32:
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Agents such as calcimimetics (for example, cinacalcet) are used to mimic calcium and are able to activate the parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor (making the parathyroid gland "think" we have more calcium than we actually do), therefore lowering the calcium level, in an attempt to decrease the
179:
Parathyroid carcinoma is sometimes diagnosed during surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. If the surgeon suspects carcinoma based on severity or invasion of surrounding tissues by a firm parathyroid tumor, aggressive excision is performed, including the thyroid and surrounding tissues as
150:
on delayed image, no washout between early and delayed images, and high concentration of parathyroid hormone concentration in blood in those who age more than 40 years is suggestive of parathyroid carcinoma. Some authors suggest high levels of
98:
It is rare, with documented cases of less than one thousand since its first discovery in 1904; and much less common than parathyroid adenoma. It can be difficult to excise. The rate of occurrence of parathyroid carcinoma is between 0.5% to 5%
868:
853:
953:
130:(which also is hereditary). Parathyroid cancer has also been associated with external radiation exposure, but most reports describe an association between radiation and the more common
107:
Most patients experience moderate to severe hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone levels. A large mass in the neck is often seen, and kidney and bone abnormalities are common.
752:"Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) as a diagnostic test to differentiate between Parathyroid Carcinoma, Primary Benign Hyperparathyroidism and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism"
171:
also retains the radiotracer because of high metabolic nature of these diseases. Thus, the final diagnosis always requires pathological examination of the tissue in question.
992:
703:"Differential findings of tc-99m sestamibi dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy between benign and malignant parathyroid lesions in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism"
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Mohebati A, Shaha A, Shah J (December 2012). "Parathyroid carcinoma: challenges in diagnosis and treatment".
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as a marker for parathyroid carcinoma in the right context. However, other thyroid diseases such as
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147:
131:
84:
65:
750:
Valdes-Socin H, Betea D, Daly A, Delanaye P, Souberbielle JC, Beckers A, Cavalier E (2018-05-08).
1073:
781:
Nguyen BD (May 1999). "Parathyroid imaging with Tc-99m sestamibi planar and SPECT scintigraphy".
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Wei CH, Harari A (March 2012). "Parathyroid carcinoma: update and guidelines for management".
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Conditions that appear to result in an increased risk of parathyroid cancer include
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918:
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Cheon M, Choi JY, Chung JH, Lee JY, Cho SK, Yoo J, et al. (December 2011).
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by promoting calcium reabsorption from bone. It is antagonized by the hormone
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31:
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Parathyroid cancer occurs in midlife at the same rate in men and women.
49:
498:"Parathyroid carcinoma: clinical and pathologic features in 43 patients"
433:
Lee JE (July 2005). "Predicting the presence of parathyroid carcinoma".
410:
319:
Dudney WC, Bodenner D, Stack BC (April 2010). "Parathyroid carcinoma".
88:
1063:
1054:
857:
80:
958:
845:
496:
Wynne AG, van
Heerden J, Carney JA, Fitzpatrick LA (July 1992).
974:
831:
Cancer
Management Handbook: Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers
354:
Beus KS, Stack BC (August 2004). "Parathyroid carcinoma".
87:(PTH). PTH helps the body maintain normal levels of serum
822:
entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
394:"Parathyroid Cancer Cases: A Single Center's Experience"
213:
in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds)
124:
autosomal dominant familial isolated hyperparathyroidism
72:
progression. It forms in tissues of one or more of the
835:
209:
Hu MI, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Lustig R, Lamont JP.
1307:
1279:
1251:
1199:
1114:
1072:
1008:
909:
839:
43:
24:
215:Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach
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8:
547:Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
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385:
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979:
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836:
826:Parathyroid Carcinoma (Medscape eMedicine)
30:
21:
726:
654:
605:
513:
409:
252:
356:Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
321:Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
16:Cancerous tumor of the parathyroid gland
193:
707:Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
678:
676:
674:
128:hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome
39:Parathyroid gland anatomy(green marks)
795:10.1148/radiographics.19.3.g99ma10601
278:Current Treatment Options in Oncology
146:, intense radioactivity greater than
7:
205:
203:
201:
199:
197:
323:. Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery.
120:multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
95:, which prompts calcium storage.).
14:
211:"Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers"
1091:ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
952: This article incorporates
947:
515:10.1097/00005792-199207000-00002
1023:Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
629:Givi B, Shah JP (August 2010).
580:Givi B, Shah JP (August 2010).
392:Healy SJ, Soe KK (2016-06-01).
227:Givi B, Shah JP (August 2010).
1096:GH-secreting pituitary adenoma
965:U.S. National Cancer Institute
684:"Parathyroid Cancer Treatment"
64:is a rare cancer resulting in
1:
1002:Tumours of endocrine glands
435:Annals of Surgical Oncology
1374:
960:Dictionary of Cancer Terms
647:10.1016/j.clon.2010.04.007
598:10.1016/j.clon.2010.04.007
398:AACE Clinical Case Reports
245:10.1016/j.clon.2010.04.007
144:Sestamibi parathyroid scan
719:10.1007/s13139-011-0103-y
688:National Cancer Institute
559:10.1016/j.hoc.2012.08.009
368:10.1016/j.otc.2004.02.014
333:10.1016/j.otc.2010.01.011
290:10.1007/s11864-011-0171-3
38:
29:
1219:Adrenocortical carcinoma
1176:Squamous-cell carcinoma
768:10.1530/endoabs.56.P214
631:"Parathyroid carcinoma"
582:"Parathyroid carcinoma"
447:10.1245/ASO.2005.03.904
229:"Parathyroid carcinoma"
1214:Adrenocortical adenoma
954:public domain material
83:in the neck that make
477:"Endocrine Pathology"
161:Hashimoto thyroiditis
62:Parathyroid carcinoma
25:Parathyroid carcinoma
1358:Head and neck cancer
1261:Parathyroid neoplasm
1348:Endocrine neoplasia
1154:Parafollicular cell
756:Endocrine Abstracts
157:multinodular goitre
148:submandibular gland
132:parathyroid adenoma
85:parathyroid hormone
66:parathyroid adenoma
910:External resources
820:Parathyroid cancer
762:. Bioscientifica.
411:10.4158/EP15857.CR
103:Signs and symptoms
74:parathyroid glands
1335:
1334:
1101:Craniopharyngioma
1082:Pituitary adenoma
1018:Pancreatic cancer
944:
943:
635:Clinical Oncology
586:Clinical Oncology
327:(2): 441–53, xi.
233:Clinical Oncology
169:thyroid carcinoma
59:
58:
19:Medical condition
1365:
1231:Pheochromocytoma
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988:
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690:. 11 March 2009.
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553:(6): 1221–1238.
549:. Rare Cancers.
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404:(3): e221–e227.
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362:(4): 845–54, x.
358:. Parathyroids.
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1294:Pinealoblastoma
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1184:Thyroid adenoma
1129:epithelial-cell
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1068:
1050:Somatostatinoma
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184:hypercalcemia.
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1124:Thyroid cancer
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814:External links
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789:(3): 601–614.
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641:(6): 498–507.
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508:(4): 197–205.
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217:. 11 ed. 2008.
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1353:Rare cancers
1281:Pineal gland
1270:
1147:Hurthle cell
1132:
1127:
1086:Prolactinoma
959:
946:
928:
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480:. Retrieved
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284:(1): 11–23.
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117:
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111:Risk factors
106:
97:
61:
60:
1299:Pineocytoma
1253:Parathyroid
1106:Pituicytoma
1032:Glucagonoma
919:MedlinePlus
180:necessary.
54:ENT surgery
1342:Categories
1166:Anaplastic
1143:Follicular
1059:Gastrinoma
1041:Insulinoma
895:DiseasesDB
482:2009-05-08
188:References
93:calcitonin
1289:Pinealoma
1271:Carcinoma
1159:Medullary
1138:Papillary
1133:carcinoma
1074:Pituitary
930:eMedicine
463:195245925
420:2376-0605
175:Treatment
138:Diagnosis
78:pea-sized
70:carcinoma
45:Specialty
1171:Lymphoma
1010:Pancreas
935:med/1754
803:10336191
737:24900018
665:20510594
616:20510594
567:23116578
532:25457018
502:Medicine
455:15952075
376:15262520
341:20510726
306:39872789
298:22327883
263:20510594
50:Oncology
1266:Adenoma
1226:Medulla
1180:Benign
1116:Thyroid
889:D010282
728:4043053
656:3781923
607:3781923
524:1518393
254:3781923
89:calcium
1209:Cortex
1064:VIPoma
924:007264
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167:, and
81:glands
76:(four
956:from
878:194.1
863:C75.0
528:S2CID
459:S2CID
302:S2CID
900:9628
884:MeSH
873:9-CM
799:PMID
733:PMID
661:PMID
612:PMID
563:PMID
520:PMID
451:PMID
416:ISSN
372:PMID
337:PMID
294:PMID
259:PMID
126:and
1309:MEN
869:ICD
854:ICD
791:doi
764:doi
723:PMC
715:doi
651:PMC
643:doi
602:PMC
594:doi
555:doi
510:doi
443:doi
406:doi
364:doi
329:doi
286:doi
249:PMC
241:doi
153:HCG
142:On
68:to
1344::
1327:2B
1322:2A
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963:.
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384:^
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360:37
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1028:α
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
