558:
654:
582:
630:
546:
570:
496:
233:
Hindwing with five irregular small patches of red at base, the outer three-fourths of the wing grey touched with ochraceous, but generally narrower than the blue on the upperside; the inner margin of the grey area crosses the wing beyond the cell; the postdiscal and subterminal black spots as on the upperside. In some specimens this grey area is greatly restricted, its inner margin crossing the wing well beyond the apex of the cell; the subterminal spots merged completely with the terminal spots and form a comparatively broad terminal black band. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen blackish brown.
390:
210:
618:
237:
606:
31:
534:
642:
594:
56:
492:-like markings. The sheen enhances its resemblance to fresh bird dropping. While small in size, this camouflage permits the caterpillar to rest on the centre of a leaf and nibble around the edges. Later its growing size forces it to keep to twigs and the undersides of leaves except when it is feeding on leaves. It moves slowly and haltingly. It has a unique habit of securing its balance by weaving silk on the substratum.
344:
357:
909:
228:
The hindwing has the terminal three-fourths beyond a line crossing the apical third of the cell pale blue, or greyish blue, with superposed postdiscal, subterminal and terminal series of black spots—the postdiscal spots elongate, inwardly conical; the subterminal oval, placed in the interspaces, the
244:
Female is very similar but the internervular streaks on the forewing paler, extended into the cell both on the upper and undersides. Hindwing: the pale blue area on the upperside and the corresponding grey area on the underside paler. In some specimens there is a diffuse short crimson streak at the
232:
The underside is black with and on the base of the cell in the forewing is an elongate spot of dark red; the postdiscal transverse series of streaks as on the upperside but grey tinged with ochraceous and extended right up to the costa; in some specimens similar but narrow streaks also in the cell.
437:
species are to be found in search of females to mate with. Has a rapid unidirectional flight and frequently changes course, hopping up and down in its flight path. Difficult to catch. Known to bask in the sun. Attracted to damp patch and has greater tolerance to other butterflies and humans while
1108:
Manoj K., Deepshikha S., Angel K., Hamid E., Hembrom L., Nikita S., Reema M. X., Riya R. D., Sulbha K., Rakesh R., Manoranjan P. S., Rohit S., Bharti S. R. (2024). European
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 11(6): 195 - 196.
882:
Manoj K., Deepshikha S., Angel K., Hamid E., Hembrom L., Nikita S., Reema M. X., Riya R. D., Sulbha K., Rakesh R., Manoranjan P. S., Rohit S., Bharti S. R. (2024). European
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 11(6): 195 - 196.
846:
Manoj K., Deepshikha S., Angel K., Hamid E., Hembrom L., Nikita S., Reema M. X., Riya R. D., Sulbha K., Rakesh R., Manoranjan P. S., Rohit S., Bharti S. R. (2024). European
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 11(6): 195 - 196.
224:
Males have the upper wings rich velvety black. The forewing has a postdiscal band composed of internervular broad blue streaks gradually shortened and obsolescent anteriorly, not extended beyond interspace 6.
996:
488:
makes the eggshell its first meal and then rests on a silken bed that it spins for itself near the edge of a leaf. The little caterpillar mimics a bird dropping with its olive green body and white
962:
Perera, W.P.N.; Bambaradeniya, Channa N. B. (2006). "Species richness, distribution and conservation status of butterflies in Sri Lanka". In
Bambaradeniya, Channa N. B. (ed.).
1080:
818:
1403:
1165:
527:
also resembles that of the common Mormon but is much larger and can be easily distinguished by the prominent folds on the lower side of the abdominal protrusion.
1429:
653:
557:
569:
753:
197:. In India it has bee recently reported from the eastern part of India, from the State of Jharkhand. It is the "state butterfly" of the Indian state of
581:
858:
1377:
629:
1467:
1038:
545:
1173:
973:
796:
605:
1472:
1120:
1416:
1266:
1238:
1208:
1462:
407:
This butterfly frequents forest paths and streams. The male is fond of sun and avoids the shade. It frequents flowers especially of
617:
476:
plants at ten feet or so above the ground. The newly laid egg is spherical and light green but darkens over time to orange yellow.
1477:
1258:
1191:
1039:"Migration of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in the New Amarambalam Reserve Forest of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve"
495:
229:
terminal irregular, placed along the apices of the veins and anteriorly coalescing more or less with the subterminal spots.
593:
218:
1248:
290:
39:
389:
209:
1434:
236:
533:
55:
641:
1319:
698:
277:. It is often seen even in the gardens and sometimes in the middle of busy traffic in large cities such as
1281:
918:
1421:
1074:
678:
186:
150:
117:
691:
684:
1351:
922:
447:
946:
317:
It is common and not thought to be threatened. It occurs throughout the year but more common in the
30:
1183:
1063:
928:
427:
1159:
1019:
409:
50:
783:. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. p. 8.
1408:
1338:
1262:
1234:
1204:
1169:
1128:
969:
792:
508:
375:
forests and wooded urban areas, primarily due to the cultivation of its host plants, i.e. the
1203:. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press.
1457:
1053:
1011:
784:
912:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1094:
942:
719:
705:
415:
294:
270:
343:
1451:
913:
778:
504:
469:
266:
166:
1023:
997:"Pollination Ecology of Cardamom (Elettaria Cardamomum) in the Western Ghats, India"
740:
In June 2015, the Blue Mormon was declared as the 'State
Butterfly' of the state of
1343:
712:
452:
1252:
1228:
1058:
963:
507:, which it resembles, by its larger size, greenish head and a blue streak in the
1390:
1313:
741:
485:
442:
302:
198:
190:
107:
1304:
1093:
Kunte, K. (2006). Additions to known larval host plants of Indian butterflies.
201:. With a wingspan of 120–150 mm, it is the fourth largest butterfly of India.
1148:
8. Moinuddin (2015). Student of
Department of Physics of University of Dhaka.
1015:
788:
512:
254:
1132:
1364:
489:
433:
372:
368:
364:
325:
298:
286:
262:
194:
87:
67:
356:
332:
have expanded due to the increased availability of its food plants (family
1330:
1298:
670:
473:
421:
395:
333:
1382:
1161:
Threatened
Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book
438:
lapping up the mineral rich moisture. Known to visit animal droppings.
318:
274:
127:
965:
The fauna of Sri Lanka: status of taxonomy, research, and conservation
1395:
1199:
Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish
Chandra (1992).
727:
377:
337:
336:) due to modification of landscapes and in particular cultivation of
306:
278:
97:
77:
1275:
240:
Female specimen with crimson streak on the upperside of the forewing
1369:
388:
355:
342:
258:
235:
208:
43:
744:
and became the first state in India to have a 'State
Butterfly'.
673:
forest trees and large shrubs. The list of host plants includes:
1222:. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
524:
282:
1356:
1279:
431:. Periodically raids thicker forest patches, especially where
400:
1233:. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press.
1220:
The
Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History
273:
and the east coast. It has been recorded as far north as
472:
are laid singly on the upper surfaces of the leaves on
924:
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma
1288:
245:base of the cell of the forewing on the upperside.
995:Sinu, Palatty Allesh; Shivanna, K.R. (July 2006).
499:Blue Mormon Butterfly, Western Province, Sri Lanka
347:Blue Mormon Butterfly, Western Province, Sri Lanka
257:, it was assumed that this species was endemic to
951:. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 203–205.
780:A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India
367:is most common in heavy rainfall areas, such as
669:The larva have been recorded to feed on small
503:The caterpillar can be distinguished from the
1158:Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985).
1096:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
8:
1079:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2024 (
754:List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)
1276:
1178:– via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
772:
770:
768:
29:
20:
1057:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
1188:The Identification of Indian Butterflies
777:Varshney, R.K.; Smetacek, Peter (2015).
494:
927:. Vol. II (1st ed.). London:
812:
810:
808:
764:
529:
441:The blue Mormon has been recorded as a
1072:
511:in segments 4 to 5. It has a deep red
1062:(inactive 2024-06-09). Archived from
827:Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
7:
1121:"Maharashtra gets 'State butterfly'"
859:"Maharashtra gets 'State butterfly'"
265:. In India it is restricted to the
14:
217:For a key to the terms used, see
1254:Butterflies of the Indian Region
1037:Mathew, G.; Binoy, C.F. (2002).
907:
652:
640:
628:
616:
604:
592:
580:
568:
556:
544:
532:
54:
1230:Butterflies of Peninsular India
1190:(2nd ed.). Mumbai, India:
968:. Sri Lanka: IUCN. p. 55.
1259:Bombay Natural History Society
1192:Bombay Natural History Society
371:forests. It is also common in
1:
1468:Butterflies described in 1775
857:Rashid, Omar (23 June 2015).
1249:Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander
1059:10.11609/jott.zpj.17.8.844-7
219:Glossary of entomology terms
1473:Taxa named by Pieter Cramer
1227:Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000).
1201:Common Butterflies of India
1119:Rashid, Omar (2015-06-22).
1004:Journal of Tropical Ecology
291:Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth
40:Sanjay Gandhi National Park
1494:
948:Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. V
575:Caterpillar (first instar)
321:and immediately after it.
216:
1164:. Gland & Cambridge:
1016:10.1017/s0266467407004191
789:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164
611:Caterpillar (last instar)
599:Caterpillar (last instar)
156:
149:
51:Scientific classification
49:
37:
28:
23:
1463:Butterflies of Sri Lanka
929:Taylor and Francis, Ltd.
213:Underside of blue Mormon
1218:Haribal, Meena (1992).
823:Cramer, [1775]"
1478:Symbols of Maharashtra
500:
404:
393:Sipping nectar from a
360:
348:
253:Before being found in
241:
214:
1069:on 29 September 2011.
699:Paramigyna monophylla
498:
392:
359:
346:
239:
212:
187:swallowtail butterfly
448:Elettaria cardamomum
16:Species of butterfly
1320:Papilio polymnestor
1290:Papilio polymnestor
1046:Zoos' Print Journal
821:Papilio polymnestor
428:Asystasia gangetica
330:Papilio polymnestor
178:Papilio polymnestor
160:Papilio polymnestor
142:P. polymnestor
679:Atalantia racemosa
501:
451:). It is known to
410:Mussaenda frondosa
405:
361:
349:
242:
215:
1445:
1444:
1282:Taxon identifiers
1257:. Bombay, India:
1175:978-2-88032-603-6
975:978-955-8177-51-8
798:978-81-929826-4-9
692:Glycosmis arborea
685:Atalantia wightii
328:, populations of
174:
173:
1485:
1438:
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871:
869:
854:
848:
844:
838:
837:
835:
833:
817:Savela, Markku.
814:
803:
802:
774:
656:
644:
632:
620:
608:
596:
584:
572:
560:
548:
536:
309:and Kerala. dis
162:
59:
58:
33:
21:
1493:
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1284:
1269:
1247:
1241:
1226:
1217:
1211:
1198:
1182:
1176:
1157:
1154:
1152:General reading
1146:
1137:
1135:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1099:103(1):119-120.
1092:
1088:
1071:
1066:
1041:
1036:
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1031:
999:
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993:
989:
980:
978:
976:
961:
960:
956:
943:Moore, Frederic
941:
940:
936:
931:pp. 50–51.
917:
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293:recorded it in
251:
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170:
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158:
145:
53:
38:Blue Mormon at
17:
12:
11:
5:
1491:
1489:
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1361:
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1310:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1268:978-8170192329
1267:
1245:
1240:978-8173713545
1239:
1224:
1215:
1210:978-0195631647
1209:
1196:
1180:
1174:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1111:
1101:
1086:
1052:(8): 844–847.
1029:
1010:(4): 493–496.
987:
974:
954:
934:
885:
875:
849:
839:
804:
797:
763:
761:
758:
757:
756:
749:
746:
737:
734:
733:
732:
723:
720:Aegle marmelos
716:
709:
706:Citrus grandis
702:
695:
688:
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481:
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465:
462:
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416:Ixora coccinea
386:
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314:
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295:Madhya Pradesh
271:Southern India
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950:
949:
945:(1901–1903).
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925:
920:
919:Bingham, C.T.
915:
914:public domain
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659:Newly emerged
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619:
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505:common Mormon
497:
493:
491:
487:
479:
477:
475:
471:
463:
458:
456:
454:
450:
449:
445:of cardamom (
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267:Western Ghats
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185:, is a large
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151:Binomial name
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36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1289:
1253:
1229:
1219:
1200:
1187:
1160:
1147:
1136:. Retrieved
1124:
1114:
1104:
1095:
1089:
1075:cite journal
1064:the original
1049:
1045:
1032:
1007:
1003:
990:
979:. Retrieved
964:
957:
947:
937:
923:
878:
866:. Retrieved
862:
852:
842:
830:. Retrieved
826:
820:
779:
739:
726:
718:
713:Citrus limon
711:
704:
697:
690:
683:
677:
668:
522:
502:
484:The newborn
483:
467:
446:
440:
432:
426:
425:species and
420:
414:
408:
406:
394:
376:
362:
329:
323:
316:
252:
249:Distribution
243:
231:
227:
223:
182:
177:
176:
175:
159:
157:
141:
140:
128:
118:Papilionidae
24:Blue Mormon
18:
1391:iNaturalist
1314:Wikispecies
1184:Evans, W.H.
742:Maharashtra
736:Recognition
665:Food plants
587:Caterpillar
486:caterpillar
480:Caterpillar
399:species in
303:West Bengal
205:Description
199:Maharashtra
191:south India
183:blue Mormon
108:Lepidoptera
1452:Categories
1138:2019-10-17
981:2010-04-13
760:References
731:cultivars.
513:osmeterium
459:Life cycle
453:mud-puddle
443:pollinator
255:Bangladesh
88:Arthropoda
1133:0971-751X
1125:The Hindu
863:The Hindu
671:rutaceous
490:uric acid
474:rutaceous
434:Atalantia
381:species.
373:deciduous
369:evergreen
365:butterfly
326:Sri Lanka
299:Jharkhand
287:Bangalore
263:Sri Lanka
195:Sri Lanka
189:found in
136:Species:
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
1417:LepIndex
1409:10916997
1328:BioLib:
1305:Q1317905
1299:Wikidata
1251:(1957).
1186:(1932).
1024:62900092
921:(1907).
748:See also
422:Jasminum
396:Hibiscus
338:Citruses
334:Rutaceae
114:Family:
84:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
1458:Papilio
1383:1938147
868:23 June
832:July 3,
623:Prepupa
509:eyespot
403:, India
352:Habitat
319:monsoon
275:Gujarat
129:Papilio
124:Genus:
104:Order:
98:Insecta
94:Class:
1435:551220
1422:169403
1370:PAPIPL
1357:130848
1331:400372
1265:
1237:
1207:
1172:
1131:
1022:
972:
916::
795:
728:Citrus
725:Other
539:Mating
385:Habits
378:Citrus
313:Status
307:Sikkim
279:Mumbai
181:, the
169:, 1775
167:Cramer
1404:IRMNG
1396:51580
1344:4CKMW
1067:(PDF)
1042:(PDF)
1020:S2CID
1000:(PDF)
259:India
44:India
1430:NCBI
1378:GBIF
1365:EPPO
1263:ISBN
1235:ISBN
1205:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1166:IUCN
1129:ISSN
1081:link
970:ISBN
870:2015
834:2018
793:ISBN
682:and
647:Pupa
635:Pupa
525:pupa
523:The
519:Pupa
470:eggs
468:The
464:Eggs
363:The
285:and
283:Pune
261:and
193:and
1352:EoL
1339:CoL
1054:doi
1012:doi
785:doi
563:Egg
551:Egg
401:Goa
324:In
1454::
1432::
1419::
1406::
1393::
1380::
1367::
1354::
1341::
1316::
1301::
1261:.
1168:.
1127:.
1123:.
1077:}}
1073:{{
1050:17
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1044:.
1018:.
1008:23
1006:.
1002:.
888:^
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825:.
807:^
791:.
767:^
515:.
455:.
419:,
413:,
340:.
305:,
301:,
297:,
289:.
281:,
269:,
42:,
1271:.
1243:.
1213:.
1194:.
1141:.
1083:)
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1014::
984:.
872:.
836:.
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801:.
787::
221:.
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