66:
1980:
1937:
1933:
1922:
1600:
1429:
1389:
1209:
created financial difficulties in the colonies, where gold and silver were in short supply.
1175:
514:
307:
302:
261:
251:
133:
882:. Because more paper money was issued than what was taxed out of circulation, the currency
2403:
2315:
2175:
2064:
2031:
2001:
1986:
1916:
1883:
1822:
1322:
875:
689:
469:
246:
226:
216:
206:
1968:
1958:
1947:
1910:
1889:
1415:
1225:
887:
734:
412:
231:
211:
2677:
1827:
1601:
1449:
585:
806:
Colonies of Rhode Island, Providence, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire.
2397:
2349:
1839:
1833:
1800:
1317:
1298:
816:
78:
1656:
Constitutional History of the American Revolution, III: The Authority to Legislate
1360:
2588:
2576:
2448:
1633:
Finkelstein, Stanley S. "The Currency Act of 1764: A Quantitative Reappraisal."
867:
692:. The Acts sought to protect British merchants and creditors from being paid in
685:
31:
2326:
2006:
1433:
1288:
871:
719:
143:
1649:
The Devious Dr. Franklin, Colonial Agent: Benjamin Franklin's Years in London
1401:
2309:
1871:
1333:
1327:
1233:
1229:
1149:
1050:
891:
863:
793:
312:
196:
1378:"Free Trade and Empire in the Anglo-Irish Commercial Propositions of 1785"
2369:
1845:
1669:
Sosin, Jack M. "Imperial Regulation of Colonial Paper Money, 1764–1773".
1612:
1259:
1202:
954:
1701:
Dissertations in American economic history. New York: Arno Press, 1975.
1393:
1974:
1441:
241:
1314:
of the United States (1900), also sometimes called the "Currency Act"
1170:
1073:
975:
831:
2108:
1753:
1262:, the Acts were considered to be a "major grievance". When the
56:
1680:. 11th ed. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage Learning, 2010.
1716:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1973.
27:
British legislation regulating colonial money in America
1644:, Third Series, Vol. 18, No. 4 (October 1961), 485–518.
1228:. As a result, in 1770, Parliament gave permission (
2538:
2386:
2202:
2164:
2047:
1957:
1932:
1899:
1855:
1815:
1188:
1181:
1169:
1161:
1156:
1143:
1132:
1106:
1092:
1084:
1072:
1067:
1057:
1044:
1033:
1007:
993:
986:
974:
966:
961:
948:
937:
911:
849:
842:
830:
825:
815:
810:
800:
787:
776:
750:
718:, or gold or silver money. Lastly, paper money (or
1461:
1459:
18:Paper Bills of Credit, American Colonies Act 1750
1658:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.
1651:. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1999.
1242:
878:" to help pay for military expenses during the
1671:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
2120:
1765:
1240:, the British government had made its point:
649:
8:
1673:, Volume 88, Number 2 (April 1964), 174–98.
2127:
2113:
2105:
1772:
1758:
1750:
1518:
1516:
1103:
1004:
908:
747:
656:
642:
450:
116:
38:
1807:, and other legal issues relating to the
2719:Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain
2684:Laws leading to the American Revolution
2188:Maryland Tobacco Inspection Act of 1747
1351:
523:
490:
453:
187:
152:
119:
46:
61:Declaration of Independence (painting)
2699:Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1773
2694:Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1764
2689:Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1751
1190:Text of statute as originally enacted
995:Text of statute as originally enacted
851:Text of statute as originally enacted
7:
2156:Monetary policy of the United States
2140:central banking in the United States
1745:Currency Act 1773 (13 Geo. 3. c. 57)
1735:Currency Act 1751 (24 Geo. 2. c. 53)
944:for calling in and sinking the same.
2438:New York Clearing House Association
1740:Currency Act 1764 (4 Geo. 3. c. 34)
1676:Walton, Gary M., and Hugh Rockoff.
1365:. Sweet & Maxwell. p. 131.
2250:Article I of the U.S. Constitution
1108:Paper Currency in America Act 1772
970:Paper Currency in America Act 1772
870:. These colonies had issued paper
178:No taxation without representation
25:
1273:However, according to historians
2724:18th century in economic history
2344:Second Bank of the United States
2089:
2088:
1781:
1291:
1258:. In all of the colonies except
1119:
1020:
924:
763:
709:Economic climate of the colonies
624:
2502:Compound interest treasury note
2287:First Bank of the United States
2076:Taxation without representation
1685:The Journal of Southern History
1678:History of the American Economy
1421:The Journal of Economic History
1376:Livesey, James (January 2013).
1220:The colonial government of the
2226:Continental currency banknotes
1642:The William and Mary Quarterly
1362:Current Law Statutes Annotated
1:
2714:1773 in the Thirteen Colonies
2709:1764 in the Thirteen Colonies
2704:1751 in the Thirteen Colonies
2594:Specie Payment Resumption Act
2339:Banking in the Jacksonian Era
1997:Administration of Justice Act
1079:Statute Law Revision Act 1867
981:Statute Law Revision Act 1867
837:Statute Law Revision Act 1867
477:Congress of the Confederation
2656:National Monetary Commission
1992:Massachusetts Government Act
1540:Walton & Rockoff, p. 105
702:Economic History Association
267:Committees of Correspondence
69:presents their draft of the
2632:Sherman Silver Purchase Act
2364:New York Safety Fund System
2238:U.S. Finance Superintendent
2214:Second Continental Congress
1126:Parliament of Great Britain
1027:Parliament of Great Britain
1009:Colony of New York Act 1770
931:Parliament of Great Britain
886:in relation to the British
770:Parliament of Great Britain
682:Parliament of Great Britain
505:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
418:Declaration of Independence
398:Second Continental Congress
75:Second Continental Congress
71:Declaration of Independence
2745:
1867:Royal Proclamation of 1763
1382:Journal of British Studies
1264:First Continental Congress
1101:United Kingdom legislation
1002:United Kingdom legislation
906:United Kingdom legislation
745:United Kingdom legislation
688:issued by the colonies of
272:First Continental Congress
29:
2540:2nd Industrial Revolution
2530:Public Credit Act of 1869
2416:Independent U.S. Treasury
2204:1st Industrial Revolution
2151:
2084:
2026:Proclamation of Rebellion
1798:
1603:The Encyclopedia of Money
1585:Greene and Jellison, 518.
1567:Greene and Jellison, 517.
1434:10.1017/S0022050700040602
1266:met in 1774, it issued a
1118:
1113:
1019:
1014:
923:
918:
762:
757:
674:Paper Bills of Credit Act
611:Prospect Hill Flag Debate
465:Articles of Confederation
393:Role of African Americans
2455:Legal Tender Act of 1862
2268:U.S. Treasury Department
2038:Taxation of Colonies Act
1059:Territorial extent
802:Territorial extent
631:United States portal
30:Not to be confused with
2570:National Gold Bank Note
2525:Contraction Act of 1866
2274:U.S. Treasury Secretary
2014:Conciliatory Resolution
1359:Britain, Great (1995).
1307:Early American currency
601:American civil religion
540:Philadelphia Convention
277:Continental Association
42:Part of a series on the
2281:U.S. Treasury security
2182:Tobacco Inspection Act
2022:(March and April 1775)
1941:ministries (1766–1770)
1712:Ernst, Joseph Albert.
1635:The American Economist
1247:
880:French and Indian Wars
552:Anti-Federalist Papers
491:Dissent and rebellions
403:27 colonial grievances
371:Political developments
257:Philadelphia Tea Party
188:Conflict over taxation
162:American Enlightenment
62:
2625:Juilliard v. Greenman
2618:Refunding Certificate
2484:National banks system
2478:Interest bearing note
2357:McCulloch v. Maryland
2244:Bank of North America
2220:U.S. dollar banknotes
2166:Commercial Revolution
1687:40.3 (1974): 460–462.
1599:Allen, Larry (2009).
1268:Declaration of Rights
1215:French and Indian War
546:The Federalist Papers
408:Olive Branch Petition
139:French and Indian War
60:
2729:Currency legislation
2650:Aldrich–Vreeland Act
2565:Currency Act of 1870
2232:Bank of Pennsylvania
2055:Rights of Englishmen
1654:Reid, John Phillip.
1222:Province of New York
596:American nationalism
591:Atlantic Revolutions
535:Annapolis Convention
455:Confederation period
237:Virginia Association
2662:Federal Reserve Act
2584:Coinage Act of 1873
2558:Hepburn v. Griswold
2508:Coinage Act of 1864
2466:Fractional currency
2444:Coinage Act of 1857
2433:Coinage Act of 1853
2422:Coinage Act of 1849
2376:Coinage Act of 1834
2293:Coinage Act of 1792
1901:Rockingham ministry
1809:American Revolution
1801:Royal Proclamations
1792:American Revolution
1637:12.2 (1968): 38–47.
1474:Finkelstein, 39–40.
1394:10.1017/jbr.2012.62
1256:American Revolution
858:The first Act, the
698:American Revolution
500:Newburgh Conspiracy
482:Northwest Ordinance
49:American Revolution
2612:Silver certificate
2551:Legal Tender Cases
2490:National Bank Note
2472:National Bank Acts
2460:United States Note
2298:United States Mint
2060:Writ of assistance
2048:Other legal issues
1857:Grenville ministry
1805:Acts of Parliament
1207:tight money policy
1063:Colony of New York
731:King William's War
676:is one of several
447:Forming a republic
323:British Royal Navy
222:Stamp Act Congress
63:
2671:
2670:
2644:Gold Standard Act
2606:Bland–Allison Act
2600:Twenty-cent piece
2519:Three-cent nickel
2427:Three-cent silver
2304:U.S. dollar coins
2102:
2101:
1697:Brock, Leslie V.
1609:Santa Barbara, CA
1312:Gold Standard Act
1211:Benjamin Franklin
1199:Currency Act 1764
1195:
1194:
1165:Currency Act 1764
1157:Other legislation
1114:Act of Parliament
1099:
1098:
1088:Currency Act 1764
1068:Other legislation
1015:Act of Parliament
1000:
999:
962:Other legislation
919:Act of Parliament
913:Currency Act 1764
860:Currency Act 1751
856:
855:
826:Other legislation
758:Act of Parliament
752:Currency Act 1751
666:
665:
570:
569:
295:Revolutionary War
285:
284:
129:Thirteen Colonies
67:Committee of Five
16:(Redirected from
2736:
2496:Gold certificate
2129:
2122:
2115:
2106:
2092:
2091:
2065:Admiralty courts
2020:Restraining Acts
1790:relating to the
1786:
1785:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1751:
1630:
1607:(2nd ed.).
1606:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1511:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1466:
1465:Finkelstein, 39.
1463:
1454:
1453:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1279:Richard Jellison
1183:Status: Repealed
1176:Coinage Act 1870
1123:
1122:
1109:
1104:
1094:Status: Repealed
1060:
1024:
1023:
1010:
1005:
988:Status: Repealed
928:
927:
914:
909:
890:. The resultant
844:Status: Repealed
803:
767:
766:
753:
748:
658:
651:
644:
633:
629:
628:
627:
515:Paper Money Riot
510:Shays' Rebellion
451:
308:Continental Navy
303:Continental Army
262:Intolerable Acts
252:Boston Tea Party
134:Salutary neglect
117:
95:Military leaders
50:
39:
21:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2542:
2534:
2410:Forstall System
2404:Wildcat banking
2390:
2382:
2316:1792 half disme
2206:
2198:
2176:Bills of credit
2168:
2160:
2147:
2136:Monetary policy
2133:
2103:
2098:
2080:
2043:
2034:(December 1775)
2032:Prohibitory Act
2016:(February 1775)
1987:Boston Port Act
1961:
1953:
1940:
1928:
1917:Declaratory Act
1903:
1895:
1859:
1851:
1823:Navigation Acts
1811:
1794:
1780:
1778:
1731:
1692:Further reading
1647:Morgan, David.
1627:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1416:Whaples, Robert
1414:
1413:
1409:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1323:Navigation Acts
1297:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1252:
1184:
1128:
1120:
1107:
1102:
1095:
1058:
1029:
1021:
1008:
1003:
989:
933:
925:
912:
907:
904:
876:bills of credit
845:
801:
772:
764:
751:
746:
743:
711:
690:British America
684:that regulated
662:
625:
623:
622:
617:
616:
615:
580:
572:
571:
566:
519:
486:
470:Perpetual Union
448:
440:
439:
438:
422:
372:
364:
363:
362:
358:Financial costs
353:Treaty of Paris
297:
287:
286:
281:
247:Boston Massacre
227:Declaratory Act
217:Sons of Liberty
207:Quartering Acts
183:
148:
114:
104:
81:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2742:
2740:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2676:
2675:
2669:
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2513:Two-cent piece
2510:
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2499:
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2492:(1863–c. 1930)
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2283:(1789–present)
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2178:(c. 1690–1750)
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1999:
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26:
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621:
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594:
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589:
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586:United States
584:
583:
576:
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563:
560:
558:
557:Raftification
555:
553:
550:
548:
547:
543:
541:
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425:
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419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
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401:
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396:
394:
391:
389:
388:Role of women
386:
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379:
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368:
367:
359:
356:
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351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
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296:
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278:
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205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
192:
191:
186:
179:
175:
173:
170:
168:
167:Republicanism
165:
163:
160:
159:
157:
156:
151:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
124:
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118:
113:
108:
107:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
85:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
59:
55:
54:
51:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2623:
2575:
2556:
2549:
2474:(1863; 1864)
2398:Free banking
2355:
2350:Suffolk Bank
2256:Section VIII
2195:(1751; 1764)
2192:
1919:(March 1766)
1913:(March 1766)
1878:Currency Act
1877:
1840:Molasses Act
1788:British laws
1713:
1698:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1602:
1593:Bibliography
1581:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1531:Morgan, 128.
1527:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1425:
1419:
1410:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1361:
1354:
1318:Mercantilism
1299:Money portal
1272:
1253:
1243:
1219:
1198:
1196:
896:
859:
857:
821:25 June 1751
817:Royal assent
728:
724:
712:
673:
670:Currency Act
669:
667:
606:Bicentennial
544:
525:Constitution
348:Intelligence
318:British Army
202:Currency Act
201:
79:Philadelphia
36:
2658:(1909–1912)
2640:(1890–1891)
2620:(1879–1907)
2614:(1878–1964)
2602:(1875–1878)
2589:Free silver
2577:Knox v. Lee
2572:(1870–1875)
2543:(1870–1914)
2521:(1865–1889)
2515:(1864–1873)
2504:(1863–1864)
2498:(1863–1933)
2486:(1863–1913)
2480:(1863–1865)
2468:(1862–1876)
2462:(1862–1971)
2451:(1861–1862)
2449:Demand Note
2440:(1853–1863)
2429:(1851–1873)
2418:(1846–1913)
2412:(1842–1865)
2406:(1836–1865)
2400:(1836–1865)
2391:(1840–1870)
2372:, 1832–1836
2366:, 1829–1842
2352:, 1818–1858
2346:, 1816–1836
2335:(1812–1913)
2329:(1793–1857)
2323:(1793–1857)
2312:(1792–1873)
2300:(1792–1873)
2289:(1791–1811)
2272:1789–1913;
2254:1787–1788;
2246:(1781–1791)
2240:(1781–1785)
2234:(1780–1781)
2228:(1775–1779)
2216:(1776–1780)
2207:(1760–1840)
2169:(1607–1760)
1962:(1770–1782)
1925:(June 1766)
1923:Revenue Act
1904:(1765–1766)
1860:(1763–1765)
1816:Before 1763
1615:. pp.
1558:Sosin, 198.
1549:Sosin, 196.
1275:Jack Greene
1171:Repealed by
1074:Repealed by
976:Repealed by
902:Act of 1764
884:depreciated
868:New England
832:Repealed by
741:Act of 1751
694:depreciated
686:paper money
32:Coinage Act
2678:Categories
2327:Large cent
2007:Quebec Act
1969:Repeal Act
1911:Repeal Act
1576:Reid, 265.
1522:Allen, 98.
1501:Allen, 96.
1483:Ward, 462.
1341:References
1238:Jack Sosin
1134:Long title
1085:Relates to
1035:Long title
967:Amended by
939:Long title
874:known as "
872:fiat money
778:Long title
720:fiat money
172:Liberalism
144:George III
2321:Half cent
2310:Half dime
2261:Section X
1890:Stamp Act
1872:Sugar Act
1450:145691938
1402:0021-9371
1334:Stamp Act
1328:Sugar Act
1234:13 Geo. 3
1230:10 Geo. 3
1150:13 Geo. 3
1051:10 Geo. 3
892:inflation
864:24 Geo. 2
794:24 Geo. 2
378:Loyalists
343:Diplomacy
313:Minutemen
197:Sugar Act
2370:Bank War
2144:pre–1913
2094:Category
1846:Iron Act
1828:Wool Act
1613:ABC-CLIO
1285:See also
1260:Delaware
1203:4 Geo. 3
1145:Citation
1046:Citation
955:4 Geo. 3
950:Citation
789:Citation
428:Drafting
383:Patriots
90:Timeline
2306:(1792–)
2222:(1775–)
1983:(1774:
1975:Tea Act
1938:Grafton
1934:Chatham
1834:Hat Act
1442:2123771
1245:wanted.
1152:. c. 57
1053:. c. 35
1040:colony.
957:. c. 34
796:. c. 53
680:of the
433:Signing
338:Battles
242:Tea Act
120:Context
112:Origins
100:Battles
73:to the
2664:(1913)
2652:(1908)
2646:(1900)
2634:(1890)
2628:(1884)
2608:(1878)
2596:(1875)
2580:(1871)
2561:(1870)
2360:, 1819
2184:(1730)
2072:(1763)
2040:(1778)
1977:(1773)
1971:(1770)
1950:(1767)
1892:(1765)
1886:(1765)
1880:(1764)
1874:(1764)
1848:(1750)
1842:(1733)
1836:(1732)
1830:(1699)
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1623:
1448:
1440:
1400:
1250:Legacy
1162:Amends
783:Money.
716:specie
579:Legacy
328:France
1619:–98.
1446:S2CID
1438:JSTOR
1346:Notes
811:Dates
333:Spain
153:Ideas
2138:and
1936:and
1718:ISBN
1703:ISBN
1660:ISBN
1621:ISBN
1398:ISSN
1336:1765
1330:1764
1277:and
1197:The
678:Acts
668:The
65:The
1430:doi
1390:doi
672:or
77:in
2680::
1803:,
1617:96
1611::
1515:^
1458:^
1444:.
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1426:55
1424:.
1396:.
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2142:(
2128:e
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1201:(
862:(
657:e
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180:"
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34:.
20:)
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