348:
341:
57:
257:
792:
44:
371:
376:
404:
399:
322:
289:
307:
272:
575:, representing variable forms of the same species. His suggestion was not adopted by later mycologists, who identified various differences between the two species, including fruiting time as well as macroscopic and microscopic differences. The species is now classified in the newly erected genus
661: in) wide and tall, reddish to orangish brown, and saddle-shaped with 2–4 lobes. It is chambered or hollow within and frequently develops blackish-brown spots on the surface. During the mushroom's development, the cap's periphery grows into the
566:
but "based it on an entirely different character so as to exclude from the genus the very species on which it was founded". In an attempt to reconcile the confusion surrounding the naming and identity of the two mushrooms,
736:, are roughly cylindrical, eight-spored, operculate (opening by an apical lid to discharge the spores) and have dimensions of 200–350 by 12–17 |μm. The diameter of the club-shaped
669:) on the outside; as the surface growth of the hymenium continues to expand even after joining to the stipe, the hymenium can no longer follow and it arches up into folds and pads.
958:
with generous volumes of water, consumption is not advisable due to possible long-term health effects. There is evidence that even small doses of gyromitrin may have a cumulative
821:
and coastal forests in North
America. The North American range extends north to Canada and south to Mexico. It has also been reported from South America, Europe, and Asia.
2176:
459:
develop a characteristic saddle-shape in maturity, and the ends of both saddle lobes are drawn out to sharp tips that project above the level of the fruit body. The
2075:
1894:
1946:
473:, usually in the late summer and autumn, growing on rotting wood or on hard packed ground. The species is considered inedible as it contains the toxic compound
595:, a heavy band of twisted wool worn by Roman officiants at sacrifices. It is known more commonly as the elfin saddle or the hooded false morel. Additionally,
761:
is very similar in appearance, and although it is usually not possible to discern between the two species without examining microscopic characteristics,
1727:. University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. Archived from
2049:
1868:
256:
706:–1 in) thick, varying in color from reddish brown to whitish or even bluish, but is typically lighter than the cap. The stipe is minutely
1687:
1662:
1635:
1552:
1500:
1450:
1425:
1359:
1248:
1205:
1148:
828:
in autumn, often on rotten wood. It is also commonly found on packed ground, such as beside country roads, or in campgrounds. Associated
1721:
2151:
2166:
2161:
1933:
56:
825:
547:
494:
231:
1747:
1951:
1605:
Korf RP, Zhuang W. (1991). "A preliminary
Discomycete flora of Macaronesia: Part 13, Morchellaceae, Helvellaceae".
168:
2156:
732:. They are also biguttulate, containing two large oil droplets at either end. The spore-producing cells, the
2181:
2146:
765:
is said to have more pronounced purple tints in the stipe and has larger spores (about 22–30 μm long).
2171:
1759:
585:
621:
882:
757:
151:
1797:
784:
714:(flesh) is 1–2 millimetres thick, brittle, and whitish to brownish. It lacks a notable odor or taste.
2141:
2103:
2041:
1961:
1860:
1829:
1466:
Groves JW, Hoare SC. (1954). "Notes on fungi from northern Canada. I. Hypocreales and
Discomycetes".
1120:
Groves JW, Hoare SC. (1953). "Notes on fungi from northern Canada. I. Hypocreales and
Discomycetes".
767:
947:
912:
906:
615:
577:
530:
490:
478:
470:
128:
1925:
1652:
665:
below to form a hollow, roughly bell-shaped structure with the fertile spore-bearing surface (the
1415:
1396:
1329:
1102:
1063:
894:
888:
543:
506:
456:
410:
177:
51:
1517:
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2080:
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2111:
2023:
1982:
1816:
1683:
1658:
1631:
1548:
1496:
1446:
1421:
1355:
1244:
1201:
1144:
978:
930:
918:
640:
572:
452:
294:
2116:
1195:
463:
is white or flushed pale brown, smooth on the outside, but hollow with some chambers inside.
1987:
1585:
1388:
1321:
1094:
1055:
846:
711:
662:
535:
460:
327:
215:
1280:
1969:
864:
858:
416:
791:
43:
2036:
1855:
1728:
870:
852:
782:, but these latter fungi typically have grayer colors and thinner, fluted stipes (e.g.
568:
1165:
2135:
900:
876:
840:
627:
98:
2028:
1821:
1375:
Kempton PE, Wells VL. (1973). "Studies on the fleshy fungi of Alaska. VI. Notes on
959:
834:
799:
751:
has a wrinkled surface (similar to brainlike convolutions), not wavy or bumpy like
526:
383:
20:
2014:
1705:
Systematic studies of the
Helvellaceae in northern and northwestern North America
771:
is more stout with a white stem, with a wrinkled cap which usually lacks points.
2062:
1938:
1920:
1881:
1791:
951:
600:
448:
432:
389:
354:
118:
24:
1782:
955:
943:
737:
644:
474:
88:
1842:
1607:
1046:
721:
717:
707:
609:
542:. The next few decades witnessed some lingering confusion as to the correct
511:
203:
108:
68:
1445:. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 280.
1312:
Wells VL, Kempton PE. (1968). "Studies on the fleshy fungi of Alaska II".
2088:
2008:
1974:
1907:
1808:
1776:
666:
522:
517:
312:
280:
262:
227:
1590:
1569:
2054:
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1232:
1106:
1067:
829:
818:
725:
2067:
1886:
2093:
1912:
1036:
Seaver FJ. (1920). "Photographs and descriptions of cup-fungi: VIII.
525:(marked with wavy lines or convolutions); the genus was based on the
444:
78:
1753:
1392:
1325:
1098:
1059:
1847:
1240:
924:
814:
790:
733:
729:
604:
589:
1682:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 14.
1420:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 49.
1654:
Mushrooms
Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi
1268:. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. pp. 347–48.
603:", so named for their resemblance to the highly regarded edible
1834:
1757:
824:
The fungus can be found growing singly to scattered in or near
1628:
Fungi of
Northern Europe: Larger Fungi (Excluding Gill Fungi)
778:
might also lead to confusion with some species of the genus
728:, smooth, thin-walled, with dimensions of 17–22 by 7–9
1707:. M.Sc. Thesis: University of Alberta (Canada). p. 53.
942:
This fungus is inedible, as it contains the toxic compound
1200:. Englewood, Colorado: Westcliffe Publishers. p. 39.
1354:. Moscow, Idaho: University Press of Idaho. p. 73.
599:
is a member of a group of fungi collectively known as "
477:
which, when metabolized by the body, is converted into
1657:. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. p. 803.
1197:
Mushrooms of
Colorado and the Southern Rocky Mountains
1005:
Fungorum qui in
Bavaria et Palatinatu Nascuntur Icones
1630:. New York, New York: Penguin Books. pp. 36–37.
954:. Although much of the gyromitrin may be removed by
1998:
1766:
396:
368:
337:
319:
304:
286:
269:
250:
1491:. Edmonton, Canada: Lone Pine Publishing. p.
1716:
1714:
985:. MycoBank. International Mycological Association
1545:Fungus Flora of Venezuela and Adjacent Countries
672:The mostly hollow stipe is between 2–8 cm (
481:. The toxin may be removed by thorough cooking.
1570:"A wider and more natural concept of the genus
1522:(Ascomycota, Pezizales, Discinaceae) in Mexico"
710:– covered with a layer of very fine hairs. The
1345:
1343:
8:
1352:Mushrooms of Idaho and the Pacific Northwest
1307:
1305:
1143:(5 ed.). London: Cassell. p. 883.
1031:
1029:
1754:
1081:Kanouse BB. (1948). "Studies in the genus
946:, which when digested is metabolized into
42:
31:
1589:
534:. Later, in 1886, the French mycologist
904:, as well as the deciduous tree species
19:For other fungi with similar names, see
970:
2177:Taxa named by Jacob Christian Schäffer
613:. This group includes species such as
247:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1007:(in Latin). Vol. 4. p. 105.
558:into a newly created genus he called
7:
2104:e44cd931-d4bc-462a-995e-2b7e00e28413
1962:2bf6eaa7-4e5e-4395-b80d-b5bba0b7e8ea
171:) X.C. Wang & W.Y. Zhuang (2023)
1266:Comparative Morphology of the Fungi
788:which has distinctly white flesh).
546:placement of these fungi. In 1907,
1680:A Field Guide to Western Mushrooms
1543:Kew Royal Botanic Gardens (1970).
1485:Schalkwijk-Barendsen HME. (1991).
1443:Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest
696: in) high and 1–2.5 cm (
643:of the fruit body (technically an
14:
1722:"Morels: a morsel after the fire"
1417:The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide
813:is widely distributed throughout
501:(the original genus spelling was
493:in 1774 by the German mycologist
402:
397:
374:
369:
346:
339:
320:
305:
287:
270:
255:
55:
1441:Trudell S, Ammirati J. (2009).
1020:Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae
1626:Persson O, Nilsson S. (1978).
1264:Gäumann EA, Dodge CW. (1928).
1:
1468:The Canadian Field-Naturalist
1122:The Canadian Field-Naturalist
1022:(in Latin). pp. 259–572.
740:is 7–10 μm at the apex.
1414:Weber NS, Smith AH. (1980).
647:) is about 2.5–9 cm (1–
315:attachment is not applicable
1488:Mushrooms of Western Canada
538:transferred the species to
263:Mycological characteristics
2198:
1237:Mushrooms of North America
1141:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
18:
1547:. Lubrecht & Cramer.
774:The saddle-shaped cap of
625:(beefsteak mushroom) and
515:, distinguishing it from
451:. The dark reddish-brown
183:
176:
157:
150:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
806:Distribution and habitat
571:proposed that both were
562:; he retained the genus
495:Jacob Christian Schäffer
2152:Fungi described in 1774
1518:"A review of the genus
950:, a major component of
2167:Fungi of South America
2162:Fungi of North America
1003:Schaeffer JC. (1774).
983:(Schaeff.) Quél. 1886"
802:
509:established the genus
883:Pseudotsuga menziesii
794:
758:Paragyromitra ambigua
489:The fungus was first
1350:Tylutki EE. (1979).
1194:Evenson VS. (1997).
1176:. MushroomExpert.Com
1139:Simpson DP. (1979).
428:Paragyromitra infula
252:Paragyromitra infula
161:Paragyromitra infula
36:Paragyromitra infula
1703:Abbott SP. (1992).
1591:10.29203/ka.1969.53
1568:Harmaja H. (1969).
1279:Wood M, Stevens F.
1042:Gyromitra esculenta
948:monomethylhydrazine
913:P. tremuloides
907:Populus balsamifera
826:coniferous woodland
749:Gyromitra esculenta
622:Discina caroliniana
616:Gyromitra esculenta
479:monomethylhydrazine
471:Northern Hemisphere
1678:Smith AH. (1975).
1018:Fries EM. (1849).
895:Larix occidentalis
889:Tsuga heterophylla
847:P. sitchensis
803:
619:(brain mushroom),
521:based on a gyrose
507:Elias Magnus Fries
443:, is a species of
437:hooded false morel
2127:
2126:
2112:Open Tree of Life
1983:Open Tree of Life
1760:Taxon identifiers
1748:Mushroom Observer
1734:on 26 March 2009.
1689:978-0-472-85599-5
1664:978-0-89815-169-5
1651:Arora D. (1986).
1637:978-0-14-063005-3
1554:978-3-7682-0692-1
1516:Medel R. (2005).
1502:978-0-919433-47-2
1452:978-0-88192-935-5
1427:978-0-472-85610-7
1361:978-0-89301-062-1
1250:978-0-593-31998-7
1207:978-1-56579-192-3
1172:Gyromitra ambigua
1150:978-0-304-52257-6
931:Betula papyrifera
919:Acer macrophyllum
865:P. monticola
859:P. banksiana
552:G. esculenta
531:G. esculenta
424:
423:
245:Species of fungus
243:
242:
235:
223:Physomitra infula
219:
207:
196:
16:Species of fungus
2189:
2120:
2119:
2107:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2070:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2044:
2032:
2031:
2019:
2018:
2017:
1991:
1990:
1978:
1977:
1965:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1942:
1941:
1939:NBNSYS0000019571
1929:
1928:
1916:
1915:
1903:
1902:
1890:
1889:
1877:
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1851:
1850:
1838:
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1825:
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1812:
1811:
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1798:Gyromitra infula
1787:
1786:
1785:
1768:Gyromitra infula
1755:
1736:
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1726:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1675:
1669:
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1642:
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1623:
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1602:
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1513:
1507:
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1482:
1476:
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1463:
1457:
1456:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1289:California Fungi
1283:Gyromitra infula
1276:
1270:
1269:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1229:
1212:
1211:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1168:Gyromitra infula
1161:
1155:
1154:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
990:
981:Gyromitra infula
975:
785:H. maculata
705:
704:
700:
695:
694:
690:
687:
681:
680:
676:
660:
659:
655:
652:
586:specific epithet
469:is found in the
406:
405:
401:
400:
378:
377:
373:
372:
350:
349:
343:
342:
324:
323:
309:
308:
291:
290:
274:
273:
259:
248:
225:
213:
211:Gyromitra infula
202:
200:Helvella brunnea
194:
163:
60:
59:
46:
32:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2157:Fungi of Europe
2132:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2115:
2110:
2102:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2048:
2040:
2035:
2027:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2000:Helvella infula
1994:
1986:
1981:
1973:
1970:Observation.org
1968:
1960:
1958:
1950:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1924:
1919:
1911:
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1413:
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1408:
1393:10.2307/3758111
1374:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1326:10.2307/3757390
1311:
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1133:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1099:10.2307/3755023
1080:
1079:
1075:
1060:10.2307/3753481
1035:
1034:
1027:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1002:
1001:
997:
988:
986:
977:
976:
972:
968:
940:
877:A. grandis
841:P. mariana
808:
768:Discina brunnea
763:P. ambigua
746:
744:Similar species
702:
698:
697:
692:
688:
685:
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678:
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499:Helvella infula
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344:
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321:
306:
288:
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260:
246:
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195:Schaeff. (1774)
192:Helvella infula
187:
172:
165:
159:
146:
54:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2195:
2193:
2185:
2184:
2182:Fungus species
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2147:Inedible fungi
2144:
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2133:
2125:
2124:
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2046:
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1743:
1742:External links
1740:
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1387:(2): 396–400.
1367:
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1339:
1320:(4): 888–901.
1301:
1271:
1256:
1249:
1243:. p. 32.
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995:
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967:
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871:Abies balsamea
853:Pinus contorta
807:
804:
796:P. infula
776:P. infula
753:P. infula
745:
742:
636:
633:
631:(snow morel).
628:Discina gigas
597:P. infula
569:Fred J. Seaver
556:H. infula
486:
483:
467:P. infula
447:in the family
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2172:Fungi of Asia
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1038:Elvela infula
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928:species, and
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901:Thuja plicata
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606:
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591:
588:is from the
587:
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579:
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570:
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537:
536:Lucien Quélet
533:
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450:
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438:
435:known as the
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152:Binomial name
149:
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132:
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130:Paragyromitra
127:
124:
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99:Pezizomycetes
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64:
63:
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1288:
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960:carcinogenic
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835:Picea glauca
833:
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810:
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800:Saskatchewan
798:in northern
795:
783:
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766:
762:
756:
752:
748:
747:
716:
671:
638:
626:
620:
614:
608:
601:false morels
596:
592:
583:
576:
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:Jean Boudier
539:
529:
527:type species
516:
510:
505:). In 1849,
502:
498:
488:
466:
465:
457:fruit bodies
441:elfin saddle
440:
436:
427:
426:
425:
417:
411:
388:
384:saprotrophic
382:
362:
358:
331:
298:
277:
251:
222:
210:
199:
191:
160:
158:
142:
141:
129:
35:
29:
21:elfin saddle
2142:Discinaceae
2063:iNaturalist
1921:NatureServe
1882:iNaturalist
1792:Wikispecies
1750:Photographs
952:rocket fuel
722:ellipsoidal
635:Description
605:true morels
550:moved both
544:taxonomical
449:Discinaceae
390:mycorrhizal
381:Ecology is
355:Spore print
214:(Schaeff.)
119:Discinaceae
25:false morel
2136:Categories
1295:2010-09-17
1180:2010-09-17
1054:(1): 1–5.
989:2010-09-18
966:References
956:parboiling
944:gyromitrin
738:paraphyses
724:in shape,
718:Ascospores
645:apothecium
573:synonymous
560:Physomitra
475:gyromitrin
89:Ascomycota
85:Division:
2015:Q49601701
1615:: 287–94.
1608:Mycotaxon
1578:Karstenia
1572:Gyromitra
1532:: 103–10.
1526:Mycotaxon
1520:Gyromitra
1381:Mycologia
1377:Gyromitra
1314:Mycologia
1291:. MykoWeb
1087:Mycologia
1047:Mycologia
811:P. infula
708:tomentose
610:Morchella
564:Gyromitra
540:Gyromitra
512:Gyromitra
491:described
204:J.F.Gmel.
137:Species:
109:Pezizales
75:Kingdom:
69:Eukaryota
2089:MycoBank
2081:11355578
2037:Fungorum
2009:Wikidata
1926:2.881042
1908:MycoBank
1900:10379217
1856:Fungorum
1806:BioLib:
1783:Q3495445
1777:Wikidata
1584:: 9–12.
1235:(2023).
962:effect.
938:Toxicity
832:include
830:conifers
780:Helvella
667:hymenium
523:hymenium
518:Helvella
485:Taxonomy
433:commonly
313:Hymenium
281:hymenium
228:Schaeff.
178:Synonyms
169:Schaeff.
115:Family:
65:Domain:
2117:5302996
2055:2593335
1874:5258509
1401:3758111
1334:3757390
1233:Audubon
1164:Kuo M.
1107:3755023
1068:3753481
819:montane
726:hyaline
712:context
701:⁄
691:⁄
677:⁄
656:⁄
455:of the
439:or the
125:Genus:
105:Order:
95:Class:
2101:NZOR:
2094:247185
2068:350984
2042:247185
1988:866360
1959:NZOR:
1952:273506
1913:119118
1887:117994
1861:119118
1848:GYRMIN
1835:133489
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1128:: 1–8.
1105:
1083:Otidea
1066:
815:boreal
593:infǔla
503:Elvela
445:fungus
418:choice
412:deadly
359:yellow
299:convex
278:Smooth
234:(1907)
218:(1886)
206:(1792)
2076:IRMNG
2029:6LMT5
1975:14606
1895:IRMNG
1822:3HZQC
1809:59722
1732:(PDF)
1725:(PDF)
1397:JSTOR
1330:JSTOR
1241:Knopf
1103:JSTOR
1064:JSTOR
925:Alnus
663:stipe
590:Latin
461:stipe
328:Stipe
232:Boud.
216:Quél.
79:Fungi
2050:GBIF
1947:NCBI
1869:GBIF
1843:EPPO
1684:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1632:ISBN
1549:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1447:ISBN
1422:ISBN
1356:ISBN
1245:ISBN
1202:ISBN
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720:are
639:The
584:The
554:and
453:caps
363:buff
332:bare
186:List
23:and
2024:CoL
1934:NBN
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