702:
73:
26:
481:
RML. The 70-pdr gun had a maximum elevation of 15°, but the larger gun's elevation was reduced because of its longer barrel. Both guns had a similar maximum range of 5,540 meters (6,060 yd). The 70-pdr gun weighed 8,582 pounds (3,892.7 kg) and fired a 5.5-inch (140 mm) shell that
529:
with rounded corners. It was built much like the hull, but the front of the turret was protected by 152 millimeters (6 in) of armor, the sides by 102 millimeters and the rear by 76 millimeters. Its roof and the exposed portions of the platform it rested upon were protected by
376:. The two foreign-built river monitors already in service drew enough water that they could not operate on the shallower rivers in Paraguay. The monitor configuration was chosen as a turreted design did not have the same problems engaging enemy ships and fortifications as did the
482:
weighed 81 pounds (36.7 kg). The 7-inch (178 mm) shell of the 120-pdr gun weighed 151 pounds (68.5 kg) while the gun itself weighed 16,660 pounds (7,556.8 kg). Most unusually the guns' Brazilian-designed iron
320:
in
February 1868. Afterwards the remaining ships joined the first three and they all provided fire support for the army for the rest of the war. The ships were split between the newly formed Upper Uruguay
518:, 0.91 meters (3.0 ft) high. It had a maximum thickness of 102 millimeters amidships, decreasing to 76 millimeters (3 in) and 51 millimeters (2 in) at the ship's ends. The curved
506:-class ships was made from three layers of wood that alternated in orientation. It was 457 millimeters (18.0 in) thick and was capped with a 102-millimeter (4 in) layer of
1053:
387:
sat on a circular platform that had a central pivot. It was rotated by four men via a system of gears; 2.25 minutes were required for a full 360° rotation. A bronze
1174:
729:
on 19 February 1868. For the engagement the three river monitors were lashed to the larger ironclads in case any engines were disabled by the
Paraguayan guns.
1046:
364:
were designed to meet the need of the
Brazilian Navy for small, shallow-draft armored ships capable of withstanding heavy fire during the
1239:
1287:
1218:
1167:
1114:
996:
677:
1280:
491:
1356:
1204:
1039:
750:
478:
1351:
1273:
1259:
471:
1225:
1160:
1086:
602:
311:
1266:
1211:
1130:
1107:
1100:
730:
659:
641:
422:
they had to be towed between Rio de
Janeiro and their area of operations. Their crew numbered 43 officers and men.
87:
1366:
1197:
1093:
1079:
623:
572:
559:
414:
between of 1.51–1.54 meters (4 ft 11 in – 5 ft 1 in) and displaced 500 metric tons (490
305:
299:
99:
772:
1361:
439:
213:
784:
838:
was docked for reconstruction in 1899. The work was never completed and she was eventually scrapped in 1907.
438:, each driving a single 1.3-meter (4 ft 3 in) propeller. Their engines were powered by two tubular
1307:
740:
507:
291:
77:
826:. After the war the ships were divided between the newly formed Upper Uruguay and Mato Grosso Flotillas.
1232:
443:
987:
Gratz, George A. (1999). "The
Brazilian Imperial Navy Ironclads, 1865–1874". In Preston, Antony (ed.).
726:
317:
1189:
1138:
591:
474:
419:
834:
of 1893–1894. The ships were disposed of during the last two decades of the 19th century, although
815:
462:(15 km/h; 9.2 mph) in calm waters. The ships carried enough coal for one day's steaming.
435:
322:
209:
823:
1299:
1068:
992:
975:
847:
831:
811:
by
Paraguayan soldiers on the evening of 9 July, although they managed to repel the boarders.
808:
487:
377:
345:
287:
150:
780:
25:
819:
701:
407:
1007:
451:
403:
365:
341:
295:
60:
1345:
615:
447:
361:
511:
483:
411:
1251:
792:
519:
459:
392:
330:
265:
224:
814:
For the rest of the war the river monitors bombarded
Paraguayan positions and
595:
531:
515:
455:
396:
384:
259:
253:
197:
979:
554:
526:
388:
369:
767:
had to be beached after passing the fortress to prevent them from sinking.
1023:
415:
373:
333:
284:
161:
381:
830:
was transferred to Rio de
Janeiro in the 1890s and participated in the
16:
Imperial
Brazilian Navy's Pará-class of wooden-hulled ironclad monitors
1152:
1031:
791:
continued upstream with the other undamaged ships and they bombarded
818:
in support of the army, notably at
Angostura, Timbó and along the
700:
477:(RML) in their gun turret, but the last three ships substituted a
522:
was armored with 12.7 millimeters (0.5 in) of wrought iron.
1156:
1035:
391:
was fitted to these ships as well. The hull was sheathed with
290:
named after Brazilian provinces and built in Brazil for the
458:(130 kW) which gave the monitors a maximum speed of 8
402:
The ships measured 39 meters (127 ft 11 in)
709:-class monitor lashed to one of the bigger ironclads
1298:
1250:
1188:
298:in the late 1860s. The first three ships finished,
410:of 8.54 meters (28 ft 0 in). They had a
418:). With only 0.3 meters (1 ft 0 in) of
494:through which splinters and shells could enter.
795:on 24 February with little effect. On 23 March
1168:
1047:
763:, which had taken an estimated 200 hits, and
8:
579:Arsenal de Marinha da Côrte, Rio de Janeiro
530:12.7 millimeters of armor. The armored
490:; this was done to minimize the size of the
966:Davis, William H. (1977). "Question 1/77".
1175:
1161:
1153:
1054:
1040:
1032:
1024:Alphabetical listing of Brazilian warships
541:
188:1.51–1.54 m (5.0–5.1 ft) (mean)
34:, possibly in Rio de Janeiro in the 1890s
581:
486:was designed to pivot vertically at the
858:
470:The first three ships carried a single
454:). The engines produced a total of 180
20:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
882:
880:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
705:A painting of the Passagem showing a
344:in the 1890s and participated in the
7:
534:was positioned ahead of the turret.
434:-class ships had two direct-acting
380:already in Brazilian service. The
283:were a group of six wooden-hulled
262:: 76–152 mm (3.0–6.0 in)
256:: 51–102 mm (2.0–4.0 in)
180:8.54 m (28 ft 0 in)
172:39 m (127 ft 11 in)
14:
991:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
525:The gun turret was shaped like a
442:at a working pressure of 59
1009:A Treatise on Ordnance and Armor
1006:Holley, Alexander Lyman (1865).
713:The first three ships finished,
243:1 × 70- or 120-pdr Whitworth gun
71:
24:
1:
268:: 12.7 mm (0.50 in)
59:Arsenal de Marinha da Côrte,
1012:. New York: D. Van Nostrand.
686:
683:
668:
665:
650:
647:
632:
629:
611:
608:
587:
584:
227:(15 km/h; 9.2 mph)
803:sank the Parguayan steamer
510:. The ships had a complete
1383:
775:until mid-March, although
372:and Brazil allied against
1325:
1125:
1075:
676:
658:
640:
622:
601:
578:
571:
566:
563:
558:
553:
550:
547:
140:
39:
23:
953:Gratz, pp. 149–150, 157
783:to capture the town of
292:Imperial Brazilian Navy
141:General characteristics
78:Imperial Brazilian Navy
725:, participated in the
710:
352:Design and description
326:
316:, participated in the
1352:Ships built in Brazil
1190:Central battery ships
968:Warship International
704:
479:120-pounder Whitworth
235:8 officers and 35 men
160:500 metric tons (490
1332:Single ship of class
807:and both ships were
771:was under repair at
475:rifled muzzle loader
472:70-pounder Whitworth
456:indicated horsepower
1357:Pará-class monitors
1183:Brazilian ironclads
816:artillery batteries
773:São José do Cerrito
544:
340:was transferred to
904:Gratz, pp. 153–154
895:Gratz, pp. 154–156
727:Passage of Humaitá
711:
543:Construction data
542:
378:casemate ironclads
318:Passage of Humaitá
1339:
1338:
1150:
1149:
989:Warship 1999–2000
848:List of ironclads
694:
693:
612:3 September 1867
274:
273:
96:Succeeded by
1374:
1367:Riverine warfare
1241:Sete de Setembro
1177:
1170:
1163:
1154:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1033:
1028:
1013:
1002:
983:
954:
951:
945:
942:
923:
920:
914:
911:
905:
902:
896:
893:
887:
884:
875:
872:
824:Manduvirá Rivers
787:on 27 February.
630:29 October 1867
618:, February 1907
582:8 December 1866
545:
502:The hull of the
76:
75:
74:
28:
21:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1362:Monitor classes
1342:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1321:
1294:
1246:
1184:
1181:
1151:
1146:
1121:
1116:Santa Catharina
1071:
1060:
1027:(in Portuguese)
1026:
1020:
1005:
999:
986:
965:
962:
957:
952:
948:
943:
926:
921:
917:
912:
908:
903:
899:
894:
890:
885:
878:
873:
860:
856:
844:
699:
697:Service history
679:Santa Catharina
672:Scrapped, 1884
654:Scrapped, 1893
648:8 January 1868
636:Scrapped, 1900
609:17 August 1867
540:
508:peroba hardwood
500:
468:
428:
354:
336:after the war.
281:-class monitors
193:Installed power
72:
70:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1380:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1227:Mariz e Barros
1223:
1220:Rio de Janeiro
1216:
1209:
1202:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1019:
1018:External links
1016:
1015:
1014:
1003:
997:
984:
974:(2): 161–172.
961:
958:
956:
955:
946:
924:
915:
906:
897:
888:
876:
857:
855:
852:
851:
850:
843:
840:
739:, followed by
698:
695:
692:
691:
688:
685:
682:
674:
673:
670:
667:
666:22 March 1868
664:
656:
655:
652:
649:
646:
638:
637:
634:
633:November 1867
631:
628:
620:
619:
613:
610:
607:
599:
598:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
569:
568:
565:
562:
557:
552:
549:
539:
536:
499:
496:
467:
464:
427:
424:
366:Paraguayan War
362:river monitors
353:
350:
342:Rio de Janeiro
296:Paraguayan War
272:
271:
270:
269:
263:
257:
249:
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
233:
229:
228:
221:
217:
216:
206:
202:
201:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
158:
154:
153:
147:
143:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
97:
93:
92:
85:
81:
80:
68:
64:
63:
61:Rio de Janeiro
57:
53:
52:
46:
42:
41:
40:Class overview
37:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1379:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1143:
1141:
1137:Followed by:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1129:Preceded by:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1000:
998:0-85177-724-4
994:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
963:
959:
950:
947:
944:Gratz, p. 157
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
925:
922:Gratz, p. 155
919:
916:
913:Holley, p. 34
910:
907:
901:
898:
892:
889:
886:Gratz, p. 154
883:
881:
877:
874:Gratz, p. 153
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
859:
853:
849:
846:
845:
841:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:
748:
744:
743:
738:
734:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
708:
703:
696:
689:
681:
680:
675:
671:
663:
662:
657:
653:
651:January 1868
645:
644:
639:
635:
627:
626:
621:
617:
614:
606:
605:
600:
597:
593:
590:
588:15 June 1867
576:
575:
570:
561:
556:
546:
537:
535:
533:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
497:
495:
493:
489:
485:
480:
476:
473:
465:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:steam engines
433:
425:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
351:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
332:
328:
324:
319:
315:
314:
309:
308:
303:
302:
297:
293:
289:
286:
282:
280:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
251:
250:
247:
246:
242:
239:
238:
234:
231:
230:
226:
222:
219:
218:
215:
211:
210:steam engines
207:
204:
203:
200:(130 kW)
199:
195:
192:
191:
187:
184:
183:
179:
176:
175:
171:
168:
167:
163:
159:
156:
155:
152:
148:
145:
144:
139:
135:
132:
131:
127:
124:
123:
119:
116:
115:
111:
108:
107:
104:
102:
98:
95:
94:
91:
90:
86:
83:
82:
79:
69:
66:
65:
62:
58:
55:
54:
50:
47:
44:
43:
38:
33:
27:
22:
19:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1252:Turret ships
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1139:
1131:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1063:
1062:
1008:
988:
971:
967:
949:
918:
909:
900:
891:
835:
832:Fleet Revolt
827:
813:
804:
800:
796:
788:
776:
768:
764:
760:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
722:
718:
714:
712:
706:
678:
660:
642:
624:
603:
585:21 May 1867
573:
538:Construction
524:
512:wrought iron
503:
501:
469:
431:
429:
404:long overall
401:
368:, which saw
357:
355:
348:of 1893–94.
346:Fleet Revolt
337:
327:Alto Uruguai
312:
306:
300:
278:
277:
275:
208:2 shafts, 2
157:Displacement
100:
88:
48:
31:
18:
1261:Lima Barros
690:Sank, 1882
684:5 May 1868
669:April 1868
393:Muntz metal
331:Mato Grosso
294:during the
84:Preceded by
30:A photo of
1346:Categories
1088:Rio Grande
960:References
836:Rio Grande
797:Rio Grande
789:Rio Grande
737:Rio Grande
723:Rio Grande
687:June 1868
604:Rio Grande
594:, 1884 at
564:Completed
532:pilothouse
514:waterline
446:(407
426:Propulsion
397:biofouling
395:to reduce
385:gun turret
323:Portuguese
313:Rio Grande
260:Gun turret
232:Complement
205:Propulsion
117:In service
1275:Riachuelo
1206:Tamandaré
980:0043-0374
820:Tebicuary
779:joined a
752:Tamandaré
735:led with
592:Discarded
555:Laid down
527:rectangle
450:; 4
420:freeboard
416:long tons
406:, with a
370:Argentina
334:Flotillas
196:180
162:long tons
125:Completed
120:1867–1900
112:1866–1868
67:Operators
1300:Monitors
1282:Aquidabã
1069:monitors
842:See also
793:Asunción
785:Laureles
781:squadron
616:Scrapped
560:Launched
551:Builder
484:carriage
466:Armament
374:Paraguay
288:monitors
285:ironclad
240:Armament
133:Scrapped
56:Builders
1289:Deodoro
1268:Silvado
1213:Barroso
1132:Silvado
1095:Alagoas
828:Alagoas
809:boarded
801:Barroso
769:Alagoas
761:Alagoas
759:. Both
747:Alagoas
732:Barroso
719:Alagoas
625:Alagoas
596:Ladário
492:gunport
440:boilers
360:-class
338:Alagoas
307:Alagoas
214:boilers
151:monitor
89:Silvado
32:Alagoas
1234:Cabral
1199:Brasil
1140:Javary
1066:-class
995:
978:
805:Igurey
488:muzzle
452:kgf/cm
382:oblong
329:) and
169:Length
149:River
101:Javary
1309:Bahia
1142:class
1109:Ceará
1102:Piauí
854:Notes
755:with
745:with
742:Bahia
661:Ceará
643:Piauí
567:Fate
548:Ship
498:Armor
460:knots
412:draft
248:Armor
225:knots
220:Speed
185:Draft
109:Built
103:class
51:class
1316:Pará
1081:Pará
1064:Pará
993:ISBN
976:ISSN
822:and
799:and
777:Pará
765:Pará
757:Pará
749:and
721:and
715:Pará
707:Pará
574:Pará
520:deck
516:belt
504:Pará
432:Pará
430:The
408:beam
358:Pará
356:The
310:and
301:Pará
279:Pará
276:The
266:Deck
254:Belt
212:, 2
177:Beam
146:Type
49:Pará
45:Name
972:XIV
448:kPa
444:psi
389:ram
198:ihp
1348::
970:.
927:^
879:^
861:^
717:,
399:.
325::
304:,
223:8
1329:S
1176:e
1169:t
1162:v
1055:e
1048:t
1041:v
1001:.
982:.
321:(
164:)
136:6
128:6
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
