457:
on the
Paralympic level. It required that classification be sport specific, and served two roles. The first was that it determined eligibility to participate in the sport and that it created specific groups of sportspeople who were eligible to participate and in which class. The IPC left it up to International Federations to develop their own classification systems within this framework, with the specification that their classification systems use an evidence based approach developed through research. Functional classifications continued to be used in the 2010s. In 2010, the IPC announced that they would release a new IPC Athletics Classification handbook that specifically dealt with physical impairments. This classification guide would be put into effect following the closing ceremony of the
355:(CP-ISRA). There were five cerebral palsy classifications. That year, 80 to 85% of all competitors with cerebral palsy competed in the same classification. There was separate classification for track events and field events. Class 2 competitors would compete in the 20 metre race using arm propulsion, 60 metre race using leg propulsion, 200 metre race using leg propulsion and the 3 x 60 metre shuttle relay event, which required 3 competitors from class 2 and 3 of which one had to be a class 2 competitor. In field events, competitors could compete in the medicine ball thrust, the kickball event, the club throw event and the shot put.
273:
257:
348:. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the classification system, set up as a series of "handicaps", was seen as problematic because in an effort to clearly describe a disability and promote fairness, the number of classifications made the organisation of competitive events difficult. There were too few people in a classification to the point where an international event for people with disabilities said "1000 competitors = 1000 winners." There were some exceptions to this in classes like double leg paralysis as a result of brain or spinal injury and single leg amputations.
2658:
2078:
604:
confirmed prior to the Games, with exceptions to this policy being dealt with on a case-by-case basis. In case there was a need for classification or reclassification at the Games despite best efforts otherwise, athletics classification was scheduled for
September 4 and September 5 at Olympic Stadium. For sportspeople with physical or intellectual disabilities going through classification or reclassification in Rio, their in competition observation event is their first appearance in competition at the Games.
409:, there was a push to move more towards a functional classification system by the International Coordinating Committee and the Technical Committee of the International Paralympic Committee. This came to a head at the November 1989 meeting of the Barcelona Olympics Organising Committee, when a discussion was started about what events and classifications should be eligible for the Games. A study by the organising committee and the
177:
161:
145:
129:
241:
225:
209:
193:
437:
competitors with partial mobility in their trunk and arms, T3 for competitors who had use of their trunk halfway down and good arms, and T4 for able-bodied athletes from the waist and things, which also included double amputees. A classification system from F1 to F7 existing at the time for wheelchair competitors in field events. A classification system also existed for blind athletes from B1 to B3.
419:
recreational. The suggestions for classification were then implemented for sports such as swimming and athletics. During the late 1980s and early 1990s there was a movement away from medical classification and into functional classification systems. Following this, the 1992 Summer
Paralympics had four wheelchair racing classifications, down from 7 at the 1988 Summer Paralympics.
444:, there were concerns raised by members of the cerebral palsy community about the need to maintain a multiple functional classification system inside this sport specifically for this class of athletes given the large range of functional ability inside the community with cerebral palsy and other motor functional disabilities. Several classes in this sport were included in the
362:(CP-ISRA) set eligibility rules for classification. They defined cerebral palsy as a non-progressive brain lesion that results in impairment. People with cerebral palsy or non-progressive brain damage were eligible for classification by them. The organisation also dealt with classification for people with similar impairments. For their classification system, people with
628:
453:
T8-S2 neurological impairment level and 3, 4, 5 and 6 for medical classification. In 2005, athletics had fifty different races for the 100 metre race when gender and classification events were totaled. These include seven wheelchair classifications, six les autres classes, nine amputee classes, eight cerebral palsy classes, and three blinded classes.
583:
At the 1996 Paralympic Games, on the spot classification required sporting equipment available for classifiers to use to assess field competitors' classification. At the 1996 Summer
Paralympics, classification was important because if on the spot classifications resulted in changes to a competitor's
533:
There are levels of classification available: Provisional, National and
International. The first is for athletes who do not have access to a full classification panel; it is a temporary indication of class, used only in lower levels of competition. The second can be used in all domestic competitions.
516:
classification currently in use is comparable to but broader than the early L2 SCI classification. Like L2 SCI, it includes competitors with normal functioning except for lower limb paralysis; unlike SCI L2, it also includes bilateral leg amputees. If a racer's abdominal muscles are paralysed, they
397:
During the 1980s, there were 8 classes for cerebral palsy competitors, 3 classes for competitors with visual impairments, 9 classes for competitors with ambulatory issues and six classes for Les Autres athletes. Intellectual disability athletics classifications existed by the 1984 within the context
456:
Because of issues in objectively identifying functionality that plagued the post
Barcelona Games, the IPC unveiled plans to develop a new classification system in 2003. This classification system went into effect in 2007, and defined ten different disability types that were eligible to participate
452:
equivalent to <C6 neurological impairment level and 1A for medical classification, T2 equivalent to CYB neurological impairment level, and 1B and 1C for medical classification, T3 equivalent to C7-T7 neurological impairment level, and 1c, 2 and 3 for medical classification, and T4 equivalent to
328:
The classification for this sport was created during the 1940s and for much of its early history was a medical condition based classification system. An example of classification in this period was L2 SCI, which was for competitors who had normal functioning except for lower limb paralysis. These
428:
In 1992, the
International Paralympic Committee formally took control of governance for disability sport. The 1992 Games were the first ones where athletes of different types of disabilities competed against each other, athletes had a guaranteed right to appeal their classification. The wheelchair
38:. The classification for this sport was created during the 1940s and for much of its early history was a medical condition based classification system. The classification system has subsequently become a functional mobility based one, and is moving towards an evidence-based classification system.
424:
During the 1990s, there was a decision to try to fix athlete classification so that competitors could have more certainty in which classification they would compete in before attending an event. This was a big change as previously, athletes would be classified right before and during an event.
436:
At the 1996 Summer
Paralympics, there were 44 athletics classifications, 20 for track and 24 for field. The classifications covered four broad disability types. In 1997, there were four spinal injury related classifications for wheelchair track athletes. They were T1 for tetraplegics, T2 for
121:
Para-athletics classification at the
Paralympic Games is the basis for determining who can compete in specific athletic sports, and within which class. It is used for the purposes of establishing fair competition. The general rules for para-athletics are based on rules intended for able-bodied
603:
had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training preparations. All competitors needed to be internationally classified with their classification status
418:
and a 1989 Nottingham competition. The study proposed a series of classes, based on the competitive results, for use in
Barcelona. The local organising committee was insistent such a system be implemented to insure the sport at the Paralympic Games was serious and competitive, instead of
580:, all disability types were eligible to participate, with classification being run through all the major classifying bodies, with classification being done based on disability type. General and functional classification took place in the Paralympic Village in block 2 from 29 to 31 August.
41:
Each class has a code consisting of a letter and two digits, with the letter being either "T" or "F" (indicating track or field events) and the number representing the level of physical ability. The current IPC classifications for athletics can be grouped by impairment as follows:
287:
Beyond the level of vision impairment, research done at the Central Institute on Employment Abilities of the Handicapped in Moscow has found differences in functional capabilities based on differences in visual acuity. This plays a significant role in athletics races.
588:, 215 assessments were conducted at the Games. This resulted in 30 class changes. 3 of these were protested by a national Paralympic committee and 9 by PNS. 8 of these were upheld and 4 were denied. There were 28 classification appeals lodged for athletics at the
524:
In athletics, bilateral below the elbow amputations have a minimal impact on functional ability to run distances. As a result, athletic classifications differ from swimming because of the differences in body use requirements impacting performance.
616:, is working on improving classification to be more of an evidence-based system as opposed to a performance-based system so as not to punish elite athletes whose performance makes them appear in a higher class alongside competitors who train less.
413:
in the lead up to the meeting. It looked at the results for the 1984 and 1987 Stoke Mandeville Games, the 1984 New York Games, a 1985 Brussels competition, a 1985 Rome competition, a 1986 Puerto Rico competition, a 1987 Paris competition, the
402:. In some cases, one intellectual disability class existed with events broken down by age in order to allow equal competition for runners. Some of these races were held in Canada and disability classes competed during able bodied events.
329:
competitors would not compete in wheelchair races against double above the knee amputees because, while their functional disabilities were similar, their medical conditions were not. The first wheelchair races took place by 1952 at the
333:. By 1955, Germans had realised there was a need for classification in athletics event because it was systematically unfair to insist a double leg above the knee amputee compete against able bodied athletes in events like the shot put.
1725:
Doll-Tepper, Gudrun; Kröner, Michael; Sonnenschein, Werner; International Paralympic Committee, Sport Science Committee (2001). "Organisation and Administration of the Classification Process for the Paralympics".
1545:
Doll-Tepper, Gudrun; Kröner, Michael; Sonnenschein, Werner; International Paralympic Committee, Sport Science Committee (2001). "Organisation and Administration of the Classification Process for the Paralympics".
1445:
Doll-Tepper, Gudrun; Kröner, Michael; Sonnenschein, Werner; International Paralympic Committee, Sport Science Committee (2001). "Organisation and Administration of the Classification Process for the Paralympics".
1294:
Doll-Tepper, Gudrun; Kröner, Michael; Sonnenschein, Werner; International Paralympic Committee, Sport Science Committee (2001). "Organisation and Administration of the Classification Process for the Paralympics".
987:
Doll-Tepper, Gudrun; Kröner, Michael; Sonnenschein, Werner; International Paralympic Committee, Sport Science Committee (2001). "Organisation and Administration of the Classification Process for the Paralympics".
916:
Doll-Tepper, Gudrun; Kröner, Michael; Sonnenschein, Werner; International Paralympic Committee, Sport Science Committee (2001). "Organisation and Administration of the Classification Process for the Paralympics".
660:
Doll-Tepper, Gudrun; Kröner, Michael; Sonnenschein, Werner; International Paralympic Committee, Sport Science Committee (2001). "Organisation and Administration of the Classification Process for the Paralympics".
584:
classification, it impacted the competition schedule. Consequently, on the spot classification or re-classification, was viewed as a negative aspect for these Games and the Paralympic movement overall. At the
461:. Athletes needed to be at least 18 years old to compete in the T40/F40 and T41/F41 classes. This was to prevent still growing children from competing in this class despite otherwise not having a disability.
359:
352:
305:
2638:
2374:
730:
Trends and issues in Winter Paralympic sport : proceedings of Winter Paralympic Experts Congress -4th Paralympic Congress - organized by the IPC and NAPOC March 7-8, 1998 Nagano, Japan
374:
were eligible provided the condition did not interfere with their ability to compete. People who had strokes were eligible for classification following medical clearance. Competitors with
308:
has an interest in the sport because it is open to people with cerebral palsy, it is not governed by them. In 1983, the rules for this sport and approval for classification was done by the
2058:
272:
256:
26:
events. Classification is intended to group together athletes with similar levels of physical ability to allow fair competition. Classification was created and is managed by the
387:
2631:
337:
2367:
950:
Vernon Lin; Christopher Bono; Diana Cardenas; Frederick Frost; Laurie Lindblom; Margaret Hammond; Inder Parkash; Stevens Stiens; Robert Woolsey (19 March 2010).
1728:
New Horizons in sport for athletes with a disability : proceedings of the International VISTA '99 Conference, Cologne, Germany, 28 August-1 September 1999
1548:
New Horizons in sport for athletes with a disability : proceedings of the International VISTA '99 Conference, Cologne, Germany, 28 August-1 September 1999
1448:
New Horizons in sport for athletes with a disability : proceedings of the International VISTA '99 Conference, Cologne, Germany, 28 August-1 September 1999
1297:
New Horizons in sport for athletes with a disability : proceedings of the International VISTA '99 Conference, Cologne, Germany, 28 August-1 September 1999
919:
New Horizons in sport for athletes with a disability : proceedings of the International VISTA '99 Conference, Cologne, Germany, 28 August-1 September 1999
663:
New Horizons in sport for athletes with a disability : proceedings of the International VISTA '99 Conference, Cologne, Germany, 28 August-1 September 1999
2624:
2595:
2051:
990:
New Horizons in sport for athletes with a disability: proceedings of the International VISTA '99 Conference, Cologne, Germany, 28 August-1 September 1999
309:
1990:
2477:
2360:
312:. At the 1992 Summer Games, athletics classification was governed by four different sporting bodies including the IBSA, ISOD, ISMWSF and the CP-ISRA.
1976:. Petersham, N.S.W.: Walla Walla Press in conjunction with the Australian Centre for Olympic Studies University of Technology, Sydney. p. 152.
1961:. Petersham, N.S.W.: Walla Walla Press in conjunction with the Australian Centre for Olympic Studies University of Technology, Sydney. p. 151.
1622:. Petersham, N.S.W.: Walla Walla Press in conjunction with the Australian Centre for Olympic Studies University of Technology, Sydney. p. 238.
3105:
2564:
2407:
2044:
2462:
160:
144:
128:
176:
2467:
1417:
961:
705:
88:
T/F42–44 (leg impairment, lower limb affected by limb deficiency, leg length difference, impaired muscle power or impaired range of movement)
2523:
2472:
3095:
2668:
2647:
2590:
410:
1897:
1207:
613:
600:
340:(ISOD) was created. They created the first formal classification system, which had 27 classes. This was reduced to 12 classes for the
297:
27:
565:
As demonstration sports, amputee and visually impaired classifications were allowed to compete in athletics for the first at time at
2968:
2723:
2569:
2549:
2544:
2482:
2417:
2412:
1801:
1768:
1647:
1278:
892:
763:
858:
240:
224:
208:
192:
2933:
2554:
2508:
2503:
2487:
728:
Tolmatchev, Roman (1998). "On the Issue of Sports Classification of the Blind and Partially Sighted". In Yabe, Kyonosuke (ed.).
2605:
2600:
2528:
2383:
641:
2442:
2397:
1933:
1869:
1735:
1594:
1555:
1521:
1488:
1455:
1379:
1343:
1304:
1238:
1151:
997:
926:
670:
1697:
2585:
2518:
464:
The debate about inclusion of competitors into able-bodied competitions was seen by some disability sport advocates like
3023:
2559:
2457:
2452:
2447:
468:
as a hindrance to the development of an independent classification system not based on the rules for able-bodied sport.
569:. Competitors with cerebral palsy classifications were allowed to compete at the Paralympics for the first time at the
496:. There are also four classes for wheelchair athletes with other impairments, such as spinal cord injury. They include
91:
T/F45–47 (arm impairment, upper limbs affected by limb deficiency, impaired muscle power or impaired range of movement)
2893:
2437:
2422:
787:
1972:
Cashman, Richard I; Darcy, Simon; University of Technology, Sydney. Australian Centre for Olympic Studies (2008).
1957:
Cashman, Richard I; Darcy, Simon; University of Technology, Sydney. Australian Centre for Olympic Studies (2008).
1618:
Cashman, Richard I; Darcy, Simon; University of Technology, Sydney. Australian Centre for Olympic Studies (2008).
330:
2657:
2432:
320:
As of 2012, people with physical, vision, and intellectual disabilities are eligible to compete in this sport.
3100:
2513:
1671:
596:
589:
585:
577:
570:
566:
555:
551:
547:
543:
458:
445:
441:
430:
415:
406:
367:
345:
341:
101:
57:
122:
competitors. The blind classifications are based on medical classification, not functional classification.
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2779:
2301:
2291:
481:
34:. People with physical, vision and intellectual disabilities are eligible to compete in this sport at the
1893:
391:
2858:
2402:
465:
2077:
3074:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2869:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2734:
2729:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2296:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
518:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
279:
263:
247:
231:
215:
199:
183:
167:
151:
135:
53:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
449:
379:
375:
109:
35:
1925:
1919:
1586:
1580:
1230:
1224:
1143:
1137:
1939:
1929:
1875:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1807:
1797:
1774:
1764:
1741:
1731:
1653:
1643:
1600:
1590:
1561:
1551:
1527:
1517:
1494:
1484:
1461:
1451:
1413:
1407:
1385:
1375:
1349:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1310:
1300:
1274:
1244:
1234:
1203:
1180:
1157:
1147:
1118:
1095:
1072:
1049:
1026:
1003:
993:
957:
951:
932:
922:
898:
888:
840:
818:
769:
759:
701:
676:
666:
64:
47:
399:
22:
is a system to determine which athletes with disabilities may compete against each other in
1177:
The development of a policy : Integration Conference 1990 Adelaide, December 3-5, 1990
1175:
Australian Sports Commission; Australian Confederation of Sports for the Disabled (1990).
74:
T/F35–38 (ambulant events for athletes with a movement disorder, including cerebral palsy)
386:
were not eligible for classification by CP-ISRA, but were eligible for classification by
477:
383:
68:
23:
2616:
3089:
633:
351:
In 1983, classification for cerebral palsy competitors in this sport was done by the
78:
2019:
521:. Events for wheelchair class athletes range from 100 metre races to the marathon.
363:
2352:
1268:
695:
94:
T/F51–57 (wheelchair events for athletes with a lower body impairment, including
2036:
534:
To compete internationally, an International-level classification is required.
1825:
1202:(First ed.). West Sussex, England: Wiley-Interscience. pp. 103–104.
623:
105:
95:
1811:
1778:
1657:
1531:
1498:
1389:
1184:
1122:
1099:
1076:
1053:
1030:
902:
844:
822:
773:
1943:
1879:
1794:
Wheelchair sport : a complete guide for athletes, coaches, and teachers
1745:
1604:
1565:
1465:
1353:
1314:
1248:
1161:
1007:
936:
756:
Wheelchair sport : a complete guide for athletes, coaches, and teachers
680:
1179:. Willoughby, N.S.W.: Australian Confederation of Sports for the Disabled.
791:
559:
371:
82:
1759:
Vanlandewijck, Yves; Thompson, Walter R; IOC Medical Commission (2011).
1638:
Vanlandewijck, Yves; Thompson, Walter R; IOC Medical Commission (2011).
883:
Vanlandewijck, Yves; Thompson, Walter R; IOC Medical Commission (2011).
732:. Nagano, Japan: Nagano Paralympic Organizing Committee. pp. 71–72.
1550:. Vol. 1. Oxford (UK): Meyer & Meyer Sport. pp. 291–292.
1450:. Vol. 1. Oxford (UK): Meyer & Meyer Sport. pp. 379–392.
1113:
Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983).
1090:
Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983).
1067:
Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983).
1044:
Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983).
1021:
Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983).
813:
Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983).
1094:(Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 16–18.
1048:(Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 13–38.
546:. Only wheelchair classified athletes were eligible to compete at the
1761:
The paralympic athlete : handbook of sports medicine and science
1640:
The paralympic athlete : handbook of sports medicine and science
885:
The paralympic athlete : handbook of sports medicine and science
817:(Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 9–11.
1117:(Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 7–8.
1071:(Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 4–6.
542:
Wheelchair racing was one of the foundation sports at the original
2989:
2739:
1730:. Vol. 1. Oxford (UK): Meyer & Meyer Sport. p. 290.
1299:. Vol. 1. Oxford (UK): Meyer & Meyer Sport. p. 322.
992:. Vol. 1. Oxford (UK): Meyer & Meyer Sport. p. 320.
921:. Vol. 1. Oxford (UK): Meyer & Meyer Sport. p. 319.
665:. Vol. 1. Oxford (UK): Meyer & Meyer Sport. p. 289.
1025:(Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. p. 1.
3009:
3004:
2999:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2620:
2356:
2040:
2994:
2879:
2874:
2864:
2744:
864:. Bonn, Germany: International Paralympic Committee. p. 4
360:
Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association
353:
Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association
1763:. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 23.
1642:. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 21.
1374:. Barcelona: COOB'92, Paralympics Division D.L. p. 46.
887:. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 20.
839:. Barcelona, Spain: COOB '92, Divisio de Paralympics. 1992.
476:
There are four classifications for wheelchair athletes with
837:
The fifteen sports of the Barcelona '92 IX Paralympic Games
1267:
Vanlandewijck, Yves C.; Thompson, Walter R. (2016-06-01).
592:
involving 18 athletes which resulted in 10 class changes.
1440:
1438:
1436:
1974:
Benchmark games : the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games
1959:
Benchmark games : the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games
1633:
1631:
1629:
1620:
Benchmark games : the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games
758:. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. pp. 18–19.
366:
were not eligible unless they had medical evidence of
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1409:
Disability Sport: Policy and Society: An Introduction
1828:. Sydney, Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
104:(Lower limb/s competing with prosthesis affected by
2578:
2537:
2496:
2390:
2209:
2083:
2022:. Bonn, Germany: International Paralympic Committee
1796:. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. p. 13.
1365:
1363:
1200:
Athlete First: A History of the Paralympic Movement
982:
980:
1516:. Auckland, N.Z.: Hodder Moa Beckett. p. 18.
1483:. Auckland, N.Z.: Hodder Moa Beckett. p. 17.
612:Disability sport's major classification body, the
388:International Sports Organisation for the Disabled
338:International Sport Organization for the Disabled
1676:Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation
1514:Against the odds : New Zealand Paralympians
1481:Against the odds : New Zealand Paralympians
344:and was further reduced to nine classes for the
63:T/F31–34 (wheelchair events for athletes with a
953:Spinal Cord Medicine: Principles & Practice
2632:
2368:
2052:
1401:
1399:
1372:Guide to the Barcelona'92 IX Paralympic Games
859:"Layman's Guide to Paralympic Classification"
550:in Rome in this sport. This continued at the
8:
1270:Training and Coaching the Paralympic Athlete
30:(IPC), which is regularly published via its
2639:
2625:
2617:
2375:
2361:
2353:
2059:
2045:
2037:
310:International Amateur Athletics Federation
1924:. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p.
1918:DePauw, Karen P; Gavron, Susan J (1995).
1860:. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p.
1854:DePauw, Karen P; Gavron, Susan J (1995).
1585:. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p.
1579:DePauw, Karen P; Gavron, Susan J (1995).
1334:. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p.
1328:DePauw, Karen P; Gavron, Susan J (1995).
1229:. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p.
1223:DePauw, Karen P; Gavron, Susan J (1995).
1142:. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p.
1136:DePauw, Karen P; Gavron, Susan J (1995).
956:. Demos Medical Publishing. p. 810.
166:Visualisation of functional vision for a
150:Visualisation of functional vision for a
134:Visualisation of functional vision for a
652:
124:
1262:
1260:
1258:
302:IPC Athletics Classification Handbook.
182:Visualisation of classification for a
16:Disability sport classification system
1985:
1983:
1412:. Taylor & Francis. p. 129.
1115:Classification and sport rules manual
1092:Classification and sport rules manual
1069:Classification and sport rules manual
1046:Classification and sport rules manual
1023:Classification and sport rules manual
815:Classification and sport rules manual
694:Joseph P. Winnick (27 October 2010).
448:. The new classification system made
300:, with classification spelled in the
32:IPC Athletics Classification Handbook
7:
1698:"IPC Athletics Classification Rules"
1370:Hores Extraordinaries, S.A. (1992).
697:Adapted Physical Education and Sport
2648:Cerebral palsy sport classification
1696:IPC Athletics STC (July 15, 2010).
411:Polytechnic University of Catalonia
1998:International Paralympic Committee
1898:International Paralympic Committee
1705:International Paralympic Committee
614:International Paralympic Committee
601:International Paralympic Committee
298:International Paralympic Committee
28:International Paralympic Committee
14:
429:classifications were part of the
370:. People with cerebral palsy and
296:Classification is handled by the
2656:
2076:
1406:Nigel Thomas (29 January 2009).
626:
480:and similar movement disorders:
278:Functional mobility range for a
271:
262:Functional mobility range for a
255:
239:
223:
207:
191:
175:
159:
143:
127:
2384:Disability sport classification
1991:"Rio 2016 Classification Guide"
790:. CP-ISRA. 2012. Archived from
642:Disability sport classification
3106:Sport of athletics terminology
1792:Goosey-Tolfrey, Vicky (2010).
754:Goosey-Tolfrey, Vicky (2010).
700:. Human Kinetics. p. 51.
1:
2068:Para-athletics classification
20:Para-athletics classification
3122:
3096:Parasports classifications
1672:"IPC Athletics Amendments"
3018:
2963:
2928:
2888:
2853:
2768:
2718:
2663:
2654:
2074:
1826:"What is Classification?"
1273:. John Wiley & Sons.
331:Stoke Mandeville Hospital
246:Disability type for some
230:Disability type for some
214:Disability type for some
198:Disability type for some
2020:"Classification History"
529:Levels of classification
2596:Intellectual disability
597:2016 Summer Paralympics
590:2000 Summer Paralympics
586:2000 Summer Paralympics
578:1992 Summer Paralympics
571:1984 Summer Paralympics
567:1972 Summer Paralympics
556:1968 Summer Paralympics
552:1964 Summer Paralympics
548:1960 Summer Paralympics
544:1960 Summer Paralympics
538:At the Paralympic Games
517:may be classified as a
459:2012 Summer Paralympics
446:2002 Commonwealth Games
442:2000 Summer Paralympics
431:1994 Commonwealth Games
407:1992 Summer Paralympics
346:1992 Summer Paralympics
342:1976 Summer Paralympics
58:intellectual impairment
1198:Bailey, Steve (2008).
368:loco-motor dysfunction
2524:Wheelchair basketball
2084:Track and jump events
1512:Gray, Alison (1997).
1479:Gray, Alison (1997).
110:leg length difference
1921:Disability and sport
1857:Disability and sport
1582:Disability and sport
1331:Disability and sport
1226:Disability and sport
1139:Disability and sport
794:on 10 September 2012
392:Games of Les Autres
2570:Wheelchair curling
2550:Para-nordic skiing
2545:Para-alpine skiing
2483:Wheelchair fencing
380:muscular dystrophy
376:multiple sclerosis
36:Summer Paralympics
3083:
3082:
2614:
2613:
2555:Para-snowboarding
2509:Football 7-a-side
2504:Football 5-a-side
2488:Wheelchair tennis
2391:Individual Sports
2350:
2349:
1894:"Heidelberg 1972"
1419:978-0-415-37818-5
963:978-1-933864-19-8
707:978-0-7360-8918-0
466:Horst Strokhkendl
65:movement disorder
48:visual impairment
3113:
2660:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2618:
2606:Wheelchair sport
2579:Disability types
2529:Wheelchair rugby
2377:
2370:
2363:
2354:
2080:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1995:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1851:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1635:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1442:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1264:
1253:
1252:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1018:
1012:
1011:
984:
975:
974:
972:
970:
947:
941:
940:
913:
907:
906:
880:
874:
873:
871:
869:
863:
855:
849:
848:
833:
827:
826:
810:
804:
803:
801:
799:
784:
778:
777:
751:
734:
733:
725:
719:
718:
716:
714:
691:
685:
684:
657:
636:
631:
630:
629:
416:1988 Seoul Games
400:Special Olympics
275:
259:
243:
227:
211:
195:
179:
163:
147:
131:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3014:
2959:
2924:
2884:
2849:
2764:
2714:
2661:
2650:
2645:
2615:
2610:
2574:
2533:
2492:
2443:Para-equestrian
2413:Disability golf
2398:Adaptive rowing
2386:
2381:
2351:
2346:
2210:Throwing events
2205:
2081:
2070:
2065:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1936:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1903:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1872:
1853:
1852:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1804:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1771:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1738:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1650:
1637:
1636:
1627:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1597:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1558:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1524:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1491:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1458:
1444:
1443:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1382:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1346:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1307:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1241:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1154:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1000:
986:
985:
978:
968:
966:
964:
949:
948:
944:
929:
915:
914:
910:
895:
882:
881:
877:
867:
865:
861:
857:
856:
852:
835:
834:
830:
812:
811:
807:
797:
795:
786:
785:
781:
766:
753:
752:
737:
727:
726:
722:
712:
710:
708:
693:
692:
688:
673:
659:
658:
654:
650:
632:
627:
625:
622:
610:
540:
531:
474:
440:Going into the
405:Going into the
326:
318:
294:
283:
276:
267:
260:
251:
244:
235:
228:
219:
212:
203:
196:
187:
180:
171:
164:
155:
148:
139:
132:
119:
106:limb deficiency
17:
12:
11:
5:
3119:
3117:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3101:Para-athletics
3098:
3088:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2664:
2662:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2591:Cerebral palsy
2588:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2519:Sitting volley
2516:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2428:Para-athletics
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2034:
2033:
2011:
1979:
1964:
1949:
1934:
1910:
1885:
1870:
1839:
1817:
1802:
1784:
1769:
1751:
1736:
1717:
1688:
1663:
1648:
1625:
1610:
1595:
1571:
1556:
1537:
1522:
1504:
1489:
1471:
1456:
1432:
1418:
1395:
1380:
1359:
1344:
1320:
1305:
1286:
1279:
1254:
1239:
1215:
1209:978-0470058244
1208:
1190:
1167:
1152:
1128:
1105:
1082:
1059:
1036:
1013:
998:
976:
962:
942:
927:
908:
893:
875:
850:
828:
805:
779:
764:
735:
720:
706:
686:
671:
651:
649:
646:
645:
644:
638:
637:
621:
618:
609:
606:
539:
536:
530:
527:
478:cerebral palsy
473:
470:
384:arthrogryposis
325:
322:
317:
314:
293:
290:
285:
284:
280:T52 classified
277:
270:
268:
264:T51 classified
261:
254:
252:
248:T44 classified
245:
238:
236:
232:T43 classified
229:
222:
220:
216:T43 classified
213:
206:
204:
200:T42 classified
197:
190:
188:
184:T20 classified
181:
174:
172:
168:T13 classified
165:
158:
156:
152:T12 classified
149:
142:
140:
136:T11 classified
133:
126:
118:
115:
114:
113:
99:
92:
89:
86:
75:
72:
69:cerebral palsy
61:
51:
24:para-athletics
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3118:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2969:Nordic skiing
2966:
2965:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2724:Alpine skiing
2721:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2637:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2565:Sledge racing
2563:
2561:
2560:Sledge hockey
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:Winter Sports
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:Paratriathlon
2456:
2454:
2453:Para-swimming
2451:
2449:
2448:Para-shooting
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2079:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2021:
2015:
2012:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1914:
1911:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1803:9780736086769
1799:
1795:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1770:9781444334043
1766:
1762:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1718:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1649:9781444334043
1645:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1449:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1280:9781119045120
1276:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
995:
991:
983:
981:
977:
965:
959:
955:
954:
946:
943:
938:
934:
930:
924:
920:
912:
909:
904:
900:
896:
894:9781444334043
890:
886:
879:
876:
860:
854:
851:
846:
842:
838:
832:
829:
824:
820:
816:
809:
806:
793:
789:
783:
780:
775:
771:
767:
765:9780736086769
761:
757:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
736:
731:
724:
721:
709:
703:
699:
698:
690:
687:
682:
678:
674:
668:
664:
656:
653:
647:
643:
640:
639:
635:
634:Sports portal
624:
619:
617:
615:
607:
605:
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
581:
579:
574:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
554:in Tokyo and
553:
549:
545:
537:
535:
528:
526:
522:
520:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
471:
469:
467:
462:
460:
454:
451:
447:
443:
438:
434:
432:
426:
422:
420:
417:
412:
408:
403:
401:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
336:In 1964, the
334:
332:
323:
321:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
291:
289:
281:
274:
269:
265:
258:
253:
249:
242:
237:
233:
226:
221:
217:
210:
205:
201:
194:
189:
185:
178:
173:
169:
162:
157:
153:
146:
141:
137:
130:
125:
123:
116:
111:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
90:
87:
84:
80:
79:short stature
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
52:
49:
45:
44:
43:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
3022:
2967:
2932:
2892:
2857:
2773:
2772:
2722:
2667:
2478:Table tennis
2463:Powerlifting
2438:Para-cycling
2427:
2423:Para-archery
2067:
2024:. Retrieved
2014:
2002:. Retrieved
2000:. March 2016
1997:
1973:
1967:
1958:
1952:
1920:
1913:
1902:. Retrieved
1888:
1856:
1830:. Retrieved
1820:
1793:
1787:
1760:
1754:
1727:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1704:
1691:
1680:. Retrieved
1675:
1666:
1639:
1619:
1613:
1581:
1574:
1547:
1540:
1513:
1507:
1480:
1474:
1447:
1423:. Retrieved
1408:
1371:
1330:
1323:
1296:
1289:
1269:
1225:
1218:
1199:
1193:
1176:
1170:
1138:
1131:
1114:
1108:
1091:
1085:
1068:
1062:
1045:
1039:
1022:
1016:
989:
967:. Retrieved
952:
945:
918:
911:
884:
878:
866:. Retrieved
853:
836:
831:
814:
808:
796:. Retrieved
792:the original
782:
755:
729:
723:
711:. Retrieved
696:
689:
662:
655:
611:
599:in Rio, the
594:
582:
575:
564:
541:
532:
523:
475:
463:
455:
439:
435:
427:
423:
421:
404:
396:
364:spina bifida
357:
350:
335:
327:
319:
301:
295:
286:
120:
81:, including
67:, including
40:
31:
19:
18:
2934:CP Football
2586:Amputations
2497:Team Sports
2468:Racquetball
316:Eligibility
250:competitors
234:competitors
218:competitors
202:competitors
3090:Categories
2601:Les Autres
1935:0873228480
1904:2011-07-12
1871:0873228480
1737:1841260363
1682:2019-06-12
1596:0873228480
1557:1841260363
1523:1869585666
1490:1869585666
1457:1841260363
1381:8478682333
1345:0873228480
1306:1841260363
1240:0873228480
1153:0873228480
999:1841260363
928:1841260363
672:1841260363
648:References
292:Governance
282:competitor
266:competitor
186:competitor
170:competitor
154:competitor
138:competitor
117:Definition
96:paraplegia
77:T/F40–41 (
46:T/F11–13 (
2774:Athletics
2433:Paracanoe
1812:489446056
1779:642278479
1658:642278479
1532:154294284
1499:154294284
1425:21 August
1390:433443804
1185:221061502
1123:220878468
1100:220878468
1077:220878468
1054:220878468
1031:220878468
969:21 August
903:642278479
868:19 August
845:221843378
823:220878468
798:21 August
774:489446056
713:21 August
390:for the
358:In 1983,
3024:Swimming
2514:Goalball
2004:July 22,
1944:31710003
1880:31710003
1746:48404898
1710:July 29,
1605:31710003
1566:48404898
1466:48404898
1354:31710003
1315:48404898
1249:31710003
1162:31710003
1008:48404898
937:48404898
788:"Sports"
681:48404898
620:See also
595:For the
560:Tel Aviv
512:. The
372:epilepsy
102:T/F61-64
83:dwarfism
2894:Cycling
2669:General
2473:Sailing
2026:30 July
1832:30 July
576:At the
472:Classes
398:of the
324:History
306:CP-ISRA
2859:Boccia
2403:Boccia
1942:
1932:
1900:. 2008
1878:
1868:
1810:
1800:
1777:
1767:
1744:
1734:
1678:. 2010
1656:
1646:
1603:
1593:
1564:
1554:
1530:
1520:
1497:
1487:
1464:
1454:
1416:
1388:
1378:
1352:
1342:
1313:
1303:
1277:
1247:
1237:
1206:
1183:
1160:
1150:
1121:
1098:
1075:
1052:
1029:
1006:
996:
960:
935:
925:
901:
891:
843:
821:
772:
762:
704:
679:
669:
608:Future
304:While
2990:LW6/8
2740:LW6/8
2408:Bowls
1994:(PDF)
1701:(PDF)
862:(PDF)
54:T/F20
3010:LW12
3005:LW11
3000:LW10
2760:LW12
2755:LW11
2750:LW10
2418:Judo
2028:2012
2006:2016
1940:OCLC
1930:ISBN
1876:OCLC
1866:ISBN
1834:2012
1808:OCLC
1798:ISBN
1775:OCLC
1765:ISBN
1742:OCLC
1732:ISBN
1712:2016
1654:OCLC
1644:ISBN
1601:OCLC
1591:ISBN
1562:OCLC
1552:ISBN
1528:OCLC
1518:ISBN
1495:OCLC
1485:ISBN
1462:OCLC
1452:ISBN
1427:2012
1414:ISBN
1386:OCLC
1376:ISBN
1350:OCLC
1340:ISBN
1311:OCLC
1301:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1245:OCLC
1235:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1181:OCLC
1158:OCLC
1148:ISBN
1119:OCLC
1096:OCLC
1073:OCLC
1050:OCLC
1027:OCLC
1004:OCLC
994:ISBN
971:2012
958:ISBN
933:OCLC
923:ISBN
899:OCLC
889:ISBN
870:2012
841:OCLC
819:OCLC
800:2012
770:OCLC
760:ISBN
715:2012
702:ISBN
677:OCLC
667:ISBN
508:and
492:and
382:and
108:and
3075:S10
2995:LW9
2985:LW4
2980:LW3
2975:LW1
2955:FT8
2950:FT7
2945:FT6
2940:FT5
2880:BC4
2875:BC3
2870:BC2
2865:BC1
2845:F56
2840:F55
2835:F54
2830:F53
2825:F52
2820:F51
2815:T38
2810:T37
2805:T36
2800:T35
2795:T34
2790:T33
2785:T32
2780:T31
2745:LW9
2735:LW3
2730:LW1
2710:CP8
2705:CP7
2700:CP6
2695:CP5
2690:CP4
2685:CP3
2680:CP2
2675:CP1
2342:F57
2337:F56
2332:F55
2327:F54
2322:F53
2317:F52
2312:F51
2307:F46
2302:F45
2297:F44
2292:F43
2287:F42
2282:F41
2277:F40
2272:F38
2267:F37
2262:F36
2257:F35
2252:F34
2247:F33
2242:F32
2237:F31
2232:F20
2227:F13
2222:F12
2217:F11
2201:T54
2196:T53
2191:T52
2186:T51
2181:T47
2176:T46
2171:T45
2166:T44
2161:T43
2156:T42
2151:T41
2146:T40
2141:T38
2136:T37
2131:T36
2126:T35
2121:T34
2116:T33
2111:T32
2106:T20
2101:T13
2096:T12
2091:T11
1926:128
1587:127
1231:125
1144:120
558:in
519:T53
514:T54
510:T54
506:T53
502:T52
498:T51
494:T34
490:T33
486:T32
482:T31
3092::
3070:S9
3065:S8
3060:S7
3055:S6
3050:S5
3045:S4
3040:S3
3035:S2
3030:S1
2920:C4
2915:C3
2910:H1
2905:T2
2900:T1
1996:.
1982:^
1938:.
1928:.
1896:.
1874:.
1864:.
1862:85
1842:^
1806:.
1773:.
1740:.
1703:.
1674:.
1652:.
1628:^
1599:.
1589:.
1560:.
1526:.
1493:.
1460:.
1435:^
1398:^
1384:.
1362:^
1348:.
1338:.
1336:43
1309:.
1257:^
1243:.
1233:.
1156:.
1146:.
1002:.
979:^
931:.
897:.
768:.
738:^
675:.
573:.
562:.
504:,
500:,
488:,
484:,
450:T1
433:.
394:.
378:,
2640:e
2633:t
2626:v
2376:e
2369:t
2362:v
2060:e
2053:t
2046:v
2030:.
2008:.
1946:.
1907:.
1882:.
1836:.
1814:.
1781:.
1748:.
1714:.
1685:.
1660:.
1607:.
1568:.
1534:.
1501:.
1468:.
1429:.
1392:.
1356:.
1317:.
1283:.
1251:.
1212:.
1187:.
1164:.
1125:.
1102:.
1079:.
1056:.
1033:.
1010:.
973:.
939:.
905:.
872:.
847:.
825:.
802:.
776:.
717:.
683:.
112:)
98:)
85:)
71:)
60:)
56:(
50:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
