66:
41:
267:
303:, and should therefore be exterminated. To reduce vandalism and protect the bats, a gate was installed in 2003 at the entrance of one of the caves, with gaps large enough for bats to come and go, but too small for human passage. After the gate was installed, the number of bats using the cave "substantially increased".
298:
necessary for the species' survival. The species is especially threatened by intentional destruction by humans; in 1997, thousands of dead bats were found in one of the caves after locals set tires on fire at the cave entrance. Some
Venezuelans mistakenly believe that all bats are
230:. Their total range is less than 400 km (150 sq mi). In 2008, the caves where the bat is found were protected by the creation of the Cuevas de Paraguaná Wildlife Sanctuary–the first wildlife sanctuary in Venezuela.
417:
Eliécer E. Gutiérrez, Jesús
Molinari; Morphometrics and Taxonomy of Bats of the Genus Pteronotus (Subgenus Phyllodia) in Venezuela. J Mammal 2008; 89 (2): 292-305.
290:
listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. In 2015, Bat
Conservation International began fundraising for
996:
476:
942:
836:
955:
862:
556:
1021:
1006:
379:
888:
45:
1011:
973:
867:
287:
960:
1016:
429:"Integrating multiple evidences in taxonomy: species diversity and phylogeny of mustached bats (Mormoopidae: Pteronotus)"
254:, the bats were elevated from a subspecies to a species in 2008. The status of the bat as a full species was affirmed by
814:
968:
65:
746:
723:
673:
247:
682:
628:
549:
512:
776:
487:
223:
738:
279:
160:
428:
823:
755:
706:
542:
251:
177:
357:
1001:
691:
30:
283:
190:
60:
458:
450:
880:
440:
352:
181:
387:
901:
637:
602:
534:
226:
of
Venezuela. The entire population uses three caves, one of which is subject to human
334:
990:
875:
665:
343:
50:
291:
933:
893:
849:
808:
566:
445:
300:
127:
799:
652:
608:
255:
243:
137:
454:
227:
77:
462:
906:
927:
793:
619:
596:
590:
584:
578:
97:
947:
841:
295:
239:
266:
854:
107:
87:
770:
265:
828:
275:
774:
538:
328:
326:
324:
322:
320:
318:
316:
117:
486:. Bat Conservation International. August 2014. Archived from
427:
Pavan, Ana
Carolina; Marroig, Gabriel (2016-10-01).
917:
783:
650:
617:
282:. The 2016 assessment, however, downlisted them to
270:
Cave gate in Cuevas de
Paraguaná Wildlife Sanctuary
358:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136610A21987754.en
238:There is uncertainty if this taxa represents a
550:
519:. Bat Conservation International. Winter 2015
8:
771:
557:
543:
535:
39:
20:
444:
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
356:
312:
278:listed the Paraguana moustached bat as
386:. Diversidad Biológica. Archived from
433:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
197:
7:
344:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
919:Pteronotus parnellii paraguanensis
200:Pteronotus parnellii paraguanensis
14:
384:diversidadbiologica.minamb.gob.ve
997:IUCN Red List endangered species
64:
294:to better survey the critical
288:Bat Conservation International
274:In their 2008 assessment, the
1:
629:Antillean ghost-faced bat (
446:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.011
1038:
1022:Endemic fauna of Venezuela
715:Paraguana moustached bat (
203:Linares & Ojasti, 1974
1007:Mammals described in 1974
747:Davy's naked-backed bat (
724:Parnell's mustached bat (
674:Macleay's mustached bat (
573:
565:Extant species of family
477:"Annual Report 2013-2014"
196:
189:
166:
159:
61:Scientific classification
59:
37:
28:
24:Paraguana moustached bat
23:
815:Pteronotus paraguanensis
785:Pteronotus paraguanensis
683:Wagner's mustached bat (
337:Pteronotus paraguanensis
219:Pteronotus paraguanensis
214:Paraguana moustached bat
170:Pteronotus paraguanensis
248:Parnell's mustached bat
756:Big naked-backed bat (
351:: e.T136610A21987754.
271:
1012:Bats of South America
692:Sooty mustached bat (
380:"Cuevas de Paraguaná"
280:critically endangered
269:
222:) occurs only on the
152:P. paraguanensis
1017:Mammals of Venezuela
513:"The BCI Wish List"
333:Solari, S. (2016).
224:Paraguaná Peninsula
31:Conservation status
272:
256:genetic sequencing
984:
983:
777:Taxon identifiers
768:
767:
638:Ghost-faced bat (
210:
209:
204:
54:
1029:
977:
976:
964:
963:
951:
950:
938:
937:
936:
910:
909:
897:
896:
884:
883:
871:
870:
858:
857:
845:
844:
832:
831:
819:
818:
817:
804:
803:
802:
772:
743:
717:P. paraguanensis
711:
670:
559:
552:
545:
536:
529:
528:
526:
524:
509:
503:
502:
500:
498:
492:
481:
473:
467:
466:
448:
424:
418:
415:
400:
399:
397:
395:
390:on June 16, 2018
376:
370:
369:
367:
365:
360:
330:
242:, or if it is a
202:
172:
69:
68:
48:
43:
42:
21:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1026:
987:
986:
985:
980:
972:
967:
959:
954:
946:
941:
932:
931:
926:
913:
905:
902:Observation.org
900:
892:
887:
879:
874:
866:
861:
853:
848:
840:
835:
827:
822:
813:
812:
807:
798:
797:
792:
779:
769:
764:
734:
702:
661:
646:
640:M. megalophylla
613:
569:
563:
533:
532:
522:
520:
511:
510:
506:
496:
494:
493:on July 7, 2017
490:
479:
475:
474:
470:
426:
425:
421:
416:
403:
393:
391:
378:
377:
373:
363:
361:
332:
331:
314:
309:
264:
236:
185:
174:
168:
155:
63:
55:
44:
40:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1035:
1033:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
989:
988:
982:
981:
979:
978:
965:
952:
939:
923:
921:
915:
914:
912:
911:
898:
885:
872:
859:
846:
833:
820:
805:
789:
787:
781:
780:
775:
766:
765:
763:
762:
753:
744:
731:
730:
721:
712:
699:
698:
689:
680:
671:
658:
656:
648:
647:
645:
644:
635:
631:M. blainvillii
625:
623:
615:
614:
612:
611:
605:
603:Laurasiatheria
599:
593:
587:
581:
574:
571:
570:
564:
562:
561:
554:
547:
539:
531:
530:
504:
468:
419:
401:
371:
311:
310:
308:
305:
263:
260:
235:
232:
208:
207:
206:
205:
194:
193:
187:
186:
175:
164:
163:
157:
156:
149:
147:
143:
142:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
57:
56:
38:
35:
34:
29:
26:
25:
16:Species of bat
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1034:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
975:
970:
966:
962:
957:
953:
949:
944:
940:
935:
929:
925:
924:
922:
920:
916:
908:
903:
899:
895:
890:
886:
882:
877:
873:
869:
864:
860:
856:
851:
847:
843:
838:
834:
830:
825:
821:
816:
810:
806:
801:
795:
791:
790:
788:
786:
782:
778:
773:
761:
759:
758:P. gymnonotus
754:
752:
750:
745:
742:
741:
740:
733:
732:
729:
727:
722:
720:
718:
713:
710:
709:
708:
701:
700:
697:
695:
694:P. quadridens
690:
688:
686:
685:P. personatus
681:
679:
677:
672:
669:
668:
667:
666:Chilonycteris
660:
659:
657:
655:
654:
649:
643:
641:
636:
634:
632:
627:
626:
624:
622:
621:
616:
610:
606:
604:
600:
598:
594:
592:
588:
586:
582:
580:
576:
575:
572:
568:
560:
555:
553:
548:
546:
541:
540:
537:
518:
514:
508:
505:
489:
485:
478:
472:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
447:
442:
438:
434:
430:
423:
420:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
402:
389:
385:
381:
375:
372:
359:
354:
350:
346:
345:
340:
338:
329:
327:
325:
323:
321:
319:
317:
313:
306:
304:
302:
297:
293:
292:bat detectors
289:
285:
281:
277:
268:
261:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
233:
231:
229:
225:
221:
220:
215:
201:
198:
195:
192:
188:
183:
179:
173:
171:
165:
162:
161:Binomial name
158:
154:
153:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
67:
62:
58:
52:
47:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
918:
784:
757:
748:
737:
735:
726:P. parnellii
725:
716:
714:
705:
703:
693:
684:
676:P. macleayii
675:
664:
662:
651:
639:
630:
618:
601:Superorder:
595:Infraclass:
521:. Retrieved
516:
507:
495:. Retrieved
488:the original
483:
471:
436:
432:
422:
392:. Retrieved
388:the original
383:
374:
362:. Retrieved
348:
342:
336:
301:vampire bats
273:
262:Conservation
237:
218:
217:
213:
211:
199:
169:
167:
151:
150:
138:
18:
850:iNaturalist
809:Wikispecies
567:Mormoopidae
439:: 184–198.
364:18 November
286:. In 2013,
250:. Based on
128:Mormoopidae
1002:Pteronotus
991:Categories
739:Pteronotus
653:Pteronotus
609:Chiroptera
517:batcon.org
484:batcon.org
307:References
284:endangered
252:morphology
244:subspecies
139:Pteronotus
118:Chiroptera
46:Endangered
934:Q20906386
736:Subgenus
707:Phyllodia
704:Subgenus
663:Subgenus
577:Kingdom:
455:1055-7903
228:vandalism
146:Species:
84:Kingdom:
78:Eukaryota
974:13801497
928:Wikidata
800:Q2971360
794:Wikidata
749:P. davyi
620:Mormoops
597:Eutheria
591:Mammalia
585:Chordata
583:Phylum:
579:Animalia
463:27421565
234:Taxonomy
191:Synonyms
124:Family:
108:Mammalia
98:Chordata
94:Phylum:
88:Animalia
74:Domain:
51:IUCN 3.1
948:5706835
894:1004860
868:1148792
842:5787378
829:7251927
607:Order:
589:Class:
296:habitat
240:species
184:, 1974)
178:Linares
134:Genus:
114:Order:
104:Class:
49: (
961:948274
907:201150
881:136610
523:May 6,
497:May 1,
461:
453:
394:May 6,
182:Ojasti
180:&
855:74976
491:(PDF)
480:(PDF)
956:ITIS
943:GBIF
876:IUCN
863:ITIS
837:GBIF
525:2017
499:2017
459:PMID
451:ISSN
396:2017
366:2021
349:2016
276:IUCN
212:The
969:MSW
889:MDD
824:EoL
441:doi
437:103
353:doi
246:of
993::
971::
958::
945::
930::
904::
891::
878::
865::
852::
839::
826::
811::
796::
515:.
482:.
457:.
449:.
435:.
431:.
404:^
382:.
347:.
341:.
315:^
258:.
760:)
751:)
728:)
719:)
696:)
687:)
678:)
642:)
633:)
558:e
551:t
544:v
527:.
501:.
465:.
443::
398:.
368:.
355::
339:"
335:"
216:(
176:(
53:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
