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fish that lives on sandy and muddy bottoms in estuaries and near shore areas, at depths of up to 550 metres (1,800 ft). It reaches up to 57 centimetres (22 in) in length, and can weigh up to 1.5 kilograms (3.3 lb). Its native habitat is the eastern
Pacific, stretching from the coast of
370:
The
English sole is a right-eyed flatfish with a compressed, diamond-shaped body and a small head with a pointed snout and small, asymmetric mouth. The upper surface is covered in rough scales and is usually uniformly brown, but occasionally speckled; the lower surface is smooth, and white to pale
438:
Although biomass is increasing, catches have been steadily decreasing since the 1960s — though catches peaked in the southern area in 1929 with 3,976 tonnes (3,913 long tons; 4,383 short tons) landed, and in the north in 1949 at 4,008 tonnes (3,945 long tons; 4,418 short tons). This decline is
443:
in order to protect other bottom-dwelling species. However, the level of exploitation of this species has been low since 1997 within the Bering Sea and
Aleutian Islands region, while it has been low for approximately 30 years on the West Coast of the United States, and most take occurs as
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The
English sole is an important commercial fish, and has been fished in the Eastern Pacific, almost exclusively by
892:
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336:, or lemon sole, a name by which it is also known in English, though the true lemon sole is a separate species,
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is increasing, catches have been declining since the 1960s and are currently almost at an all-time low.
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estimated to be due to a combination of market factors and management restrictions placed on
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415:. English sole feed by day, using both sight and smell, and often dig for food.
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659:. Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. 16 December 1996. Archived from
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431:, off Washington, Oregon and California, and one in the Bering Sea off
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435:. The majority of English sole landed is from the West Coast fishery.
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English sole is an important commercial fish, primarily caught off
939:
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Bryan, M.; Spies, I.; Stevenson, D.; Munroe, T.A. (2021).
688:. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Archived from
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493:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T158632774A158638071.en
383:is mostly straight, but curves slightly around the
686:Alaska Sea Grant Marine Advisory Bulletin No. 47
427:, since 1876. Two fisheries exist: one on the
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8:
554:"Study of the US English sole resource 2005"
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358:, meaning "eyebrow", and the species name
222:
59:
40:
31:
491:
395:The diet of the English sole consists of
350:The genus name is derived from the Greek
457:
1014:Taxa named by Charles Frédéric Girard
7:
1004:Western North American coastal fauna
971:7C1F4884-626C-49F6-9736-0D26AAEBABAE
945:040C762F-FDF2-7480-2171-C81B11433537
332:English sole is known in Spanish as
994:IUCN Red List least concern species
479:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
598:"English Sole (Parophrys vetulus)"
25:
606:National Marine Fisheries Service
561:National Marine Fisheries Service
636:World Register of Marine Species
631:"Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854"
524:Parophrys vetulus month-February
84:
429:West Coast of the United States
552:Stewart, Ian J (25 May 2005).
520:; Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2018).
1:
362:is a word meaning "old man".
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486:: e.T158632774A158638071.
231:Range of the English sole
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81:Scientific classification
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1009:Fish described in 1854
371:yellow in colour. The
265:Pleuronectes digrammus
399:organisms, primarily
246:Pleuronectes vetulus
379:edges are dark. The
306:in the south to the
663:on 1 September 2007
612:on 26 December 2007
254:Parophrys hubbardii
51:Conservation status
570:on January 9, 2009
419:Commercial fishing
354:, meaning "near",
289:) is a species of
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980:
927:Open Tree of Life
721:Parophrys vetulus
713:Taxon identifiers
472:Parophrys vetulus
286:Parophrys vetulus
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207:Parophrys vetulus
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138:Pleuronectiformes
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16:(Redirected from
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692:on 7 August 2007
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563:. Archived from
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339:Microstomus kitt
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304:Baja California
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189:P. vetulus
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27:Species of fish
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999:Pleuronectidae
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682:"English sole"
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657:"ENGLISH SOLE"
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518:Froese, Rainer
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310:in the north.
295:Pleuronectidae
293:in the family
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249:(Girard, 1854)
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158:Pleuronectinae
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334:platija limĂłn
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35:English sole
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906:english-sole
720:
694:. Retrieved
690:the original
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665:. Retrieved
661:the original
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640:. Retrieved
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614:. Retrieved
610:the original
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572:. Retrieved
565:the original
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401:marine worms
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385:pectoral fin
381:lateral line
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281:English sole
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168:
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29:
875:NatureServe
823:iNaturalist
413:echinoderms
409:crustaceans
377:ventral fin
366:Description
154:Subfamily:
988:Categories
696:2009-05-11
667:2009-05-11
642:2009-05-11
616:2009-05-11
574:2009-05-11
452:References
397:zoobenthos
323:California
315:Washington
308:Bering Sea
297:. It is a
867:158632774
750:Parophrys
602:FishWatch
499:12 August
346:Etymology
325:. Though
183:Species:
169:Parophrys
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
18:Parophrys
880:2.101164
841:11213023
797:FishBase
736:Q2845287
730:Wikidata
531:FishBase
405:molluscs
299:demersal
291:flatfish
237:Synonyms
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
966:ZooBank
815:2409370
446:bycatch
425:trawler
360:vetulus
327:biomass
269:GĂĽnther
164:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
958:254393
932:835838
919:254393
893:172659
854:172921
828:117545
789:125071
433:Alaska
373:dorsal
356:ophrys
319:Oregon
271:, 1862
260:, 1862
216:, 1854
214:Girard
177:, 1854
175:Girard
953:WoRMS
940:Plazi
836:IRMNG
784:EUNIS
776:4DRYX
763:33893
604:. US
568:(PDF)
559:. US
557:(PDF)
914:OBIS
901:NOAA
888:NCBI
862:IUCN
849:ITIS
810:GBIF
802:4248
758:BOLD
501:2024
484:2021
411:and
391:Diet
375:and
352:para
321:and
258:Gill
771:CoL
745:ADW
488:doi
990::
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684:.
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583:^
540:^
528:.
509:^
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476:.
460:^
448:.
407:,
403:,
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342:.
317:,
699:.
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619:.
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283:(
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
