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did the same. And about five o’clock he went out and found others standing around, and he said to them, ‘Why are you standing here idle all day?’ They said to him, ‘Because no one has hired us.’ He said to them, ‘You also go into the vineyard.’ When evening came, the owner of the vineyard said to his manager, ‘Call the laborers and give them their pay, beginning with the last and then going to the first.’ When those hired about five o’clock came, each of them received a denarius. Now when the first came, they thought they would receive more; but each of them also received a denarius. And when they received it, they grumbled against the landowner, saying, ‘These last worked only one hour, and you have made them equal to us who have borne the burden of the day and the scorching heat.’ But he replied to one of them, ‘Friend, I am doing you no wrong; did you not agree with me for a denarius? Take what belongs to you and go; I choose to give to this last the same as I give to you. Am I not allowed to do what I choose with what belongs to me? Or are you envious because I am generous?’ So the last will be first, and the first will be last.”
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total wages with them. The workers complained and said: we were toiling the entire day and this one did toil only for two hours and he gave him his total wages with us! The king told them: This one produced in two hours more than what you produced all day long. So Rebbi Bun produced in Torah in 28 years what an outstanding Or, with the Arabic ותֹיק “constant, resolute”. student cannot learn in a hundred years. (Jerusalem
Berakhot 2.8)
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To what can Rebbi Bun bar Ḥiyya be likened? To a king who hired many workers and there was one worker who was exceptionally productive in his work. What did the king do? He took him and walked with him the long and the short. In the evening, the workers came to receive their wages and he gave him his
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The parable has often been interpreted to mean that even those who are converted late in life earn equal rewards along with those converted early, and also that people who convert early in life need not feel jealous of those later converts. An alternative interpretation identifies the early laborers
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for the day, he sent them into his vineyard. When he went out about nine o’clock, he saw others standing idle in the marketplace, and he said to them, ‘You also go into the vineyard, and I will pay you whatever is right.’ So they went. When he went out again about noon and about three o’clock, he
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or persons who are typically despised by those who are longtime veterans and more fervent in their religious commitment. But it is best not to narrow the field too quickly. At a deeper level, we are all the eleventh-hour workers; to change the metaphor, we are all honored guests of God in the
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An alternative interpretation is that all
Christians can be identified with the eleventh-hour workers. Arland J. Hultgren writes: "While interpreting and applying this parable, the question inevitably arises: Who are the eleventh-hour workers in our day? We might want to name them, such as
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Many details of the parable, including when the workers receive their pay at the end of the day, the complaints from those who worked a full day, and the response from the king/landowner are paralleled in a similar parable found in tractate
Berakhot in the
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kingdom. It is not really necessary to decide who the eleventh-hour workers are. The point of the parable—both at the level of Jesus and the level of
Matthew's Gospel—is that God saves by grace, not by our worthiness. That applies to all of us."
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interpretation is that the parable's "close association with Mt 19:30 suggests that its teaching is the equality of all the disciples in the reward of inheriting
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The collected sermons of
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Some commentators have used the parable to justify the principle of a "
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intertextual.bible/text/matthew-20.9-jerusalem-berakhot-2.8
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Greek
Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary - Alford
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63:. It has been described as a difficult parable to
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37:Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard
266:Complete Commentary on the Whole Bible
33:Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard
349:, Westminster John Knox Press, 2008,
327:Catechism of the Catholic Church 2550
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316:USCCB Bible Commentary Matthew 19:30
305:USCCB Bible Commentary Matthew 20:1
284:The Parables of Jesus: A Commentary
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210:Life of Jesus in the New Testament
59:. It is not included in the other
16:Parable of Jesus (Matthew 20 1–16)
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238:Meyer's NT Commentary: Matthew 20
124:'s 1706 Commentary on the Bible.
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41:Parable of the Generous Employer
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188:See also
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